这里不是有all吗?为asio4all有什么用也可以用which?第二个空?、

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& 2014高考英语二轮复习 必备考点1 单项填空(1)
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(一)名词
1.(2011o四川卷o T13)Always remember to put such dangerous things as knives out of children’s.
D. distance
【解析】选C考查名词词义辨析。句意为:一定要记得把刀这一类危险的物品放到孩子们够不到的地方。reach名词,伸手可达到的距离,out of one’s reach 手不能及。touch名词,触摸,out of touch 与 ……无联系。sight名词,视力out of sight看不见。distance 名词,距离。故选C。
2.(2011o山东卷oT34)There’s a
in our office that when it’s somebody’s birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share.
A. tradition
B. balance
C. concern
D. relationship
【解析】选A。考查名词辨析。句意为:在我们办公室有一个传统,当某个人过生日时,他们就会拿来一个蛋糕与我们一起分享。tradition 传统;balance 平衡;concern 关心,担心;relationship 关系,关联。
3.(2011o江西卷o
T31)What’s the, in your opinion, of helping him if he doesn’t make an effort to help himself?
A.sympathy B.theme C.object D. point
【解析】选D。名词辨析。句意为:你认为如果他没有做出努力去帮助自己帮助他的意义是什么?sympathy同情;theme 主题;object 物体;point意义。选D。
4.(2011o浙江卷oT18)Anyway, I can’t cheat him
it’s against all my ______.
A. emotions
B. principles
C. regulations
D. opinions
【解析】选B。考查名词辨析。句意:不管怎么样,我不能骗他这有违我的(做人)原则。A项:情绪;B项:原则;C项:规章制度;D项:意见,观点。
5.(2011o江苏卷o T27)Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional ___.
A. consequence
B. independence
C. competence
D. intelligence
【解析】选C。考查名词词义辨析,句意为:教师要不断地更新他们的知识以维持他们的专业技能。consequence结果;independence独立;competence技能,技巧;intelligence智能,智慧。
6.(2011o湖北卷o
T21) “Tommy, run! Be quick! The house is on fire!” the mother shouted, with ______ clearly in her voice.
B. rudeness
【解析】选D。考查名词辨。句意:“汤米,跑!快跑!房子着火了!”妈妈大喊道,声音里明显带着恐慌。anger(生气,愤怒);rudeness(粗鲁);regret(遗憾,后悔);panic(恐慌,惊恐)。根据句意选择D项。
7.(2011o湖北卷o T22)Giving up my job to go back to full-time
was a big_______, but now I know it was the best decision I ever made.
A. project
B. commitment
C. competition
D. ambition
【解析】选B。考查名词辨。句意:放弃工作重返校园对我是个很难的选择,但现在我知道这是我做过的最好的决定。project项目;commitment承诺, 许诺, 保证;已承诺或同意的事;不得不做的事;competition竞争;比赛;ambition野心。根据句意选择B项。
8.(2011o福建卷o T26)The lack of eco-friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major of global climate change.
C. warning
D. reflection
【解析】选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意为:公众环保习惯的缺乏被认为是全球气候变化的一个主要原因。cause着重指产生或造成某事发生的原因,往往指造成不好的影响;result结果;warning警告;reflection反射。由句意知选B。
(二)主谓一致
1.(2011o湖南卷o T26)One-third of the country
covered with trees and the majority of the citizens ________ black people.
【解析】选A。考查主谓一致。句意:这个国家有三分之一的面积被森林覆盖,并且大多数公民是黑人。“分数词+of+名(代)词”作主语,谓语动词的单复数取决于该名(代)词的单复数,所以第一空用is;the majority of the citizens后的谓语动词用复数, 所以第二个空用are。
2.(2011o江苏卷o T22)The fact that so many people still smoke in public places _______that we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking.
A. suggest
B. suggests
C. suggested
D. suggesting
【解析】选B。考查主谓一致和时态句意为:仍然有很多人在公共场所吸烟,这样的事实表明我们或许需要一场全国性的运动来提高人们对吸烟的危害的认识。结合句意分析句子结构可知,the fact后that引导的是同位语从句,空后的that从句则是谓语动词suggest的宾语从句;主语是the fact,故排除A、D项;结合从句的时态可知主句要用现在时态,故选B项。
3.(2011o安徽卷oT27)The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which
saved for other purposes.
【解析】选 D。考查时态与主谓一致。句意为:该工厂使用了65%的原材料,其余的用作其用途。非限制性定语从句中的主语rest意为“其余的”,谓语动词应与of后的名词一致,而which指代先行词materials,故谓语用复数;定语从句中的谓语应与主句中的谓语动词used一致,故用过去时态。从时态和主谓一致两方面考虑,选择D项。
(三)冠词
1.(2011o四川卷o T18)Dr. Peter Spence, headmaster of the school, told us, “________ fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”
B.不填;The
【解析】选A。考查冠词。句意为:校长彼得斯宾斯博士告诉我们:“这里五分之一的学生会进入牛津或者剑桥大学学习”。第一个空后的headmaster是Dr. Peter Spence的同位语,又表示独一无二的职务,故之前不用冠词。第二个空a fifth=one fifth五分之一,用不定冠词。故选A。
2.(2011o全国卷Io T33)It is generally accepted that boy must learn to stand up and fight like ________ man.
D.a;不填
【解析】选A。考查冠词。句意:人们普遍认为男孩子一定要学会站起来像男子汉一样战斗。此处boy和man都是可数名词,并且泛指一类人,所以前面都加不定冠词a。
3.(2011o山东卷oT21)Take your timeit’s just ________ short distance from here to ________ restaurant.
A. 不填;the
D. 不填;a
【解析】选B。考查冠词用法。句意为:别着急从这儿到饭店仅有很短的一段距离。第一个空中加a表示一段距离;第二个空后的restaurant在句中为特指,用定冠词the,故本题正确选项为B。
4.(2011o江西卷o T22)—It’s said John will be in a job paying over $60,000 ______year.
—Right, he will also get paid by ________ week.
A. the B.a; the C. a
【解析】选B。考查冠词句意为:据说John将会有一份年工资超过60,000美金没错,他也将会周得到薪水。表时间单位每年,冠词a,后一句by后面接具体的计量方式用定冠词the,表示“按周”的意思。所以选B
5.(2011o浙江卷oT2)Experts think that _______ recently discovered painting may be _______ Picasso
【解析】选D。考查冠词。句意:专家认为,最近发现的这幅画可能是毕加索的一幅作品。根据句意可以知道,第一个空格应该是特指的,所以用the;第二个空格为毕加索的一幅作品,表示“一”,所以用a。
6.(2011o陕西卷oT13)As is know to all, People’s Republic of China is
________ biggest developing country in the world.
B. 不填; the
D. 不填; 不填
【解析】选C。考查冠词用法。句意:众所周知,中华人民共和国是世界上最大的发展中国家。the People’s Republic of China为专有名词,必须加定冠词the;后一个空为形容词的最高级,加定冠词the,the biggest developing country意为“最大的发展中国家”。
7.(2011o全国卷IIo T16) As he reached ________ front door, Jack saw _________
strange sight.
【解析】选D。考查冠词。句意为:当杰克到前门时,他看见了一个奇怪的现象。这里的前门是特指杰克到的那个前门,故用第二空指一个奇怪的现象,是泛指,故用a,答案为D。
.(2011o重庆卷o T26)In communication, a smile is usually _________ strong sign of a friendly and _______ open attitude.
D. the, an
【解析】选 C。考查冠词。句意为:在交流沟通时,微笑通常是表达友好不隐晦的态度的有效身体语言。sign是可数名词单数,此处表示泛指,因此应用不定冠词a;句中a friendly and open同时修饰同一个名词attitude,因此open前面不能再加冠词,故选C。
(四)代词
1.(2011o四川卷oT3)There is in his words. We should have a try.
A. something
B. anything
C. nothing
D. everything
【解析】选A。考查不定代词。句意为:他说的有点道理,咱们应该试一试。something意为“有意义的事物”,常用于肯定句中。anything意为“任何重要的事”,常用于疑问句和否定句中。nothing 表示否定含义,和句意不符,everything意义又太绝对了,故选A。
2.(2011o山东卷oT24)The two girls are so alike that strangers find
difficult to tell one from the other.
【解析】选A。考查代词用法。句意为:两个女孩长得如此相像以至于陌生人都发现很难将其中一个与另外一个区分开来。it在句中充当形式宾语,代替后面的真正的动词不定式宾语to tell one from the other.
3.(2011o江西卷o T25)Why don’t you bring
to his attention that you’re too ill to work on?
【解析】选B。考查代词。句意为:为什么你不让他注意到你病得太严重了以至于不能工作?it作形式宾语指代句子后面that引导的宾语从句, 故选B
4.(2011o浙江卷oT7)Since people are fond of humor ,it is as welcome in conversation as else.
A. anything
B. something
C. anywhere
D. somewhere
【解析】C。考查不定代词。句意:由于人们都喜欢幽默,所以幽默在交谈中和在其他任何场合一样受欢迎。此题的关键是“in conversation”,空格处应该是不定代词表示地点。A、B项不表示地点,所以首先排除,D项不符合语,应该是任何场合和地点。
5.(2011o辽宁卷o T27)—Would you like tea or coffee?
