From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Location of La Rioja within Spain
Coordinates: : Country
Government o 
()Area(1.0% of S ) o Total
5,045 km2 (1,948 sq mi)Population (2016) o Total
315,794 o Density
63/km2 (160/sq mi) o 
17th o Percent
0.7% of Spain o 
Riojan o 
Statute of Autonomy
June 9, 1982Parliament
4 (of 350)
4 (of 264)Website
La Rioja (; Spanish: ) is an
in , located in the north of the Iberian Peninsula. Its capital is . Other
include , , , , , and . It has an estimated population of 322,415 inhabitants (INE 2010), making it the least populated region of Spain.
It covers part of the
valley towards its north and the Iberian Range in the south. The community is a single province, so there is no County Council, and it is organized into 174 municipalities. It borders the Basque Country (province of ) to the north, Navarre to the northeast,
to the southeast (province of ), and
to the west and south (provinces of
and Soria).
The area was once occupied by pre-Roman ,
and . After partial recapture from the
in the early tenth century, the region became part of the , later being incorporated into Castile after a century and a half of disputes. From the eighteenth century the Rioja region remained divided between the provinces of Burgos and Soria, until in 1833 the province of Logro?o was created, changing the name of the province to La Rioja in 1980 as a prelude to its constitution under a single provincial autonomous community in 1982. The name "Rioja" (from ) is first attested in 1099.
The region is well known for
under the brand Denominación de Origen Calificada Rioja.
Santa María de la Redonda Co-cathedral, Logro?o.
Monasterios de San Millán de Yuso
Roman times the territory of La Rioja was inhabited by the tribes of the
(central country),
(upper country, extending also north and west of it) and the
(lower country, extending also north and east of it). It was part of the province of .
In medieval times La Rioja was often a disputed territory. The
created the
that probably included most of La Rioja, as a border
against the . After the
of AD 711, La Rioja fell into the Muslim domains of .
Most of the territory was reconquered in 923 by , acting for the Kingdom of Pamplona together with the Kingdom of León and the Counts of Castile, feudal lords of the Leonese King. The lower region around
came under control of his allies the
of . The territory to the east of the Leza River remained under Muslim control.
Later there was a dispute between the Castilian Count
and the kings of Pamplona-Navarra, involving great battles. It was decided in favour of the Navarrese after the imprisonment of the Count's family in Cirue?a, in 960. La Rioja briefly formed the independent
from 970 to about 1005, at which point it became a part of the .
Sancho Garcés moved the capital of the Kingdom of Pamplona to Nájera (La Rioja), creating the so-called kingdom of Nájera-Pamplona which was, due to its large size, the first Spanish Empire. After the independence of
in 1035, this new kingdom fiercely fought against Pamplona for the possession of , La Rioja and other territories. In 1076, after the murder of , Navarre was divided among Castile and Aragon. Castile obtained La Rioja, together with other Navarrese lands. The name "La Rioja" first appears in written records in the Miranda de Ebro charter of 1099. The territory was centred on the fortified site of Logro?o: the 12th-century church Iglesia de Santa Maria de Palacio recalls its origin as a chapel of the administrative palace. Logro?o was a
disputed between the
from the 10
From 1134 the Navarrese under
("the Restorer") and his son
("the Wise") fought bitterly with Castile for the recovery of the former Pamplonese domains. The region was awarded to
in a judgement by
and annexed in 1177. Its importance lay in part in the pilgrimage route to , the , which crossed the River Ebro on the stone bridge, the Puente de Piedra.
Arnedillo, in La Rioja
Up to the 19th century the territory remained divided between the provinces of
and . The region was taken by Napoleonic forces in the
and remained solidly in French hands until 1814. In the 1810 project of
it was to be a part of the
with its capital in . The
declared La Rioja an independent province at the time of the Liberal , and during the
in January 1822 the province of Logro?o was created by royal decree as part of the administrative reform of , taking in the whole of the
historical territory of La Rioja. However,
soon annulled these decisions and restored most of the previous territorial divisions. In , a province of Logro?o was again formed within the region of . The province increased its territory temporarily in 1841.
