Venice gondolier sun ( February 14, 2010 )当前位置： >>
【名师导学系列】2013年高考英语人教版第一轮精品复习学案学生版【必修四】
【名师导学系列】 2013 年高考英语人教版第一轮精品复习学 案【必修四】Unit 1一、语言要点 I 单元要点预览 词语 辨析 1. campaign / war / battle 1. connect vt.连接；联系； 接通电话 vi.连接，衔接 2. argue vt.&vi.讨论；辩论 3. crowd n. 人群，群众； v. 聚集；挤满；挤，推 4. inspire vt. 鼓舞；激发； 启示 5. considerate adj.体贴的， 体谅的 6. deliver vt.递送(邮件)， 接 生；生(小孩)；发表(演说) 2.worth / worthy / worthwhile connection n.联系，关 系；连接 argument n.[c]争论； 争 辩； crowded adj.充(拥)满 了的，拥挤的 inspiration n. 鼓舞； 灵 感 consideration n.考虑， 要考虑的事；体贴 delivery n.[c,u]投递； 演讲 inspired adj.受灵感启示 的 inspiring adj.鼓舞人 心的 considerable adj.相当大 (或多)的 deliverer 递送者 3. argue / debateGreat women and their achievements词形 变化词 汇 部 分重点 单词1. achievement n.[C]成就，功绩 2. behave vt.&vi. 举动；(举止或行为)表现 3. observe vt. 观察；观测；遵守 4. respect vt.&n. 尊敬；尊重；重视 5. argue vt.&vi. 讨论；辩论；争论 6. support vt.&n. 支持；拥护；支撑；赡养；给予帮助p 同情等的人 7. intend vt. 计划；打算 8. deliver vt. 接生(小孩)，递送，发表(演说) 1. look down upon / on 蔑视；瞧不起 2. refer to 谈到；查阅；参考；查询；提及；指……而言 3. come across (偶然) 遇见；碰见 4. carry on 继续；坚持 5. live/lead a... life 过着……的生活 1. Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day. 2. Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. 3. She also worked hard to make as many countries as possible agree not to use them. 主谓一致（见语法部分）重点 词组重点句子重点语法 II 词语辨析1. campaign / war / battle第 1 页 共 49 页【解释】 war “战争”的总称，一般包括多个战役的大规模战争。 battle “战斗”，指有组织的武装部队之间的战斗，有持续几小时的，也有持续几天的。 campaign“战役”， 指在某一地区所进行的一连串有固定目的的军事行动， 规模比 battle 大； 还用来表“政治或商业性的活动、竞选活动”campaign for/against 从事运动 【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。 1). They won the _______ but lost the _______. 2). The city hall is planning to start a _______ against smoking. 2. worth / worthy / worthwhile 【解释】 worth 只能作表语， 其后接钱数、 名词或及物动词的动名词的主动一般形式: be worth doing worthy 可作表语， 后接 of+名词/of+动名词的被动形式/不定式的被动形式: be worthy of + n. / of being done / to be done 也作定语，“值得……的”，“有价值的”：a worthy winner 名副其实的赢家 worthwhile 可作表语和定语: a worthwhile job 值得做的工作 it is worthwhile to do/doing 【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。 1). The necklace was ______ 100 francs at most. 2). It’ s ______ to discuss the question again. 3). You would find it ______ your while to come to the meeting. 4). Can’ t you find something ______ doing at all? The book is _______ _______ _______ (很 值得读) a second time. 5). This place of interest is worthy _______ _______ _______ / _______ _______ ______ /_______ _______ _______ (参观). 3. argue / debate 【解释】 argue 指某人坚持自己的主张，举出事实和理由说服某人或反对其他方面的意见。 debate 指辩论者长在自己的立场公开争论一个问题。 【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。 1). We ______ with her ______ how to go there. 2). They ______ the case for hours. 3). They ______ the question openly. 4). Last week, our class had a ______ over whether middle school students should carry cell phones at school. III 词性变化 1. connect vt.连接；联系； 接通电话 vi.连接，衔接 2. argue vt.&vi.讨论；辩论 3. crowd n. 人群，群众； v. 聚集；挤满；挤，推 connection n.联系，关 系；连接 argument n.[c]争论；争辩； crowded adj.充(拥)满了的，拥 挤的 inspired adj.受灵感启示的 inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的 considerable adj.相当大(或多) 的4. inspire vt. 鼓舞；激发； inspiration n. 鼓舞；灵感 启示 5. considerate adj.体贴的， 体谅的 consideration n.考虑， 要考虑的 事；体贴第 2 页 共 49 页6. deliver vt.递送(邮件)， 接 生； 生(小孩)； 发表(演说)delivery n.[c,u]投递；演讲deliverer 递送者【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。 1). It was ________ (consideration) of you not to play the piano while I was asleep. 2). The good news _______ (inspire) us with hope. 3). The children had an _______ (argue) about what game to play. 4). Please pay on ________ (deliver). 5). Taking everything into ________ (consider), the event was a great success. 6). The narrow roads were ________ (crowd) with holiday traffic. 7). What is the _______ (connect) between the two ideas? IV 重点词汇 1. behave vt.&vi. 举动；(举止或行为)表现 behavio(u)r n. 行为；举止；习惯 [典例] 1). B don’ t make a fool of yourself. 注意你的举止, 别闹出笑话来。 2). How is your new car behaving? 你的新车性能如何？ [重点用法] behave oneself 使某人自己举止规矩 behaviour towards/to... 对……的态度/行 为 [练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。 1). It’ s hard to train children to _______ _______ (举止得体) at the table. 2). She is always _______ _______ (举止得体) at school. 3). Their _______ (behave) _______ (介词) me shows that they do not like me. 2. achievement n.[c]成就，功绩 achieve vt. 取得，完成 [典例] 1). He received the Nobel Prize for his scientific achievements. 他因科学上取得的成就而获得 诺贝尔奖。 2). Flying across the Atlantic for the first time was a great achievement. 首次飞越大西洋是一个 伟大的功绩。 [重点用法] achieve an aim / goal 达到目标 achieve success 获得成功 [练习] 根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。 1). Without the support of the people we can _______ _______. 2). I have achieved only half of _______ I hope to do. 3). Congratulations to you (介词) _______ such a complete victory. 3. observe vt. 观察；观测；遵守 observation n.[u] 观察；观测；监视 [典例] 1). The police observed the man entering/enter the bank. 警方监视着那男子进入银行的情况。 2). The woman was observed to follow him closely. 有人看到那女子紧跟着他。 [重点用法] observe sb. do sth. 观察某人做某事(已做完) observe sb. doing sth. 观察某人正在做某 事 under observation 被监视 [练习] 用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空或翻译。 1). They were observed ______ (enter) the bank then.第 3 页 共 49 页2). Keynes _______ _______ (观察到) humans fall into two classes. 4. respect vt.&n. 尊敬；尊重；重视 [典例] 1). If you don’ t respect yourself, how can you expect others to respect you? 自己不自重, 又怎 能受到别人尊重呢? 2). I have the greatest respect for you. 我非常尊敬您。 [重点用法] respect sb. for sth. 因某事而尊敬某人 have / show respect for sb./sth. 尊敬 某人/事 gain/get/earn/win the respect of sb. 赢得某人的尊敬 out of respect 出于尊敬 [练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。 1). The new officer soon ________ (赢得) the respect of his men. 2). I ________ you ________ (因某事而尊敬) your honesty. 3). I have great respect _______ (介词) his ideas, although I don’ t agree with them. 5. argue vt.&vi. 讨论；辩论；争论 argument n.[c]争论；争辩；争吵 [典例] 1). Don’ t argue with your mother. 不要和母亲争辩。 2). I argued that we needed a larger office. 我据理力争我们需要大些的办公室。 [重点用法] argue for (sb./sth.)为(某人/某事)而辩护 argue against (sb./sth.) 反对某人 /某事)而辩护 argue with sb. ( about/over sth.) 与某人(为某事)而争吵 argue that... 主张…… argue sb. into/out of doing sth. 通过争论使某人做/不做某事 have an argument about/over sth. 辩论某事 [练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介词或翻译。 1). We ______ ______ ______ ______ (说服她加入) us. 2). We argued _______ the waiter _______ the price ______ the meal. 6. support vt.&n. 支持；拥护；支撑；赡养；给予帮助p 同情等的人 [典例] 1). Is this bridge strong enough to support heavy lorries? 这座桥禁得住重型卡车通行吗? 2). He was weak with hunger, so I had to support him. 他饿得没有力气, 我得搀着他。 [重点用法] support sb./ a family 支持某人/ 赡养家庭 support sb. in (doing) sth. 在（做）某事方 面支持某人 support sb. by (doing) sth. 通过做某事支持某人 in support of sb/sth 支持或支援某人/事物 support oneself 自力更生 give support to sb. 支持、支援某人 [练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。 1). Will you support me _______ (介词) my campaign for election? 2). Jim was a great support _______ (介词) them when their father died. 3). 我求学期间由父母供养。 ___________________________________________________________________________ 7. intend vt. 计划；打算 intention n. 意图，意向，目的 [典例] 1). I hear they intend to marry/intend marrying. 