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Location, Geography, & Climate
Nepal, home to Mount Everest, is dominated by the world's most imposing mountains. Although the country is relatively small (147,181 square kilometers), 80 percent of its territory is occupied by the dramatic peaks of the Himalayas. Nepal was closed to foreign visitors until1951, a situation which contributed greatly to its mystique in the west. This small, hospitable country has since become an exceptionally popular destination for travelers, whether they are in search of climbing challenges or spiritual enlightenment.
Nepal can be divided into three geographical regions, each stretching from east to west across the country. The southernmost strip of land, the Terai, is bordered to the north by Himalayan foothills and to the south by the Ganges River. The area was originally covered with tropical vegetation, but has been almost completely converted to agricultural production. The Terai is now the breadbasket of Nepal and is covered with farms.
The central section of Nepal is formed by the Mahabharat Chain, a range of mountains that reach modest altitudes of 2,000-3,000 meters. Farming has become an important
terraced farms produce rice, corn and wheat. The Kathmandu Valley, a stretch of green in the middle of the Mahabbarat, is home to Nepal's capital and other historic cities.
The Himalayas stretch across the northern section of Nepal. Eight of the ten highest peaks in the world are located here, and most are covered with permanent snowfields. The area is sparsely populated, with little vegetation above the tree-line (4,200 meters).
The climate varies considerably with elevation. May to October is monsoon season, when rain soaks the Terai and snow falls on the Himalayan peaks. Mid-October to mid-December is prime mountaineering weather: the skies are clear and sunny, temperatures range from warm in the lowlands to crisp in the mountains. March and April are also good months for mountain treks, although temperatures in Kathmandu and the Terai tend to be steamy.
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History and People
While there is evidence that Nepal was inhabited in prehistoric times, there has been little archeological research on early indigenous peoples. In the 8th century BC, migrants from India settled in the region of Kathmandu. Indian influence in the region was further consolidated by the Licchavi Dynasty (300-900 AM), who introduced Hindu traditions and culture (including the caste system). By the 13th century, three kingdoms, all under the control of the Malla Dynasty, dominated the Kathmandu Valley. Over the next five hundred years, the Malla rulers proved to be important patrons of the arts, building elaborately-decorated temples and palaces that survive to this day. Throughout the centuries, Nepal's topography protected the country from outside invaders. The Himalayas provided an impenetrable boundary to the north, while endemic malaria in the Terai kept out attacks from the south.
Nepal's kingdoms were unified in 1769 by Prithvi Narayan Shah, an ancestor of Nepal's present-day king. Inspired by India's independence, a nationalist movement grew in Nepal in the 1940's, but the king remained in control of the country. It was not until 1991 that a new constitution was introduced and multiparty elections were held for the first time.
