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高中英语语法专题名词性从句讲解与练习
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一对一个性化学科优化学案鹰击长空—基础不丢一、概述在复合句中具有名词的性质的作主语、表语、同位语、宾语的从句叫名词性从句。因此，我们把主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和宾语从句这四种从句统称为名词性从句。ItisafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.(主语从句)Thetroubleisthatshehaslosthisaddress.（表语从句）Theyhavenoideaatallwherehehasgone.（同位语从句）Doyourememberhowhecame?（宾语从句）二、主语从句(subjectclauses)1、概述在复合句中起主语作用的从句叫主语从句。引导主语从句的词有从属连词、关系代词、连接副词等。引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词that、whether，关系代词：who,what,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever；关系副词：when,where,how,why,however,whenever,wherever等。Thatyoudon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.Whathesaidistrue.Whetherthefootballgamewillbeplayeddependsontheweather.2、从属连词that，whether引导的主语从句。从属连词that，whether在主语从句中的作用只是引导主语从句，它们在从句中不担任成分，不能省略。Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion.Thattheywillgoiscertain.Whethershe'scomingornotdoesn'tmattertoomuch.3、it作形式主语引导主语从句。如果主语从句太长，为避免句子结构头重脚轻，我们可用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在主句谓语部分之后。That引导的主语从句可用it代替，that不可省略。用作it作形式主语的结构：（1）Itis/was+形容词+that从句It’snaturalthat…很自然……It’sobviousthat…显而易见……（2）Itis/was+名词+that从句It’sapitythat…遗憾的是……It’safactthat…事实是……（3）It+不及物动词+that从句Itseemsthat…似乎……Itturnsoutthat…结果……（4）Itis/was+过去分词+that从句It’sreportedthat…据报道……It’sbelievedthat…据认为……Itisapitythatshehasmadesuchamistake.It'sstrangethathedidn'tcomeyesterday.4、由关系代词引导的主语从句。关系代词who,what,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever等，引导主语从句时，它们分别在从句中担任主语、宾语或定语，不能省略。Whoeverleavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.Whatyouhavedonemightdoharmtootherpeople.Whathesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.Whomadethelongdistancecallisnotimportant.5、关系副词引导的主语从句。连接副词有when,where,why,how,however,whenever,wherever等引导主语从句时，它们在从句中担任状语，不能省略。此类主语从句可以转换为以it作形式主语的句子。Whyhedidn'tcomehereisnotcleartoanyone.Whereshehasgoneisnotknownyet.Whentheywillstarthasnotbeendecidedyet.三、表语从句1、概述用作表语的从句叫作表语从句，它位于主句中的连系动词之后。引导表语从句的词有从属连词that、whether、asthough(if)；关系代词who,what,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever等；关系副词when,where,why,how,however,whenever,wherever等。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。That引导表语从句时，在口语中可以省略。Thetroubleisthatweareshortof
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英语语法：名词性从句语法讲解
时间：　　作者：　　来源：精品学习网
　　名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句厅分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。
　　(一)引导名词性从句的连接词
　　1、连接代词：who， whose， whom， what， which。有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。
　　2、连接副词：when， where， why， how。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。
　　3、连接词：that， whether， if， as if。that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if (whether)， as if虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。
　　注意：连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句，因而从句中谓语不用疑问式。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分，连接词whether 和if(是否)，as if(好象)在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。根据句义，如果连接代词与连接副词，whether、if 和as if都用不上时，才用that作连接词(that本身无任何含义)。
　　(二)主语从句
　　1、主语从句在复合句作主语。
　　e.g. Who will go is not important.
　　2、用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。
　　e.g. It doesn‘t matter so much whether you will come or not.
　　3、that引导主语从句时，不能省略。
　　e.g. That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.
　　(三)表语从句
　　1、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。
　　e.g. The question was who could go there.
　　2、引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。
　　e.g. My idea is (that) we can get more comrades to help in the work.
　　(四)宾语从句
　　1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。
　　e.g. I hope (that) everything is all right.
　　2、介词之后的宾语从句，不可用which或if连接，要分别用what或 whether。
　　e.g. I’m interested in whether you‘ve finished the work..
　　I’m interested in what you‘ve said.
　　3、whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。
　　①宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether。
　　e.g. I wonder if it doesn’t rain.
　　②用if 会引起误解，就要用whether。
　　e.g. Please let me know whether you want to go.(此句如果把whether改成if，容易当成条件句理解)
　　③宾语从句中的whether 与or not直接连用，就不能换成if；不直接连用，可换。
　　e.g. I don‘t know whether or not the report is true.
　　I don’t know whether/ if the report is true or not.