听说他们要结婚了。第 4 页 共 49 页2). I intend you to take over. 我打算让你来接管。 [重点用法] intend to do/doing sth. = mean to do sth. 打算做某 sth. be intended for (某物)是为而准 备的 intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事 intend sth. as/to be 打 算 让 某 物 作……用 intend that... 打算…… [练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。 1). This book is ______ ______ ______ (是为初学者写的). 2). Was that remark intended _______ (介词) a joke? 3). I didn’ t intend her ______ (see) the painting until it was finished. 8. deliver vt.接生(小孩)，递送，发表(演说) delivery n. 投递 deliverer 递送者，交货人 [典例] 1). The baby was delivered in a clinic. 孩子是在一个医疗站接生的。 2). Comrade Yang delivered the opening speech. 杨同志致开幕词。 [重点用法] deliver a baby 接生小孩；生小孩 delivere sth. to ...... 把某物送到…… express delivery 快递 on delivery 送达时，货到时 [练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。 1). Some new books have ______ (deliver) ______ (介词) the schoo1. 2). The actor _______ his speech _______ (介词) a soft voice. V 重点词组 1. look down upon/on 蔑视；瞧不起 [典例] 1). She looks down on people who've never been to university. 她瞧不起没上过大学的人。 2). You can’ t look down upon a person because he is poor. 你不能因为某个人穷而瞧不起他。 [重点用法] look 短语： look on sb./ sth. as = consider sb./ sth. as 把某人看作 look on 袖手旁观 look into sth. 调查或观察某事物 look up 查阅(单词、资料)；向上看 look (sb.) up and down 上下打量(某人) look out for sb/sth 警惕或留心某人/ 物 [练习] 根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。 1). He was ______ ______ ______ (被人看不起) because of his humble background. 2). He is ______ ______ _______ (被认为是) the leading authority on the subject. 3). If you want to know how a word is used, ______it ______ in a dictionary. 2. refer to 谈到；查阅；参考；查询；提及；指……而言 [典例] 1). We agreed never to refer to the matter again. 我们同意不再谈这件事了。 2). She thought I was referring to her daughter when we were talking. 当我们谈话时她以为我指 的是她的女儿。 [重点用法] refer to sb./sth. as 把某人/物称作 refer sth./sb. to 把某事提交；让某人 向……求助 [练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。第 5 页 共 49 页1). Although she didn’ t mention any names, everyone knew who she was ______ ______(指). 2). He gave the speech _______ _______ _______ (没有参阅) his notes. 3). He likes to _______ _______ _______ _______ (被称为) “Doctor Khee”. 4). My doctor referred me _______ (介词) a hospital specialist. 3. come across = run across = meet by chance (偶然) 遇见；碰见 [典例] 1). I came across an old school friend in Oxford Street this morning. 今天早上我在牛津大街碰 见一位老校友。 2). She came across some old photographs in a drawer. 她在抽屉里偶然发现一些旧照片。 [短语归纳] come 短语： come about = happen 发生 come out 出现；开花；出版或发表；透露；显出 come up with sth 找到或提出（答案p办法等） [练习] 用 come 短语的适当形式填空。 1). I _______ _______ some new words while reading. 2). His new book will _______ _______ next month. come from 来自 come up 升起；发生；出现3). She _______ _______ _______ a new idea for increasing sales. 4). Can you tell me how the accident _______ _______? 5). How did it _______ _______ that he knew where we were? 4. carry on 继续；坚持 [典例] 1). Carry on (working/with your work) while I'm away. 我不在的时候, 要继续做工作。 2). They decided to carry on in spite of the weather. 他们决定不管天气好坏都坚持。 [短语归纳] carry 短语： carry on (doing sth/with sth.) 继续(做)某事 carry out 贯彻，执行 carry out a plan/orders/instructions 执行计划/命令/指示 carry sth through 成功地完成某 事物 carry about 随身携带 carry away 运走, 使失去自制力 [练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或 carry 短语。 1). They decided to _______ _______ in spite of the weather. 2). Extensive tests have _______ _______ _______ on the patient. 3). It is a difficult job but she’ s the person to carry it _______. 4). Don’ t blame me. I’ m only _______ _______ my orders. 5. live/lead a... life 过着……的生活 [典例] They live a peaceful life. 他们过着平静的生活。 [短语归纳] “v. + 同源宾语”结构： smile a... smile 露出……微笑 dream a... dream 做了个……的梦 sleep a... sleep 睡个……觉 sing a... song 唱……的歌 die a... death ……怎样地死去 fight a... battle 打……的仗 laugh a... laugh 发出……方式的笑声 [练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。 1). We are living happily. = We are living _______ _______ _______. 2). _______ _______ _______ _______ (多么艰辛的生活) they lived!第 6 页 共 49 页3). I _______ _______ _______ _______ (做了个美梦) last night. VI 重点句子 1. Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day.() [解释] 动名词做主语的用法： 动名词做主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作(在口语中也可以表示具体的动作)。如： Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 / Helping her is my duty. 帮助她是我的责任。 动名词作主语时，句子有两种形式： ①动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。如： 1). Playing tricks on others is something we should never do. 捉弄别人是我们万万不能干 的。 2). Talking is easier than doing. 说比做容易。 ②用 it 作形式主语，把真正的主语――动名词结构移置句尾。但这种句子形式有一定 的限制， 作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词， It is useless/worth/no good/no use/no 如: sense doing sth.等，如： 1). It is useless trying to argue with Shylock. 和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。 2). It’ s no sense arguing with her. 和她争吵没有意思。 动名词短语作主语时的谓语动词用单数形式： Learning new words is very important for me. 学习新单词对我来说非常重要。 [练习] 用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。 1). Talking _______ (mend) no holes. 2). _______ (walk) is a good form of exercise for both young and old. 3). Is it any good _______ (try) to explain? 2. Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. 她母亲头几个月来帮过她的忙，这才使她得以考虑自己的计划。 [解释] 以“only+状语(通常是副词、介词短语或从句)”开头的句子要用部分倒装，即将 助动词或连系动词置于主语之前，如： 1). Only after my friend came was the computer repaired. 只有在我的朋友来后电脑才修好。 2). Only when you pointed it out for me did I realize that I was wrong. 只有当你帮我指出来了 我才意识到我错了。 注意：如果以“only+主语”开头的句子不用倒装，如： 1). Only we can help ourselves. 只有我们能帮自己。 2). Only Tom failed in the exam. 只有汤姆考试不及格。 [练习] 用倒装句型翻译句子。 1). 只有用这种方法我们才能把英语学得更好。 ____________________________________________________________________________ ___ 2). 只有当你看了说明后你才知道怎么使用这台机器。 ____________________________________________________________________________ ___ 3. She also worked hard to make as many countries as possible agree not to use them. 她努力劝 说尽可能多的国家同意不使用它们（地雷） 。 [解释] as...as possible = as... as one can “尽可能”， 第一个 as 可接 adj./adv. 或 many/few + n.(pl.) 或 much/little + n.[u]，如： 1). Be as kind to her as possible / you can. 对她尽可能和蔼些。第 7 页 共 49 页2). Do your homework as carefully as possible / you can. 做作业尽可能地细心。 3). Read as many useful books as possible / you can. 看尽可能多的书。 [练习] 翻译句子。 1). 在写作中，你应该尽量少犯错误。 ____________________________________________________________________________ ______ 2). 为了养活一大家人，他卖力工作尽力多挣钱。 ____________________________________________________________________________ ______ 二、课文要点 1 课文词汇等填空 根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法： Jane Goodall, 1 had intended to work with animals in their own 2 （环境） since her childhood, went to Africa and devoted herself to 3 （study）the behavior of chimps. It was tough but she considered it as a 4 （有价值的）career. Through her study, we learned much more about chimps. She argued that the life of these animals should 5 （respect）and they should be left in the wild and not used 6 entertainment. Besides, she was very 7 （consider）of these animals. Now, she has 8 （实现） every thing she wanted to do, which 9 （激励）those who want to cheer the 10 （成就）of women. 2 课文大意概括 阅读课文，试着用 30 来个单词概括课文大意或翻译下面短文。 