right+they的名词性物主代词或代词什么意思

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高一英语“介词+关系代词”定语从句专讲课件 新课标 人教版
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    高一英语“介词+关系代词”定语从句专讲课件 新课标 人教版  “介词+关系代词” in/with/on/by+ which/whom  1,单个介词+关系代词(whom, which)  介词确定依据  a依从句中的动词,形容词,名词与介词的固定搭配而定  b依先行词与从句中动词的关系及所表达的含义而定  The two thing of which they felt very proud were Jim’s gold watch and Della’s hair.  A harvester is a man who is harvesting or a machine with which we harvest crops.   2,复杂介词+关系代词(which, whom, whose) 常用复杂介词:as a result, at the back of ,because of, in front of, in the middle of, at the bottom of, on the top of, at the foot of 注意:但含有介词的短语动词一般不能拆开,如 look after, be made of, take part in, look forward to等。 例:The babies (who/whom) the nurses
look after look strong and happy.   There is a great pain in my right foot, because of which I can only limp along.   They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat an old man.  3,单个介词+关系代词(which, whose)+名词 介词要依介词与关系代词后的名词的搭配习惯而定  He lived in London for three months, during which  time he learned some English.  Our English teacher, with whose help we have made great progress in English, has completed thirty years of teaching.  4,the+名词+of+关系代词(which, whom)结构中的名词和后面的关系代词有所属关系   This is the book the cover of which is designed by Mr Jones.  =This is the book, whose cover is designed by Mr Jones.  =This is the book, of which the cover is designed by Mr Jones.  ...........当前位置:&&&&&&&&&
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读硕士英语考试语法专项突破-名词、代词的数与格
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读硕士英语考试语法专项突破-名词、代词的数与格:一致关系包括主语与谓语、代词与所指代的名词在人称和数上要保持一致两个方面。主谓一致的关系中,除了要了解一般的单复数概念外,还应遵循以下三个原则--语法一致、意义一致、就近一致,应掌握下列各种特殊情况。
  & & 一致关系(名词、代词的数与格)  主要讲述名词、代词的数与格的构成形式及其用法,对于本部分语法点的考查主要是从一致关系的角度出题,一致关系包括主语与谓语、代词与所指代的名词在人称和数上要保持一致两个方面。主谓一致的关系中,除了要了解一般的单复数概念外,还应遵循以下三个原则--语法一致、意义一致、就近一致,应掌握下列各种特殊情况。  1.貌似单数、实是复数的词  如:不规则变化的名词data(数据);只用作复数的名词police(警察);有时用作单数,有时用作复数的名词committee(委员会,单数;委员,复数),family(家庭,单数;家庭成员,复数),cabinet(内阁,单数;内阁成员,复数),crew(全体成员,单数;多位成员,复数),couple(夫妻,单数;夫妇二人,复数),group(组,团,单数;组员,团员,复数),band(乐队,单数;乐队成员,复数),team(队,单数;队员,复数),staff(全体成员,单数;每位成员,复数),public(公众,单数;公众,复数),population(人口,单数;人口,复数),等等。  The committee is ready to make its recommendations public.  The committee are separated from their families for long periods of time.  The crew are asleep in their bunks down in the hold of the ship.  The crew has long service record.  The cabinet believes the planning commission has been heavily influenced by developers.  The cabinet have never made decisions in a hurry.  The family are gathered to hear the president speak.  My family is small.  2.貌似复数、实是单数的词  如:表示学科的词physics(物理学),politics(政治学),electronics(电子学),mechanics(力学),economics(经济学),statistics(统计学),mathematics(数学),linguistics(语言学),等等。  Physics was the only course she failed in.  Electronics is the basis of all telecommunication systems.  Is statistics really a science?  Linguistics has developed rapidly in modern times.  3.单复数形式相同的名词,要根据句子的意思来确定谓语的单复数  如:means(形式,方式),series(系列,套),species(种,类),rest(剩余的部分),fish(鱼),deer(鹿),等等。  He's only got one shirt because all the rest being washed.(D)  A. is to be B.is C.will be D.are  A series of accidents has been reported lately.  There are two series of readers: one for beginners and one for advanced students.  Is this the only means to achieve success?  There are various means of increasing our agricultural production.  The fish in the aquarium are waiting for their daily feeding.  When young deer are motionless,their coloring will hide them well.  A tiger is a species of mammal.  Those species of fish are found in Texas lakes.  4.动名词短语、不定式短语、名词从句作主语  此时,谓语动词用单数;如果用and连接上述相同的两个成分时,谓语动词用复数。  Teaching is the best way of learning.(动名词作主语)  To receive education is the right of women all over the world.(不定式短语作主语)  What are often regarded as poisonous fungi is sometimes safely edible.(名词性从句作主语)  5.主语带有as well as,accompanied by,together with,such as,rather than等附加成分  此时,该主语的数不受附加成分的影响。  Statistics as well as a course in research methodology is required of all doctoral candidates.  The dean of the college together with some other faculty members is planning a conference for the purpose of laying down certain regulations.  6.并列连词 either…or,neither…nor…,not only…but also…,or,and等作主语的句子  谓语动词的数取决于靠近动词的主语。注意:用and连接两个或更多的修饰成分,而前面只有一个定冠词时,修饰成分指同一人或事,谓语动词要用单数。  The statesman and writer you talked with last month at today's conference.(A)  A. was present B.was presenting C.were present D.were presenting  Either his children or his wife is arriving here today.  Neither the students nor the teacher is allowed to smoke in class.  Not only the money but also the jewels are locked up in the safe.  7.表示书名、报名、电影戏剧名、国名等的名词或短语作主语  此时,如果只指一种、一本或一个,不论它形式上是单数还是复数,谓语动词只用单数形式。  Times is not available here.  The United States is now an industrialized country.  8.表示时间、距离、度量、价值的复数名词  如果表示抽象概念被视作一个整体时,谓语动词用单数形式;如果表示具体的多少,强调复数意义时,谓语动词用复数形式。  Five minutes is all that I can spare for you.  Three weeks is not a long period.  The twenty miles were covered by the winner in two hours.  9.易混淆的几种情况  one of+复数名词+定语从句(先行词是复数名词,从句中谓语用单数);  the only one+复数名词+定语从句(先行词是one,从句中谓语用单数)。  A number of…(&许多,若干&,谓语用复数);  The number of…(&……的数量&,谓语用单数)。  A variety of…(&各种各样的……&,谓语用复数);  The variety of…(&……的种类&,谓语用单数)。  One of the students who is waiting for us stated definitely that Mac is brighter than any other boy in his class.  Mr. Ling is the only one of the teachers in our university who owns a car.  A number of pages are found missing.  The number of new bicycles is reported in this city each year.  10.固定的用法  many a+单数名词(&许多……&,谓语用单数);  more than one+单数名词(&不止一个……&,谓语用单数);  one and a half+复数名词(&一个半……&,谓语用单数);  the majority of+复数名词(&……的大多数&,谓语用单数或复数,视题意定);  a great/good many+复数名词(&许多……&,谓语用复数)。  Many a problem concerning the agricultural production has been solved this way.  The majority of the students stay at home now.  11.由every,each 修饰的名词,谓语动词用单数  Each of these critics cites Alex's failure to make much use of science and technology.  Every change of season,every change of weather,indeed,every hour of the day produces some change in the magical hues and shapes of mountains.  