　　④介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether 可与不定式连用。whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句，以上均不能换成if。但引导条件从句时，只能用if，而不能用whether。
　　e.g. It depends on whether we have enough time.
　　They don‘t know whether to go there.
　　Please come to see me if you have time.
　　(五)同位语从句
　　同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词(如：news， fact， idea， suggestion， promise等)之后，说明该名词的具体内容。
　　e.g. I have no idea when he will be back.
　　The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.
　　练习：名词性从句
　　一、判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句，并指出是什么从句：
　　1. China is no longer what it used to be.
　　2. The truth that the earth turn around the sun is known to all.
　　3. It was snowing when he arrived at the station.
　　4. How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all.
　　5. The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.
　　6. The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing.
　　7. That is where Lu Xun used to live.
　　8. He spoke as if he understood what he was talking about.
　　9. Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school？
　　10. I wonder why she refused my invitation.
　　二、用适当的连词填空：
　　1. I can’t decide ____________ dictionary I should buy.
　　2. That‘s ____________ he refused my invitation.
　　3. I am very interested in ____________ he has improved his pronunciation in such a short time.
　　4. ____________ we need is more time.
　　5. The fact ____________ she had not said anything at the meeting surprised everybody.
　　6. ____________ and ____________ they will meet has not been decided yet.
　　7. Please tell me ____________ you are waiting for.
　　8. Is that ____________ you are looking for？
　　9. Would you please tell me ____________ the nearest post office is？
　　10. I don’t know ____________ he will agree to the plan or not.
　　三、选择填空：
　　1. Do you see _____ I mean？
　　A. that B./ C. how D. what
　　2. Tell me_____ is on your mind.
　　A. that B. what C. which D. why
　　3. We must stick to _____ we have agreed on.
　　A. what B. that C. / D. how
　　4. Let me see _____.
　　A. that can I repair the radio B. whether -I can repair the radio
　　C. I can repair the radio D. whether can I repair the radio
　　5. Keep in mind _____.
　　A. that the teacher said B. what did the teacher say
　　C. that did the teacher say D. what the teacher said
　　6. Could you advise me _____？
　　A. which book should I read first B. what book should I read first
　　C. that book 1 should read first D. which book I should read first
　　7. He was criticized for _____.
　　A. he had done it B. what he had done C. what had he done D. that he had done it
　　8. Would you kindly tell me _____？
　　A. how can I get to the Beijing Railway Station
　　B. how I can get to the Beijing Railway Station
　　C. where can I get to the Beijing Railway Station
　　D. whether can I get to the Beijing Railway Station
　　9. Mrs. Smith was very much impressed by _____.
　　A. what had she seen in China B. that she had seen in China
　　C. what she had seen in China D. which had she seen in China
　　10. We took it for granted ___
　　A. that they were not coming B. that were they not coming
　　C. they were coming not D. were they not coining
　　11. I really don‘t know _____
　　A. I should do next B. what should I do next
　　C. what I should do next D. how I should do next
　　12. I’m afraid _____.
　　A. the little girl will have to be operated on
　　B. that will the little girl have to operate on
　　C. the little girl will have to operate on
　　D. that will the little girl have to be operated on
　　13. She walked up to _____ .
　　A. where did I stand B. where I stood
　　C. I stood there D. where I stood there
　　14. Can you tell me _____？
　　A. who is that gentleman B. that gentleman is who
　　C. who that gentleman is D. whom .is that gentleman
　　15. We‘ll give you _____.
　　A. that do you need B. what do you need
　　C. whatever you need D. whether do you need
　　16. They want us to know _____ to help us.
　　A. what can they B. what they can C. how they can D. how can they
　　17. We must put _____ into practice.
　　A. what we have learned B. that we have learned
　　C. that have we learned D. what have we learned
　　18. Did she say anything about _____？
　　A. that the work was to be done B. how was the work to be done
　　C. that was the work to be done D. how the work was to be done
　　19. He was never satisfied with _____.
　　A. what she had achieved B. had what she achieved
　　C. she had achieved D. that she achieved
　　20. These photographs will show you _____.
　　A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like
　　C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like
　　21. Peter insisted _____ he pay the bill.
　　A. on that B. what C. that D. on which
　　22. They urged _____ the library open during the vacation.
　　A. when B. where C. why D. that
　　23. We wish we could have learned _____ when we were at high school.
　　A. what you did B. that you had done
　　C. that what you did D. what did you do
　　24.1 will describe to you _____ I saw when there.