这一篇文章给我们介绍了黑猩猩家庭， 这使我们认识到， 黑猩猩家族的关联就像人类的 家庭那么坚固。Jane Goodall 的努力，以及她关于保护黑猩猩的观点使她取得了不少成就。 This passage introduces _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________ 3 课文佳句背诵与仿写 1.【原句】Following Jane’s way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest. 跟着简研究黑猩猩的路线，我们团队都去森林中探望他们。 [模仿要点] 句子结构 现在分词，+主句 【模仿 1】听取老师的意见，我在英语学习上取得了快速进步。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 【模仿 2】按照指南，你一定会解决这问题。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 2 【原句】Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. 只有在她的母亲来帮助她的头几个月，才让她开始她的计划。 [模仿要点] 句子结构：Only +状语（主句要倒装） 【模仿 1】只有当您不遗余力你能取得重大进展。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 【模仿 2】只有当我们认识到我们生活环境的重要性，我们才能意识到保护环境就是保护我 们的家。第 8 页 共 49 页_______________________________________________________________________________【单词（短语）检测】 Unit 1 Women of achievement 一、请根据各句上下文的意义，选择正确的单词填入空白处。 第一组：medical, communication, welfare, behave, nest, achieve, rate, explain, condition, worthwhile 1 The heavy snow prevented _________ with the outside world for three days. 2 I hope my kids will _________ themselves while I am away. 3 Only by working hard can you _________ you goal in time. 4 The reason Peter _______ to us for his lateness was unreasonable. 5 It cost me a lot to travel around the world, but it was really ________, for it broadened my views. 6 That secondhand car in perfect ________ went well. 7 Most people walk at an average ________ of 5 kilometers an hour. 8 Birds often make their _________ in trees. 9 They would rather work than live on _________. 10 She attended a _________ school before becoming a physician. 第二组：specialist, observe, strike, institute, inspire, kindness, modest, respect, organization, connection, entertainment, consideration, deliver, campaign, argue 11 The police _________a man in black entering the bank. 12 My brother graduated from a university and was assigned to work at a research _________. 13 I can never repay (报答) your many ________ to me. 14 We should care for the young and ________ the elderly. 15 A man was arrested in ________ with the murder of the teenager. 16 We will surely take this matter into __________ at tomorrow’s meeting. 17 The young couple are always _________ with each other about money. 18 Yesterday the police began a _________ to stop taking drugs.第 9 页 共 49 页19 She was __________ of a healthy boy weighing 3 kilogrammes. 20 After work I relax myself by watching TV, listening to radio or taking part in other forms of _________. 21 The World Trade _________ was established in January, 1995. 22 She was very _________ about her success. 23 His paintings were clearly _________ by Monet’s works. 24 Those workers went on _________ for higher wages. 25 He is a _______ in Japanese history, so just turn to him if any question. 二、把下列短语填入每个句子的空白处（注意所填短语的形式变化）： devote…to look down upon care for be intended for concern oneself with argue for 1 This chair ________ you but she took it away. 2 Nowadays children ________ too much time _______ playing computer games. 3 The lawyer decided to ________ that poor man. 4 Although poor they should not _________. 5 She moved back home to ________ her elderly parents. 6 He ________ how the speaker set out his ideas in his report.三、单元自测 1 完形填空 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从 21―30 各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中，选出最 佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 词数：221 完成时间： 分钟 难度：*** 14 I consider myself something of an expert on apologies. A quick temper has provided me with plenty of opportunities to make them. In one of my earliest 21 , my mother is telling me, &Don't watch the 22 when you say, “I'm sorry”.Hold your head up and look at the person in the 23 , so he'll know you mean it.& My mother thus made the key point of a successful apology: it must be direct. You must never 24 to be doing something else. You do not look through a pile of letters while apologizing to a person 25 in position after blaming him or her for a mistake that turned out to be your fault. You do not apologize to a hostess, whose guest of honor you treat 26 , by sending, flowers the next day without mentioning your bad manners. One of the important things you should do for an effective apology is readiness to 27 the responsibility for our careless mistakes. We are used to making excuses, which leaves no 28 for the other person to forgive us. Since most people are open-hearted, the no-excuse apology第 10 页 共 49 页leaves both parties feeling 29 about themselves. That, after all, is the purpose of every apology. It 30 little whether the apologizer is wholly or only partly at fault: answering for one's actions encourages others to take their share of the blame. 21. A. dreams B. courses C. memories D. ideas 22. A. side B. ground C. wall D. bottom 23. A. mind B. soul C. face D. eye 24. A. pretend B. forget C. refuse D. expect 25. A. poorer B. weaker C. worse D. lower 26. A. cruelly B. freely C. roughly D. foolishly 27. A. raise B. perform C. admit D. bear 28. A. situation B. need C. sign D. room 29. A. wiser B. warmer C. better D. cleverer 30. A. cares B. matters C. depends D. remains 2. 语法填空 阅读下面短文， 按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求， 在空格处填入一个适当的词或 使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为 31-40 的相应位置上。 词数：180 完成时间：9 分钟 难度：*** Mr Vincent was tired of living in the big city where he worked. He wanted to move to the country and 31 (live) in a house from which he could get to his office in the city early every day. He was looking for a house 32 he saw an ad in a newspaper one day. The ad said that a suitable house in a quiet area was up for sale at a 33 (reason) price, and the house was 34 a stone's throw of a railway station 35 which there were frequent trains to the big city. &That's exactly 36 I need.& Mr. Vincent said to 37 . So he called the house agency and arranged to go down by train 38 next day to have a look at the house. The house agency met him at the station and they started walking. 39 took them at least 15 minutes to get to the house. 40 they reached, Mr. Vincent said angrily, &I should be very interested to meet the man who threw the stone you mentioned in the newspaper.& 3.阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该 项涂黑。 