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B. whenC. thatD. when
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●地址：湖南省长沙市湘春路75号金地大厦8楼&●值班编辑:陈老师 ●管理员QQ: ●语法答疑群:选C.先行词是the school.陈述句语序应该是this is the school-.——精英家教网——
暑假天气热？在家里学北京名师课程，
选C.先行词是the school.陈述句语序应该是this is the school-. 【】
题目列表(包括答案和解析)
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同位语从句与定语从句的区分
1)The proposal that he put forward is to be discussed at the meeting．
2)The proposal that we should hold sports meeting is to be discussed．
a．句1)是________从句，that在从句中________成分，句2)是________从句，that在从句中________成分，而且一般不省掉。
b．定语从句用来说明先行词的性质特征，起修饰或限制作用；同位语从句用来解释说明句词的内容，二者是________关系。
c．区分时可以在先行词与从句之间加一个系动词be，使之构成一个新句子，如果句子通顺且符合逻辑，则为同位语从句，反之，则为定语从句。
例如：The report that he was going to resign was false．他将辞职的传闻是假的。因为the report was that he was going to resign句意通顺，所以，that he was going to resign是同位语从句。
阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。请在答题卡上将对应题号的相应选项字母涂黑。(选E涂AB; 选F涂CD)以下是一些旅游项目的简介：A. Sea kayaking in TurkeyEnjoy beautiful scenery on Turkey’sTurquoise Coast. The water is clear and calm with temperatures of 25&–28& inJuly and August. You don’t need any previous kayaking experience to enjoy thistrip. However, you do need to be quite fit, as you will be on the water for 4–6hours a day.B. Diving holidays in KenyaExperience diving and sailing in the IndianOcean in March and April. Enjoy warm, clear water and white, sandy beaches.Spend all of your stay on one of our yachts (游艇) with first-class service and excellent food.Explore remote and unspoilt reefs, and see a wonderful range of underwater sealife.C. Swimming with dolphins in The AzoresIslands, PortugalWould you like to discover the underwaterworld of the dolphin? Join us in July or August in the clear waters around theAzores. You will receive training from expert guides to gain confidence in thewater with the animals. We often see eight different species of dolphin duringour trips.D. Gulfoss Waterfall in IcelandCome to Iceland in summer to see thebiggest waterfall in Europe. Gulfoss, the ‘Golden Waterfall’ is a trulyspectacular sight. The water from the River Hvítá and water from glaciers cometogether and fall 32m in two stages. You can follow a path quite close to thefalls, which provides wonderful opportunities for photos and videos. Warmclothing is essential.E. Plitvice Lakes, Croatia (克罗地亚)Set in a National Park, the lakes areCroatia’s most popular tourist attraction. The beauty of the region comes fromthe 16 lakes, waterfalls, and areas of woodland, where deer, wolves and bearscan be found. The park is open all year. There are several walks for all levelsof fitness. You can also see the park by boat or bus.F. Lake Balaton, HungaryIf you enjoy nature, you will love LakeBalaton. Much of the area around the lake is part of a protected National Park.We have expert guides with knowledge of local plants and animals. That willtake you on long walks around the park. The marsh area of the lake is home to awide number of bird species.以下是五个人的旅游爱好，请匹配每个人拟选择的旅游项目：1.Jonny is crazy about plants and animalsin different parts of the world. He travels a lot and each summer he goes to adifferent place to learn about the local plants and wildlife. 2.Leo and his family have already donedifferent water sports in Europe and so want to travel further abroad. Theywould like to try a new sport and they don’t mind working hard. They are notfree to travel until the summer. 3.Ellen enjoys being near water but shedoesn’t want to do any water sports and she doesn’t like the cold. Walking longdistances is rather difficult for her, but she likes being outside and seeingwildlife. She has already been to Hungary. She can travel at any time betweenNovember and January. 4.Amy and Eric are retired but they arestill very active. They enjoy walking and looking at scenery. They would liketo go somewhere cool this summer where Amy can take a lot of photos. 5.Will is a student of marine biology. Heis also a very good swimmer and an experienced diver. He’s looking for a summerholiday where he can learn about animals and help people. He wants to stay inEurope. &
阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。请在答题卡上将对应题号的相应选项字母涂黑。(选E涂AB; 选F涂CD)以下是一些旅游项目的简介：A. Sea kayaking in TurkeyEnjoy beautiful scenery on Turkey’s Turquoise Coast. The water is clear and calm with temperatures of 25&–28& in July and August. You don’t need any previous kayaking experience to enjoy this trip. However, you do need to be quite fit, as you will be on the water for 4–6 hours a day.B. Diving holidays in KenyaExperience diving and sailing in the Indian Ocean in March and April. Enjoy warm, clear water and white, sandy beaches. Spend all of your stay on one of our yachts (游艇) with first-class service and excellent food. Explore remote and unspoilt reefs, and see a wonderful range of underwater sea life.C. Swimming with dolphins in The Azores Islands, PortugalWould you like to discover the underwater world of the dolphin? Join us in July or August in the clear waters around the Azores. You will receive training from expert guides to gain confidence in the water with the animals. We often see eight different species of dolphin during our trips.D. Gulfoss Waterfall in IcelandCome to Iceland in summer to see the biggest waterfall in Europe. Gulfoss, the ‘Golden Waterfall’ is a truly spectacular sight. The water from the River Hvítá and water from glaciers come together and fall 32m in two stages. You can follow a path quite close to the falls, which provides wonderful opportunities for photos and videos. Warm clothing is essential.E. Plitvice Lakes, Croatia (克罗地亚)Set in a National Park, the lakes are Croatia’s most popular tourist attraction. The beauty of the region comes from the 16 lakes, waterfalls, and areas of woodland, where deer, wolves and bears can be found. The park is open all year. There are several walks for all levels of fitness. You can also see the park by boat or bus.F. Lake Balaton, HungaryIf you enjoy nature, you will love Lake Balaton. Much of the area around the lake is part of a protected National Park. We have expert guides with knowledge of local plants and animals. That will take you on long walks around the park. The marsh area of the lake is home to a wide number of bird species.以下是五个人的旅游爱好，请匹配每个人拟选择的旅游项目：【小题1】Jonny is crazy about plants and animals in different parts of the world. He travels a lot and each summer he goes to a different place to learn about the local plants and wildlife. 【小题2】Leo and his family have already done different water sports in Europe and so want to travel further abroad. They would like to try a new sport and they don’t mind working hard. They are not free to travel until the summer. 【小题3】Ellen enjoys being near water but she doesn’t want to do any water sports and she doesn’t like the cold. Walking long distances is rather difficult for her, but she likes being outside and seeing wildlife. She has already been to Hungary. She can travel at any time between November and January. 【小题4】Amy and Eric are retired but they are still very active. They enjoy walking and looking at scenery. They would like to go somewhere cool this summer where Amy can take a lot of photos. 【小题5】Will is a student of marine biology. He is also a very good swimmer and an experienced diver. He’s looking for a summer holiday where he can learn about animals and help people. He wants to stay in Europe.
做题时，请先将答案划在试题卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试题卷上的答案转涂或转填到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分） 请听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试题卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 例：How&much&is&the&shirt？ A. &&19. 15. &b. &&9. 15. &c. &&9. 18.
答案是B。 1. What color does the woman like best? & A. Red.&& B. Green.& C. Blue.&&
2. Who borrowed the book? & A. Jane.& B. Tom.&& C. Peter. 3. Where does the conversation most probably take place? & A. In a restaurant. & B. In a flower shop. & C. At a concert. 4. What is the conversation mainly about? & A. The woman’s& job. & B. The woman’s& study. & C. The woman’s& hobby. 5. What does the woman mean? & A. The man should help himself. & B. The man may use the phone. & C. The man should sit at the table. 第二节（共12小题；每小题1. 5分，满分18分） 请听下面4段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试题卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 请听第6段材料，回答第6至8题。 6. Where does the conversation probably take place? & A. In a school. & B. At a bus stop. & C. In a hospital. 7. How long has the man learned English? & A. Two months. & B. Five months. & C. Nine months. 8.What is the relationship between the two speakers? A. Strangers
B. Friends C. Couple 请听第7段材料，回答第9至11题。 9. What did the woman plan to do at first? A. Study at library
B. Walk in the park . C. Go to the cinema. 10.When does the movie start? A. At 8:15 B At 8:30 C. At 8:50 11. Where are the two speakers going to meet? A. At the cinema . B. In the Town Hall C. In the bank. 请听第8段材料回答下面试题 12．What will the woman probably buy? A. A watch
B. A dress C, A cake 13. What is the man going to do tonight? A. Buy tickets
B. Attend a concert
C. Prepare a dinner
14. What is the conversation mainly about? A. Buying a surprise gift
B. Preparing a dinner party
C. Planning a birthday celebration
听第9段材料，回答第15至17题。 15. Who is Mike Johnson? A. A new member of a club
B. A president of a club
C. A professor of environmental science, 16. What are the club members going to do on Friday& ? A. Plant trees
B. Attend a lecture C. Visit a farm
17. When is the next meeting for this week ? A. On Monday
B. On Wednesday
C. On Sunday