　　A. what B. that C. which D./
　　25. From _____ I should say he is a good worker.
　　A. what 1 know of him B. that I do know of him
　　C. what do I know of him D. that do I know of him
　　26. I will give this dictionary to __ wants to have it.
　　A. whomever B. anyone C. whoever D. someone
　　27._____ they will come here hasn’ t been decided yet.
　　A. What B. That C. When D. Where
　　28. _____ was said here must be kept secret.
　　A. Who B. The thing C. Whatever D. Where
　　29. It is still a question _____ we shall have our sports meet.
　　A. if B. that C. what D. when
　　30. I‘m going anyway. _____ she will go is up to her to decide.
　　A. If or not B. Whether or not C. If D. That
　　31. It is strange _____ she have left without saying a word.
　　A. that B. what C. why D. how
　　32. It is very clear _____ our policy is a correct one.
　　A. what B. that C. why D. where
　　33. _____ Mr Zhang said is quite right.
　　A. That B. When C. What D. Whether
　　34. It has been decided _____ he will be sent there.
　　A. if B. whether C. why D. that
　　35. It doesn’ t matter _____he‘ s come back or not.
　　A. if B. whether C. that D. when
　　36. It’s a great pity _____ we won‘t be able to finish the task on time.
　　A. when B. that C. why D. where
　　37. It happened _____ I wasn’t there that day.
　　A. when B. why C. where D. that
　　38._____ you have done might do harm to other people.
　　A. What B. That C. Which D. The things
　　39. _____ leaves the room last ought to turn oft the lights.
　　A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D.Who
　　40._____ the 2000 Olympic Games won‘t be held in Beijing is known to all.
　　A. Whether B. If C. Whenever D. That
　　41. _____ fails to see this will make a big mistake.
　　A. That B. Whoever C. Whether D. Whether or not
　　42. __ we need more equipment is quite obvious.
　　A. What B. Whether C. That D. Whatever
　　43. Has it been announced _____？
　　A. when are the planes to take off B. that are the planes to take off
　　C. where are the planes to take off D. when the planes are to take off
　　44. That is _____ we all support his idea.
　　A. what B. why C. where D. when
　　45. That’s _____ we should do.
　　A. that B. what C. how D. why
　　46. _____ is troubling me is _____ I don‘t understand _____ he said
　　A. What； that； what B. What； what； what
　　C. That； that； what D. Why； that； which
　　47. Things were not _____ they seemed to be.
　　A. when B. why C. that D. what
　　48. That’s _____ I want to say.
　　A. all what B. what C. all which D. what that
　　49. That‘s _____ .
　　A. where our differences lie B. our differences lie there
　　C. where do our differences lie D. that where our differences lie
　　50. That is _____ .
　　A. where lived he there B. where did he live
　　C. where he lived D. that where he lived
　　51. The questions is _____.
　　A. whether is it worth doing B. that if it is worth doing
　　C. whether it is worth doing D. if it is worth doing
　　52. Water will continue to be _____ it is today next in importance to oxygen.
　　A. how B. which C. what D. as
　　53. That’s_____.
　　A. how did I become a teacher B. how I became a teacher
　　C. how a teacher I became D. that I became a teacher
　　54. They are just _____.
　　A. that what shall I have B. what shall I have
　　C. that I shall have what D. what I shall have
　　55. It looked ____.
　　A. as if it was going to rain B. that as if it was going to rain
　　C. as if was it going to rain D. as if that it was going to rain
　　56. That‘s_____.
　　A. how she did it B. that how did she do it.
　　C. how did she do it D. what she did it
　　57. That is _____ we decided to put the discussion off.
　　A. where B. which C. that D. why
　　58. That’s _____ I lived when I was ten years old.
　　A. where B. at which C. there where D. when
　　59. My suggestion is _____ we should send a few comrades to help them.
　　A. if B. that C. when that D. that where
　　60. The idea _____ all people are selfish is wrong.
　　A. what B. that C. why D. if
　　61. We heard the news _____ our team had won.
　　A. that B. what C. whether D. why
　　62. The fact _____ he hadn‘t said anything surprised us all.
　　A. why B. if C. that D. whether
　　63.I have no idea _____ she will be back.
　　A. that B. where C. that when D. when
　　64. We must keep in mind the fact _____ China is still a developing country.
　　A. whether B. that C. why D. when
　　65. They have no idea at all _____.
　　A. where he has gone B. where did he go
　　C. where has he gone D. which place he has gone
　　语法复习三：名词性从句
　　一、1、表语从句；2、同位语从句；3、不是；4、主语从句；5、同位语从句；6、不是；7、表语从句；8、宾语从句；9、不是；10、宾语从句
　　二、1. which； 2. why； 3. how； 4. What； 5. that； 6. when， where； 7. who(m)； 8. what； 9. where； 10. whether
　　三、1~5 DBABD 6~10 DBBCA 11~15 CABCC 16~20 BADAB 21~25 CDAAA
　　26~30 CCCDB 31~35 ABCDB 36~40 BDACD 41~45 BCDBB 46~50 ADBAC
　　51~55 CCBDA 56~60 ADABB 61~65 ACDBA
　　推荐课程：
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1．Baroness Thatcher has been awarded a special ceremony for her funeral, with military honours --- the same as _____for Diana, Princess of Wales.