In 1980 the province changed its name to La Rioja, and following the adoption of the Estatuto de San Millán in 1982, during the reorganization following the , it was constituted as a uni-provincial ,. It is the second-smallest autonomous community in Spain and has the half of its 174 municipalities have populations under 200. Nearly half of its citizens live in the capital.
View of La Rioja
La Rioja is bordered by the
(province of ), ,
(province of ), and
(provinces of
and ). The river
flows through this region, as does the river , after which it is named.
La Rioja and its seven valleys. Drawing by Ernesto Reiner.
Puerto de Oncala
Sierras de Cantabria y Codés Valley Valley ValleyJubera Valley
Leza ValleyIregua Valley Valley ValleyTirón Valley
The Ebro runs through the north of the community. The entire right bank (which is to the south) belongs to La Rioja. There are only three municipalities, ,
on the left bank(known as the Riojan Sonsierra), although Logro?o, , ,
and Alfaro also have parts of their respective municipal territories on that bank. Because of their proximity, the
area between the Ebro and the
is called .
The climate is mainly . The Rioja Alta comarca receives more precipitation than Rioja Baja. The average temperature ranges from 11.8–31.8 °C (53.2–89.2 °F) and the precipitation ranges between 300–600 mm (12–24 in) as an annual average. The wind called
is very frequent around La Rioja during the winter.
The mountains in La Rioja are part of the . This mountain range extends to the south of the Ebro river, parallel to it at a distance of about 40 to 60 km (25 to 37 miles), with altitudes ranging between 1,000 and 2,000 m (3,300 and 6,600 feet). From the mountain range the
runs northwards, into the heart of La Rioja, incorporating
which, at 2,271 m (7,451 ft), is the highest peak in the province. Other mountains include , , , and .
in La Rioja
found near .
is the main river passing through the community. Emerging from the narrow channel between the rocks of the , it reaches La Rioja, through which it runs for 120 km (75 miles), before continuing its journey to the Mediterranean. In the Conchas de Haro the altitude of the river is 445 m (1,460 ft) and when it leaves the community, in the Sotos del Ebro Natural Reserve in , it is 260 m (850 ft) high. The river therefore flows very quickly through La Rioja.[]
Seven rivers descend rapidly towards the Ebro from the mountain range, which is why La Rioja is sometimes called: "Zone of the seven valleys". They are, from east to west, , , Leza, Iregua, ,
and , although the headwaters of the Alhama and Cidacos originate in
and those of Najerilla-Neila and Tirón are from Burgos. Sometimes Linares (a tributary of Alhama) is added, grouping Tirón with its tributary, the Oja.
All the rivers of these valleys form tributaries that go on to form many valleys in their own right, such as those of Linares, Ocon, Jubera, Tuerto, Brieva, Viniegras and San Millán. There is an almost unlimited number of grandiose canyons, quite splendid in nature, such as , , , Ardancha, , Valderresa, Ollora, Tobia, San Martín and others.
In the highlands ,
are grown. There are also thickets of , , ,
and . , , , and
are present. There are grand hillsides with fine pasture for livestock, cattle and sheep. In the lower areas there are oaks, olive and almond trees. Near the Ebro, in the plains, the land is used for cereal, sugar beet and potatoes, while the hills are covered with vast vineyards of the wine that has brought worldwide fame to this region.
All Riojan rivers, including the Ebro, have a row of poplars and cottonwood. About the Riojan Alamos
has written: "... see them on the edge of the water, turning the landscape, like spears magical pointing towards the unreal and mysterious country of the riverbed."
are mined.
During the
period the geographical area of
was part of a flooded plain that drained periodically, leaving behind muddy areas where dinosaur tracks marked the path. Eventually they were dried and covered with new sediment layers whose weight pressed down on the lower layers, causing them to solidify into rocks over millions of years. Erosion has been wearing down the upper layers making many of these rock formations visible, bringing into view the fossilized footprints. La Rioja is notable for the number and conservation of these sites, in addition to those found in the north of , such as ,
and other highland locations.