第三节（共3小题；每小题1.5分，满分4.5） 请听下面一段独白，用所听到的独白中的词或数填空，每空限填一个词或一个数。填入的内容写在答题卡相应位置上，在听本段独白前，你将有时间阅读各小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，本段独白读两遍。 Weather Forecast for Europe
Weather Description
Temperature
______18___
___19___°C
____20____
阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。 It is necessary to develop some skills to increase one’s chances of success in today’s competitive world. Many skills, for example, leadership, a second language, and technical skills such as computer programming, are very useful today. However, the most useful skill is the ability to communicate well with others. It is necessary to know the importance of good communication skills. A good communicator finds it easier to speak out his ideas clearly. In this way there will be fewer misunderstandings, which can lead to bad feelings as well as lost time and effort. In addition, a person with good communication skills is a good mediator (调解人) and negotiator（谈判人）. He or she can play a valuable role in settling problems and improving cooperation. This means that a good communicator is often a natural leader. Finally, with good communication skills, it is easier to persuade others to accept your point of view, which is an important step on the way to success. For all the above reasons, it is my belief that strong communication skills are the most important to have. Good communication is important in all situations, so a skillful communicator will always be in high demand. [写作内容] 1) 以约30词概括短文的要点； 2) 然后以约120词就“如何进行有效的沟通”发表看法，并包括以下要点： A）沟通的作用； B）有效沟通的方法； C）你自己是如何与他人进行沟通的？ [写作要求] &&&&&& 可以使用实例或其它论述方法支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子。
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请输入姓名
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篇一：高中英语语法
高中英语语法
看到p50谓语
一、词类、句子成分和构词法：
1、词类：英语词类分十种：
名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。
1、名词(n.)： 表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange.
2、代词(pron.)： 主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it .
3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange .
4、数词(num.)： 表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth.
5、动词(v.)： 表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see .
6、副词(adv.)： 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very,
here, often, quietly, slowly.
7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the.
8、介词(prep.)： 表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind.
9、连词(conj.)： 用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before .
10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello.
2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。
1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是&谁&或者&什么&。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I&m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)
2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答&做(什么)&。主要由动词担任。如：the room every day. ()
3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是&什么&或者&怎么样&。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍)
4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是&什么&。通常由名词或代词担任。如：
(他能拼这个词)
有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信)
有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)
5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如：
6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如：()
7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如：They usually
keep their classroom () / He often helps me ( / The teacher wanted me ☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如：Where is your classmate
(你的同学汤姆在哪里？)
3、构词法：英语构词法主要有：合成法、派生法和转换法。
1、合成法：如：spaceship, headache, basketball, playground等等。
2、派生法：
(1)派生名词：①动词+er/or ②动词+ing ③动词+(t)ion ④形容词+ness ⑤其他,如：
inventor, learner, swimming, congratulation, kindness, carelessness, knowledge
(2)派生形容词：①名词+y ②名词+ful ③动词+ing/ed ④friendly ⑤dangerous ⑥C Japanese ⑦English ⑧French ⑨German ⑩国名+(i)an 如：snowy, sunny, hopeful,beautiful, interesting, follwing, daily(每日的),nervous, delicious
(3)派生副词：①形容词+ly ②其它,如：slowly, angrily, full&fully, good&well, possible&possibly等等。
3、转换法：
(1)形容词&动词,如：dry(干燥的)&dry(弄干), clean(干净的)&clean(打扫,弄干净),等
(2)动词&名词,如：look, walk, rest, work, study, swim, go, talk等等。
(3)名词&动词,如：hand(手)&(传递),face(脸)&(面对)等等。
(4)形容词&副词,如：early&early, fast&fast等等。
(5)副词&连词,如：when(什么时候)&(当&&时候),等等。
(6)介词&副词,如：in(到&&里)&(在里面；在家),on(在&上)&(进行,继续),等等。
二、名词：
1、英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类：
1、专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。
专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。
如：Beijing, Tom, the People&s Republic of China(中华人民共和国)
专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语,则必须使用定冠词the。如：the Great Wall(长城)
姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义),如：the Greens( 格林一家人)。
2、普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。如：pupil, family, man, foot.