—, thank you. I’ve just had some water.
D. Neither
【解析】 选D。考查代词辨析,句意为:您想喝茶还是咖啡?都不喝,谢谢。我刚刚喝了些水。根据后面一句“刚刚喝了水”可知回答者是什么也不喝,要用neither来否定两者。either两者选一;both都,肯定两者;any三者或三者以上的任何一个。故选D。
6.(2011o陕西卷oT16)-Would you get me a bar of chocolate from the kitchen, dear?
C. Another
【解析】选C。考查代词的用法。句意:亲爱的,能否帮我从厨房拿块巧克力?再来一块?如果想表达“再来一块”的含义,可以用One more来表达,故排除D项;every one意为“每一个人/物”,意思不符;other往往后面跟名词的复数形式;another表“三者或者三者以上中的任意一个”,符合句意,故选C项。
7.(2011o湖南卷o T24)I knew that
would he would never give up wanting to be a director.
A. something
B. anything
C. everything
D. nothing
【解析】选D。考查不定代词。分号后面部分的意思是“他绝不会放弃成为一名导演”,所以前半句应是“没有什么事(nothing)能使他泄气”。
8.(2011o天津卷oT1) We feel
our duty to make our country a better place.
【解析】 选A。考查代词的用法句意为:我们感到使我们的国家变得更好是我们的责任。句中it为形式宾语,真正的宾语为to make our country a better place在语法中it可代替主语或宾语的句子、动名词或动词不定式,叫做形式主语或形式宾语,把真正的主语或宾语往后放。故选A。
9.(2011o上海卷o T26)To stay awake, he finished a cup of coffee and ordered______.
A. the other
C. the others
D. another
【解析】选D。考查代词的用法区别。句意为:为了保持清醒状态,他喝完一杯咖啡后又要了一杯。another指在原来的基础上的“再一(个),又一(个)”,表示增加,由句意可知他是在喝完一杯咖啡后又要了一杯,故用another;the other指的是两者的“另外一个”;other意为“另一,另一些”,但没有增加的意思;the others表示其余的全部,由句子语境可知A,B,C三个选项都不符合句意。
10. (2011o全国卷IIo T11)I got this bicycle for ________My friend gave it to me when she bought a new one.
A. everything
B. something
C. anything
D. nothing
【解析】选D。考查不定代词。句意为:我白得这辆自行车我朋友买了辆新的就把它给了我。A项everything表示“一切”;B项something表示“有些东西”;C项anything表示“任何东西”;D项nothing表示“没有东西”。根据句意选择D。
11. (2011o重庆卷o
T27)—Silly me! I forget what my luggage looks like.
—What do you think of
over there?
A. the one
【解析】 选 D。考查代词。句意为:我真愚蠢!我忘了我的行李是什么样子的了。你觉得那边那件是你的吗?the one 用来指代特指的可数名词单数;this不用于指代;it指代同名同物的东西;that既可以指代特指的可数名词单数也可以指代不可数名词。luggage是“行李”的总称,是不可数名词,故选D。
12. (2011o安徽卷oT22)Surprisingly, Susan’s beautiful hair reached below her knees and made almost an overcoat for her.
D. herself
【解析】选C。考查反身代词。句意为:令人惊奇是,苏珊的秀发直抵膝盖以下,就像给她披上了一层外衣。根据句意及句子结构,选项表示的是主语hair,故应选择与主语hair同义的反身代词itself。
13. (2011o福建卷o T21)We have various summer camps for your holidays. You can choose
based on your own interests.
【解析】选C。考查不定代词用法。句意为:对于你的假期我们有各种各样的夏令营,你可以依据自己的兴趣选择一个。one指代前面的同类物——夏令营; either指(两者中)任一的;each指各个,每个;it指同名同物,不合题意。
14. (2011o北京卷o T34)The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase________.
【解析】 选C。考查代词it的用法。 句意为:由于当地政府努力提高就业率,大城市的就业率继续升高。it表示同类同物,替代前面的特指的单数名词或不可数名词。that表示同类不同物,替代特指的单数名词或不可数名词。本题表示同类同物,需用it替代前面提到的the employment rate。故答案为C。
(五)介词和介词短语
1.(2011o四川卷oT8)Nick, it’s good for you to read some books _________China before you start your trip there.
【解析】选D。考查介词。句意为:克,去中国旅游之前读点关于中国的书是有好处的。介词on 表示“关于;论及”之意。介词in, for, of 皆无此意,故选D。
2.(2011o全国卷Io T30)The form cannot be signed by anyone
yourself.
A.rather than
B.other than
C.more than
D.better than
【解析】选B。考查介词短语。句意:这个表格除了你自己外其他人都不能签名。rather than“不是”;other than“除了”;more than“多于,不仅仅”;better than“胜过”。
3.(2011o山东卷oT30) I’m sorry I didn’t phone you, but I’ve been very busy _____ the past couple of weeks.
【解析】选D。考查介词用法。句意为:很抱歉没有给你打电话,在过去的几周里我一直很忙。ver在句中为介词,意为“在……期间”,与句意相符;beyond 超过,超越;with带有,具有;among 在中间,在……之中。
4.(2011o浙江卷oT5)I always wanted to do the job which I’d been trained _______.
【解析】选B。考查介词。句意:我一直想做我曾经受过培训的工作。“be trained for...”,表示“为了……接受培训”,所以只有B项正确。
5.(2011o天津卷oT11)He was a good student and scored _________ average in most subjects.
【解析】 选D。考查介词句意为:他是一个好学生,在大部分科目上得分都高出平均分。below average“低于平均分”;on average“平均”;above average“高于平均分”。根据句意选D。
6.(2011o上海卷o T25)Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you ______ the tough years.
A. through
【解析】选A。考查介词用法。句意为:毕业是感谢曾经帮助你度过艰难岁月的好时刻。help sb. through sth.帮助某人度过某段时期(尤指艰难的时期);help sb. up把某人扶起来;help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事;from来自,自……以来。由句意和这几个介词的意义可知选A。
7.(2011o江苏卷o T32)We’d better discuss everything _______ before we work out the plan.
A. in detail
B. in general
C. on purpose
D. on time
【解析】选A。考查介词短语辨析,句意为:我们最好在制计划之前详细地讨论一切事情。in detail详细地;in general一般来说,大体上;on purpose故意地;on time按时。
8.(2011o全国卷IIo T14) This shop will be closed for repairs ________ further
【解析】选B。考查介词。句意为:这家商店因修将关闭直到进一步通知。在此until是介词,表示“到……为止,在……以前”。A项with表示“和……一起”;C项for表示“为了”;D项at表示“在……”。根据句意选择B项。
.(2011o重庆卷o T24)Shirley, a real book lover, often brings home many books to read __________ the library.
【解析】 选D。考查介词。句意为:雪莉,一个十足的读书爱好者,经常从图书馆借很多书回家看。表示“从某处”用介词from。故选D。
1. (2011o安徽卷oT25)Sometimes proper answers are not far to seek ______ food safety problems.
【解析】选B。考查介词。句意为:有时不找到解决食品安全问题的适宜的办法。本题考查名词后的介词的固定搭配。此句中主语为answers,意为“解决办法”,作此意时后跟介词to或towards,故选B项。
1. (2011o福建卷o T22)good service, the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes.
A. Far from
B. Apart from
C. Instead of
D. Regardless of
【解析】选B。考查介词短语辨析。句意为:除了好的服务,这家饭店还提供各种各样的传统的福建菜。far from远非,远不如;apart from除;instead of代替,而不是;regardless of不管,不顾。根据句意选B。
1. (2011o北京卷o T35)With new technology, pictures of underwater valleys can be taken _________ color.
【解析】选D。考查介词的用法。句意为:用新的科技,海床山谷能被拍下彩色照片。by多用于无形的工具或方式手段之前,如by hand等;with用于有形的工具或身体某些器官之前,其后的名词多被冠词、物主代词等修饰,如:with a spade, with our eyes等;in表示使用语言、原料、材料等,如in English。故D项为正确答案。
(六)形容词
1.(2011o四川卷o T12)—How was your recent trip to Sichuan?
—I’ve never had
one before.
A. a pleasant
B. a more pleasant
C. a most pleasant
D. the most pleasant
【解析】选B。考查形容词比较级。句意为:你最近去四川的旅行怎么样?这是让我最为愉快的旅行了。否定词never与 比较级a more pleasant构成最高级的含义。故选B。
2.(2011o江西卷o T24)— The film is, I have to say, not a bit interesting.
— Why? It’s
than the films I have ever seen.
A.far more interesting
B.much less interesting
C.no more interesting
D.any less interesting
【解析】选。考查形容词比较级。句意为:我不得不说这部电影一点都没趣。为什么?我觉得比我之前看的任何电影都有趣多了。程度副词可修饰形容词比较级,放于比较级前。选。
3.(2011o江西卷o T33)She has already tried her best. Please don’t be too_______
about her job.