12.&those of+人称代词&的短语,谓语动词的数与短语中的人称代词一致  如:those of us,谓语用复数;those of you,谓语用复数等。  Those of us who know the score are truly sympathetic and wish the coach more luck than he has had so far. 13.不定代词中由-body和-one 构成的复合代词后面可跟else,并用所有格形式  That must be somebody else's hat, it isn't mine.  Hurry up! Everyone else's glasses are empty.  14.不定代词 nothing 和none的区别  nothing指物,用单数动词;none既能指人,又能指物,即可用单数动词,也可用复数动词。  There's nothing on the blackboard.  None of the suggestions was acceptable.  Of his three sons, none likes literature.  15.不定代词others, the other, the others和another区别  others 是other的复数形式(没有限定范围的泛指);  the other表示&两个中的另一个人或物&(限定范围是两个人或物);  the others 表示&其余的人或物、剩余的人或物&(有限定的范围);  another 表示不定数目中的&另一个,类似的一个&。  Others may laugh at her but I think she is sweet.(其他人可能会嘲笑她,但是我认为她很可爱。)  He held a pen in one hand and a note-book in the other.(他一只手拿一支笔,另一只手拿一个笔记本。)  This composition is better than the others.(这篇作文比其他的都好。)  I don' can you show me another?(我不喜欢这个,能给我看另一个吗?)  Is there any other student in the classroom?(教师里面还有其他的学生吗?注:此处的other 是形容词。)
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六套模拟试题( 年修订版) 大学英语 B 六套模拟试题(07 年修订版)目录TEST 1 ................................................................................................................................................................... 1 TEST 2 ................................................................................................................................................................. 15 TEST 3 ................................................................................................................................................................. 28 TEST 4 ................................................................................................................................................................. 38 TEST 5 ................................................................................................................................................................. 52 TEST 6 ................................................................................................................................................................. 65Test 1一、交际用语(1’*10) 1. How are you, Bob? _______________ Ted. A. How are you? B. I’m fine. Thank you. C. How do you do? D. Nice to meet you. 答案:B 题解:此题考查日常交际的问候用语。句子意思为:-你好吗,鲍勃?回答为:我很好,特德。 1)How are you? 你好吗?一般用于熟人和朋友之间的问候。回答一般是 Fine, thank you./ Thanks. And you?,谢 谢你。你呢?不可以用 How are you?作答。 2)How do you do? 你好吗?它一般用于陌生人之间第一次见面的时候。回答依然是 How do you do? 3))用于陌生人之间第一次见面情景的问候语还有 Nice to meet you. 很高兴见到你!在英文中,类似的表达还有 Glad to meet you. / Happy to meet you. / Pleased to meet you. 等等。 回答时说 Nice to meet you /Glad to meet you. / Happy to meet you. / Pleased to meet you too. 我也很高兴 见到你。 2. Thank you for your help. _________________ A. My pleasure. B. Never mind. C. Quite right. D. Don’t thank me. 答案:A 题解:此题考查日常交际的致谢用语。句子意思为:谢谢你的帮忙。回答为:我很荣幸。 1)回答感谢语,可以选择 A. My pleasure. (这是我应该做的) 。也可以说 You’re welcome. / Not at all. 等等。 2)选项 B. Never mind.意思是“]有PS,不要在心上” ,一般用于回答别人的致歉。 3)选项 C. Quite right.意思是“很对”一般是对某事表示肯定和赞扬。 4)选项 D. Don’t thank me.意思是“不要谢谢我”不符合英文表达的习惯。 3. Hello, I’m Harry Potter. Hello, my name is Charles Green, but_______. A. call my Charles B. call me at Charles C. call me Charles D. call Charles me 答案:C 题解:此题考查交际用语的习惯用法。句子意思为:你好,我是哈里q波特。回答为:你好,我是查理q格林,你可 以叫我查理。 1)call sb.(宾格) sth. 把……称作……,是习惯用法。所以选项 C. call me Charles 是正确选项。其与选项均 不符合交际习惯原则。 2)另外请注意:英美人姓和名的顺序与中国人的相反。他们是:名在前,姓在后,如 Charles Green , Charles 是 名, Green 是姓。 4. Paul, ______________ ?1 Oh, that’s my father! And beside him, my mother. A. What is the person over there B. Who’s talking over there C. What are they doing D. Which is that 答案:B 题解:此题考查交际用语的“询问信息”用语。句子意思为:鲍,那边在说话的人是谁?回答为:哦,那是我的爸爸, 在他旁边的是我妈妈。 1)根据下文的问答“那是我爸爸……”,推测出上文问话的内容应该是“讲话的人是谁”。因此正确选项为 B. Who’s talking over there。 2)选项 A. What is the person over there. What is…一般是问职业,对应的回答是 He is a teacher/doctor…。 3)选项 C. What are they doing? 是问“你正在干什么?”,对应的回答是 They are doing…。 4)选项 D. Which is that?是问“那是什么”,对应的回答是 That is…。 5. Hi, Tom, how is everything with you? _______________, and how are you? A. Don’t mention it B. Hm, not too bad C. Thanks D. Pretty fast 答案:B 题解:此题考查交际用语的“询问信息”情景。句子意思为;你好,汤姆,近来都好吗?回答为:还不错,你呢? 1)上文是问“近来还好吗?”,How is everything? /How is everything going? “一切还好吗?” 回答这种情 景的问候,一般用 Pretty good! 挺好的!Not bad. 不错。或者直接用 OK(还行)来回答。因此正确选项为 B. Hm, not too bad。 2)选项 A: Don’t mention it . 是对 thanks 的回答,意思是“不用谢、小意思”。 6. That’s a beautiful dress you have on! __________ A. Oh, thanks. I got it yesterday. B. Sorry, it’s too cheap. C. You can have it. D. See you later. 答案:A 题解:此题考查交际用语的致谢用语。句子意思为;你穿的这条裙子很漂亮。回答为:噢,谢谢,我昨天买的。 1)按照英语交际的习惯,对于别人的赞扬,我们应该表示感谢,可以说 Thank you. / Thanks。也可以回答 I’m glad you like it.(很高兴你喜欢)。因此,正确选项为 A。 2)但是一定要注意,千万不能受到中文交际习惯的影响,用很谦虚,甚至不礼貌的方式去否定别人对自己的肯定和表 扬。所以选项 B 不对。 3)选项 D 是告别用语;选项 C 不符合回答赞扬用语的习惯。 Why didn’t you come to my birthday party yesterday? _____________ A. Excuse me, my friend sent me a flower. B. Fine, I never go to birthday parties. C. Ha…ha, I don’t like birthday parties. D. Sorry, but my wife had a car accident. 答案:D 题解:此题考查交际用语的致歉用语。句子意思为:昨天你为什么不来参加我的生日晚会?回答为:不好意思,我太 太出了车祸。 1) 英语中致歉的语言很习惯化,说得最多的就是 Sorry./ I’m sorry. 2) 上文问的是“为什么没来参加生日晚会?”,下文要做出相应的回答,对没有来参加生日 party 做出解释。因 此,正确选项为 D. Sorry, but my wife had a car accident。 3)选项 A,B,C 均不符合致歉交际情景的用语习惯。 8. Hi, welcome back! Had a nice trip? ________________ A. Oh, fantastic! Fresh air, and sunshine every day. B. Come on, I’ve got lots of fun. C. By the way, I don’t like Saturdays. D. Well, I’ll look forward to your phone call.27. 答案:A 题解:此题考查交际用语的询问信息情景。句子意思为:欢迎回来,旅行还不错吧?回答为:噢,太棒了!每天都有 新鲜的空气和温暖的阳光。 1)在解答“询问信息”这一情景的题目时,要根据疑问词所问的相关内容来回答。 2)上文询问的信息“旅行还不错吧?”,下文的回答应要与旅行有关,因此正确选项是 A. Oh, fantastic! Fresh air, and sunshine every day. 噢,太棒了!每天都有新鲜的空气和温暖的阳光。 3)其余都属答非所问。 9. Haven’t seen you for ages! What are you busy doing now? ________________ A. I hate the weather here. B. My hair is getting a bit longer. C. Yeah, thanks for coming.] D. I am working part time in a bookshop, you know. 答案:D 题解:此题考查交际用语的询问信息情景。句子意思为:好几年不见了,最近都在忙什么呢?回答为:我现在一家书 店兼职。 1)这是一个询问近况的句子,上文问的是 what are you busy doing now(最近忙于干什么),要根据疑问词所问的 相关内容来回答,I’m doing…(我忙于干……)。