Geographical comarcas:
Glasses of wine for tasting in the Vivancos Museum
Power station at Arrúbal, La Rioja
La Rioja is known for its production of
(although the Rioja viticultural region extends slightly into the neighboring administrative regions of
cultivation of
in Haro (La Rioja)
Types of industry include wine production and conserves (in Logro?o, Cenicero, Haro and Calahorra); textiles and footwear (in Logro?o, Arnedo, Cervera del Río Alhama and Ezcaray); furniture manufacturing (in Ezcaray, Logro?o and Nájera); rubber, plastics, chemical products and and , made in Casalarreina.
Exports are directed mostly towards the ,
According to the
the population of La Rioja (as at 2010) is 322,415 inhabitants, with 161,884 men and 160,531 women, which is 713 more than in 2009. Its population density is 63.76 people per km2. It is the least populous autonomous community in Spain. Its capital, Logro?o, with approximately 152,500 inhabitants, is its most populous city.
La Rioja has . According to the same INE data, there are more men than women in 150 of them, in two the numbers are the same and in 22 there are more females than males. In the latter set, the differences are small, except in the capital where there are 4,868 more women than men.
Vertical bar chart demographic of La Rioja (Spain) between 1857 and 2010
, capital of La Rioja with 152,641 inhabitants
Population (2011)
According to the 2007 PISA report, education in La Rioja is of the highest quality in Spain, close to that of other European countries with better overall educational levels in terms of student knowledge. In the Ministry of Education's 2009 report La Rioja was in first position among the autonomous communities as it relates to general aspects of primary and secondary education.
It is placed above the Spanish average in the list of communities with the lowest levels of school failure, with 85% of students being able to obtain the ESO title, despite its schools having the highest proportion of enrolled immigrants.
6208 euros are spent per pupil, making it the tenth ranked community in this regard. The majority of educational institutions in the community are public, followed by subsidized and private schools, the latter of which are very scarce at the primary and secondary levels. The
is free in public schools and at a cost in charter schools.
In La Rioja the portion of the population with higher education is 30.6%, with two institutions offering studies at this level: the
and an online university,the International University of La Rioja (UNIR).
Regional road LR-210 towards
La Rioja has connections by air via the .
Rail journeys to Madrid, Zaragoza, Barcelona, Valladolid, Oviedo, Bilbao, La Coru?a, Vigo are possible, since the Castejón-Miranda line crosses the region from east to west. The main railway station is that at Logro?o.
Road communications between La Rioja and neighboring regions are primarily through the . Additional highways have been built, such as the
which connects
to Logro?o from 2006, and in the future will reach . Other major road routes include:
(proposed)
The current
of . The autonomous community has its own . Other organs include the Consejo de Gobierno (council of government) and the Tribunal Superior de Justicia (high court of justice).
Calahorra Cathedral
, the autonomous university.
, a popular musical instrument from La Rioja.
, a popular dance practiced in some comarcas of La Rioja.
, one of the most important dishes in Riojan cooking
(PDF). Iso.org 2018.
Javier García Turza.
. Archived from
on . Statute of Autonomy (in Spanish)
(PDF) 2013.
(in Spanish).
(in Spanish).
V. Soto (21 April 2010).
(in Spanish). Logro?o 2013.
Juan Antonio Gómez Trinidad (1 February 2006).
(in Spanish) 2013.
Valeriano Sarto Fraj (21 September 2009).
(in Spanish) 2013.
Retrieved 15 May 2017. See also
Wikimedia Commons has media related to .