A.special
B.responsible
C.unusual
D.particular
【解析】选D。考查固定搭配。句意为:她已经尽了最大的努力。请不要对她的工作太挑剔了。be particular about 对……挑剔。选D。
4.(2011o浙江卷oT9)The professor could tell by the ________ look in Maria’s eyes that she didn’t understand a single word of his lecture.
C. innocent
【解析】选B。考查形容词辨析。句意:教授能够从Maria眼睛中的迷茫的神色看出她对他的演讲一点都没有听明白。A项:冷淡的;B项:迷茫的;C项:清纯的;D项:新鲜的。只有B项符合语。
5.(2011o浙江卷oT16)My schedule is very ______ right now, but I’ll try to fit you in.
C. regular
D. flexible
【解析】选A。考查形容词辨析。句意:尽管我的计划安排目前比较紧,但是我会尽量找时间见你的。“a tight schedule”表示“一个安排比较紧的计划”,为习惯性表达方式。B项:短的、不足的;C项:有规律的;D项:灵活的。
6.(2011o陕西卷oT17)The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be
the present one.
A. as three times big as
B. three times as big as
C. as big as three times
D. as big three times as
【解析】选B。考查形容词倍数的表达法。倍数表达法需要特别注意顺序问题:倍数 + as…as。句意:正在为下一届亚运会建设的体育场是现在的三倍大。故选B。
7.(2011o江苏卷o T25)In that school, English is compulsory for all students, but French and Russian are _________.
A. special
B. regional
C. optional
D. original
【解析】选C。考查形容词词义辨析,句意为:在那所学校里,英语是所有学生的必修目,但法语和俄语是选修目。optional可选择的;special特别的;regional地区的;original最初的,原始的。
8.(2011o全国卷IIo T17)Mr. Stevenson is great to work for — I really couldn’t ask for a _______ boss.
D. still better
【解析】选A。考查形容词。句意为:为史蒂文森先生工作很好,我确实不能要求更好的老板了。比较级和否定词连用表示最高级含义,此处表示史蒂文森先生是最好的老板,答案为A。
9.(2011o湖北卷o T23)The old engineer’s eyes still shone bright in the wrinkled brown face and his step as he came across the room was________,though slow.
【解析】选D。考查形容词辨。句意:老工程师棕色的脸上布满皱纹,他的眼中依然闪烁着明亮的光芒,在他穿过房间时他的步伐尽管很慢,但是很稳。shaky(摇动的);heavy(重的);casual (随便的;漫不经心的);steady(平稳的,稳定的)。根据句意选择D项。
10.(2011o湖北卷o T24)An unhappy childhood may have some negative effects on a person’s character;owever, they are not always _________.
A. practical
B. avoidable
C. permanent
D. beneficial
【解析】选C。考查形容词辨。句意:一个不愉快的童年可能会对一个人的性格有一些负面的影响,然而,这些影响并不是永久的。ractical(实用的,实际的);avoidable(可以避免的);permanent(永久的)beneficial(有益的)根据句意选择C项。
11.(2011o湖北卷o T25)The state-run company is required to make its accounts as_________ as possible for its staff to monitor the use of money.
A. transparent
B. reasonable
【解析】选A。考查形容词义辨析。句意:国营公司被要求把账目做尽可能,这样员工就可监督钱的使用。transparent(),reasonable(合理的);secure(安全的;安心的);formal(正常的)。根据句意选择A项。
12. (2011o福建卷o T30)Nowadays, there is aincrease in children’s creativity, for they are greatly encouraged to develop their talents.
C. natural
【解析】选A。考查形容词词义辨析。句意为:现在,孩子的创造性有明显的增长,因为他们被大加鼓励发展他们的才能。sharp锋利的, 突然的, 灵敏的, 明显的;slight轻微的,微小的;natural自然的;modest谦虚的。由句意知选A。
(七)副词
1.(2011o浙江卷oT13)I’ve been writing this report for the last two weeks,
but it has to be handed in tomorrow.
A. finally
B. immediately
C. occasionally
D. certainly
【解析】选C。考查副词辨析。句意:两周来我一直写这个报告,但是明天我务必要交上。A项:最终;B项:立刻;C项:偶尔地;D项:当然。只有C项最符合语要求。
2.(2011o天津卷oT9)The young man couldn’t afford a new car. _______, he bought a used one.
A. Besides
B. Otherwise
C. Instead
【解析】 选C。考查副词句意为:那位年轻人买不起一辆新车,而是买了一辆二手车。A项“而且,还有,此外”;B项是“否则,要不然”;C项是“代替,而”;D项是“仍然,还是”。根据句意选C。
3.(2011o上海卷o T29)When Mom looked back on the early days of their marriage, she wondered how they had managed with ______ money.
B. such few
C. so little
D. such little
【解析】选C。考查副词用法。句意为:当妈妈回顾他们婚初期时,她知道他们是如何在如此少的金钱的情况下顺利度过那些日子的。当名词前有few,little, many 或much修饰时用副词so,而不用such,又因为money为不可数名词,故选C。
4.(2011o全国卷IIo T12)It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music, but ________ another to play it well yourself.
【解析】选A。考查副词。句意为:喜欢听好音乐是一回事,自己能演奏好又完全是另外一回事。A项表示“完全”;B项very一般用在形容词、副词、限定词前面,也可表示“正是”;C项rather表示“相当,很”,可用于形容词、副词、比较级、限定词以及too等的前面;D项much表示“很多”,可修饰比较级。根据句意及用法选择A项。
.(2011o安徽卷oT24)To be great, you must be smart, confident, and, ______, honest.
A. therefore
B. above all
C. however
D. after all
【解析】选B。考查副词辨。句意为:要想成为伟大的人物,你必须聪明、自信,而最重要的是要为人诚实。A项为“因此,所以”;B项为“首先,尤其是,最重要的是”;C项为“可是,然而”;D项为“毕竟;终究”。根据句意选择B项。
.(2011o安徽卷oT31), I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.
A. Hopefully
B. Normally
C. Thankfully
D. Conveniently
【解析】选C。考查副词辨。句意为:幸好,我设法打完了比赛,为此做出的努力也没有白费。本题考查作句子状语的副词词义辨析。A项为“充满希望地”;B项为“正常地”;C项为“庆幸地,满怀感激地;幸好”;D项为“方便地,便利地”。根据句意选择C项。
(八)动词和动词短语
1.(2011o四川卷oT7)To get a better grade, you should _________ the notes again before the test.
A. go over
B. get over
C. turn over
D. take over
【解析】选A考查动词短语。句意为:为了考个好分数,考试前你应该把笔记再复习一遍。go over 复习,温习;get over 克服,摆脱;turn over翻身,翻转;take over接替,接管。故选A.
2.(2011o四川卷o T14)I often
the words I don’t know in the dictionary or on the Internet.
A. look up
B. look at
C. look for
D. look into
【解析】选A考查动词短语。句意为: 我经常在词典里或者网上查我不认识的单词。look up查询,查找look at 看look for 寻找look into调查。故选A。
3.(2011o全国卷Io T26)I can the house being untidy,but I hate it if it’s not clean.
A.come up with
B.put up with
C.turn to
D. stick to
【解析】选B。考查动词短语。句意:我能忍受房子不整齐,但如果不干净的话,我不喜欢。come up with “想出,提出”;put up with“忍受”;turn to“转向,求助于”;stick to“坚持”。
4.(2011o全国卷Io T34)William found it increasingly difficult to read,for his eyesight was beginning to.
A.disappear
【解析】选C。考查动词辨析。句意:威廉发现读书越来越难,因为他的视力正逐渐变弱。disappear“消失”;fall“落下,(数量﹑ 数目)下降”;fail“(指健康)衰退,变弱,消失”;damage毁坏。
5.(2011o山东卷oT25)They are broadening the bridge to
the flow of traffic.
A. put off
B. speed up
C. turn on
D. work out
【解析】选B。考查动词短语辨析。句意为:他们正在加宽这座大桥以加快交通流量。speed up 加速,加快;put off 延期,推迟;turn on 打开;work out 解决,计算出,锻炼。
6.(2011o江西卷o T35)You can’t predict everything. Often things don’t
as you expect.
A.run out B.break out C.work out D.put out
【解析】选C。考查动词词组。句意为:你不能预言一切事情。事情常常不会像你期待的那样实现。run out 耗尽break out 打破work out 算出,实现put out 扑灭。选C。
7.(2011o浙江卷oT6)The school isn’t the one I really wanted to go to , but I suppose I’ll just have to __________it.
A. make the best of
B. get away from
C. keep an eye on
D. catch up with
【解析】选A。考查动词短语辨析。句意:尽管这所学校不是我真正想去的学校,但是我想我会尽可能充分利用它的。A项:充分利用;B项:远离;C项:关注;D项:赶上。只有A项符合语。
8.(2011o浙江卷oT12)He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of at a hotel for the night.
A. putting down
B. putting off
C. putting on
D. putting up
【解析】选D。考查动词短语辨析。句意:他决定一直开车回家而非暂住旅馆过夜。“put up at...”表示“在某处获得食宿安排/暂住”。例如They put up at an inn for the night. 他们在一家小客栈里过夜。A项:记下,镇压;B项:推迟;C项:穿上;上演。所以选D项。
9.(2011o辽宁卷o T22)What are you doing out of bed, Tom? You’re
to be asleep.