所以正确选项是 D. I am working part time in a bookshop, you know。 2)其余选项均属答非所问。 10. Marilyn, I’m afraid I have to be leaving now. _______________ A. That sounds wonderful. B. Oh, so early. C. Not at all. D. Good luck! 答案:B 题解:此题考查交际用语的告辞用语。句子意思为:玛琳,我恐怕现在不得不走了。回答为:噢,那么早? 1)客人告辞时,通常会说 Well, I’m afraid I have to be going. (恐怕我得走了) ,也可以说 I have to go now. (我得走了),类似的表达还有 I have to leave now. / I really must go now. / It’s time to go now for me. 说再见的时候到了。 2)对于客人的辞行,主人的回答也有不同。如果客人使用的是 I have to go now. 主人可以说:Thank you for coming! (感谢你来);也可以说 Ok, see you. (好吧,再见。);See you 在英文中表示再见的意思,相当于 Good-bye;还 可以说 See you later! (再见),See you around!(一会儿见)See you tomorrow!(明天见)。 3)如果觉得还早也可以说 Oh, so early.,所以正确选项为 B。 4)选项 A. That sounds wonderful.(太好了。)是赞扬用语,用在此不符合礼貌; 选项 C. Not at all.(没关系、不用谢)是致谢回答语; 选项 D. Good luck!(好运!)是祝福用语。 二、阅读理解(2’*15) Passage 1 The French Revolution broke out in 1789. At the time France was in a crisis. The government was badly run and people’s lives were miserable. King Louis XIV tried to control the national parliament and raise more taxes. But his effort failed. He ordered his troops to Versailles. The people thought that Louis intended to put down the Revolution by force. On July 14,1789, they stormed and took the Bastille, where political prisoners were kept. Ever since that day, July 14 has been the French National Day. Louis tried to flee the country in 1792 to get support from Austria and Prussia. However, he was caught and put in prison. In September 1792, the monarchy was abolished. In the same year, Louis was executed. A few months later his wife, Marie, also had her head cut off. The Revolution of France had frightened the other kings of Europe. Armies from Austria and Prussia began to march against France. The French raised republican armies to defend the nation. The Revolution went through a period of terror. Thousands of people lost their lives. In the end, power passed to Napoleon Bonaparte. (190 words) 法国大革命于 1789 年爆发。当时法国正处经济衰退中,政府腐败,人民生活凄惨。路易十六世企图控制议会并增加赋 税,但最后失败了。他命令军队进入凡尔赛。人民都认为他企图用武力镇压革命。1789 年 7 月 14 日,人民群众猛攻并 占领了关押政治犯的巴士底狱。从那天以后,7 月 14 日就被定为法国的国庆日。1792 年,路易十六企图逃离法国,并 从奥地利和普鲁士获得支持,但他被捕了。1792 年王室被废除,路易十六被处以死刑。几个月后,他的妻子玛丽也被 处以死刑。法国大革命令欧洲其它国家的国王感到害怕。奥地利和普鲁士的军队进入了法国。法国人民组织起了共和 军来保卫祖国,革命陷入了一个艰苦阶段。成千上万的人牺牲了。最后,权力落入了拿破仑q波拿巴手中。 q3 11. What’s this passage about? A. France B. King Louis C. The French Revolution D. Europe 答案:C 题解:此题考查主旨大意归纳能力。题干的意思为:本文是关于什么的? 1) 了解主旨大意需要通观全篇,不能只看某些细节。 2) 从全文可知,文章讲的全是法国大革命的事:介绍法国大革命的时间、事由和最后的结果。选项 C 意为:法国大革 命,符合对问题的回答,因此正确选项为 C。 3) 选项 A 意为:“法国”;选项 B 意为:“路易国王”;选项 D 意为:“ 欧洲”。 12. Which did not happen in 1789? A. The French Revolution broke out. B. The national economy was developing rapidly. C. The government wasn’t well run. D. King Louis XIV was in power. 答案:B 题解:此题考查细节判断能力。题干的意思为:哪件事不是发生在 1789 年? ? 1)选项 A 意为:法国革命爆发,从文章的第一句 “The French Revolution broke out in 1789”可知是 1789 年的 事实; 2)选项 C 意为:政府腐败,从文章的第三句“The government was badly run and people’s lives were miserable.” 可知是 1789 年的事实; 3)选项 D 意为:路易十六执政,从文章的第 2、3 行可知 1789 年确实是路易十六执政。选项 A,B,C 全是 1789 年法国 发生的事实。 4)选项 B:国家经济快速发展,文章中没有提及到当时法国的经济。 13. Where were the political prisoners kept? D. In Bastille. A. In Versailles. B. In Austria. C. In Prussia. 答案:D 题解:此题考查事实细节判断能力。题干的意思为:那些政治犯被关押在哪里?此题为细节判断题。 1) 选项 A 意为:在凡尔赛(宫); 2) 选项 B 意为:在奥地利; 3) 选项 C 意为:在普鲁士; 4) 选项 D 意为: 在巴士底狱。 从文章的第七句 “On July 14,1789, they stormed and took the Bastille, where political prisoners were kept.”可知,政治犯是关在 Bastille(巴士底狱)的。 14. What does the underlined word “abolished ” mean? A. put off B. established C. united D. ended 答案:D 题解:此题考查词汇理解能力。题干的意思为:有下划线的“abolished ”这个词是什么意思?1)选项 A 意为: 推迟,拖延; 2)选项 B 意为:建立,确立,创办; 3)选项 C 的意思为:联合,合并; 4)选项 D 意为:终止、废除,与 abolish 的意思“废止,革除”最接近。 15. What was NOT the effect of the Revolution? A. July 14 has become the French National Day. B. It brought some impact on the other European kings. C. Louis’s wife Marie was killed. D. The king tried to control the national parliament. 答案:D 题解:此题考查细节判断能力。题干的意思为:以下哪个不是法国大革命产生的效果? 1)选项 A 意为:7 月 14 日已经成为法国的国庆节,从文章的“Ever since that day, July 14 has been the French National Day”可知,7 月 14 日是法国的国庆节; 2)选项 B 意为:对欧洲其他国王产生了影响,从文章的“The Revolution of France had frightened the other kings of Europe”可知,法国大革命对欧洲其他国王产生了冲击和影响;4 3)选项 C 意为:路易的妻子玛丽被杀了,从文章的“A few months later his wife, Marie , also had her head cut off”可知,玛丽被杀是事实; 4)选项 D 意为:国王试图控制议会,从文章可知,国王想要控制议会,才导致了国王和议会的不和,人民的不满,才 爆发了革命。因此,选项 A,B,C 都是法国大革命的结果,而 D 是爆发革命的原因,不是革命的结果。因此,答案为 D。 Passage 2 In the United States, it is not customary to telephone someone very early in the morning. If you telephone him early in the day, while he is shaving or having breakfast, the time of the call shows that the matter is very important and requires immediate attention. The same meaning is attached to telephone calls made after 11:00 p.m. If someone receives a call during sleeping hours, he assumes it’s a matter of life or death. The time chosen for the call communicates its importance. In social life, time plays a very important part. In the U.S.A. guests tend to feel they are not highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date. But it is not true in all countries. In other areas of the world, it may be considered foolish to make an appointment too far in advance because plans which are made for a date more than a week away tend to be forgotten. The meaning of time differs in different parts of the world. Thus, misunderstandings arise between people from different cultures that treat time differently. Promptness is valued highly in American life, for example. If people are not prompt, they may be regarded as impolite or not fully responsible. In the U.S. no one would think of keeping a business associate waiting for an hour, it would be too impolite. A person who is 5 minutes late, will say a few words of explanation, though perhaps he will not complete the sentence. (260 words) 在美国,一般不习惯每天很早打电话给某个人。如果你很早打电话给他,在他刮胡子或吃早饭的时候,那就说明这件 事情非常重要,需要立刻处理。晚上十一点以后打电话也是同样的意思。如果一个人在睡觉的时候接到电话,那他肯 定觉得这是一件事关生死的大事。打电话的时间也显示事情的重要程度。在社会生活中,时间是一个非常重要的角色。 在美国,如果在宴会三四天前才受到邀请,那受邀者就会认为自己不是很受重视。但并不是在所有的国家都如此。在 世界上的其它地方,提前很多时候做约定被认为是很愚蠢的,因为约好一个星期以后的事情很容易忘记。所以时间的 意义在不同的地方是不一样的。因此,来自不同文化背景的人之间就会产生误会。