普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。
▲可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如： box, child, orange；
▲不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。如：water, news, oil, population,
information .
2、英语可数名词的单复数：英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。
1、名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下：
①在单数名词词尾加s。如：map & maps,boy& boys,horse& horses, table& tables. ②s,o,x ,sh,ch结尾的词加es.如：class&classes, box&boxes, hero&heroes, dish&dishes, bench&benches.
[注]：少数以o结尾的词,变复数时只加s。如：photo&photos, piano&pianos.
③以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。如：family&families, city&cities, party&parties.
④以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。如：shelf&shelves, wolf&wolves, life&lives, knife&knives.
2、不规则变化：man&men, woman&women, sheep&sheep,tooth&teeth, fish&fish, child
&children, ox&oxen, goose&geese
不可数名词一般没有复数形式,说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词。如：a bag of rice&two bags of rice, a piece of paper&three pieces of paper, a bottle of milk&five bottles of milk.
3、名词所有格：
1、 名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。其构成法
(1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加?s。如：Childern&s Day(儿童节), my sister&s book(我姐姐的书)
(2)以s或es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加?。如：Teachers& Day(教师节)
(3)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加&s. 如：
newspaper(), break(), population().
(4)无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。
a fine daughter of the Party(党的好女儿).
2、[注解]：
① ?s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺,如：my aunt&s(我阿姨家), the doctor&s(诊所) ② 两人共有某物时,可以采用 A and B&s 的形式,如：Lucy and Lily&s bedroom(露西和丽
丽合住的卧室)
③ &of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词&,称为双重所有格,如：a friend of my father&s(我
父亲的一位朋友), a friend of mine(我的一位朋友)
4、名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题：
1、和谓语基本保持单复数的一致,即：主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式：如：The computer was a great invention.(计算机是个了不起的发明)The (玻璃杯里的水很冷)
2、集体名词(如family, class, team, group, row, police, school等)做句子主语时,
① 如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式,如：Class Three is a very good class.(三班是好班)
② 如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式,如：Class Three have a map of China.(三
班有张中国地图)
3、Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, people等表示单个时谓语用单数,表示许多时,谓语用复数。如：There is a sheep in the yard.(院子里有只绵羊) / There are some sheep in the yard.(院子里有一些绵羊)
4、maths, news等虽然有s结尾,但不是复数,
(这个消息令人兴奋)
5、glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名词往往用复数形式,故谓语用复数。如：
very cheap and I want to take them.(裤子很便宜,我想买)
6、a lot of 后跟名词复数时谓语用复数形式,跟不可数名词时谓语用单数形式。 baseball now.(现在有许多学生在打垒球) (大量的时间花在了那个工作上)(被动句)
7、and 连接两个名词做主语时,谓语原则上用复数,但是两个名词若构成一个整体事物时,
谓语则用单数。如：The teacher and his son are picking apples now.(老师和他的儿子在摘苹果) / Fish and chips is very famous food. (鱼和薯条是一种出名的食品)
8、 there be 句型中be的单复数一般由靠近的名词决定。如：in the room.(房间里有一张桌子和四张椅子)
9、用both&and&连接两个事物做主语时,谓语一般用复数。如： .(你和我明天要求都来)
10、主语中含有with的短语时,谓语单复数由with之前的人物决定。如：. (一名妇女带着一个七岁的孩子(当时)就站在路边)