A. supposed
C. thought
D. considered
【解析】 选A。考查动词短语辨析句意为:汤姆,你起床干什么?你应该是正在睡觉。be supposed to do应该做某事,而且侧重的是“别人认为主语应该做……”,符合句意;B项知道,了解;C认为;D项认为。
10. (2011o辽宁卷o T24)You are old enough to
your own living.
【解析】 选D。考查动词辨析句意为:你已经足够自己谋生了。win赢得;gain获得;take带走;earn/make one’s living谋生,构成固定短语。
11. (2011o辽宁卷o T26)The exam results will be
on Friday afternoon.
A. put down
B. put off
D. put away
【解析】 选C。考查动词短语辨析句意为:考试结果将会在周五下午张贴出来。put down记下,镇压;put off推迟;put up张贴,挂起,提供食宿,符合句意;put away收起。
12. (2011o陕西卷oT25)Some insects ________ the colour of their surroundings to protect themselves.
A. take in
B. take off
C. take on
D. take out
【解析】选C。考查动词短语。句意:一些昆虫呈现出它们周围环境的颜色,目的是为了保护自己。take in“吸收;改小;理解;欺骗”;take off“起飞;脱衣服;摆脱;成名”take on“雇;呈现”take out“拿出来”。根据句意可知C项正确。
13. (2011o天津卷oT6) I
a bank account after I made﹩1000 by doing a part-time job during the summer vacation.
A. borrowed
C. entered
D. ordered
【解析】 选B。考查动词辨,句意为:在暑假,通过做兼职工作,赚了1,000美元后我开了一个账户。A项是“借”;B项是“开”;C项“进入”;D项是“命令,订购”。根据句意选B。
14. (2011o天津卷oT8)She an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping at the department store.
A. turned down
B. dealt with
C. took after
D. came across
【解析】 选D。考查动词短语辨,句意为:昨天在商店购物时,她遇到了一位老朋友。A项是“调小,拒绝”;B项是“处理”;C项是“”;D项是“(偶然)遇到”,根据句意选D。
15. (2011o江苏卷o T28)— Are you still mad at her?
— Not really, but I can’t ______ that her remarks hurt me.
D. decline
【解析】选A。考查动词词义辨析句意为:你仍然对她很恼火吗?不了,但不可否认她的话很伤人。deny否认,否定;refuse和reject都表示“拒绝”,故排除;decline谢绝,也不符合句意。
16. (2011o江苏卷o T30)— You look upset. What’s the matter?
— I had my proposal _______ again.
A. turned over
B. turned on
C. turned off
D. turned down
【解析】选D。考查动词短语辨析句意为:你看起来很沮丧,出什么事了?我的提议又被拒绝了。turn down拒绝,符合句意。turn over翻转;turn on打开;turn off关掉,与句意不符。
17. (2011o全国卷IIo T10)Mary, I _____ John of his promise to help you.
B. reminded
D. advised
【解析】选B。考查动词和动词短语。句意为:玛丽,我提醒过约翰帮助你的承诺。remind sb. of something表示提醒某人某件事情。选项A中tell表示“告诉”;选项C中warn表示“警告”;选项D中advise表示“建议”。根据句意答案为B。
. (2011o卷Io T33)Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself ________ of his own dreams.
A. reminding
B. to remind
C. reminded
【解析】选C。考查动词和动词短语。句意为:尔在床边挂了一幅姚明的照片以便时刻使自己记得自己的梦想。keep+宾语+宾补(使……处于某种状态),后面的宾补可以是形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词或过去分词,过去分词和宾语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系也就是被动关系,现在分词和宾语之间是逻辑上的主动关系;remind sb. of…使某人想起某事或提醒某人某事,由该结构可以看出,himself与remind之间为被动关系,故选C。
. (2011o湖北卷o T26)Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successfulbut they may also________ our thinking.
D. improve
【解析】选B。考查动词辨。句意:如果我们想要成功,知识和学问是重要的,但是它们可能也限制了我们的思。direct(指引;指导);limit(限制);change(改变);improve (提高)。根据句意选择B项。
2. (2011o湖北卷o T27)The minister said“We are ready for discussions with any legal parties, but we’ll never_______ with criminals.”
A. negotiate
B. quarrel
D. consult
【解析】选A。考查动词辨。句意:部长说:“我们准备好与一切合法的政党讨论,但是我们将永远不会与犯罪分子谈判。”negotiate(谈判,交涉);quarrel(争吵);argue(争论;辩论);consult(咨询)。根据句意选择A项。
2. (2011o湖北卷o T28)Clinical evidence began to__________, suggesting that the new drugs had a wider range of useful activities than had been predicted from experiments in animals.
A. operate
B. strengthen
C. approve
D. accumulate
【解析】选D。考查动词辨。句意:临床证据开始增多,暗示与从动物实验得出的预测相比,这种新药有着更广阔的应用。operate(手术);strength(加强);approve(证明);accumulate(积累)。根据句意选择D项。
2. (2011o湖北卷o T29)The government has taken measures to ________ the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.
A. take down
B. bring down
C. hand down
D. tear down
【解析】选B。考查动词词组辨。句意:政府已经采取措施降低日常商品的高价格来保持市场的稳定。take down(记下,记录);bring down(减低);hand down(把……传递下来);tear down(拆毁;拆卸)。根据句意选择B项。
2. (2011o安徽卷oT21)As the story______, the truth about the strange figure is slowly discovered.
B. happens
D. develops
【解析】选D。考查动词辨。句意为:随着故事的展开,那位奇特人物的真实情况被慢慢地揭示出来。A项为“开始”;B项为“发生”;C项为“结束”;D项为“发展,展开”。根据句意选择D项。
2. (2011o安徽卷oT34)If you _____faults but you still want the bicycle, ask the shop assistant to reduce the price.
A. come across
B. care about
C. look for
D. focus upon
【解析】选A。考查短语动词。句意为:如果你发现自行车有瑕疵但还想买,可以要求店员降价。A项为“(偶然)发现”;B项为“在意,介意”;C项为“寻找”;D项为“集中于”。根据句意选择A项。
2. (2011o福建卷o T28)I’d prefer to my judgement until I find all the evidence.
B. express
D. reserve
【解析】选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意为:在找到所有的证据之前,我宁愿保留我的意见。reserve保留;show显示,展示,放映;express表达;pass穿过,通过,经过。由句意知选D。
2. (2011o福建卷o T31)Born into a family with three brothers, David wasto value the sense of sharing.
A. brought up
B. turned down
C. looked after
D. held back
【解析】选A。考查动词短语辨析。句意为:出生于一个三兄弟之家,大卫被教育要重视分享的意义。bring up教育,抚养,呕吐;turn down调低,关小,拒绝;look after照顾;hold back阻止,抑制,隐瞒。由句意知选A。
(九)情态动词
1.(2011o四川卷o T20)The police still haven’t found the lost child, but they’re doing all they.
【解析】选A。考查情态动词。句意为:警察还没有找到丢失的孩子,但是他们正在竭尽全力寻找。can 表示能力,句子后省略了do to find the lost childmay表示可能性,语气不肯定。must表示必须,should表示 应该。故选A。
2.(2011o全国卷Io T32)They
have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.
【解析】选D。考查情态动词表示推测。句意:他们本应该在午饭时到达的,但他们的航班被延误了。can表示对过去的事情推测时,常用于否定句或疑问句中;must have done一定做过某事;should have done本应该做某事,事实上没做;will have done是将来完成时,不表示推测。
3.(2011o江西卷o
be the postman at the door. It’s only six o’clock.
A.mustn’t B.can’t C.won’t D.needn’t
【解析】选B。考查情态动词的用法。句意为:现在才六点,门外的不可能是邮递员。mustn’t表示 禁止;can’t表示不可能;won’t表示将来不会;needn’t 表示不需要。根据句意知选B。
4.(2011o浙江卷oT11)—How’s your new babysitter?
—We ________ask for a better one. All our kids love her so muchA. should
C. mustn’t
D. couldn’t
【解析】选D。考查情态动词。句意:你新来的育婴员怎么样?我们再也不能找到一个比她更好的人选了。所有的孩子都很喜欢她。此题的关键信息是“All our kids love her so much”,暗示非常好。“否定词+比较级”表达最高级意义。A、B不是否定意义,C项意义不对。
5.(2011o辽宁卷o T21)If you ______ go, at least wait until the storm is over.
【解析】选C。考查情态动词句意为:如果你非要走的话,至少等到暴风雨停了再走。can能,能够,强调的是能力;may可以;must非得,必须,在此句中表“偏执”,符合句意;will将要,不能放在条件句中。
6.(2011o陕西卷oT24)—Will you read me a story, Mummy?
-OK. You ________ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.
【解析】选D。考查情态动词的用法。句意:妈妈,能给我讲个故事吗?可以呀,只要你尽快上床睡觉就给你讲。句中shall表示“许诺、警告、威胁”等语气。might“也许、大概、可能”;must“必须;非得;偏偏”;could“能够”。 
7.(2011o湖南卷o T28)-No one _____ be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball.
-Oh, you are really his big fan.