举个例子,准时在美国社会是受到 高度认可的。如果某些人不准时,就会被认为不礼貌或不够负责任。在美国,没有一个人会把一次商务活动和等待一 小时联系起来,这太不礼貌了。一个人如果迟到五分钟,就要作出解释,也许这还不够。 16. What is the main idea of this passage? A. It is not customary to telephone someone in the morning and in sleeping hours in the U.S. B. The role of time in social life over the world. C. If people are not prompt, they may be regarded as impolite or not fully responsible in the U.S. D. Not every country treats the concept of time as the same. 答案:B 题解:此题考查主旨大意归纳能力。题干的意思为:以下哪项表达了本文的中心思想? 1)从全文可知,文章主要介绍时间在社会生活中扮演的角色。 2)选项 A 的意思为:人们一般不习惯每天很早或在睡觉的时间打电话给某个人,这个选项的意思有点偏颇,文章不仅 讲述了打电话的礼貌,还讲述了提前预约、遵守时间、不同文化的时间差异等; 3)选项 B 的意思为:世界各地时间在社会生活中扮演的角色,较全面地概括了文章主要的意思,符合问题的回答; 4)选项 C 的意思为:在美国如果不守时,则被认为对他人不礼貌或不够尊重,其概括意思太偏,不是问题的最佳答案; 5)选项 D 的意思为:每个国家对待时间的观念不一样,文章只有一句话提及该方面内容,该选项不能概括文章大意。 17. What does it mean in the passage if you call someone during his or her sleeping hours? A. A matter of work. B. A matter of life or death. C. You want to see him or her. D. You want to make an appointment with him or her. 答案:B 题解:此题考查事实细节判断能力。题干的意思为:根据本文,如果你在某人睡觉时间打电话给他,意味着什么? 1)从全文前 1-5 句话可知:在美国,一般不习惯每天很早打电话给某个人。如果你很早打电话给他,在他刮胡子或吃 早饭的时候,那就说明这件事情非常重要,需要立刻处理。晚上十一点以后打电话也是同样的意思。如果一个人在睡 觉的时候接到电话,那他肯定觉得这是一件生死攸关的大事。 2)选项 A 的意思为:有关工作的事情,不符合文章原意; 3)选项 B 的意思为:一件事关生死的大事,符合文章原意; 4)选项 C 的意思为:你想见他或她,不符合文章原意; 5)选项 D 的意思为:你想跟他或她进行一个约会安排。5 18. Which of the following time is proper if you want to make an appointment with your friend? A. at 7:00 am. B. at 4:00 pm. C. at the night. D. at 4:00 am. 答案:B 题解:此题考查推理判断能力。题干的意思为:如果你想约你的朋友,以下哪个时间是比较恰当的? 1)从 17 题的具体解析可知:太早或太晚打电话都是不合适的。 2)选项 A 的意思为:早上 7 点,这个时间一般为洗漱或吃早饭时间,打电话太早; 3)选项 B 的意思为:下午 4 点,这个时间不早也不晚,符合问题的要求; 4)选项 C 的意思为:晚上(night 尤指夜开始深了的时候,注意:evening 指傍晚,黄昏),不是问题的最佳答案; 5)选项 D 的意思为:早上 4 点,这个时间太早了,一般人们都还在睡梦中,不是打电话的恰当时间。 19. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? A. In the U.S.A guests tend to feel they are highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four days before the party date. B. There is no misunderstanding arising between people from different cultures about the concept of time. C. It may be considered foolish to make an appointment well in advance in the U.S.A.. D. Promptness is valued highly in American life. 答案:D 题解:此题考查是非判断能力。题干的意思为:根据本文,以下哪项陈述是正确的? 1)做这种题型的阅读理解,要求在浏览原文的过程中要找到与四个选项所表述内容相关的语句。 2)选项 A 表述的是 “… are highly regarded”,与原文的第七句话“are not highly regarded”不符; 3)选项 B “ …no misunderstanding arising between people”与原文的第十一句话: “Thus, misunderstandings arise between people from different cultures that treat time differently.”不符; 4)选项 C“在美国提前预约也许会被视为是愚蠢的事情”,与原文的第 7-9 句话不符;5)选项 D 在原文的倒数第四句 话有明确的表述,是正确选项。 20. From the passage we can safely infer that __________. A. it’s a matter of life or death if you call someone in day time B. the meaning of time differs in different parts of the world C. it makes no difference in the U.S. whether you are early or late for a business party D. if a person is late for a date, he needn’t make some explanation 答案:B 题解:此题考查推理判断能力。题干的意思是:从文章可以安全地推断出------。 1)要求对整篇文章内容进行推断判定,对于这种题型,需要在理解整篇文章内容的基础上来考查选项。 2)选项 A 意为 “如果在白天打电话给某人是关系到生死的事情” 与原文不符。文章所表述的是在早上或晚上给某人 打电话才会被认为是生死攸关的事情; 3)选项意为“世界上不同地方的时间概念各不相同”,在文章的倒数第 6 句话: “The meaning of time differs in different parts of the world.”有明确表述; 4)根据文章的最后两句话可以判定选项 C 和 D 的表述错误,因此正确答案为 B。 Passage 3 A foreigner's first impression of the U.S. is likely to be that everyone is in a rush and often under pressure. City people always appear to be hurrying to get where they are going restlessly, seeking attention in a store, and elbowing others as they try to complete their errands(任务). Racing through daytime meals is part of the pace of life in this country. Working time is considered precious. Others in public eating places are waiting for you to finish so that they too can be served and get back to work within the time allowed. Each person hurries to make room for the next person. If you don’t, waiters will hurry you. You also find drivers will be abrupt and people will push past you. You will miss smiles, brief conversations, and small courtesies with strangers. Don't take it personally. This is because people value time highly, and they resent someone else &wasting& it beyond a certain courtesy point. The view of time affects the importance we attach to patience. In the American system of values, patience is not a high priority. Many of us have what might be called “a short fuse.” We begin to move restlessly about if we feel time is slipping away without some re-turns in terms of pleasure, work value, or rest.6 Those coming from lands where time is looked upon differently may find this matter of pace to be one of their most difficult adjustments in both business and daily life. Many newcomers to the States will miss the opening courtesy of a business call. For example, they will miss the ritual interaction that goes with a welcoming cup of tea or coffee that may be a convention in their own country. They may miss leisurely business chats in a café or coffee house. Normally, Americans do not assess their visitors in such relaxed surroundings over prolonged small talks. We seek out evidence of past performance rather than evaluate a business colleague through social courtesies. Since we generally assess and probe professionally rather than socially, we start talking business very quickly.(348 words) 一个外国人对于美国的第一印象很有可能是每个人都在压力下匆匆忙忙。城市里的人总是表现得匆匆忙忙不知疲倦, 为了尽快做完一件事情,他们会在店里拼命引起店员的注意或者用胳膊肘推搡别人。白天匆忙就餐也是这个国家生活 节奏的一个部分。 工作时间被认为是很珍贵的。在一些公共饮食场所,其他人会在你旁边等你吃完,这样大家都可以得到服务,并赶在 规定的时间内回去工作。每个人都会尽快给下一个人腾出地方。如果你不这样,侍者会催促你的。 你会发现司机也都很匆忙,人们从你身边匆匆走过。你会错过一些微笑、简短的交谈和一些与陌生人的小礼节。不要 在意,这是因为他们非常珍惜时间,而且他们认为,一旦太注重这些社交礼节就会浪费时间。 对时间的观念还会影响到我们对耐心的理解。在美国价值体系中,耐心并不是首要考虑的事情。我们中的很多人被称 为”短保险丝”。如果我们觉得时间在毫无意义的溜走,在娱乐、工作价值或休息方面得不到回报,那么就会开始不 停地徘徊。那些来自时间观念不同的国家的人发现他们在商业和日常生活中最困难的就是对时间节奏的适应。 许多刚到美国来的人都会想念他们在商业会谈中一些开场礼节。举个例子,他们会想念因欢迎你到来而泡的一杯茶或 咖啡这样的社交礼仪,这在他们国家是常规礼仪。他们会想念在咖啡屋悠闲的会谈。而通常,美国人不会与来访者在 这么悠闲的环境中进行一些冗长的小会谈。对于同事,我们总是看他过去的表现而不是与他的社交礼仪。因为我们一 般都是更注重职业性,而不是社交性,因此我们总是很快进入正题。 21. Which of the following statements is wrong? _________ A. Americans seem to be always under pressure. B. Americans attach less importance to patience. C. Americans don’t care much about ritual socializing. D. Americans are impolite to their business colleagues. 