词数：315 完成时间：7 分钟 难度：*** Washington: A research conducted at the University of Maryland looks at the numerous complex reasons as to why young children decide to include or exclude (排斥) other kids from their group of friends. It suggests that the kids' decision-making process is much more complex than previously believed. &They take into account group information, ranging from cliques (小圈子) and networks, when deciding what makes a group work well. Sometimes kids are excluded because they lack social skills, but a lot of time it has nothing to do with that. Instead it has to do with what we refer to as 'group membership' such as gender, race, nation, and culture,& says Professor Melanie Killen, the Associate Director of the Centre for Children Relationships and Culture at Maryland, who led the 4-year project. Reporting their findings in the journal, the researcher said whatever was the reason, individuals who experienced pervasive (普遍的) long-term exclusion from the group of friends第 11 页 共 49 页suffered from depression, anxiety and loneliness. The study looked at two models to define how children make decisions regarding acceptance of other kids in their group -- the individual social deficit model and the inter-group social cognition (认同) model. While the former says that children's rejection occurs due to social deficits like shyness, wariness or fearfulness, the latter says that it happens because of group dynamics, prejudice and exclusion. It was also found that the age of children was also a factor that influenced their decisions regarding other kids' acceptance as friends. &With age, kids become more aware of group dynamics, conventions, customs, and rituals. With this comes a greater concern about group functioning, which can lead to exclusion which can be negative from a social justice viewpoint,& says Killen. The researcher believes that her study may have many benefits, as it could provide insights into how to help when children are rejected by their peers. 41. While making friends, kids think more about the following EXCEPT _________. A. social skills B. culture C. race D. gender 42. The underlined word &deficit& in Paragraph 5 may mean “_________”. A. skill B. relationship C. weakness D. experience 43. One of the major purposes of the research is to _________. A. tell the reader how to tell inclusion from exclusion B. remind children to be careful while making friends C. seek ways to help kids excluded by their peers D. stop the children belonging to the inter-group social cognition model 44. While making friends, children exclude those of social deficit model to _________. A. keep their groups purer B. make their groups more socially powerful C. refuse other customs and cultures D. prove their groups to be strict 45. The proper title for this passage is _________. A. Techniques of making friends B. Social communication among kids C. Making friends -- a special culture D. Kids' complex way of making friends 4.基础写作(共 1 小题，满分 15 分) 周笔畅宣布退出“超女”演唱会巡演，重返校园。有些学生认为她应该回校读书，有些学 生则不以为然。如果你是她，你会选择退出还是留下?请根据以下表格的内容，以 Wise Choice 为题，为《英语广场》杂志写一篇英语短文。 看法 应该回校读书 理由 1．演出花费太多的时间和精力 2．不能集中精力学习 3．对未来自身的发展不利 1．演出提供了一个展示才华的舞台 2．丰富演出经验，有利于将来的音乐生涯 3．不应使歌迷们失望应该参加演出你的观点可以自由发挥。第 12 页 共 49 页[写作要求] 1．行文应连贯，内容应完整。 2．题目和开头语已经给出。 3．用 5 句话完成。 Wise Choice After the singing competition &Super Girls' Voice&, Zhou Bichang declared that she would quit the &Super Girls& tour and would go back to school studying. Some students think her choice is wise... _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________ [答案] Wise Choice After the singing competition &Super Girls' Voice&, Zhou Bichang declared that she would quit the &Super Girls”tour and would go back to school studying. Some students think her choice is wise, they think the tour takes up too much time and energy. On the other hand, the others think it is unwise for her to quit the tour, they think that the performances offer a wonderful stage for her to show her singing talents in public. Taking part in the tour can also make her gain more musical experience, which will contribute a lot to her future musical career, and, she should not let her fans disappointed. In my opinion, I think that if I were her, I would choose to quit the tour. Anyway, learning at school is more important to one's life experience.Unit 2Working the land一、语言要点 I 单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点） 词 汇 部 分 词语 辨析 词形 变化 1. expand / extend / spread / stretch 2. occupation / job / work / employment / career / profession 1. hunger n.[u] 饥饿；欲望 2. expand v.使变大；伸展 hungry adj. 饥饿的 expansion n.[u,c]扩大； 扩展第 13 页 共 49 页3. satisfy vt. 使某人满意 达到要求；满足需要satisfied adj. 对…… 表示满意 satisfactory/sarisfying adj. 令人满意的 freedom n.自由 equipment n.[u] 装备； 设备 discovery n.被发现的 事物，发现satisfaction n. 满意4. free adj.&adv.自由的(地) 免费的(地) vt. 解放 5. equip vt.&vi. 配备； 装备 6. discover vt.发现，找到discoverer n. 发现者重点 单词重点 词组1. struggle vi.&n.斗争；拼搏；努力 2. equip vt.&vi. 配备；装备 3. regret (regretted) vt. (对……)遗憾；惋惜 n.[c,u] 遗憾；惋惜 4. reduce vt.&vi. 减少；减缩 5. focus vt.&vi. 集中(注意力)；聚焦 n.[c,u] 焦点；中心点 6. comment vi.&vt. 表达意见；作出评论 n.[c,u] 评论；议论 1. thanks to 幸亏；由于；因为 (有时作反语) 2. rid sb./sth. of 使某人某物摆脱 3. be satisfied with 对……表示满足或满意 4. would rather 宁愿…… 5. build up 逐渐建立；逐渐增强体质；积累；开发 6. lead to 导致；造成（后果） ；通往 7. keep...free from/of 使……免受(影响/伤害)；使……不含(有害物) 1. In 1974, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output. 2. This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields. V-ing 的基本用法（见语法部分）重点句子重点语法II 词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料) 1. expand / extend / spread / stretch 【解释】 expand 指向四面八方的扩大扩张 extend 强调向某一方向的延长 spread 指消息，疾病，瘟疫等的传播、蔓延，也指把某物铺开，把胳膊张开 stretch 指手掌，手臂，腰，腿，颈由曲变直，由短变长的伸展或伸出，多与 out 连用 【练习】用 expand，extend，spread，stretch 的适当形式填空。 1). The man _______ the information around. 2). The empire _______ its country in the 16th century. 3). The road builders worked hard to _______ the high way. 4). She _______ out her hands to meet me. 5). The project will _______ the city’ s telephone network to cover 1000000 users. 2. occupation / job / work / employment / career / profession 【解释】 occupation 指一个人经常担任的工作，不论是否领取工资。第 14 页 共 49 页job 非正式用语，指一份固定的赚钱工作，不论是否需要技术和特殊训练。 work 多用来指工作本身，平常我们每做一件事无论大小，都可以称为 work。 employment 指受雇于他人，领取工资谋生计，并且比较固定的工作。 career 指职业、事业；指某种经过特殊训练而又为之献身的终身事业，带有崇高色彩。 profession 指那些必须受到特殊教育及训练才可胜任，带有专业性质的工作，多为创造性 的脑力劳动。 【练习】用 occupation，job，work，employment，career，profession 的适当形式填空。 1). She has a good ________ in the bank. 2). She is an architect by ________. 3). She abandoned her stage ________. 4). Graduates are finding it more and more difficult to find ________. 5). Please write down your name, ________ and address here in the form. III 词性变化 （旨在提供语法填空所需材料） 1. hunger n.[u] 饥饿；欲望 2. expand v.使变大；伸展 3. satisfy vt. 使某人满意 达到要求；满足需要 4. free adj.&adv.自由的(地) 免费的(地) vt. 解放 5. equip vt.&vi. 配备； 装备 6. discover vt.发现，找到 hungry adj. 饥饿的 expansion n.[u,c]扩大；扩展 satisfied adj. 对……表示满意 satisfactory/sarisfying adj. 令人 满意的 freedom n.自由 equipment n.[u] 装备；设备 discovery n.被发现的事物， 发现 discoverer n. 发现者 satisfaction n. 满意【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。 1). In some poor African areas, many children died of ________ (hungry) every year. 2). The basic needs of the world population should ________ (satisfy) first. 3). The survey found that men got greater ________ (satisfy) from caring for their families than they did from work. 4). The rapid ________ (expand) of cities can cause social and economic problems. 5). We were told to keep all our sports ________ (equip) in the lockers downstairs. 6). The people there enjoy complete ________ (free) of speech. 7). The ________ (discover) of electricity was Franklin. 8). Like many ________ (discover), atomic power can be used for good or evil. IV 重点词汇 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料） 1. struggle vi.&n.斗争；拼搏；努力 [典例] 1). They were struggling to get out the burning car. 他们挣扎着从烧着的车里往外爬。 2). The book is about their struggle for liberation. 这本书写的是他们为解放而作的斗争。 [词语归纳] struggle for 为……而斗争 struggle with / against 与……作斗争 struggle to do sth.努力做某事 straggle to one’ s feet 挣扎着站起来 a life-and-death struggle 生死搏斗 [练习] 按要求填空或翻译。 1). They are ________ (为……而斗争) the position第 15 页 共 49 页2). They struggled all through the years ______ us _______ the Japanese.(介词) 3). The fox struggled ________ (escape). 4). He _______ _______ _______ _______ (挣扎着站起来) and dragged slowly ahead. 2. equip vt.&vi. 配备；装备 equipment n.[u] 装备；设备 [典例] 1). They equipped themselves for the expedition. 他们为远征治装。 2). A good education should equip you for life. 有良好的教育能受用终生。 [重点用法] equip sb./sth. with 用……武装某人；用……装备某物 equip sb./sth. for 为……而武装某人；为……而装备某物 a piece of office equipment 一件办公设备 [练习] 按要求填空或翻译。 1). The soldiers were well _______ _______ (装备好了) weapons. 2). We must equip young teachers _______ _______ _______ (对付) difficult children. 3). This library is equipped _______ (介词) atomic research. 4). Our classroom _______ _______ _______ (装备有) a computer and a tape recorder. 3. regret (regretted) vt. (对……)遗憾；惋惜 n.[c,u] 遗憾；惋惜 [典例] 1). If you go now, you’ ll regret it. 假若你现在就走, 一定得後悔。 2). I regret to say the job has been filled. 十分抱歉, 那个工作已经有人做了。 [重点用法] regret to say/tell/announce/inform 遗憾地说/告诉/宣布/通知 regret doing / having done sth. 后悔已做了某事 regret that 遗憾/后悔… [练习] 用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空或翻译。 1). I now regret _______ (leave) school so young. 2). _______ _______ _______ _______(非常抱歉), I am unable to accept your invitation. 3). I regret _______ (inform) you that your contract will not be renewed. 4. reduce vt.&vi. 减少；减缩 reduction n.缩减，减少，降低 [典例] 1). He reduced his weight from 98 to 92 kilos/by 6 kilos. 他把体重从 98 公斤减少到 92 公斤。 2). The reform has reduced us to servants of the State. 这一改革把我们都降为公务员了。 [重点用法] reduce sth (from...) to... 把某物从……减少到…… reduce sth. by... 减少多少 [练习] 根据句子意思填入正确的介词。 1). We must reduce our expenses ______ 300 yuan a month. 2). Their output has been reduced ______ 10 percent. 3). He reduced his weight ______ 6 kilos. 5. focus vt.&vi. 集中(注意力)；聚焦 n. [c,u] 焦点；中心点 [典例] 1). Focus your camera. 把照相机的焦距调准。 2). Her beauty makes her the focus of attention. 她长得漂亮, 很惹人注目。 [重点用法] focus on 集中于 focus (one’ s attention/mind/efforts) on 集中(注意力/心思/精力)于 [练习] 按要求填空或翻译。第 16 页 共 49 页1). The focus of recent research has been _______ (介词) environmental issues. 2). All eyes _______ _______ (集中于) her. 3). They focused their mind on ______ (do) the experiment. 6.comment vi.&vt. 表达意见；作出评论 n. [c, u] 评论；议论 [典例] 1). The scandal caused a lot of comment. 这件丑闻遭到很多议论。 2). “Will you resign, Minister?” “No comment!”“部长，你是要辞职吗?”“无可奉告。” [重点用法] comment on/about sth./sb. 对某事/某人评论 make comments/no comment on sth./sb. 对某事/某人评论/不进行评论 [练习] 按要求填空或翻译。 1). Have you any comment(s) _______ (make) on the recent developments? 2). Asked about the date of the election, the Prime Minister _______ _______ (发表意见) no decision had yet been made. 3). She was asked about the pay increase but _______ _______ _______ (不进行评论) on it. V 重点词组 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料） 1. thanks to 幸亏；由于；因为 (有时作反语) [典例] 1). Thanks to your help, much trouble was saved. 多亏你的帮助, 减少了许多麻烦。 2). Thanks to the bad weather, the match had been cancelled. 多亏这个倒霉天气, 比赛取消了。 [重点用法] thanks to 相当于 because of /owing to /due to /thanks to /on account of /as a result of 如： 1). He was injured due to /owing to a car accident. 2). His failure is due to the fact that he lacks experience. 3). The train arrived late on account of /as a result of a heavy snow. 4). Thanks to him, I’ m getting better and better . 5). It was thanks to your stupidity that we lost the game . [练习] 翻译句子。 1). 多亏了新的政策，我们现在过着幸福的生活。 ___________________________________________________________________________ 2). 多亏了他的忠告我才得以成功。(用强调句) ___________________________________________________________________________ 3). 由于交通堵塞我迟到了。 ___________________________________________________________________________ 2. rid sb./sth. of... 使某人/某物摆脱…… [典例] 1). Many people are working hard to rid the world of famine. 很多人在努力使世界不再有饥荒。 2). The dentist rid him of the pain by taking out his bad tooth. 牙科医生把他的坏牙拔掉，使他 免除痛苦。 [重点用法] rid 短语： be rid of 摆脱 get rid of 摆脱；除掉；去掉 rid a house of mice 清除室内老鼠 rid oneself of debt 还清债务 [类似用法动词] inform/ warn/ cure sb. of… 通知/警告/治愈某人……第 17 页 共 49 页[练习] 翻译填空。 1). He struggled to _______ _______ _______ (使自己摆脱) his guilt. 2). The proposals are an attempt to _______ _______ _______ (使国家清除) political corruption. 3). He was a boring nuisance! I’ m glad to _______ _______ _______ (摆脱他的纠缠) him. 4). I still can’ t _______ _______ _______ (摆脱) my cold. 5). The sales manager asked his men to _______ _______ _______ (通知) everything concerning the sales in time. 6). The passengers ______ _______ _______ (警告) the danger of unsteady landing. 3. be satisfied with = be content with 对……表示满足或满意 [典例] 1). I was not satisfied with the result. 我对那个结果感到不满意。 2). You’ve done well at school. I’m very satisfied with you. 你在学校干得不错， 我对你很满意。 [重点用法] sth. satisfy sb. 某事使某人满意 sb. is satisfied sth. 对……表示满足或满意 be satisfied to do 对做……感到满意 be satisfied that clause 对做……感到满意 a satisfied smile 满意的微笑 a satisfied customer 感到满意的顾客 feel a sense of satisfaction 感到满足感 to sb’ s / sth’ s satisfaction 使某人满意的是 far from satisfactory 远远不能令人满足 it is satisfying (to do sth) 做某事是令人满意的 a satisfactory explanation / performance 令人满意的解释/演出 get/obtain/derive satisfaction from one’ s work 从自己的工作中得到满足 [练习] 根据句子意思用 satisfy 的适当形式填空。 1). I am not ________ (satisfy) with your work. You must improve it. 2). The result doesn’ t ________ (satisfy) me. 3). What he has done is far from ________ (satisfy). 4). He hung up the phone, ________ (satisfy) with a smile on his face. 5). It can be very ________ (satisfy) to work in the garden. 6). Finance officials expressed ________ (satisfy) with the recovery of the dollar. 4. would rather 宁愿…… [典例] 1). I’ d rather walk than take a bus. 我愿意走路而不愿意坐公共汽车。 2). “Some more wine?” “Thank you, I’ d rather not. I have to drive home.”“再来一点酒好 吗?”“不要了，我不能再喝了。 我还得开车回家呢。” [重点用法] would rather do A (than do B) = would (prefer to) do A (rather than do B) 宁愿做甲事(而不做乙 事) would rather sb. did sth.宁愿某人做某事 [练习] 用所给词的适当形式填空或翻译。 1). I would rather you ________ (know) now, than afterwards. 2). Rather than ________ (ride) on a crowded bus, I prefer ________ (walk). 3). 她宁可死也不愿失去孩子们。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _____ 5. build up 逐渐建立；逐渐增强体质；积累；开发 [典例]第 18 页 共 49 页1). You need more protein to build you up. 你需要增加蛋白质以增强体质。 2). He is now trying to build up a fine reputation. 他正在努力逐步赢得好的声誉。 [练习] 翻译填空。 1). Slowly a thick layer of fat ________ ________ (越聚越多) on the pan’ s surface. 2). Exercise will help ________ ________ (增强) the muscles. 3). They have finally ________ ________ (建立) a big company. 6. lead to 导致；造成（后果） ；通往 [典例] 1). This misprint led to great confusion. 这个印刷错误造成很大的混淆。 2). His actions could lead to him losing his job. 他的行为有可能会导致他丢了工作。 [短语归纳] lead 短语： lead sb. to 把某人带到 lead sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事 lead sb. in doing sth. 领导/带领某人做某事 lead to sb. doing sth. 导致某人做某 事 [练习] 根据句子意思填空或按要求填空。 