【解析】选A。考查情态动词。句意:在打篮球方面,没有谁能和姚明相比。噢,你真是他的忠实粉丝。can表示能力。
8.(2011o上海卷o T28)I ______ worry about my weekend—I always have my plans ready before it comes.
B. mustn’t
C. daren’t
D. needn’t
【解析】选D。考查情态动词。句意为:我不必为周末忧虑我总是在周末到来前准备好计划。can’t不能,表示没有能力做某事或劝别人不要做某事;mustn’t禁止,不可以,是命令式的,表示禁止或命令; daren’t不敢,表示主观上不敢做某事;needn’t不必,表示没有必要做某事。由句意和语境可知选D。
9.(2011o江苏卷o T34)— I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.
— How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone ________ it.
A. will have stolen
B. might have stolen
C. should have stolen
D. must have stolen
【解析】选B。考查情态动词的用法。,句意为:我把手提包忘在火车上了,但幸运的是,有人把它交了车站。真是令人难以置信!我想,可能有人偷了呢。表示对过去的可能性的判断,用might have done;A 项表示将来完成时,显然与句意不符合;C项表示过去应该已经做过某事;D项则表示对过去的肯定推测。
10. (2011o全国卷IIo T8)If you _______ smoke, please go outside.
【解析】选C。考查情态动词。句意为:如果你非要吸烟,请出去吸。在这里must表示“非要,偏要”can表示“能够”should表示“应该”may表示许可。故答案为C。
1. (2011o重庆卷oT25)—Why didn’t you come to Simon’s party last night?
— I wanted to, but my mom simply _________ not let me out so late at night.
【解析】 选 C。考查情态动词。句意为:你昨晚为什么没来参加西蒙的晚会?我本来想去的,但是晚上这么晚我妈妈就是不让我出去。could 是can的过去式,意为“能够,可以”;might是may的过去式,意为“可以,可能”;would是will的过去式,表示过去将来,意为“将”或表示意志,意为“愿,要”;should意为“应该”。由语境可知是妈妈不“愿意”让我去,故选C。
1. (2011o福建卷o T25)—Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?
—I am afraid you, in case he comes late for the meeting.
【解析】选B。考查情态动词。句意为:——我现在要告诉他日程的改变吗?——恐怕你必须告诉他,以防他开会迟到。must表示“必须,一定”;will表示“意愿或习惯性动作”;may表示“可能性”;can表示“做某事的能力或客观存在的可能性”。由句意知选B。
1. (2011o北京卷o T24)—I don’t really like James. Why did you invite him?
—Don’t worry. Hecome. He said he wasn’t certain what his plans were.
A. must not
B. need not
C. would not
D. might not
【解析】选D。考查情态动词。句意为:——我真的不喜欢詹姆斯,你为什么邀请他?——不用担心,他可能不来,他说过对他的计划他不准。must not表示“禁止”;need not表示“不必”;would not表示“不会”;might not表示“可能不”。由语境“...he wasn’t certain...”可知选D。
(十)虚拟语气
1.(2011o江西卷o T28)We John’s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.
A.will put B.will have put
C.would put D.would have put
【解析】选D。考查虚拟语气。句意为:要不是因为他最近受伤,我们本应该把ohn的名字放进昨天的比赛名单中。这是一个含蓄性虚拟语气,可以写成if引导的一个从句。ould have done表本应该做而没有做。选D。
2.(2011o陕西卷oT22)I __________through that bitter period without your generous help.
A. couldn’t have gone
B. didn’t go
C. wouldn’t go
D. hadn’t gone
【解析】选A。考查虚拟语气的用法。句意:如果没有你的热心帮助,我肯定无法度过那段艰难的日子。根据句意可知,此句为对过去事情的假设,主句应该为“情态动词+ have done”结构,故A项正确。
3.(2011o天津卷oT15)I ______ sooner but I didn’t know that they were waiting for me.
A. had come
B. was coming
C. would come
D. would have come
【解析】选D。考查虚拟语气句意为:我就会早点来了。题干中but I didn’t know...用了过去式,表示过去的事实,主句应表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气,相当于If I had known that they were waiting for me,I would have come sooner.4.(2011o福建卷o T34)—Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.
—I it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.
A. attended
B. had attended
C. would attend
D. would have attended
【解析】选D。考查虚拟语气中的含蓄条件句。句意为:——很遗憾你错过了关于核污染的演讲。——如果我不是忙于准备一份工作面试我就去了。答语相当于I would have attended it, if I hadn’t been busy preparing for a job interview.本题是借助于but且根据句意表达虚拟语气,不是借助于if,此时称作含蓄条件句。
5.(2011o北京卷o T28)—Where are the children? The dinner’s going to be completely ruined.
—I wish theyalways late.
A. weren’t
B. hadn’t been
C. wouldn’t be
D. wouldn’t have been
【解析】选A。考查虚拟语气。句意为:——孩子们在那里?晚饭都快要糟蹋了。——但愿他们别老是迟到。表现在的要用过去时,故选A。
6.(2011o北京卷o T30)Maybe if I science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.
A. studied
B. would study
C. had studied
D. was studying
【解析】 选C。考查虚拟语气。句意为:或许要是那时我学的是理科而不是文学,我就能给你更大的帮助。根据从句时间状语then,可知if条件句表示与过去事实相反,要用过去完成时(had done),故选C。
(十一)动词时态
1.(2011o四川卷o T 19)—What a mistake!
his doing it another way, but without success.
A. was suggesting
B. will suggest
C. would suggest
D. had suggested
【解析】选D。考查动词时态。句意为:多么严重的错误!是的。我早就建议他用另外的方法去做,但是他不听我的。根据语言环境可知是在错误出现之前我就建议过他,所以用过去完成时,故选D。
2.(2011o全国卷Io T23) Planning so far ahead
no sense—so many things will have changed by next year.
B. is making
D. has made
【解析】选C。考查时态。句意:未来没有意义,到明年很多改变。根据句意以及破折号后面的内容可知前半句指的是目前的情况,并不强调正在进行的动作,另外,so far修饰的是plan,lanning so far ahead在句中作主语。所以要用一般现在时。
3.(2011o全国卷Io T24)I wasn’t sure if he was really interested or if he
A.was just being
B. will just be
C.had just been
D. would just be
【解析】选A。考查时态。句意:我不能确定他是否真感兴趣还是出于礼貌。根据句子结构可以判断两个if引导的从句是并列关系,所以两个从句中的时态应一致。故用一般过去时。
4.(2011o全国卷Io T29)When Alice came to,she did not know how long
shethere.
A.had been lying
B.has been lying
C.was lying
D.has lain
【解析】选A。考查时态。句意:当Alice苏醒过来时,她不知道她已经在那儿躺了多长时间了。根据句意以及时间状语从句中的谓语的时态,“躺”可知此处要用过去完成时。
5.(2011o山东卷oT31)When I got on the bus, I
I had left my wallet at home.
A. was realizing
B. realized
C. have realized D. would realize
【解析】选B。考查动词时态。句意为:当我上了公共汽车,我意识到把钱包忘在家里了。从句子的主干分析,可知句子要用过去时态的语境,与后面的had left相对应,主句谓语动词用一般过去时。
6.(2011o山东卷oT35)She was surprised to f the children
everything!
A. had been eating
B. had eaten
C. have eaten
D. have been eating
【解析】选B。考查动词时态。句意为:她惊讶地发现冰箱是空的。孩子们已经吃光了所有的东西。从前面的was surprised来分析,句子的过去发生的动作,且吃光所有的东西发生在was surprised之前,故过去完成时。
7.(2011o江西卷o T30)We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody _______ into the office during the night.
B.had broken
C.has broken D.was breaking
【解析】选B。考查时态语态。句意为:我们在早晨到达工作地点时发现已经有人在前一天晚上闯进了办公室。“闯进”过去的过去,用过去完成时,选B。
8.(2011o浙江卷oT15)The manager was worried about the press conference his assistant ______ in his place but, luckily, everything was going on smoothly.
C. was giving
D. had given
【解析】选C。考查动词时态。句意:经理对助手代替他举行的新闻发布会一直很担心,但是,幸运的是,一切都很顺利。由于第二个分句谓语动词时态为过去进行时,所以为了保持一致,第一个分句动词时态也应该为过去进行时。所以选C。A项为一般过去,B项为一般现在,D项为过去完成。
9.(2011o辽宁卷o T28)I’ll go to the library as soon as I finish what I _________.
A. was doing
B. am doing
C. have done
D. had been doing
【解析】选B。考查动词的时态,句意为:一完成我现在正在做的我就去图书馆。主句用将来时,在时间状语中要用现在时表将来,而且根据句意,只能是“现在正在做的”,要用现在进行时。was doing过去某个时间段一直在做……;have done已经做了……;had been doing过去的过去一直在……。故选B。
10. (2011o辽宁卷o T34)By the time Jack returned home from England, his son______ from college.
A. graduated
B. has graduated
C. had been graduating
D. had graduated
【解析】选D。考查动词的时态句意为:杰克从英国回国的时候,他的儿子已经从大学毕业了。by +过去时间作时间状语,主句要用过去完成时;by+将来时间作状语,主句要用将来完成时will have done。故选D。
11.(2011o陕西卷oT12)His first novel
good reviews since it came out last month.