答案:D 题解:此题考查是非判断能力。题干的意思为:以下哪项陈述是错误的? 1)选项 A 意为:美国人好像总在承受着压力,从文章第一句“A foreigner's first impression of the U.S. is likely to be that everyone is in a rush and often under pressure.”可知是正确的; 2)选项 B 意为:美国人觉得耐心不是很重要,从文章第四段的第二句“In the American system of values, patience is not a high priority. ”可知,在美国价值体系中,耐心并不是首先要考虑的; 3)选项 C 意为:美国人不太注重社交礼仪,从文章的最后一句可知,美国人一般都是更注重职业性,而不是社交性的; 4) 选项 D 意为:美国人对他们的同事不礼貌。文章中提到,美国人不太有耐心,不在乎社交礼节等是他们珍惜时间的 表现,不是对同事不礼貌。 22. In the fourth paragraph, “a high priority” means _________. A. a less important thing B. a first concern C. a good business D. an attractive gift 答案:B 题解:此题考查词汇推测能力。题干的意思为:第四段里划了下划线的“a high priority”是什么意思。 1)选项 A 意为:不重要的事; 2)选项 B 意为:首要考虑之事; 3)选项 C 意为:一桩好买卖; 4)选项 D 意为:诱人的礼物。 5)priority 的意思是“优先”,“a high priority”与选项 B“首要考虑之事”意思最接近。 23. Americans evaluate a business colleague ___________. A. through social courtesy B. through prolonged business talks C. by establishing business relations D. by learning about their past performance 答案:D 题解:此题考查细节判断题。题干的意思为:美国人评价他们同事的根据是什么?7 1)选项 A 意为:通过社交礼仪,从文章最后一句话“Since we generally assess and probe professionally rather than socially, we start talking business very quickly”可知,美国人一般都是更注重职业性的,而不是社交性 的; 2)选项 B 意为:通过长时间的交谈,从文章最后一段可知,美国人不会与来访者在这么悠闲的环境中进行冗长的小会 谈; 3)选项 C 意为:通过建立商业关系; 4)选项 D 意为:通过了解他们过去的表现,从最后一段的“We seek out evidence of past performance rather than evaluate a business colleague through social courtesies.”可知,美国人是“看同事过去的表现而不是看与他 的社交礼仪”。 24. This passage mainly talks about ___________. A. how Americans treasure their time B. how busy Americans are every day C. how Americans do business with foreigners D. what American way of life is like 答案:A 题解:此题考查主旨大意归纳能力。题干的意思为:文章主要是讲什么? 1)选项 A 意为:美国人是如何珍惜时间的,统观全篇,都是从不同的角度谈论美国人是如何珍惜时间的,因此正确选 项为 A。 2)选项 B 意为:美国人每天是多么忙碌; 3)选项 C 意为:美国人是如何和外国人做生意的; 4)选项 D 意为:美国人的生活方式是怎样的。 25. We can infer from the passage that the author’s tone in writing is _______________. A. critical B. ironical C. appreciative D. objective 答案:C 题解:此题考查作者语气判断能力。题干的意思为:从本文我们可以看出作者写作的口吻是什么? 1)本文作者在讲述美国人的特征、性格、为人准则等时充满了自豪,所以选项 C“赞美的”是正确的。 2) 选项 A 意为:批评的; 3) 选项 B 意为:讽刺的; 4) 选项 D 意为:客观的。 三、词汇与结构(1’*20) 26. Professor Smith promised to look ________ my paper, that is, to read it carefully before the defence. B. over C. on D. into A. after 答案:B 题解:本题考查短语的搭配及辨析。题目意思为:史密斯教授已经答应帮我看一下我的论文,这就是说要在答辩前再 仔细看一下。 1) 选项 B “look over”的意思是“浏览、阅读”,最符合题意。 2) 选项 A . “look after”的意思是“照顾、照看”; 3) 选项 C. “look on”的意思是“认为、看待”; 4) 选项 D “look into”的意思是“调查”。 27. Our house is about a mile from the railway station and there are not many houses __________ A. in between B. far apart C. among them D. from each other 答案:A 题解:本题考查词汇的辨析与正确使用。题目意思为:我们家离火车站大概一英里左右,而且中间房子不多。 1)选项 A “in between”的意思是“在中间”指两者之间,根据上下文最符合题意; 2)选项 B “far apart”的意思是“离得很远”,句子里说“我家离火车站大概一英里左右”,与“离得很远”逻辑 上不一致; 3)选项 C “among them”的意思是“他们中间”,指三者以上; 4)选项 D 的意思是“相互”,一般指人与人之间。 28. As the bus came round the corner, it ran ________ a big tree by the roadside. A. into B. on C. over D. up 答案:A 题解:本题考查短语的搭配与辨析。题目意思为:汽车开到转角时与路边的一棵大树相撞了。8 1)选项 A 2)选项 B 3)选项 C 4)选项 D“ran “ran “ran “runinto”的意思是“撞上、碰上”,最符合题意; on”的意思是“流逝、涉及”; over”的意思是“溢出”; up”的意思是“高涨、高速运转”。29. On average, a successful lawyer has to talk to several ________ a day. A. customers B. supporters C. guests D. clients 答案:D 题解:本题考查名词的辨析。题目意思为:一般一个成功的律师一天要接待好几个客户。 1)选项 D “client”的意思是“客户、委托人”,最符合题意。 2)选项 A “customer”的意思是“消费者”; 3)选项 B “supporter”的意思是“支持者”; 4)选项 C “guest”的意思是“宾客”。 30. What is the train ___________ to Birmingham? A. fee B. trip C. fare D. cost 答案:C 题解:本题考查词汇的辨析与正确使用。题目意思为:到伯明翰的火车票多少钱? 1)选项 C “fare” 指旅客乘公共汽车、出租车、火车、轮船、飞机等所支付的费用,最符合题意。 2)选项 A “fee”的意思是“薪金,小费” 3)选项 B “trip”的意思是“短途旅行”; 4)选项 D “cost”的意思是“成本”、“原价”,常常用来表示对已取得的货物或劳务所支付的费用。 5)其他表示费用的单词还有其实 expense 主要是“花费”、 “开支”之意, current expenses“日常开支”, 如 selling expenses“销售费用”,travelling expenses“旅费”等等, charge (n.) “原价、要价”。常用复数,主要用于一 次性劳务所收取的费用, 如服务费、 行李超重费、 旅馆费等等 , freight (n.) 运费, 指海运、 空运、 陆运的费用, postage (n . ) 指 邮费,tip (n.) 通常指对一次性劳务所付的小费。,toll (n.) 道路、桥梁、港口、市场的捐税、通行费 及电话费等,tuition 学费 31. The student were all entertained in a Mexican restaurant, at Professor Brian’s ________ C. expense D. loss A. money B. pay 答案:C 题解:本题考查短语的固定搭配。题目意思为:布朗教授在一家墨西哥餐厅请学生吃饭。 at sb.’s expense 花某人的钱,由某人买单,是固定搭配。 32. Tom, what did you do with my documents? I have never seen such a ________ and disorder! A. mass B. mess C. guess D. bus 答案:B 题解:本题考查名词的辨析。题目意思为:汤姆,你把我的文件搞成什么样了?我从来没见这么乱过。 1)选项 B “mess”的意思是“混乱”,与后面的 disorder 逻辑上一致,最符合题意。 2)选项 A. “mass”的意思是“大规模的”; 3)选项 C. “guess”的意思是“猜测”; 4)选项 D. “bus”的意思是“公共汽车”。 33. If she wants to stay thin, she must make a __________ in her diet. A. change B turn C. run D. go 答案:A 题解:本题考查短语的搭配及辨析。题目意思为:如果她想保持身材苗条,就必须在饮食有所改变。 1)选项 A “make a change”的意思是“转变”; 2)选项 B “make a turn”的意思是“转弯”; 3)选项 C 和选项 D 不能与 make a 搭配使用。 34. _________ the War of Independence, the United States was an English colony. A. Before B. At C. In D. Between 答案:A 题解:此题考查介词的辨析。题目意思为:在独立战争以前,美国是英国的一个殖民地。 1)选项 A “before”的意思是“在……之前”,最符合题意。 2)选项 B “at”表示在具体的某一时间点,如 at nine o’clock;9 3)选项 C 表示时间段,如 in 1789; 4)选项 D 表示“两者之间”,如 between nine and eleven。 35. You shouldn’t ________ your time like that, B you have to finish your school work tonight. A. cut B. do C. kill D. kick 答案:C 题解:本题考查短语的固定搭配。题目意思为:鲍勃,你不该那样浪费时间;你今晚得完成学校得作业。选项 C “kill one’s time”的意思是“消磨时光”,固定用法,其他选项均不符合习惯。 36. When Lily came home at 5 pm yesterday, her mother ______dinner in the kitchen. A. cooked B. was cooking C. cooks D. has cooked 答案:B 题解:本题考查动词时态的正确用法。题目意思为:莉莉昨天五点钟回家时,她妈妈正在厨房里做晚饭。 1)英语中表示某时某刻进行的动作要用进行时态。常用的时间状语有“now”“at the/this moment”等(现在、 正在)。The students are having an English class. 同学们现在上英语课。The teacher was teaching them English when I passed by the classroom. 我经过教室时老师正在教他们英语。 2)本题的时间点是“昨天下午五点钟莉莉回家的时候”,“昨天下午五点”是过去的某个时间,所以应该用过去 进行时态。 B 是四个选项中 B 是唯一能表示进行时态的选项,所以答案为 B. was cooking 。 37. Did you notice the guy _________head looked like a big potato? A. who B. which C. whose D. whom 答案:C 题解:本题考查定语从句关系代词的用法。先行词是人"the guy", 且关系代词在从句中作定语时用 whose 引导定语 从句。题目意思为:你注意到那个头看上去像个大土豆得家伙了吗? 1) 当先行词是人时,可以用 who, whose,whom 引导定语从句, whose 在从句中作定语;who 作主语;whom 作宾语; 2) 当先行词是物时,用 which 或者 that 引导定语从句,非限制性定语从句不能用 that 引导。 