Nepal's 18 million inhabitants belong to dozens of different ethnic groups. They can be divided roughly into Hindu peoples (who live mainly in the lowlands) and Buddhists, who live in mountain villages close to Tibet. Hindus, who make up 90 percent of the population, dominate political and religious life. But Buddhism has a special connection to Nepal: Siddhartha Gautama, who was later revered as the Buddha, was born in the Terai in 543 BC. Perhaps the most well-known Buddhist ethnic group are the Sherpa, who have long been associated with Himalayan mountaineering expeditions. The vast majority of Nepal's population makes a living from subsistence agriculture.
位置，地理，与气候 尼泊尔珠穆朗玛峰家，占主导地位的是世界上最雄伟的山脉。虽然该国相对较小（147181平方公里），80的部分领土的占领，在喜马拉雅山戏剧性的高峰。尼泊尔禁止外国游客until1951，这种情况极大地促进其在西部的神秘色彩。这个小，好客的国家，已经成为一个非常热门的目的地的旅客，不论他们在攀登挑战或搜寻的精神启蒙。 尼泊尔可分为三个地理区域，每个区域由东向西延伸全国。土地最南端地带，特莱，是接壤的喜马拉雅山麓北部，以及由恒河以南。该地区原本覆盖着热带植物，但已几乎完全转化为农业生产。特莱现在是尼泊尔的粮仓，并与农场覆盖。 尼泊尔中央部分是由链的马哈巴拉特山脉，山脉的范围，达到海拔米的温和。农业已成为该地区的重要活动;梯田农场生产稻米，玉米和小麦。在加德满都谷地，绿色在Mahabbarat中段，是家庭对尼泊尔首都和其他历史名城。 在横跨喜马拉雅山尼泊尔北部地区延伸。十大世界上最高的山峰有八个位于这里，而且大多数是永久性雪原覆盖。该地区人烟稀少，几乎没有植被以上的树线（4200米）。 气候差异很大的提高。 5至10月是雨季，雨水浸泡时特莱和下雪的喜玛拉雅山。 10月中旬至12月中旬，是登山的主要天气：天空是晴，温度范围从低地温暖到酥脆在山上。 3月和4月是山区跋涉也不错个月，尽管在加德满都温度和特莱往往是潮湿。 -------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------ 历史和人民 尽管有证据表明，尼泊尔是居住在史前时代，就出现了一些早期土著民族考古研究。在公元前8世纪，来自印度的移民定居在加德满都地区。印度在地区的影响力得到进一步巩固了Licchavi王朝（300-900上午），谁介绍了印度教传统文化（包括种姓制度）。到13世纪三国，下控制所有马拉王朝，统治了加德满都河谷。在未来500年，统治者的马拉被证明是对艺术的重要顾客，建设精心装饰的寺庙和宫殿，生存到今天。在整个世纪以来，尼泊尔的地形保护外来侵略者的国家。喜马拉雅山提供了一个坚不可摧的北部边界，而在特莱地区疟疾流行却阻断了从南方攻击。 尼泊尔王国统一了1769年的普里特维纳拉扬沙阿，是尼泊尔的当今国王的祖先。印度的独立，民族主义运动所激励的增长在1940年，尼泊尔的，但国王在该国的控制之下。直到1991年还没有形成新宪法出台和多党选举是首次举行。 尼泊尔的18万居民属于不同种族群体的几十人。它们可以大致分为印度人民（主要是谁住在低地）和佛教徒，谁在山区乡村的西藏生活。印度教徒，谁占百分之九十的人口，占主导地位的政治和宗教生活。但是，佛教有一个特殊的连接尼泊尔：悉达多乔答摩，谁后来被佛陀尊崇，是在特莱出生于公元前543年。也许最知名的佛教民族是夏尔巴人，谁一直与喜马拉雅登山探险有关。尼泊尔人口的绝大多数使得从自给自足的农业生活。
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位置，地理，与气候
尼泊尔珠穆朗玛峰家，占主导地位的是世界上最雄伟的山脉。虽然该国相对较小（147181平方公里），80的部分领土的占领，在喜马拉雅山戏剧性的高峰。尼泊尔禁止外国游客until1951，这种情况极大地促进其在西部的神秘色彩。这个小，好客的国家，已经成为一个非常热门的目的地的旅客，不论他们在攀登挑战或搜寻的精神启蒙。
尼泊尔可分为三个地理区域，每个区域由东向西延伸全国。土地最南端地带，特莱，是接壤的喜马拉雅山麓北部，以及由恒河以南。该地区原本覆盖着热带植物，但已几乎完全转化为农业生产。特莱现在是尼泊尔的粮仓，并与农场覆盖。
尼泊尔中央部分是由链的马哈巴拉特山脉，山脉的范围，达到海拔米的温和。农业已成为该地区的重要活动;梯田农场生产稻米，玉米和小麦。在加德满都谷地，绿色在Mahabbarat中段，是家庭对尼泊尔首都和其他历史名城。
在横跨喜马拉雅山尼泊尔北部地区延伸。十大世界上最高的山峰有八个位于这里，而且大多数是永久性雪原覆盖。该地区人烟稀少，几乎没有植被以上的树线（4200米）。
气候差异很大的提高。 5至10月是雨季，雨水浸泡时特莱和下雪的喜玛拉雅山。 10月中旬至12月中旬，是登山的主要天气：天空是晴，温度范围从低地温暖到酥脆在山上。 3月和4月是山区跋涉也不错个月，尽管在加德满都温度和特莱往往是潮湿。
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历史和人民
尽管有证据表明，尼泊尔是居住在史前时代，就出现了一些早期土著民族考古研究。在公元前8世纪，来自印度的移民定居在加德满都地区。印度在地区的影响力得到进一步巩固了Licchavi王朝（300-900上午），谁介绍了印度教传统文化（包括种姓制度）。到13世纪三国，下控制所有马拉王朝，统治了加德满都河谷。在未来500年，统治者的马拉被证明是对艺术的重要顾客，建设精心装饰的寺庙和宫殿，生存到今天。在整个世纪以来，尼泊尔的地形保护外来侵略者的国家。喜马拉雅山提供了一个坚不可摧的北部边界，而在特莱地区疟疾流行却阻断了从南方攻击。
尼泊尔王国统一了1769年的普里特维纳拉扬沙阿，是尼泊尔的当今国王的祖先。印度的独立，民族主义运动所激励的增长在1940年，尼泊尔的，但国王在该国的控制之下。直到1991年还没有形成新宪法出台和多党选举是首次举行。
尼泊尔的18万居民属于不同种族群体的几十人。它们可以大致分为印度人民（主要是谁住在低地）和佛教徒，谁在山区乡村的西藏生活。印度教徒，谁占百分之九十的人口，占主导地位的政治和宗教生活。但是，佛教有一个特殊的连接尼泊尔：悉达多乔答摩，谁后来被佛陀尊崇，是在特莱出生于公元前543年。也许最知名的佛教民族是夏尔巴人，谁一直与喜马拉雅登山探险有关。尼泊尔人口的绝大多数使得从自给自足的农业生活。
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