A. receives
B. is receiving
C. will receive
D. has received
【解析】选D。考查动词时态。since引导的时间状语从句在前后两个分句的时态上有非常明显的区别,一般而言,since后面的句子往往用一般过去时,而前面的句子用一般现在时或者现在完成时。since“自从……到”。故选D项。
12. (2011o湖南卷o T22)-Joan, what _____ in your hand?
-Look! It’s a birthday gift for my grandma.
A. had you held
B. are you holding
C. do you hold
D. will you hold
【解析】选B。考查动词的时态。句意:琼,你手里现在(正)拿着什么?瞧这是给我祖母的生日礼物。由Look!可知,这是问“你手里现在(正)拿着什么”,故用现在进行时。
13. (2011o湖南卷o
T27)In 1492, Columbus _____ on one of the Bahama Islands, but he mistook it for an island off India.
C. has landed
D. had landed
【解析】选B。考查动词的时态。句意:1492年,哥伦布登陆了巴哈马群岛的一座岛屿,但他误认为那是印度的一个小岛。根据时间状语In 1492可知该用一般过去时landed。
14. (2011o湖南卷o
T30)It is the most instructive lecture that I _____ since I came to this school.
A. attended
B. had attended
C. am attending
D. have attended
【解析】选D。考查动词的时态。句意:自我来到这所学校以来,这是我听过的最有益的一演讲了。since常与现在完成时连用。
15. (2011o湖南卷o T34)In the near future, more advances in the robot technology _____ by scientists.
A. are making
B. are made
C. will make
D. will be made
【解析】选D。考查时态和语态。句意:在不久的将来,科学家会在机器人技术方面取得更多进展。由by scientists可知填被动语态,根据In the near future可知填将来时,故选D。
16.(2011o天津卷oT3)In the last few years thousands of films all over the world.
A. have produced
B. have been produced
C. are producing
D. are being produced
【解析】 选B。考查动词时态句意为:在过去几年里,全世界成千上万的电影已被制作。题干中的in the last few years是现在完成时的标志,根据句意表被动,所以须用现在完成时的被动语态,故选B。
17. (2011o天津卷oT4)On her next birthday,Ann
married for twenty years.
B. has been
C. will be
D. will have been
【解析】 选D。考查动词时态,句意为:在她的下一个生日,Ann将已结婚20年了。on her next birthday是将来时的标志,for twenty years表时间段,所以用将来完成时。故选D。
18. (2011o上海卷o T31)After getting lost in a storm, a member of the navy team _________ four days later.
A. rescued
B. was rescued
C. has rescued
D. had been rescued
【解析】选B。考查时态。句意为:在暴风雨四天后,一名海军成员被救起。由句中的时间状语four days later可知句子要用一般过去时,又因为a member of the navy team与rescue之间是被动关系,要用一般过去时的被动语态形式,故选B。rescued为一般过去的主动形式;has rescued为现在完成的主动形式;had been rescued为过去完成时的被动形式,此三项均不符合句意。
19. (2011o上海卷o T34)Did you predict that many students ______ up for the dance competition?
A. would sign
C. have signed
D. had signed
【解析】选A。考查时态。句意为:你预计会有很多学生将要报名参加舞蹈比赛吗?由Did you predict可知that从句中的谓语动词要用与过去有关的时态,又由动词predict“预计”可知从句的谓语动词要用过去将来时,选A。signed为一般过去时,表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态,过去习惯性、经常性的动作或行为,也表示过去主语所具备的能力和性格;have signed为现在完成时,表示过去发生的并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果,或过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在并且有可能还会持续的动作或状态;had signed为过去完成时,表示发生在过去的动作对过去晚些时候造成的影响或结果,也表示过去某一动作一直持续到过去晚些时候将来可能还要延续,由此可见B,C,D三项均不符合本句语境。
20.(2011o江苏卷 o T21)— I hear you
in a pub. What’s it like?
— Well, it’s very hard work and I’m always tired, but I don’t mind.
A. are working
B. will work
C. were working
D. will be working
【解析】选A。考查时态,句意为:我听说你正在一家酒吧工作。怎么样?工作很辛苦,总是很累,但是我不在乎。根据句意可知表示现阶段正在进行的动作,故用现在进行时;答语中说明当前的工作情况,所以工作不可能是将来要进行的,可排除B、D项;当然也不可能是过去的工作,C项也是错误的。
21. (2011o江苏卷o T23)— Tommy is planning to buy a car.
— I know. By next month, he enough for a used one.
C. will save
D. will have saved
【解析】选D。考查时态,句意为:汤米计划买一辆汽车。是的。到下个月的时候,他就攒够买一辆二手车的钱了。根据句意可知动作到将来的某一时间之前将会完成,故用将来完成时,即D项。
22.(2011o全国卷IIo T9)If you don’t like the drink you, just leave it and try a different one.
A. ordered
B. are ordering
C. will order
D. had ordered
【解析】选A。考查时态。句意为:如果你不喜欢刚刚点的饮料,可以放在那里去试试另外一种。根据句意,饮料是刚刚点过的,故应该用一般过去时。选项B为现在进行时,表示现在正在进行的动作或者某段时间一直持续的动作;选项C为一般将来时,表示将来发生的动作;选项D为过去完成时,表示动作发生在过去的过去。故答案为A。
23. (2011o新课标全国卷o T23) Planning so far ahead
no sense—so many things will have changed by next year.
B. is making
D. has made
【解析】选C。考查时态。句意:对未来没有意义,——到明年很多事情又改变了。根据句意以及破折号后面的内容可知前半句指的是目前的情况,但此处并不强调正在进行的动作,另外,so far修饰的是planing,planning so far ahead在句中作主语。所以要用一般现在时。
24. (2011o新课标全国卷o T24)I wasn’t sure if he was really interested or if
A.was just being
B. will just be
C.had just been
D. would just be
【解析】选A。考查时态。句意:我不能确定他真感兴趣还是出于礼貌。根据句子结构可以判断两个if引导的从句是并列关系,所以两个从句中的时态应一致。故用一般过去时。
25. (2011o新课标全国卷o T29)When Alice came to,she did not know how long she
A.had been lying
B.has been lying
C.was lying
D.has lain
【解析】选A。考查时态。句意:当Alice苏醒过来时,她不知道她已经在那儿躺了多长时间了。根据句意以及时间状语中的谓语的时态,可知此处要用过去完成时。
26. (2011o重庆卷o T21)That piece of music sounds quite familiar. Who _________the piano upstairs?
A. has played
D. is playing
【解析】 选 D。考查动词时态。句意:那首曲子听起来很熟悉,谁在楼上弹钢琴?A项为现在完成时,表示动作已经结束;B项为一般过去时,表示动作发生在过去,与现在没有联系;C项为一般现在时,表示经常性或习惯性的动作;D项为现在进行时,表示说话时动作在进行。由语境可知选D。
27. (2011o重庆卷o T31)Look at the pride on Tom’s face. He ________ to have been praised by the manager just now.
C. had seemed
D. is seeming
【解析】 选B。考查时态。句意:瞧瞧汤姆脸上的自豪表情,看起来他刚刚是受到经理的表扬了。A项为一般过去时,表示动作与现在无关;B项为一般现在时,表示现在所处的状态,符合语境;C项为过去完成时,表示动作发生在一个过去的动作之前,与句意不符;D项为现在进行时,而seem不能用于进行时,故选B。
28. (2011o安徽卷oT32)—I didn’t ask for the name list. Why ______on my desk?
—I put it there just now in case you needed it.
A. does it land
B. has it landed
C. will it land
D. had it landed
【解析】选B。考查句子时态。句意:我没有要名单,怎么名单在我桌上?我刚才放在那里的,免得你需要。问句中谈论的事情即“放”的动作发生在过去,强调的是对话发生时的情况,需要使用现在完成时,故选择B项。
29. (2011o福建卷o T32)Last month, the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they
from China.
A. receive
B. are receiving
C. have received
D. had received
【解析】选D。考查时态。句意:上个月,日本政府表达了对中国援助的感谢。句中表达感谢发生在过去,接受到中国的援助应发生在过去的过去,故用过去完成时,选D。
30. (2011o北京卷o T23) Tom
in the library every night over the last three months.
C. has been working
D. had been working
【解析】选C。考查动词时态。句意:在过去的三个月里的每个晚上汤姆都在图书馆里学习。根据over the last three months可知该空表示现在的事情,又结合every night,可知动作一直在延续,故用现在完成进行时,选C。现在完成进行时表示动作从过去开始持续到现在且现在还在进行。
31. (2011o北京卷o T27)—That must have been a long trip.
—Yeah, it
us a whole week to get there.
B. has taken
D. was taking
【解析】选C。考查动词时态。句意:——那必定是一次长途旅行。——是的,到那里花了我们一整周时间。根据语境“must have been”是对过去有把握的推测,可知讨论的是过去发生的事,故用一般过去时,选C。
32. (2011o北京卷o T32)—Bob has gone to California.
—Oh, can you tell me when he?