38. Both the kids and their parents __________English, I think. I know it from their accent. C. are D. was A. is B. been 答案:C 题解:本题考查主谓语的一致性。题目意思为:我想,这些孩子和他们的父母都是英格兰人。从他们的口音我可以知 道。 用 both 连接的并列主语,其谓语动词要用复数形式。所以答案为C。 39. Never before _________ see such a terrible car accident on the road! D did I A. I have B. have I C. I did 答案:D 题解:本题考查句子的倒装。题目意思为:我从来没有看到过这么恐怖的一起交通事故。 当Never/Seldom/Hardly 等置于句首时,句子采用倒装形式,本句谓语动词是 see 的过去形式,要用助动词 did 引起 倒装。 40. John’s father _________ mathematics in this school ever since he graduated from Harvard University. A. taught B. teaches C. has taught D. is teaching 答案:C 题解:本题考查时态的正确用法。题目意思为:约翰的爸爸从哈佛大学毕业后就一直在这所学校里教数学。 在 since/ever since 表示时间的句子里,一般用相应的完成时态,所以正确选项为C。 41. Every year thousands of lives ________ in road accidents because of careless driving. A. lose B. lost C. have lost D. are lost 答案:D 题解:本题考查被动语态的用法。题目意思为:每年都有数以千计的人因为不小心驾驶而在车祸中丧身。 1) 为了强调或突出动作的承受者时,英语中要用被动语态。 E.g.Five people were hurt in the explosion. 五个人在这次爆炸中受伤。 2) 本句中强调每年成千上万的人丧生,用被动语态。四个选项中只有 D 是符合被动语态的要求的,所以答案为 D。 42. The young lady coming over to us _______ our E the way she walks tells us that! A. must be B. can be C. would be D. could be 答案:A10 题解:本题考查情态动词 must 表推测的用法。此题意思为:那个正朝我们走来的年轻女子肯定是我们的英语老师;她 走路的样子就告诉我们了。 1)must 表示推测时,可以推测现在/正在发生的动作/过去发生的动作。 He must have a car now. (现在)他一定有辆小汽车。 He must be doing his exercises in the classroom.(正在进行)他一定在教室里做练习。 He must have finished the work.(过去发生)他一定已完成了工作。 注:must 表示推测时很少用于将来的情况。一般不用 He must come tomorrow. 可用 It`s certain / I`m sure that he will come tomorrow. 2)must 表推测时不用于否定句,表示否定的推测时,can’t / couldn’t 语气最强,指“不可能”,带有惊异、怀疑的感情 色彩。 3)本句中 must 用于肯定句,表示较有把握的推测,意为“准是,一定”。后面接动词原形,表示对现在的推测。 43. Had you come five minutes earlier, you _________ the train to Birmingham. But now you missed it. A. would catch B. would have caught C. could catch D. should catch 答案:B 题解:本题考查虚拟语气的用法。题目意思为:要是你早来五分钟,你就能赶上那班去伯明翰的火车了。但现在你错 过了。 虚拟语气几乎是必考的内容,基本用法如下:【虚拟语气用于非真实条件句】 条件从句 主句 现在事实相反 过去事实相反 If 主语 + were/过去时 If 主语 + had + 过去分词 主语+should/would/could/might+动词原形 主语+should/would/could/might+ have+过去 分词If 主语 +should/were 主语+should/would/could/might+动词原形 与将来事实相反或极 不可能实现的情况 to + 动词原形 本句是对过去发生的事情的虚拟,应该是主语+should/would/could/might+ have+过去分词 44. Eggs, though rich in nourishments, have ________ of fat. A. a large number B. the large number C. a large number D. the large number答案:C 题解:本题考查量词的用法。题目意思为:尽管鸡蛋营养丰富,但它含有大量的脂肪。 1) an amount of 和 a number of 都可以表示“大量的”。 2) an amount of 修饰不可数名词,a number of 修饰可数名词,fat(脂肪)是不可数名词,因此答案为 C。 45. No matter _________, the little sisters managed to round the sheep up and drive them back home safely. A. it was snowing B. hard it was snowing D. how hard it was snowing C. how it was snowing hard 答案:D 题解:本题考查 no matter…后接疑问词的用法。题目意思为:不管雪下的多大,两个小姐妹还是安全地把羊拢起来赶 回了家。 no matter…后接疑问词: 1)no matter how+ 副词或者形容词: e.g. No matter how hard he works, he can not get a promotion. 不管他工作多努力, 他就是得不到提升。 2)no matter what+名词或者代词: e.g. No matter what you may do, do it well. 不论你做什么,好好地做。 3) no matter who e.g. No matter who he is, he must obey the law. 不论他是什么人,他必须遵守法律。 特别注意:“ wh-ever 与 no matter wh-”引起的让步状语从句可以互换: No matter what happened, he would not mind.=Whatever happened, he would not mind. No matter who you are, you must keep the law.=Whoever you are, you must keep the law.四、完形填空(1’*10)11 There were once three sons of a wealthy businessman. ___46 they met, the two eldest, who were twins, __47__to quarrel about which of them should be his father's heir(继承人). The youngest, who was not __48___ambitious (野心勃勃的), took no part in their arguments. As soon as they left home, the father arranged for an adequate income to be provided for __49___of them, but insisted that apart from this they were to be financially self-supporting. The __50___twin, who had the advantage of good looks and a striking personality, decided that he would take up the stage __51__ a career. He __52 a small repertory company, acted in minor parts, was invariably unpunctual at rehearsals and was accordingly __53____with his fellow-actors. He earned little and so had to live mainly on his allowance. He occasionally thought of ___54____ his profession, but always put off ___55___ a decision, and he became increasingly bored and disillusioned. (164 words) 从前有个富商,他有三个儿子。无论他们何时遇到,两个大的,也就是一对双胞胎,都要为谁是他们父亲的继承人而 争吵。而最小的一个,没有丝毫的野心,从不加入他们的争吵。就在他们要出去找工作时,他们的父亲为他们每个人 提供了一笔足够的收入,但除此以外,必须经济独立。双胞胎中的老大,因为相貌出众且个性鲜明,决定当演员。他 加入了一个小型的戏剧公司,担任了一些小角色,但他排练总是不准时,同事们因此都不喜欢他。他挣的钱很少,所 以主要靠他父亲给他的钱生活。他偶尔会想要换个工作,但总是下不了决心,因此变得越来越烦躁,越来越迷茫。 46. A. whatever B. whenever C. wherever D. however 答案:B 题解:本题考查语义衔接。题目意思为:“无论他们何时遇到,两个大的,也就是一对双胞胎,都要为谁是他们父亲 的继承人而争吵”,强调的是无论何时遇到,而不是无论在哪见面或以什么方式见面。故选 B whenever。 四个选项均为连词引导让步状语从句,whatever 无论什么;whenever 无论何时;wherever 无论哪里;however 无论何 种方式。 47. A. are used B. used C. using D. are using 答案:B 题解:本题考查词义辨析及语义衔接。题目意思为:“过去常常为谁是父亲的继承人而争吵”。 be used to doing 习惯于做……, used to do 过去常常做……。 48. A. at least B. at most C. in the least D. in the most 答案:C 题解:本题考查词组辨析。题目意思为:“小儿子一点野心也没有”。 at least 至少;at most 最多;in the least 一点,丝毫,常与否定词连用;in the most 没有此搭配。故正确选项 为 C. in the least。 49. A. every B. all C. each D. none 答案:C 题解:本题考查单词辨析及语义衔接。题目的意思是:“父亲为他们每个人提供了一笔足够的收入”。 every 每个;all 所有;each 每个;none 没有一个。every 只能用作形容词,不能用作代词;all 强调整体,each 强调个体。故正确选项为 C. each。 D. elder 50. A. first B. older C. younger 答案:D 题解:本题考查语义衔接。题目意思是: “双胞胎中的老大,因为相貌出众且个性鲜明,决定当演员”。first 第一个; older 老些的;younger 年轻的;elder 年长的。此处应选择长幼排行有关的词,younger 指弟弟,妹妹,elder 指哥哥, 姐姐。英文中介绍人物通常从年长的开始介绍。故选 D elder。 51. A. is B. as C. be D. / 答案:B 题解:本题考查介词 as 的用法,表示“作为”。题目的意思是:“双胞胎中的老大,因为相貌出众且个性鲜明,决定 把舞台表演作为自己的职业”。 is 和 be 放在本句中就出现两个动词,语法错误,排除选项 A 和 C。故正确选项为 B. as。 52. A. joined B. attended C. went D. joined in 答案:A 题解:本题考查单词辨析。题目的意思是: 他加入了一个小型的戏剧公司……。 1)attend a meeting/school/lecture 表出席; 2)join 加入(组织),表示成为其中一员。句中意思为加入戏剧公司,成为一员。故选 A joined。 3)join in 参与(活动);12 4)went 要与 to 搭配表“去……”。 53. A. popular B. unpopular C. welcome D. unwelcome 答案:B 题解:本题考查语义衔接及固定搭配。题目的意思是:……同事们因此都不喜欢他。 1) 根据上文“他排练总是不准时”及“accordingly 相应地”推测“他是不受欢迎的”,因此排除 popular 和 welcome。 2)固定介词搭配不受……欢迎。故选 B unpopular。 54. A. living B. turning C. ending D. changing 答案:D 题解:本题考查语义衔接。题目的意思是:他偶尔会想要换个工作……。 1)前文提到父亲会给他们钱,但是也要求他们能够经济独立,所以他不会是结束工作,而是换工作。故选 D changing。 2)live 是不及物动词,后面不接宾语,不符合语法规则;turn 表示翻转,不符合上下文逻辑。 55. A. making B. make C. decide D. deciding 答案:A 题解:本题考查固定搭配。