11、either&or&或者 neither&nor&连接两个人物做句子主语时,谓语采用就近原则。如：(要么是你对,要么是他对。/你和他有一个人是对的) / Neither you norgoing there.(你和我都不打算去那里)
12、表示一段时间或长度概念的复数名词做主语时,谓语一般用单数。a short time.(两个月不是个短时间)(距离).(两千千米是相当长的一段距离)
13、主语中含有half of& / (three quarters)of& / all (of) the &.等词语时,谓语的单复数由名
词确定,如：Over three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English.(因特网上四分之三以上的信息是用英语写的) / A third of the students were playing near the
lake.(学生的三分之一(当时)正在湖边玩耍) / All of the water in these rivers has been polluted.(这些河流中的水已经被污染了)(被动句)
但是,population一词又有特殊情况： What&(中国人口是多
少？)(句子用单数) / Three quarters of the in this city are Arabs(阿拉伯人).(这个城市四分之三的人口是阿拉伯人)(句子用复数)
5、部分名词用法辨析：
1、sport、game、match、race 的区别：sport通常指&户外运动&,以锻炼为主,概念较大；game意思是&运动、比赛&,不管户内户外还是脑力体力,指以胜负为主的运动；match意为&竞赛、比赛&,多指正式比赛；race主要表示&赛跑、赛马、赛车&。如：(全世界的人都喜爱运动) / The 2008 Olympic will be held in Beijing.(2008奥运会将在北京举行)(被动句) / Our school football team won the league (联赛).(我们学校足球队取得了联赛冠军) / They (汤他们很棒,赢得了划艇比赛)
2、festival、holiday、vacation的区别：festival&节日&,指喜庆的日子或持续一段时间的
文娱活动；holiday(假日、休息日),指法定假日或风俗习惯,复数可以表示一个较长的假期；vacation&假期&,指学习或工作中一段长时间的休息。如：The Shanghai Television (上海电视节将在下个月举行)most people do not work.(星期天是个假日,多数人不工作) / What are you going to do (在暑期你打算做什么事情？)
3、journey、tour、trip、travel的区别：journey指在陆地上(或海上或空中)进行的长途旅
行,不知终点,含有辛苦的意思；tour指途中作短期逗留的巡回旅行,强调游览多处,常用来指观光等；trip通常指往返定时的短途旅行,如出差度假等；travel多指长期或长途的观光旅行,尤其指到国外,没有明确目的地,也作不可数名词,指旅行这一行为。如：He made up his mind to make the to Dunhuang.(他拿定主意要去敦煌旅行)/ He (他步行观光去了)last yeaar.(去年他去了上海好几次) / Did you go to Santiago(圣地亚哥) during your (旅行期间你去圣地亚哥了吗？) / through thick forests is dangerous.(在密林里边穿行是很危险的)
4、sound、noise、voice的区别：sound指各种声音；noise主要指&噪音&；voice指人
的&嗓音&。如：The noise of the street kept me awake in the night.(街上的喧嚣声让我彻夜难眠) / All of a sudden there was the sound of shots and a cry.(突然间传来几声枪响和一声尖叫) / The singer has lost her ringing voice as a result of a bad cold.(因为感冒的缘故,这个歌唱家失去了她银铃般的嗓音)
5、fish的问题：指许多条鱼且不管种类时,用fish,单复数相同；fishes 指许多种类的鱼；
fish指&鱼肉&时是不可数名词。如：(池子里有很多种类的鱼)/ I prefer fish to meat.(与肉相比我更喜欢鱼)
三、代词：
1、代词的分类：英语中代词分为：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、
疑问代词、连接代词和不定代词等等。
2、人称代词：人称代词代替人和事物的名称,分为主格和宾格两种形式。
第一人 第三人称单数 第一第二第二人 称单阳性 阴性 中性 人称人称第三人称复数 称单数 数 复数 复数
I she it we you 主 you (你) he they (他们,
(我) (他) (她) (它) (我们) (你们) 她们,它们) 格
me her it us you 宾 you (你) him them (他们,
(我) (他) (她) (她) (我们) (你们) 她们,它们) 格
1、主格用来作句子的主语、表语。如： (星期天我常去
购物) / Are they from Brazil?(他们是巴西人吗？) / Where have they gone?(他们上哪
儿去了？) / That&s it.(就那么回事) / It&s he!(是他！)
2、宾格用来作及物动词或者介词的宾语。如：(今年
谁教你们的英语？) / Help me!(救救我！) / We often write letters to her.(我们常给
3、人称代词作表语或者放在比较状语从句连词than或as之后时,可以用主格形式,也可
以用宾格形式,口语中大多用宾格。如：--Who is it?(是谁？) &It&s I/me.(是我。)
4、 三个不同人称同时出现,或者主语中包含&我&时,按照&you&he&I&的顺序表达。如： .(我和他都在那家电脑公司上班)&Who will go there?(谁要去那儿？) &你和我)
5、 人称代词it除了可以指人指物之外,还可以表示&时间、天气、温度、距离、情况&
等含义,此外还可以作&非人称代词&使用,替代作主语或者宾语的不定式、动名词
或者名词性从句。如：--What&s the weather like today?(今天天气怎样？)&It&s
fine.(天气晴好) / --What&s the time?(几点啦？) &：00.(12点)go.(那可要走好长的路)(打扫屋子花了他
三天的时间) / It is very clear that the public want to know when these men can go into
(很显然,公众想知道这些人什么时候能进入太空).(我们发觉要学好一门外语是非常困难的)
3、物主代词：说明事物所属关系的代词,分为形容词性和名词性两种。
第一人 第三人称单数 第一人第二人 第二人称单阳性 阴性 中性 称复 第三人称复数 称单数 称复数 数 数