1). The events ________ ________ the start of the First World War. 2). What led him ________ (kill) his wife? 3). He had led everyone ________ (believe) that his family was very wealthy. 4). Our research led us ________ (介词) the conclusion that the present system is unfair. 5). Too much work and too little rest often _______ _______ illness. 6). He will lead the party of scientists ________ (do) the research. 7). Failure often lies in laziness while hard work _ ________ success. 8). The driver’ s carelessness ________ ________ the serious traffic accident. 7. keep...free from/of = protect sb./sth. from... 使……免受(影响/伤害)；使……不含(有害物) [典例] 1). We should keep ourselves free from drugs. 我们应该远离毒品。 2). I hope you will keep yourself free from tobacco and alcohol. 我希望你不抽烟不喝酒。 [练习] 根据句子意思填空。 1). We’ ve managed to ________ the garden ________ ________weeds this year. 2). Relaxation exercises can ________ your body ________ ________ tension. VI 重点句子 （旨在提供句子结构等所需材料） 1. In 1974, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output. 1974 年，他成了世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先锋。 [解释] 不定式放在表示次序的词 the first, the last, the best 以及 the only, the very, the right 等词 后面, 且这些词与动词不定式有逻辑上的主谓关系， 结构为： first/last/best/right/only/very/... the + n. + to do sth.第一个/最后一个/最好的一个/合适的/唯一的/恰好的……做某事的人/物，如： 1). He is always the first (student) to come and the last to leave. 他总是第一个来和最后一个离 开的（学生） 。 2). The last man to leave the sinking ship was the captain. 最后一个离开正在下沉的船的是船 长。 [练习] 根据句子意思填空。 1). I think he is the right person ________ (tell) her about this. 2). I’ d be the first ________ (admit) I might be wrong. 2. This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same第 19 页 共 49 页fields. 这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田地多收获三分之一的产量。 [解释] make it + 宾语补足语 + 动词不定式, it 做形式宾语,动词不定式是真正的宾语，有时 真正的宾语是从句。 常和动词 consider/think/make/find/believe/declare/feel/guess/imagine/prove 等连用。如：He felt it his duty to take good care of them. 他感觉到好好照顾他们是他的责任。 再如： 1). The bad weather makes it impossible for us to go for a picnic. 2). We make it a rule to do some English practice before class. 3). Tom found it very embarrassing to be reminded of the long-standing debt. 4). Do you find it funny to see someone sliding on a banana skin? [练习] 翻译句子。 1). 我们觉得支持好的领导是我们的职责。 ___________________________________________________________________________ 2). 我记得我想你讲清楚我不会来的。 ___________________________________________________________________________ 二、课文要点 1 课文词汇等填空（旨在复习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等） 根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法： Yuan Longping, the Father of 1 (超级杂交稻), is a famous scientist. he has 2 (奋 斗)for the past five 3 (十年) for the Chinese farmers. In 1953 when Dr Yuan graduated from college, 4 (hungry) was a disturbing problem in many parts of the countryside. ____5____, Yuan wanted to help ___6__(摆脱)his motherland of hunger by increasing the rice output without 7 (expand) the area of the fields and he made it. Dr Yuan’s another dream is to 8 (出口) his rice to the world. Thanks 9 Dr Yuan, the UN has more tools in the battle against hunger ____10____the world. 2 课文大意概括 （旨在训练用 30 个单词概括大意的能力） 阅读课文，试着用 30 来个单词概括课文大意或翻译下面短文。 袁隆平是我国最著名的科学家之一，已经取得了伟大成就，通过培植超级杂交稻使世 界消除饥饿。不过，他不在乎名利和金钱，过着贫穷的生活。 _______________________________________________________________________________ __________ _______________________________________________________________________________ __________ 3 课文佳句背诵与仿写 （旨在培养对难句的理解和运用能力） 1.【原句】Indeed, his sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers, for whom he has struggled for the past five decades. 事实上， 他黑黝 黝的脸和胳膊和他的苗条，强壮的身体就像那些数以百万计的中国农民的一样，在过去 50 年来他一直为他们而奋斗。 [模仿要点] 句子结构： 主句，+ 介词+which 引导的定语从句 【模仿 1】在学校里，他学习许多科目，如中文，数学，英语，物理，化学，计算机等，其 中他最喜欢英语。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 【模仿 2】他有许多爱好，如打篮球，读小说，唱英语歌曲，集邮，他最喜欢收集邮票。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 2． 【原句】Dr Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice.袁隆平博士种植被称之为第 20 页 共 49 页高产量的杂交水稻。 [模仿要点] 句子结构：主句+what/whatever 引导的宾语从句 【模仿 1】学生喜欢生活中如何新的东西。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 【模仿 2】通过考试，学生可以了解他们的弱点从而更加努力学习。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 3. 【原句】Born into a poor farmer’s family in 1930, Dr Yuan graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in
年出生于一个贫穷的农民家庭， ，袁博士于 1953 年毕业于 西南农业大学。 [模仿要点] 句子结构： 过去分词作状语，+ 主句 【模仿 1】配备了电子词典，学生觉得学习英语更容易和更方便了。 _______________________________________________________________________________ 【模仿 2】位于城市的中心地带，这座公园给市民带来很多享受。 _______________________________________________________________________________【单词（短语）检测】 Unit 2 Working the land 一、请根据各句上下文的意义，选择正确的单词填入空白处。 第一组：nutrition, level, struggle, grain, suitable, hunger, exchange, summary, sunburn, export 1 According to the latest survey the Qomolangma is 8844.43 meters above sea ______. 2 We should try to save rice, never waste even a _______ of rice. 3 He died of ______ because he had not eaten for days. 4 We were asked to write a ________ after reading the long passage. 5 The toys produced in our factory are mainly ________ to European countries. 6 If you stay out in the scorching sun for some time then you will get ________. 7 Can I ________ my seat with you? I cannot see the blackboard clearly. 8 Shenzhen is really a modern city ________ for people to live in. 9 When seeing a boy ________ in the river I jumped into the water to save him. 10 The doctor gave us a lecture on the connection between food and _______. 第二组：pest, chemical, motorcycle, output, bacteria, certain, freedom, confuse, supply, expand, equip, whatever, reduce, mineral, circulate第 21 页 共 49 页11 The physical change is quite different from the ________ change. 12 The hybrid rice has a high ________ and over 60% of the rice produced in China each year is from this strain(品种). 13 A _______ Miss Wang called you this morning. 14 I am ________. Will you please explain it to me in an easy way? 15 In the past decade the population of Shenzhen is _________ very fast. 16 ________ happens, please call me in no time. 17 I am very thirsty. Please buy me a bottle of iced _______ water. 18 Rumours(谣言) began to ________ about his financial problems. 19 Our government is doing its best to ________ air pollution. 20 Our school library is well ________ with modern facilities(设施). 21 The residents were very annoyed because for no reason the water _______ was out of service. 22 Those slaves never stopped fighting for their ________. 23 ________ exist in large numbers in air, water, living and dead creatures and plants. They are often a cause of disease. 24 I like to ride my ________ to work, for it is much faster than a bike. 25 Farmers often use pesticides to kill ________. 二、把下列短语填入每个句子的空白处（注意所填短语的形式变化）： rid..of be satisfied with lead a …life would rather refer to thanks to be rich in 1 _________ the doctor’s timely help, the boy was saved. 2 Since you don’t know the word, why not ________ a dictionary? 3 You have given the correct answer. I __________ it. 4 Before liberation people ________ miserable_______. 5 We must find ways to ________ the house _______ blackbeetles(蟑螂). 6 Vegetables ________ vitamins. 