题目的意思是:他总是下不了决心……。 1)put off doing sth.推迟做…… 2)make a decision 做决定,是固定搭配。put off making a decision 为正确答案。 3) decide a decision 不符合习惯。 五、英译中(15’) 56. Wang Li’s father has taught English here since he graduated from Peking University. 题解:本句是一个复合句,包含有一个主句 Wang Li’s father has taught English here 和一个时间状语从句 since he graduated from Peking University。 主句中主语是 Wang Li’s father“王丽的父亲”;谓语是 has taught“教”(现在完成时态);宾语是 English“英 语”;地点状语 here“这里”。时间状语从句 since he graduated from Peking University.的意思是“从北京大学 毕业后”。因此,正确的翻译是: 答案:王丽的父亲从北京大学毕业后就一直在这里教英语。 57. Please give this book to whoever comes first. 题解:本句是一个祈使句,没有主语;谓语动词是 give“给”;直接宾语是 this book“这本书”;间接宾语是 whoever “任何人”;comes first 作定语修饰 whoever,意思是“最先来的人”。因此,正确翻译为: 答案:请把这本书给最先来的人。 58. Though it was late, they kept on working. 题解: 本句是一个复杂句, Though it was late 是让步状语从句, 意思是 “尽管很晚了” 主句是 they kept on working, 。 其中主语是 they“他们”;谓语动词是 kept on working “一直工作”。因此,正确翻译为: 答案:尽管已经很晚了,他们还在继续工作。 59. Bill hit his car into a wall last night. 题解:本句是一个简单句,主句是 Bill “比尔”;谓语动词是 hit“撞”;宾语是 car“小车”;last night“昨晚” 是时间状语。因此,正确翻译为: 答案:昨晚比尔开车时撞到了墙上。 60. Would you please help me with this heavy box? 题解:本句是一个请求问句,Would you please 表示请求,意思是“你能够”;谓语动词是 help “帮助”;宾语是 me “我”;with this heavy box 意思是“(抬一下)这个很沉的箱子”。因此,正确翻译为: 答案:你能帮我抬一下这个很沉的箱子吗? 六、写作(15’) 1. 2. 3. Sports 你喜欢什么运动 你如何喜欢上这项运动 运动对你有什么好处(工作、学习和生活) Sports13 Just as lots of teenagers take to pop music, I love basketball. It’s part of my life. I began to play basketball in my childhood. I still remember the good old days when I played with my classmates after school. Later on, as I grew up, almost everything changed, but this sport―playing basketball remained and my love of it grew even stronger. I love this sport because it brings joys and health to my life. When I got tired from office work, I went to the sports ground and felt refreshed. If there were worries and cares from daily life, I went to the sports ground. There everything went away except basketball. It is basketball that keeps me in good shape and mood. 就像很多年轻人喜欢流行音乐一样,我喜欢篮球。这是我生活的一部分。我从孩提时代开始就打篮球了。我至今仍记 得那些放学后和同学一起打球的旧日好时光。后来,当我慢慢长大,几乎所有的事情都改变了,除了篮球这项运动, 它仍然是我的所爱,而且我对它的爱与日俱增。 我喜欢这项运动是因为它给我的生活带来欢乐和健康。当我厌倦了办公室工作,我来到运动场并感到精力很快恢复了。 如果日常生活给我带来了烦恼和顾虑,我来到运动场。在那里,除了篮球,所有的一切都离我远去。是篮球让我保持 了好心情和好体型。14 Test 2第一部分:交际用语(共 10 题;每小题 1 分,满分 10 分) 1. Who’s that speaking? This is Tom__________. A. speaks B. spoken C. speaking D. saying 答案:C 题解: 此题考查表达接电话用语问题。句子意思为:你是谁?回答为:我是 Tom。 问对方是谁时说 Who’s that?/Who’s that speaking? 不可说 Who are you?回答时, This is Tom.(speaking ).或 This is Tom 说 here.不可说 I’m…. 2. I’m sorry. I lost the key. ______________. A. Well, it’s OK B. No, it’s all right C. You are welcome D. You are wrong 答案:A 题解: 此题考查表达道歉交际用语问题。句子意思为:对不起,我的钥匙丢了。回答为:没关系。 Well, it’s OK. 是“没有关系”的意思,符合英语交际用语习惯,是正确选项。 You are welcome.是“你不要客气”的意思,一般在对方很友好的道谢的时候回答。 That is all right. 作为感谢用语的答语。当你为别人做了好事,别人对你表示感谢时,你常用它来做答语。意思是“不 用谢,不客气。 作为道歉用语的答语。用于对别人的道歉所做出的礼貌回答。意思是“没关系,不要紧,没什么。 ” ” Not at all.是“完全不”的意思,是在对方申请干什么事征求你的同意时回答的。 It’s my pleasure. 是“这是我应该做的”意思,一般是在做好事之后别人道谢时回答的。 选项 A 的意思最符合题目要求。 3. It’s rather cold in here. Do you mind if I close the window? ____________. A. Yes, please B. No, go ahead C. Sure, please D. I don’t like it 答案:B 题解: 此题考查表达询问意见交际用语问题。句子意思为:这里相当冷,你介意我把窗关上吗?回答为:不介意,去关上吧。 1)句型 Do/Would you mind if ... 常用来表示“请求、许可”的意思。句中的 mind 作“介意”“反对”解。注意:如果用 、 Would you mind if . . . 从句中就要用虚拟语气。如: Do you mind if I close the window 关上窗户你介意吗? 2)在回答这样的句子时要特别注意:若在答语里表示“愿意(不反对),应说“No, certainly not”, “No, go ahead”, ” 或“No, of course not”。若表示“不愿意(反对)”,应说“I'm sorry, but...”、“I'm afraid you can’t”,习惯上不用 yes 来直接 回答,因为这种答语显得较生硬。 4. ____________? He teaches physics in a school. A. What does your father want to do B. Who is your father C. What is your father D. Where is your father now 答案:C 题解: 此题考查有关“职业”的询问方式。问句意思为:你爸爸是从事什么工作的?回答为:他在一所学校教物理。 1) 询问某人现在从事何种职业: What +do/does+某人+do? What+be+某人? What do you do? 你是做什么工作的? What’s your brother? 你哥哥是干什么的? 2)询问某人现在的工作地: Where + do/does+主语+work? Where do you work? 你在哪工作?I work in a factory. 我在工厂工作。 3)询问某人将来的工作: What do/does+某人+want to be? What do you want to be? 你想要从事什么职业?I want to be a reporter. 我想成为一名记者。15 5. Excuse me, how much is the jacket? It’s 499 Yuan. ________. A. Oh, no. That’s OK! B. How do you like it? C. Which do you prefer? D. Would you like to try it on? 答案:D 题解: 此题考查有关询问价格、买卖物品的交际用语问题。句子意思为:请问,这件夹克衫多少钱?回答为:499 元。你想试 一下吗? 选项的意思: A. Oh, no. That’s OK! 前后回答矛盾,不符合语境。 B. How do you like …? 就是一个用于询问别人看法的句型,这里语境不符合。 C. Which do you prefer? 你喜欢哪一件?上下文中没有询问衣服对比的意思。 D. Would you like to try it on? 你想试一下吗?try on 的意思为“试穿” ,符合语境。 6. ______ _ . Well, they got there last Wednesday. So about a week. A. When did your parents arrive at Paris? B. How long have your parents been in Paris? C. Did your parents arrive at Paris last Wednesday? D. When will your parents go to Paris? 答案:B 题解: 此题考查表达有关时间的问题。问句意思为:你父母到巴黎呆了多久了?回答为:他们上星期三到那里的。呆了差不 多一星期了。 选项的意思: A. When did your parents arrive at Paris? 你父母什么时候到的巴黎?回答为:他们上星期三到那里的。呆了差不多一星 期了。这里的回答强调,人已经早就到了巴黎,时间已经有一个星期了。因此该选项,不是语境的最佳回答。 B. How long have your parents been in Paris? 你父母到巴黎呆了多久了?根据上下文,符合语境。 C. Did your parents arrive at Paris last Wednesday? 你父母是上个星期三到的巴黎吗?根据上下文,不符合语境。 D. When will your parents go to Paris? 你父母打算什么时候去巴黎?根据上下文,人已经到了巴黎了,不能用将来时询 问,该选项不符合语境。 7. How often do you go dancing? _________. A. I will go dancing tomorrow B. Yesterday C. Every other day D. I’ve been dancing for a year 答案:C 题解: 此题考查表达时间频率的问题。句子意思为:你多久去跳一次舞?回答为:每隔一天。 区分: 1) How often 用来对某动作或状态发生的频率、 对频度副词 (always, usually, often, sometimes, never)或频度短语 (once a week, twice a day, three times a month 等)提问时用。 2)How soon 用来提问某人要“多快”能做好某事,或某事要“多快”能完成,使用将来时态,一般对 in 时间短语(in two days, in a moment 等)提问时用。 8. You know, I have three kids now. ________. A. Well, I’ve grown a mustache B. That’s terrific! C. Say, you’ve really changed your hair D. Well, I gave up drinking 答案:B 题解: 此题考查上下语境理解问题。句子意思为:你知道吗,我现在有三个孩子。回答为:太棒了! 选项的意思: A. Well, I’ve grown a mustache. 意思为:我已经长胡子了。与上文的问题不相符合,不是正确答案。 B. That’s terrific! 意思为:太棒了!与上文的问题相符合,是正确答案。 C. Say, you’ve really changed your hair. 意思为:于是你就改变了发型。与上文的问题不相符合,不是正确答案。 D. Well, I gave up drinking. 意思为:我已经戒酒了。与上文的问题不相符合,不是正确答案。