C. the one
2．I didn’t really want a wallet, but the salesman persuaded me to buy______.
C. another
D. the other
3．Recycling is one way to pro reusing is _____.
A. another B. the other C. one another D. one
4．---What about the monthly test? Is it easy?
---Yes, but I don’t think________ pass it.
A. somebody
B. anybody
D. everybody
6．—Did you call on any of your old friends when you returned to your hometown?
—_______ of them. They were all very busy.
D. Neither
7．Some don’t agree to the plan, while I’m out of ____ opposed to it.
A. those who
8． You may depend on ____ that they are of much value.
9．Helen has been looking for a job over the whole year, feeling she can’t get _________ without work experience.
10．Good health is __________ most people take for granted--- until they lose it .
A. anything
B. everything
C. nothing
D. something
11．－Who is the lady standing over there?
－I am not sure, but it may be ___ from the provincial government.
A. everybody
B. nobody C. somebody D. anybody
12．We have been looking at houses, but haven’t found _____ we like yet.
13．For years, it was viewed as a serious problem, ________ that has never been really solved.
There are many sales of mobile phones on , and you can choose _____ based on your own interests.
15．I know you want to borrow money but I have _____at hand myself.
D. nothing
16．All we have is 24 precious hours a day and therefore we shall waste ______
A. nothing B. none C. neither D. no one
17．—Did you find your pen this afternoon?
—No, I didn’t find _________, but I’ve bought _________.
18．We feel
our duty to make City of Wenzhou a better place.
B. this C. that D. one
19．The Internet and the effect
brought about did a lot of good to our daily life and work. That is to say, the Internet has made a great difference in many aspects.
B. what C. which D. it
20．---Which book do you think is the most useful to my studies?
---________, as long as you read it. In fact, they are out of date.
B. Neither
第II卷（非选择题）
21．She saw a brook with red flowers and green grass on all sides.
22．Because of poverty, her grandparents had few education.
23．Though she is rich, she spends much on clothes.
24．There are two most important things in life.One is life, an other is time.
25．Here is a picture of John, a good friend of mine, and I, which was taken at the park.
26．I wonder how they call those flowers.
27．The teacher asked John, Davy and I if we had finished our homework.
试题分析：考查代词：句意：撒切尔女男爵被授予一个有着军事荣誉的特殊的葬礼仪式—和威尔士王妃戴安娜一样的葬礼。根据句意：指代的词是特指“戴安娜的葬礼”，特指可数名词的单数用the one，one是泛指可数名词的单数，it是特指同类同物，these是“这些”，所以选C。
考点：考查代词
试题分析：考查代词：句意：我真的不想要一个钱包但是推销员说服我买了一个。这里用one指代a wallet，one可以泛指可数名词的单数，it是特指可数名词的单数或不可数名词，another是泛指“另一个”，the other是特指“另一个”，所以选B。
考点：考查代词
试题分析：句意为：回收再利用是保护环境的一种方式，重复使用是另一种方式。the other是特指两者中的另外一种，构成结构one----the other----，一种（个）---另一种（个）---；one another 意为:彼此，相互；one泛指任何一个。而another为另外一个，由题意可知保护环境的方式不止这两种，应为多种方式中的另外一个，故应为another.