A. has left
C. is leaving
D. would leave
【解析】选B。考查动词的时态。句意:——鲍勃已去了加。——哦,你能告诉我他啥时候离开的吗?由语境可知,“离开”动作发生在过去,故用一般过去时,选B。
(十二)动词语态
1.(2011o四川卷o T9)All visitors to this village _________ with kindness.
B. are treated
C. are treating
D. had been treated
【解析】选B考查被动语态。句意:所有到这个村庄的游客都受到了善意的款待。游客与treat之间是一种被动关系,要用被动语态,故选B2.(2011o安徽卷oT26)— What do you think of store shopping in the future?
—Personally, I think it will exist along with home shopping but _____.
A. will never replace
B. would never replace
C. will never be replaced
D. would never be replaced
【解析】选 C。考查时态和语态。句意:你认为未来的商场购物会如何?依我看,商场购物会和家庭购物并存,但是永远不会被代替。根据句子结构,but后应为一般将来时;句中主语it指store shopping,but后应用被动语态,故选择C项。
3.(2011o北京卷o T21)Experiments of this kind
in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War.
A. have conducted
B. have been conducted
C. had conducted
D. had been conducted
【解析】 选D。考查时态和语态。句意:二战前在美国和欧洲都进行过该类实验。conduct在the Second World War之前, “过去的过去”,用过去完成时,又因experiments 与conduct为动宾关系,用被动结构,故句子谓语用过去完成时的被动语态,D项为正确选项。
非谓语动词
1.(2011o四川卷oT2)Lydia doesn’t feel like______ abroad. Her parents are old.
B. studying
C. studied
D. to study
【解析】选B。 考查非谓语动词。句意:莉迪亚不想去国外学习,她的父母年纪都很大了。eel like doing 想做某事,是固定搭配,故选B。
2.(2011o四川卷o T11)Simon made a big bamboo box
the little sick bird till it could fly.
C. keeping
D. to keep
【解析】选D考查非谓语动词。句意:为了让生病的小鸟待到会飞,西蒙做了一个大的竹盒子。动词不定用来表示目的。故选D。
3.(2011o四川卷o T 16)an important role in a new movie, Andy has got a chance to become famous.
B. Offering
C. Offered
D. To offer
【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。句意:在新电影中,安迪被给予了一个重要角色,获得了出名的机会。Andy 与动词offer是逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用过去分词表被动,故选C。
4.(2011o全国卷Io T27)The next thing he saw was smoke from behind the house.
C.to rise
【解析】选B。考查非谓语动词。句意:紧接着,他看到从房子后面升起了烟。此处rising from behind the house作定语修饰前面的smoke。rise是不及物动词,与smoke之间是逻辑上的主动关系,且强调rise这一动作正在发生。故用v.-ing形式。to rise表示动作发生在将来;risen强调动作的完成。
5.(2011o山东卷oT27) Look over there—there’s a very long, winding path _____ up to the house.
A. leading
D. to lead
【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词。句意:看那里有一条长长的蜿蜒的小路通向那所房子。lead to为短语,表示“通向”,该短语与前面的path之间为主谓关系,用现在分词作定语,相当于定语从句which/that leads up to the house.
6.(2011o江西卷o T32)On receiving a phone call from his wife
she had a fall, Mr. Gordon immediately rushed home from his office.
【解析】选C。考查非谓语。句意:接到妻子的电话说她摔倒,立刻从办公室冲回家。非谓语动词修饰phone call,前后动词的动作在同一时间发生,表主动进行用现在分词形式。选C。
7.(2011o浙江卷oT3)Bats are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some ______a life span of around 20 years.
D. to have
【解析】选A。考查独立主格结构。句意:令人吃惊的是,蝙蝠是寿命较长的生物,有些能生存约20年。由于题干中逗号后的分句前没有连词,应该,所以首先排除B、C项,然后分析该短语结构的逻辑关系,some与非谓语存在主谓关系,所以选A项。
8.(2011o浙江卷oT14)Even the best writers sometimes find themselves ____for words.
C. to lose
D. having lost
【解析】选B。考查非谓语动词。句意:即便是最优秀的作家有时也会难以找到合适的词汇表达。“find oneself +done”表示“感到自己被……”,由于空格处和themselves有逻辑上的动宾关系,所以选用过去分词作宾语补足语。其选项形式不对。
9.(2011o浙江卷oT19)If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city ______ by their enthusiastic supporters.
A. being cheered
B. be cheered
C. to be cheered
D. were cheered
【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。句意:如果他们今夜赢了决赛,所有队员就去参加由热情的支持者赞助的环城旅游。由于比赛结果还不可得知,所以这只是一个将来的打算,所以用动词不定式的被动式表示将来。A、B、D项均不能表示将来的意义,所以只能选C。
10. (2011o辽宁卷o T30)around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people.
B. To gather
C. Gathering
D. To be gathering
【解析】 选C。考查非谓语动词句意:围着篝火,游客们和当地人跳起了舞。分析句可知gather around the fire作句子的伴随状语,而且与逻辑主语tourists之间的关系是主动的,要用doing。A项动词原形不能作状语;BD两项为不定式作状语,只能表目的或意外的结果。
11. (2011o陕西卷oT14)Claire had her luggage
an hour before her plane left.
B. checking
C. to check
D. checked
【解析】选D。考查非谓语动词的用法。句意:飞机起飞前,克莱尔的行李接受了检查。结构“have sth. done”意为“某事/某物被做”。由于名词luggage与动词check之间为被动关系,故选择过去分词作宾补。
12. (2011o陕西卷oT20)More highways have been built in China, _________it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.
C. to make
D. having made
【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词的用法。句意:现在在中国建成越来越多的公路,这使得人们从一个地方到另一个地方旅游变得非常容易。句中making it much easier...为非谓语动词短语作结果状语,且动词make与前面所表达的含义为主动关系,故选择现在分词短语作状语。
13. (2011o湖南卷o T21)The ability _____ an idea is as important as the idea itself.
A. expressing
B. expressed
C. to express
D. to be expressed
【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。句意:表达想法的能力和想法本身一样重要。expressed(过去分词)和to be expressed后是不可接名词(an idea)的,所以排除B、D。ability后常接不定式作后置定语,the ability to do sth.表示“做某事的能力”。
14. (2011o湖南卷o T23)The players ______ from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.
A. selecting
B. to select
C. selected
D. having selected
【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。句意:这些从全国挑选出来的选手都被期待在这次夏季赛事中为我们带来荣誉。The players与select是被动关系,故用过去分词作后置定语。
15. (2011o湖南卷o T29)Do you wake up every morning _____ energetic and ready to start a new day?
B. to feel
C. feeling
【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。句意:你每天早上醒来时都精力充沛,准备开始新的一天吗?现在分词在此作伴随状语,与句子的主语存在逻辑上的主谓关系。
16. (2011o天津卷oT7)Passengers are permitted
only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.
A. to carry
B. carrying
C. to be carried
D. being carried
【解析】 选A。考查非谓语动词,句意:乘客们允许带一个手提行李上飞机。根据permit sb. to do sth. 意思是允许某人做某事,其被动形式为sb. be permitted to do sth. 故选A。
17. (2011o天津卷oT12)into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.
A. Translating
B. Translated
C. To translate
D. Having translated
【解析】 选B。考查非谓语动词,句意:句子被翻译成英语,会有一个完全不同的词序。A项为现在分词,表主动;B项为过去分词,表被动,其逻辑主语为the sentence;C项为动词不定式,表将来;D项为现在分词的完成时,表主动,动作先于主句的动作发生。根据题干的意思,表被动,所以选B。
18. (2011o上海卷o
T27)It’s no use
without taking action.
A. complain
B. complaining
C. being complained
D. to be complained
【解析】选B。考查非谓语动词。句意:光抱怨而不采取任何行动是没用的。根据固定句型It’s no use doing sth.“做某事没有意义”可知选B。
19. (2011o上海卷o
T32)The rare fish, from the cooking pot, has been returned to the sea.
C. to be saved
D. having saved
【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词。句意:被从烹饪锅中救起的稀有鱼已经被放回大海。save与fish之间是动宾关系,由句意可知the rare fish被救起发生在过去,故要用save的过去分词saved表示被动完成的含义,选A。saving是现在分词,表示现在主动进行;to be saved表示将来被动;having saved表示主动完成,BC、D三项均与语境。
20. (2011o上海卷o T33)At one point I made up my mind to talk to Uncle Sam. Then I changed my mind
that he could do nothing to help.
A. to realize
B. realized
C. realizing
D. being realized
【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。句意:我一度下定决心和山姆叔叔交谈。然后,当意识到他不能帮忙时,我改变了主意。I 与realize之间是主动关系,因此要用realizing表示主动关系,故选C。
21. (2011o上海卷o T40)Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing… but we seem ________ the art of communicating face-to-face.
B. to be losing
C. to be lost
D. having lost
【解析】选B。考查非谓语动词。句意:今天我们拥有聊天室、手机短信、电子邮件……但是我们似乎正在失去面对面交流的技巧。由seem to do sth.可知答案在B、C两项中选择,又根据句意可知空白处要用表示动作的动词,故选B。
22. (2011o江苏卷o T31)Recently a survey _______ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.