16 9. How about going to dinner at the Mexican restaurant tonight? _________. A. Forget it B. Sorry, I like Mexican food C. That’s great! D. Glad you like it 答案:C 题解: 此题考查表达建议用语的问题。句子意思为:今晚去墨西哥餐厅吃饭怎么样?回答为:太好了! How about … /Shall we… 我们去…如何?(表建议) 对应回答: Sure. /Great. /Why not?That’s a good idea.可以/为什么不呢?好主意。 I’ll take your advice. 我会采纳你的建议的。 No, thanks… 不用了,谢谢…… 选项的意思: A. Forget it. 意思为:忘记它。与上文的问题不相符合,不是正确答案。 B. Sorry, I like Mexican food. 意思为:对不起,我喜欢墨西哥食物。前后回答矛盾,不是正确答案。 C. That’s great! 意思为:太好了!与上文的问题相符合,是正确答案。 D. Glad you like it. 意思为:希望你喜欢它。与上文的问题不相搭配,不是正确答案。 10. Madam, do all the buses go downtown? __________. A. Wow, you got the idea B. No, never mind C. Pretty well, I guess D. Sorry, I’ m new here 答案:D 题解: 此题考查上下语境理解问题。句子意思为:女士,请问是不是所有的公交车都开往市区?回答为:对不起,我也不是 本地人。 选项的意思: A. Wow, you got the idea. 意思为:喔,你有主义啦!与上文的问题不相符合,不是正确答案。 B. No, never mind. 意思为:不,不介意。与上文的问题不相符合,不是正确答案。 C. Pretty well, I guess. 意思为:我猜相当不错。与上文的问题不相符合,不是正确答案。 D. Sorry, I’ m new here.意思为:对不起,我也不是本地人。与上文的问题相符合,是正确答案。第二部分:阅读理解(共 15 小题;每小题 2 分,满分 30 分) Passage 1 Sixteen-year-old Maria was waiting in line at the airport in Santo Domingo. She was leaving her native country to join her sister in the United States. She spoke English very well. Though she was very happy she could go abroad, she was feeling sad at leaving her family and friends. As she was thinking all about this, she suddenly heard the airline employee asking her to pick up her luggage and put it on the scales (称). Maria pulled and pulled. The bag was too heavy and she just couldn’t lift it up. The man behind her got very impatient. He, too, was waiting to check in his luggage. “What’s wrong with this girl? He said, “Why doesn’t she hurry up?” He moved forward and placed his bag on the counter, hoping to check in first. He was in a hurry to get a good seat. Maria was very angry, but she was very polite. And in her best English she said, “Why are you so upset? There are enough seats for everyone on the plane. If you are in such a hurry, why can’t you give me a hand with my luggage? The man was surprised to hear Maria speak English. He quickly picked up her luggage and stepped back. Everyone was looking at him with disapproval. (224 words) Maria,十六岁,她正在圣多明各(多米尼加首都)的机场排队等候。她正要离开自己的祖国去美国和她的姐姐团聚。 她的英语讲得很好。虽然她要出国了觉得很高兴,但此时要离开她的家人和朋友也很伤心。正在她想这些的时候,她 突然听到机场的工作人员正在叫她把行李放到称上。Maria 拉了又拉,包太重,她根本抬不起来。她后面的男人很不耐 烦了。他也是等着托运行李的。 “这女孩怎么了?”他说道, “她为什么不快点?”他走到前面,把包放在台上,希望能先登记。他急着想要得到一个 好的座位。 Maria 很生气,但她很有礼貌。她用最优美的英语说, “你为什么如此不耐烦?飞机上的每个人都有座位。如果你真的 很急,为什么不能帮我搬一下行李?” 这男人听到 Maria 会讲英语觉得很惊讶。他很快拿起自己的行李退了回去。每个人都很不赞成的看着他。 11. Maria’s story happened ________. A. when she was leaving America C. before she left the USA 答案:DB. on her way back to Santo Domingo D. when she arrived at the airport17 题解: 此题为事实细节题。题干的意思为:Maria 的故事发生在什么时候?从文章第一段的第一句话可知:十六岁的 Maria 正 在圣多明各(多米尼加首都)的机场排队等候。因此知道该故事是发生在她到达机场后。选项 A 的意思为:当她离开 美国的时候。这个选项的意思不正确,故事是发生在她去往美国的途中;选项 B 的意思为:当她回到圣多明各的时候。 选项的意思与文章内容不符合;选项 C 的意思为:在她离开美国之前。选项的意思与文章内容不符合,不是正确答案; 选项 D 的意思为:她到达机场后。符合文章内容,是正确答案。因此正确选项为 D。 12. You believe that the work of the airline employee mentioned in the story is to ________ at the airport. A. help carry people’s luggage B. ask people to pick up the luggage C. check people’s luggage D. take care of people’s luggage 答案:C 题解: 此题为分析推理题。题干的意思为:你认为故事中提到的机场工作人员的工作是什么?从文章第一段的第五句话可知: 她突然听到机场的工作人员正在叫她把行李放到称上。由此可以推理出,这个机场工作人员的工作是检查旅客的行李。 选项 A 的意思为:帮助旅客提行李。这个选项的意思不正确;选项 B 的意思为:叫旅客提起行李。这个选项的意思不 正确;选项 C 的意思为:检查旅客的行李。选项的意思与文章内容相符合,是正确答案;选项 D 的意思为:照顾旅客 的行李。不符合文章内容,不是正确答案。因此正确选项为 C。 13. “Why are you so upset?” Maria said to the man. She wanted to tell him that he should not be ________. A. surprised B. sad C. unhappy D. sorry 答案:C 题解: 此题为事实细节题。题干的意思为: “为什么你如此不耐烦?”Maria 对那个男人说。她这么说是要告诉他不要什么? 从文章第一段和第二段可知:Maria 的包太重,她根本抬不起来给工作人员检查。她后面的等着托运行李的男人很不耐 烦了。Maria 很生气,但她很有礼貌。她用英语说, “你为什么如此不耐烦?飞机上的每个人都有座位。 因此知道 Maria ” 这么说是要告诉这个男人不要不高兴。选项 A 的意思为:惊讶的,这个选项的意思不正确;选项 B 的意思为:难过的, 选项的意思不正确;选项 C 的意思为:不高兴,选项的意思与文章内容符合,是正确答案;选项 D 的意思为:对不起 的,不符合文章内容,不是正确答案。因此正确选项为 C。 14. “Everyone was looking at him with disapproval.” This sentence means that the people around felt __________. A. worried about Maria B. worried about the man C. sorry for Maria’s manners D. sorry for the man’s manners 答案:D 题解: 此题为事实细节题。 题干的意思为: “每个人都很不赞成地看着他” 这句话的意思是周围的人为这男人的行为感到什么? 从文章最后一句话可知:每个人都很不赞成的看着他。因此知道人们对这个男子的看法是――不支持。选项 A 的意思 为:人们担忧 Maria。这个选项的意思不正确;选项 B 的意思为:人们担忧那个男子。选项的意思与文章内容不符合; 选项 C 的意思为:人们对 Maria 的行为感到很遗憾。选项的意思与文章内容不符合,不是正确答案;选项 D 的意思为: 人们对那个男子的行为感到很遗憾。符合文章内容,是正确答案。因此正确选项为 D。 15. The author mentioned Maria’s age at the beginning of the story in order to show that _________. A. she was young but behaved properly B. she would not have left home alone C. everyone around her was wrong D. it was not good that nobody offered to help her 答案:A 题解: 此题为分析推理题。题干的意思为:作者在故事的开头就提到 Maria 的年龄是为了表达什么?从全文可知:十六岁的 Maria 虽然很小,但她行为很得体,得到人们的赞同。因此可以分析推理出作者强调 Maria 的年龄,是为了表达她很小 但行为很得体的意思。选项 A 的意思为:她很小,但行为很得体。这个选项的意思正确,符合题目要求;选项 B 的意 思为:她不应该独自一人离家,选项的意思与题目要求不符合;选项 C 的意思为:在她周围的人都是错的。选项的意 思与文章内容不符合,不是正确答案;选项 D 的意思为:没有人为她提供帮助是不正确的。这不是作者强调 Maria 年 龄的小的真正目的,该选项不是正确答案。因此正确选项为 A。 Passage 2 There are three kinds of goals: shirt-term, medium-range and long-term goals. Short-term goals are those that usually deal with current activities which we can apply on a daily basis. Such goals can be achieved in a week or less, or two weeks, or possibly, months. It should be remembered that just as building is no stronger than its foundation, long-term goals cannot amount to very much without the achievement of solid short-term goals. Upon completing our short-term goals, we should date the occasion and then add new short-term goals that will build on those that have been completed.18 The intermediate goals build on the foundation of the short-term goals. They might deal with just one term of school or the entire school year, or they could even extend for several years. Any time you move a step at a time, you should never allow yourself to become discouraged or overwhelmed. As you complete each step, you will enforce the belief in your ability to grow and succeed. And as your list of completion dates grow, your motivation and desire will increase. Long-ter}

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