(in Spanish)
(in Spanish)
(in Spanish)
(in Spanish)
(in Spanish)
(in Spanish)
: Hidden categories:万物复苏，出来喝酒！橡树河畔La Rioja Alta高端晚宴
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报名方式：文章最下方原文链接处报名
橡树河畔酒庄（La Rioja Alta S.A.）代表了西班牙葡萄酒的顶级水准，迄今为止获奖无数，国际知名葡萄酒杂志《醇鉴》(Decanter)2014年三月刊中发表一份关于西班牙葡萄酒的专题报告“激动人心的西班牙佳酿”（The Exciting Wines of Spain），并评选出名列前十的西班牙葡萄酒，其中橡树河畔特级珍藏890红葡萄酒（1998年份）以98分的优异评价获选为该杂志的封面用酒，并长期蝉联帕克90+，更是有帕克90+俱乐部之美誉。
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里奥哈是西班牙成名最早，也是最大的优质葡萄酒产区，有着西班牙的波尔多之美誉，出产许多西班牙精品至极品的酒庄，橡树河畔(La Rioja Alta, S.A. )就是其中最优秀的佳作之一。1890年，在Don Daniel-Alfredo Ardanza y Sanchez的领导下，Do&a Saturnina Garc&a Cid y G&rate, Don Dionisio del Prado y Lablanca, Don Felipe Puig de la Bellacasa y Herr&n 和Don Mariano Lacort Tapia等五个家族共同出资设立了橡树河畔（La Rioja Alta, S.A.），开始了他们共同的梦想&&生产高品质的佳酿。然而不幸的是，才刚两年，1892年的时候酒庄就遭受了法国根瘤蚜虫的侵害，让酒庄陷入了严重的困苦时期，但他们并没有放弃，为了挽救酒庄，重拾梦想，他们再度筹集巨资从美国引进能抵抗根瘤蚜虫的树根，将本土的葡萄品种嫁接其上，才得以从这场危机中逃脱出来，让这个种着橡树的美丽河畔继续流淌美酒的神话。风景秀美的Oja河畔，静静地耸立着四棵丰茂的橡树，日这幅美景成为了La Rioja Alta, S.A.酒标的印记，并从此刻下了烙印，一直沿用至今。而橡树河畔的美酒也伴着Oja河流传开来。随着欧洲酒和美国酒的流行，各类酒展和酒评大赛开始在国际上盛行，La Rioja Alta, S.A.也参与其中，并取得了相当好的成绩，一举夺得1893年芝加哥哥伦布酒展的金牌，1895年又荣膺波尔多世界酒展银牌得主，1910年和1911年又分别荣获布宜诺斯艾利斯和图卢兹酒展大奖。但自1930年荣获拉美酒展金牌以后，公司宣布不再参与任何酒展或酒评大赛，因为他们不再需要为任何奖项而酿酒，他们需要酿出真正属于的饮家的酒。虽然没有在国际上获奖，但随着良好的口碑相传，此后的数十年，La Rioja Alta, S.A.可谓名声大噪，迅速跃升为西班牙里奥哈的顶级佳酿，同时也是国际上享有盛誉的几个西班牙葡萄酒品牌之一。
1904年，酒庄创始人，&Bodegas Ardanza &的拥有者Alfredo Ardanza提出将两个庄园合并，此后的百年酒庄经历了数度扩展，现在共拥有四个酒园，包括：橡树河畔La Rioja Alta, S.A.，爵士园Bar&n de O&a，雅斯特园&ster和施华乐LAGAR DE CERVERA 。其中占地425公顷的橡树河畔La Rioja Alta, S.A.的规模最大、产品线最齐全:橡树河畔特级珍藏890（红）La Rioja Alta, S.A.- Gran Reserva 890，是为了纪念La Rioja Alta, S.A.的成立，原本叫做Reserva1890，由于容易跟年份混淆，所以改成了&890&；同样，橡树河畔特级珍藏904（红）La Rioja Alta, S.A.- Gran Reserva 904，是为了纪念1904年两个庄园的合并和Rioja有史以来葡萄收成最好的一年而特别推出的，原来叫&Reserva 1904&，后来改为904，是Rioja法定产区种最精致复杂的一款红酒之一。
酒斛网——数十万葡萄酒爱好者一起发现美酒，分享微醺的乐趣。Copyright
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