A. compared
B. comparing
C. compares
D. being compared
【解析】选B。考查非谓语动词,句意:最近一项调查比较了两个不同超市中相同商品的价格,这在市民中间引起了激烈的辩论。分析句子结构可知主语a survey之后,谓语动词has caused之前的部分作定语修饰主语,且从句意上存在主谓关系,故选B项。A项表示被动,D项表示正在进行的被动,C项为谓语形式,都可排除。
23. (2011o全国卷IIo T15)The island, _________ to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.
A. joining
B. to join
D. having joined
【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。句意:这座岛屿,通过桥连接到了大陆,现在很容易到达。join和逻辑主语the island是动宾关系,故使用过去分词joined,答案为C。
24. (2011o全国卷IIo T18) Sarah pretended to be cheerful, nothing about the argument.
【解析】选D。考查非谓语动词。句意:萨拉假装很高兴,关于争论什么也没说。say和逻辑主语Sarah之间是主谓关系,故使用现在分词saying,答案为D。
2. (2011o重庆卷o T29)More TV programs, according to government officials, will be produced
people’s concern over food safety.
A. to raise
B. raising
C. to have raised
D. having raised
【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词。句意:据政府官员说,还要制作更多的电视节目以提高对食品安全的关注。空格部分为不定式短语作目的状语,C项为不定式的完成时,表示动作发生在谓语动词之前,与句意不符,故选A。
2. (2011o安徽卷oT30)Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier
into small pieces.
B. breaking
D. to break
【解析】选D。考查非谓语动词。句意:汤姆问糖果制造商他们能否把巧克力制作更易弄碎。该句中的形容词easier为宾语补足语,相当于表语的作用,其后应该使用不定式结构,类似于It is + adj. + to do…结构,故选择D项。
2. (2011o福建卷o T23)Tsinghua University, in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
B. founding
C. founded
D. to be founded
【解析】选C。考查非谓语动词。句意:建立于1911年的清华大学是成就大量杰出人物的所在地。Tsinghua University(清华大学)和found(建立)之间是被动关系,故用过去分词作后置定语,选C。
2. (2011o福建卷oT27)The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad2 more comfortable.
B. holding
C. be held
D. to hold
【解析】选D。考查不定式作状语。句意:与早期的版本相比,厚度和重量上的不同使得iPad2拿起来更舒服。在“make+宾语+形容词作宾补”构成的复合结构中,后面可用不定式作状语。如:We found the house very comfortable to live in. 我们发现这房子住起来很舒服。
. (2011o北京卷o T25)It’s important for the figures
regularly.
A. to be updated
B. to have been updated
C. to update
D. to have updated
【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词作主语。句意:定时更新这些数据是很重要的。figures 与update为动宾关系,故用被动结构,排除选项C和D。定期(regularly)更新为一般式动作,而不是先于某个动作或时间发生,故不用不定式的完成时,排除B,故答案为A项。
30. (2011o北京卷o T33)Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired,
________ on you feet.
A. to keep
B. keeping
C. having kept
D. to have kept
【解析】选B。考查非谓语动词作状语。句意:爱玛,坐下!老站着,那样只会让你更累。根据语境该空需用现在分词短语作伴随状语,故答案为B项。不定式短语作状语时一般目的状语或结果状语。
名词性从句
1.(2011o四川卷o T10)Our teachers always tell us to believe in
we do and who we are if we want to succeed.
【解析】选C考查宾语从句。句意:老师总是告诉我们,如果想要成功,就要相信我们所做的事情以及我们是谁。believe in 之后是两个并列的宾语从句,在第一个从句里,动词do 缺少宾语,所以用what 。故选C.
2.(2011o山东卷oT26)I’m afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is _____ he never finishes anything.
【解析】选D。恐怕他在很大程度上是一个空谈的人而不是一个实事的人,这就是他一事无成的原因。根据句子语法结构,why在句中用来引导表语从句。其他连词与句子语意不符。
3.(2011o山东卷oT33)We’ve offered her the job, but I don’t know _____ she’ll accept it.
C. whether
【解析】选C。考查名词性从句。句意:我们已经为她提供了这份工作,但我不知道她是否会接受。选项中whether引导宾语从句表示是否where表示地点;what往往在名词性从句中指“……的人或物”;which表示“哪一个”。
4.(2011o江西卷o T26)The villagers have already known
we’ll do is to rebuild the bridge.
A.this B.that C.what D.which
【解析】选C。考查名词性从句。句意:村民们已经知道我们将要做的事情是重建这座桥。后面的宾语从句的主语从句中缺少语且指物,所以选择what。
5.(2011o辽宁卷o T23)Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach
to read fast.
【解析】选C。考查宾语从句的引导词句意:二十名学生想参加旨在教授如何快速阅读的课程。what什么;who谁;how如何,符合句意;why为什么。
6.(2011o辽宁卷o T32)When the news came
the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army.
D. because
【解析】 选C。考查同位语从句句意:当战争爆发的消息传来时,他决定到军队中服役。空格后the war broke out为news的内容,构成了同位语从句,而且从句中什么成分也不缺,要用that来引导,that不能省略。since自从,既然;which哪一个;because因为,引导原因状语从句。
7.(2011o陕西卷oT15)I’d like to start my own business—that’s
I’d do if I had the money.
【解析】选D。考查名词性从句。句意:如果我有这么多钱,我会自己做买卖,那就是我想做的事情。句中what在表语从句中充当宾语。what I’d do意为“我所愿意做的事情”。
8.(2011o湖南卷o T31)Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious _____ the problem itself is.
【解析】选A。考查名词性从句。句意:在解决问题之前必须弄清楚问题本身是什么。what引导主语从句,并在主语从句中充当表语。注:句中的it是形式主语。
9.(2011o天津卷oT13)Modern science has given clear evidence ______ smoking can lead to many diseases.
【解析】选C。考查名词性从句句意:现代科学已给出了明显的证据,吸烟会导致许多疾病。moking can lead to many diseases是evidence的内容,evidence在此句中不成分,此句是个完整的句子,不缺成分,是同位语从句。所以选引导词that。hat, which和where需要在句子中成分。
10. (2011o上海卷o T35)There is clear evidence
the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.
【解析】选D。考查同位语从句和引导词。句意:有清晰的证据证明最难诠释的感情是身体上的疼痛。分析句子结构可知the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain作evidence的同位语,因此引导词要用that,that在同位语从句中不作成分,但不能省略,故选D。
11. (2011o上海卷o T38)The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of
others actually understand.
【解析】选D。考查名词性从句。句意:你想用言语表达的信息或许与其他人实际上理解的内容恰恰相反。why引导定语从句或宾语从句;that引导宾语从句同位语从句表语从句定语从句或主语从句,但在主语从句中不作成分;which引导定语从句或宾语从句;what引导名词性从句,在从句中作主语或宾语,可以理解为“……的人、事物等”,由句意可知选D。
12. (2011o江苏卷o T26)It was never clear _______ the man hadn’t reported the accident sooner.
【解析】选D。考查主语从句句意:这个人为什么没有尽快报告这个事故,还不清楚。根据句意可知主语从句中缺少原因状语,故用why。that引导主语从句不作句子成分;how作方式状语;when作时间状语。
13. (2011o重庆卷o T22)It is still under discussion ________ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.
A. whether
【解析】选 A。考查名词性从句。句意:旧汽车站是否应该被重建为现代化的宾馆仍然在商讨中。引导名词性从句时,A项意为“是否”,并且能与or not连用;B项意为“……的时间”;C项意“哪一个,哪一些”;D项意为“……的地点”。此句中,it为形式主语,后面为真正的主语从句,由句意以及后面的or not可知选A。
14. (2011o重庆卷o T34)It is not always easy for the public to see
use a new invention can be of to human life.
【解析】选B。考查名词性从句。句意:对于公众来说,要想知道一项新的发明对人的生活有什么用处并不总是一件容易的事。此句中,it为形式主语,to see _____ use a new invention can be of to human life是真正的主语,其中_____ use a new invention can be of to human life是see的宾语从句,其正常语序为a new invention can be of _____ use to human life引导宾语从句时,whose +n.表示“谁的”;what +n.表示“什么”;which +n.表示“哪个、哪些”;that后面不能接名词。由此可以看出该空填what,what use“什么用处”,故选B。
15 (2011o安徽卷oT33)His writing is so confusing that it’s difficult to make out it is he is trying to express.
【解析】选 D。考查名词性从句。句意:他的笔迹非常混乱,很难弄清他想表达什么意思。,空在宾语从句中作express的宾语,表示事物,故选择D项。that在宾语从句中不作句子成分;how作方式状语;who作主语,指人。只有what可用作宾语并且指事物。
16. (2011o北京卷o T22)Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.
【解析】 选B。考查名词性从句中的主语从句。句意:芭芭拉o琼斯提供给她的狂热仰慕者的是诚实和快乐。offer sth. to sb. 给某人提供某物,由此可知从句中offer后面缺少宾语,应用what来作宾语并引导从句,故选B。
17. (2011o北京卷o T31)The shocking news made me realize
terrible problems we would face.
【解析】 选A。考查宾语从句。句意:这令人震惊的消息使}

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