7 I _______ that he were here. I need his help.第 22 页 共 49 页三、单元自测 1.完形填空 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从 21―30 各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中，选出最 佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 字数：173 完成时间： 分钟 13 难度：***Parents usually have the test intentions when it comes to making sure their kids are growing up healthy. But it can be a 21 , especially with a picky eater or a child who 22 videogames to playing outdoors. The reality is that exhausted and overworked parents often 23 making food choices based on 24 -- serving the meal that's most appealing, not necessarily the most nutritious, or 25 it in front of a TV. Such habits take a toll. Last year, the International Obesity Task Force 26 that more than 35 percent of American children ranging from 6 to 17 exceed- ed their ideal body weight, which can 27 to serious long-term health problems like heart disease and diabetes (糖尿病), as well as 28 and low self-esteem (自 尊). Good health choices can also 29 a long way -- not just toward physical health, but mental health and intellectual success, too. Researchers at the Medical College of Georgia found last year that kids who play vigorously (精神旺盛地) for 20 to 40 minutes actually do 30 in school and are happier. 21. A. coincidence B. challenge C. difficulty D. puzzle 22. A. prefers B. devotes C. contributes D. addicts 23. A. start with B. insist on C. object to D. end up 24. A. nutrition B. menu C. convenience D. preference 25. A. offering B. showing C. having D. sharing 26. A. predicted B. estimated C. valued D. proclaimed 27. A. stick B. tend C. see D. lead 28. A. oppression B. desperation C. depression D. repression 29. A. come B. go C. find D. extend 30. A. better B. faster C. more D. earlier 2. 语法填空（共 10 小题，每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分） 阅读下面短文， 按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求， 在空格处填入一个适当的 词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为 31-40 的相应位置上。 字数：156 完成时间：8 分钟 难度：*** Even in China today, most 31 (ability) teenagers have to go to special schools to receive 32 education. I know people are trying to give them more help, comfort and care, 33 I don't quite agree with such idea. Disabled people's life is difficult and frustrating. 34 we should give them a hand in their normal life. But despite their disability, they're complete. They have their own thoughts and feelings, we can't say disability will limit a person's life. So it's necessary for them to study 35 (independent) and equally just as normal people. If they 36 (ask) to go to the special school, they will probably treat themselves 37 special, unlucky people. That will make them 38 (lose) hope. 39 the disabled people need the most is confidence and dignity. Most of them hate 40 feeling that they always need others' help. They just want to prove themselves as we do. In a word, help is essential, but we should give the disabled more individual space.第 23 页 共 49 页3. 信息匹配 请阅读下列应用文和相关信息，从所给的选项 A、B、C、D、E 和 F 中按照要求匹配信 息。 首先，请阅读下列有关颜色偏好和性格的关系的应用文： A. GOLD According to the True Colors system people who choose GOLD as their primary color like to fit in or to belong. They tend to be reliable people who enjoy serving others and things like traditions. Home is very important to them. They need order and structure. They don't like waste or change. B. ORANGE People who choose ORANGE as their primary color need a lot of variety and freedom. They take pride in being highly skilled. They enjoy &hand-on& work and often are good in a crisis. They are risk takers, seek challenges. C. YELLOW People who choose YELLOW as their primary color are curious about everything, and they are confident and knowledgeable. They love sports very much and they work high efficiently. D. GREEN People who choose GREEN as their primary color are competent and want to control the realities of life. They are analytical and enjoy solving problems and developing systems. They love intelligence and logic. They are often critical of themselves and others. E. BLUE People who choose BLUE as their primary color enjoy close relationships. Harmony and integrity(诚实)are very important. These people are often very creative or they enjoy the creative work of others. F. RED People who choose RED as their primary color are always full of vigour (活力 ) and they tend to be confident all the time. It seems like they are ready to do anything and they will be successful. And they have a strong desire of power. 请阅读以下根据员工性格来促进工作效率的方法的信息，然后匹配上面的信息。 41. Creating a warm and persona establishing a peaceful working environment and tryin allowing them the freedom to express their felling praising their creative praising them with their good jobs. 42. Assigning work which nee defining the
providing a stable work environment and av giving standard rules and regulations and praising them with their good jobs. 43. Assigning work which needs analytical thinking and problem- encouraging them to think independently and taking their id praising them with their good jobs. 44. Assigning work which is action-packed, providing opportunities to be skil allowing them the freedom to the j praising them with their good jobs. 45. Assigning work whi providing opportunities if he does well, letting him know he is very lik praising them with their good jobs. 4.读写任务 阅读下面的对话，然后按照要求写一篇 150 词左右的英语短文。 Linda: How was your trip to Hengshan during your summer vacation? Joanna: Oh, it's great. You ought to go there some day if you haven't been there already.第 24 页 共 49 页Linda: Well, what do you think is the best time to go to Hengshan? Joanna: Mm, it's very crowded there in summer. And it's too cold to go there in winter, so I wouldn't suggest the winter season, either. Besides, we can't afford the time when school is in session. So I would say the best time is the first few days of the summer break when people haven't started doing anything yet. Linda: I see. How long does the whole trip take, including the time on the road? Joanna: It all depends, really. If you go there by train, four days should be enough. You can also take a bus, which takes a longer time and is less comfortable, but as an exchange, you'll be able to enjoy lots of country scenes and perhaps you'll save some money, too. Linda: That sounds good. If I can afford the time, I think I'll take the bus. Do you think I should go by myself, or take a package tour with a travel agency? Joanna: It is hard to say which is better, you know. Linda: Anyway, thank you very much for all the information. [写作内容] 你的英语老师在上英语说写课时，提供以上对话给你和同桌作为英语口语训练的材料。 口语练习结束后， 老师要求你根据上述对话话题写一篇关于了解自然环境的游历活动的英语 短文。 1，以约 30 个词概括对话的要点。 2．然后以约 120 个词写一篇关于了解自然环境的游历活动的英语记叙文，并包括以下 要点： (1)叙述你的关于了解自然环境的游历活动的经过； (2)谈谈你的感受。 [写作要求] 1．作文中可使用自己的亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得 直接引用原文中的句子；标题自定。 2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。 [评分标准]概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。 [写作辅导] 1． 写作有可能用到的主要短语和单词： 山区 the mountainous area， 农村 the countryside， 风景区 scenic spot，原始森林 natural thick forest,，灌木丛林 the woods／the trees，国家森林 公园 the national park ,田野 the fields，牛 cows，马 horse，羊 sheep，牲口群 cattle． 