考点：考查代词的用法。
试题分析：考查部分否定。句意：——月考考得怎么样？容易吗？——容易，但并非每一个人都能通过。Not和不定代词both, all, every, each, everyone, everything, everybody连用，构成部分否定。含义是“不都是，并不全是”，故选D
考点：考查部分否定。
试题分析：考查连词和代词：句意：如果没有一个政策变化，那些东西没有一样会变化。few修饰的是可数名词，如果few of...做句子主语，则其谓语动词不可能用形式，由此可以排除AB unless = if...not...，意思是“如果不/除非”，引导条件状语从句。
考点：考查
试题分析：考查代词：句意：--当你回到家乡的时候，拜访老朋友了吗？--没有，他们都很忙。因为第一句话用any，说明朋友是三个以上的，用none表示“三者以上都不”，none可以和of搭配，nobody不能和of搭配，both是两者都，不符合句意，neither是两者都不，所以选B。
考点：考查
试题分析：考查代词有人支持，而我就是持反对意见人中的一个。Those那些人，其后跟who 引导的定语从句
考点：考查
试题分析：考查it 作为形式宾语翻译为你可以相信它们都很有价值
考点：考查it 作为形式宾语
试题分析：考查代词：句意：海伦整个一年都在找工作，感觉没有工作很难找到一个工作。这里用one指代a job，因为one是泛指可数名词单数，that是特指可数名词单数或不可数名词，而且有后置定语，it是特指可数名词单数或不可数名词，this是“这个”，所以选C。
考点：考查
试题分析:考查不定代词的用法。A 任何事物（常用于否定句和疑问句）；B每件事，一切，所有事物；C 没有什么；D事物，某物（常用于肯定句）。句意：健康是大多数人们不予重视的东西，直到他们失去它。根据句意D选项正确。
考点：考查不定代词的用法
试题分析：句意：---站在那里的小姐是谁？---我不能确定，可能是从省政府来的某人。somebody 某人；everybody 每个人；nobody 没人；anybody 任何人。所以选C。
考点：考查代词意思辨析。
试题分析：考查代词：句意：我们一直在看，但是还没有找到我们
考点：考查
试题分析：句意:a serious problem 的同位语，代指前面出现的单数名词。Where在哪里，先行词应为地点名词；it代指具体唯一的事物；因此排除B C两项。which引导定语从句，与that重复，故排除。因此选A。
考点：考查代词的用法。
试题分析：it 是人称代词 代替物，动物，门外的人，也可作形式主语和宾语等；one泛指任何一个同名，不同物的人或者物。既可代替事物, 也可代替人；that是指示代词 指远处的事物，电话中的对方，为避免重复代替前面的可数名词单数和不可数名词。E
考点：考查不定代词辨析。
试题分析: 考查不定代词的用法。A 一点也没有（物），没有一个（人）；B 没有人；C 很少，几个；D什么也没有。句意：我知道你想要借钱，可是我自己手头也没有钱。钱是不可数名词，而few修饰或代替复数名词，排除C选项；no one 指代人，所以B选项排除；none 是指没有前面提到过的具体的人或物，而nothing是泛指的什么也没有，所以正确选项为A。
考点：考查不定代词的用法。
试题分析：句意为：我们所拥有的一天只有宝贵的24小时，因此我们一个小时也不能浪费。nothing 没有什么东西; none 一个也没有；neither 对两都的否定；no one 只能用于人，不能指物。考点：考查代词的用法。
试题分析：指同一种东西时用“it”，指同类中的一个用“one”。“没有找到的”指“同一支钢笔”，而“买的”是“另一支钢笔”。 句意：今天下午你找到了你的钢笔了吗？没有，没有找到它，但是我买了一支。
考点：考查代词的用法
试题分析：考查it做形式宾语的用法。句中真正的宾语是不定式“to make City of Wenzhou a better place”因为宾语太长，所以用形式宾语it 代替。其他三个选项都不可以做形式宾语。句型结构是 ：动词+ it + 名词/ 形容词+ to do .句意：我们都认为使温州成为一个更加美好的地方是我们的责任。所以A 选项正确。
考点：考查it做形式宾语的用法
试题分析：句意：网络及其带来的影响对我们的日常工作和生活很有益。也就是说，网络在许多方面产生了很大的影响。这是定语从句修饰先行词effect, effect在从句中做brought about的宾语，即：the effect that/which the Internet brought about. it指代前面提到的the Internet，此处省略了关系词that/which(做宾语可省略).故D正确。
考点：考查代词和关系词的区别。
试题分析：考查不定代词词义辨析。A（三者）都不；B（两者）都不；C（三者中）任何一个；D（两者中）一个。根据语境“the most” 可知是三者（以上），再根据答语“In fact, they are out of date.”可知“都不喜欢”，“三者都不”要用none, 故选A。句意：——你觉得哪本书对我的研究最有用？——只要你读一读，这些书都没有用。事实上他们都过时了。
考点：考查不定代词词义辨析
all---both
【解析】这里意思是说在小河的两旁,所以不用all而用both.
few---little
【解析】education为不可数名词，所以只能用little。
23．C much---little
【解析】考查语篇理解，本句意是：尽管她很富有，但她花在衣服上的钱不多。
an other---the other
【解析】One… the other意思是:二者中一个是…另一个是….
and I---me
【解析】这时用me做介词of的宾语。
【解析】宾语从句中没有宾语，而不是状语，所以不用how。
and I--- and me
【解析】这里是和前面John, Davy用并列宾语.
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