2．本文的概要必须包含以下要点： How was your trip to Hengshan during your summer vacation? / What do you think is the best time to go to Hengshan? / How long does the whole trip take, including the time on the road? 3．本文要注意，概要一定要根据文段的时态来写。同时，绝对不能抄袭原文的句子。 文章是叙述你的关于了解自然环境的游历活动的经过， 属于某人的经历， 故用一般过去时态。 而谈谈你的感受，属于一般评论性的文字，故用一般现在时。 _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________ _______________________________________________________________________________第 25 页 共 49 页_______________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________ [答案] One of My Travelling Experiences In the dialogue, Joanna describes her trip to Hengshan during her summer vacation. She offers some advice to Linda, including the best visiting time, the way of traveling and so on. I had such a touring experience of visiting the countryside last autumn. Last Sunday, my sister and I went to the countryside. As far as I 'm concerned, autumn is the best time for going on a trip because the weather is neither too hot nor too cold. And autumn is the most pleasant season of the year. There, we could see some peasants busy getting in the crops in the fields, and others were picking fruits under the trees. Not until that moment did we really realize what the famous saying &No pains, no gains.& means. It seemed as if we were wandering in a splendid world. I love autumn! I love the harvest time! To pursue my own good harvest in my study, I will spare no efforts to work hard.Unit 3A taste of English humour一、语言要点 I 单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点） 词语 辨析 1. especially / specially / particularly 3. convince / persuade 1. humour n. 幽默，诙谐 2. fortune n.(大量) 财产， 大笔的钱；运气，命运 词形 变化 3. bore vt. 使厌烦； 令人 n. 讨厌的人(或事) 4. mouth n. 嘴，口 5. direct adj.直接的； 坦率的 adv.直接地 vt.对准；指导 6. explain v. 讲解，解释 2. common / usual / ordinaryhumorous adj. 幽 默 的，诙谐的 fortunate adj.幸运的， 侥幸的 bored adj.感到无趣的 或单调的 mouthful n.一口； 少量 direction n.方向[pl.]说 明书；指引；指导 explanation n.解释， 说 明，阐述 director n.指导者，主 管；董事；导演 fortunately adv.幸运地， 幸亏 boring adj.令人厌烦的， 乏味的词 汇 部 分重点 单词1. content vt. (使)满足；满意 n.[u]满足；内容；目录；adj.感到满足的 2. astonish vt. 使吃惊 3. entertain vt. 使欢乐；款待 4. convince vt. 使信服；使确信 5. direct vt.&vi.导演，指示，指挥 adj.直的，直接的，直率的 adv.径直地 6. whisper v.&n. 耳语；私语；密谈第 26 页 共 49 页重点 词组1. badly off 过得很差；穷的；缺少的[做表语或定语] 2. pick out 挑出；辨别出 3. cut off 切断(供应等)；断绝(联系等) 4. star in 在……主演；担任主角 1. Not that Charlie’ s own life was easy! 2. You may find it astonishing that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk. V-ing 的基本用法（见语法部分）重点句子 重点语法II 词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料) 1. specially / especially / particularly 【解释】 specially = on purpose 故意地；专门地 (不是为了别的，而只是为了某一目的而专门采用 的某种方式。如：I came here specially to see you. 我特地到这儿来看你。 especially = particularly = in particular = in especial 特别地；尤其是；特别是，通常用来对 前面所叙述的事情作进一步说明或补充，是有意突出到显眼或例外的程度，强调“超过其 他，与众不同”，在介词或连词前用得较多。如：I like Harbin, especially in summer. 我喜 爱哈尔滨，尤其是哈尔滨的夏天。 【练习】用 specially，especially，particularly 填空。 1). I like my hometown, _______ in spring. 2). These shoes were _______ made for you. 3). A committee has been _______ appointed to look into the matter. 4). We did very well in this exam, _______ our monitor. 2. common / usual / ordinary 【解释】 common 意为“普通的，平常的”，指常见的，常发生的，不足为奇的。 usual 意为“通常的，习惯性的”，可用于一切频繁发生的事情。 ordinary 意为“通常的，普通的，日常的，随时都可以碰到的”，与 common 意思接近。 【练习】用 common，usual，ordinary 填空。 1). He arrived later than _______. 2). Rabbits and foxes are _______ in Britain. 3). Tom Sawyer was a/an _______ American boy who kept getting into trouble. 4). Our _______ workday is eight hours. 5). He’ s not an officer, but a/an ________ soldier. 3. convince / persuade 【解释】 convince “说服”，着重理智方面的“辩论，证明”。 persuade “说服”，着重情感上的“劝告”或“说服某人做/不做某事”。 III 词性变化 （旨在提供语法填空所需材料） 1. humour n. 幽默，诙谐 2. fortune n.(大量) 财产， 大笔的钱；运气，命运 3. bore vt. 使厌烦；n. 令人 讨厌的人(或事) humorous adj.幽默的，诙谐的 fortunate adj.幸运的，侥幸的 bored adj.感到无趣的或单调的 fortunately adv.幸运地， 幸 亏 boring adj.令人厌烦的， 乏 味的第 27 页 共 49 页4. mouth n. 嘴，口 5. direct adj.直接的；坦率 的 adv.直接地 vt.对准； 指导 6. explain v. 讲解，解释mouthful n.一口；少量 direction n.方向[pl.]说明书；指 引；指导 explanation n.解释，说明，阐述 director n.指导者，主管； 董事；导演【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。 1). ________ (fortune), the drowning child was saved. 2). He gave a ________ (humor) account of their trip to Spain first. 3). Tom went off in one ________ (direct) and Harry in another. 4). He now felt ready to take on the role of ________ (direct). 5). The earthquake left thousands of people ________ (home). 6). I’ m stuffed. I couldn’ t eat another ________ (mouth). 7). Not only are mothers not paid but also most of their ________ (bore) or difficult work is unnoticed. 8). There is no convincing ________ (explain) of the overall structure of the universe. IV 重点词汇 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料） 1. content vt. (使)满足；满意 n.[u]满足；书的内容目录；容器里的东西 adj.感到满足的 [典例] 1). As there’ s no cream, we’ ll have to content ourselves with black coffee. 既然没有奶油, 我们 只好喝清咖啡算了。 2). He is content to remain where he is now. 他安於现状。 [重点用法] content oneself with sth. 满足或满意於某事物 be/feel content with 对……感到满足 be content to do sth. 愿意做某事 to one’ s heart’ s content 尽情地；心满意 足地 [练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。 1). Simple praise is enough to ______ him. 2). I like the style of the book but I don’t like the ______. 3). She _______ _______ _______ (感到非常满足) stay at home looking after her children. 2. astonish vt. 使惊诧；使吃惊 astonishing adj.令人惊讶的 astonished adj. 感到惊讶的 [典例] 1). The news astonished everybody. 这个消息令大家惊讶。 2). I was astonished at/to hear the loud sound. 我被那些巨大的声响吓了一跳。 [重点用法] be astonished at/by sth. 因/被……感到惊讶 be astonished to do sth. 对做某事感 到惊讶 It astonishes sb. that 令某人惊讶的是 be astonished that 对感到惊讶 [练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。 1). It astonished me ______ no one has thought of this before. 2). We were _______ (astonish) that he appeared at the party. 3). I find _______ quite _______ (astonish) that none of you like the play. 3. entertain vt.使欢乐；款待 entertaining adj.愉快的；有趣的 entertainment n. 娱乐；款待 [典例] 1). Bob and Liz entertained us to dinner last night. 昨晚鲍勃和利兹设宴招待了我们。 2). Could you entertain the children for an hour, while I make supper? 我做晚饭时, 你能哄孩子第 28 页 共 49 页们玩一个小时吗? [重点用法] entertain sb. with sth./by doing sth. 用某物/通过做某事使某人欢乐 [练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。 1). He entertained us for hours ________ (介词) his stories and jokes. 2). He fell in the water, much to the _________ (entertain) of the children. 3). We hired a magician to keep the children _________ (entertain). 4. convince vt. 使信服；使确信 convincing adj. 令人信服的 [典例] 1). We convinced him to go by train rather than plane. 我们说服了他坐火车去，不要搭飞机去。 2). How can I convince you (of her honesty)? 我怎样才能使你相信（她很诚实）呢? [重点用法] convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事 convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事 convince sb. that 使某人相信 be convinced of / that 坚信……； 确信…… [练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。 1). What she said _______ (convince) me that I was mistaken. 2). I soon convinced him ______ (介词) my innocence. 3). What convinced you _______}