your his her its our your 形容 my their (他们的,她们
(我的) (你的) (他的) (她的) (它的) (我们(你们词的,它们的)
的) 的) 性
Yours his hers its ours yours 名词 mine theirs(他们的,她们
(我的) (你的) (他的) (她的) (她的) (我们(你们性 的,它们的)
1、形容词性物主代词只能作句子中名词的修饰语,后面要跟名词。如：
(那是你的伞吗？)(我经
常在星期天去看望阿姨) / They are their books.(是他们的书)
2、名词性物主代词相当于名词,既代替事物又表明所属关系,在句子中往往独立地作主
语、宾语或者表语,后面千万不可以跟名词。如：
This is your cup,but where (这是你的杯子,可我的在哪儿？) / Your
.(你们的教室很大,我们的相当小)
3、&of + 名词性物主代词&称为双重所有格,作定语时放在名词的后面。如：
.(我的一个朋友昨天来看我了) (指若干朋
友中有一个来看我。)
[试比较] .(我的朋友昨天来看我了)(指我的那个
特定的朋友来看我。)
4、反身代词：表示谓语的动作与主语有关或者宾语补足语的动作与宾语有关。
反身代词是一种表示反射或强调的代词。它的基本含义是：通过反身代词指代主语，使施动者把动作在形式上反射到施动者自己。因此，反身代词与它所指代的名词或代词形成互指关
篇二：高一英语语法大全
高一英语语法大全
一．几个基本概念
1.定语从句的定义：用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
3.定语从句的位置：紧跟先行词（名词或代词）之后。
4.引导词：引导定语从句的词（包括关系代词和关系副词）。
﹙1﹚关系代词：that/who/whom/which/as
﹙2﹚关系副词：when/where/why
5.引导词的位置：位于定语从句之前（先行词之后）。【as除外】
6.引导词的功能（作用）：
﹙1﹚连接先行词和定语从句。
﹙2﹚在定语从句中充当一定的成分（关系代词充当主语或宾语，关系副词充当状语）。
7.定语从句的类型：
﹙1﹚限定性定语从句（主句和定语从句之间无逗号）。
① 直接由引导词引导定语从句
The man who you&re talking to is my friend.
② 由介词+关系代词（whom/which）引导
The man to whom you&re talking is my friend.
I need a pen with which I can write a letter.
=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter. ，该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。例如： The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.
=The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.
The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.
=The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century.
﹙2﹚非限定性定语从句（）。
① 直接由引导词引导定语从句。
② 由介词+关系代词（whom/which）引导。
I live in a house far away from the city, in front of which is a big tree.
There is an apple tree standing at the gate, on which are many apples.
This is the man to whom I gave the book.
③ 由&代词/名词+of+whom/which&或&of which/ whom +名词/代词&(先行词指
人用whom,指物用which)引导。One, some, any, none, all, both, several, many, most, neither, either等词、数词、分数或百分比与of whom或of which连用。
He has five children, two of whom are abroad.
(比较：He has five children, and two of them are abroad.)
We have three books, none of which is/are interesting.
(比较：We have three books, but none of them is/are interesting.)
除其余引导词都可以，用法同限定性定语从句一样。但要注意以下区别。
1.在形式上非限定性定语从句与主句有逗号隔开。
2.非限定性定语从句的作用：它只是补充说明先行词的情况，翻译时可译成两个句子。
The engineer, whose leg was badly hurt, was quickly sent to hospital.
（那位工程师被很快送往医院，其腿部受了重伤）
The engineer whose leg was badly hurt was quickly sent to hospital.
（那位腿部受了重伤的工程师被很快送往医院）
3.只能用who, 做宾语时用
指物做主语，宾语都用 关系副词用when或where，也不能省略。
The man, ______ is sitting on the chair, is my father. The city, _______ is far away, is very beautiful. The woman, _______ I met yesterday, is my English He went to America, ______ his parents live.
teacher. He joined the Army yesterday, ______ I left, too.
4.whose引导非限定性定语从句：
The house, whose window faces south, is mine.
=The house, the window of which faces south, is mine.＝The house, of which the window faces south, is mine.
二.定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的基本用法。
1.who/that指人是主格在定语从句中代替先行词，又作定语从句的主语，不能省略。
Do you know the gentleman who/that is sitting there?
2.whom/who/that指人是宾格，在定语从句中代替先行词，又作定语从句的宾语（动宾或介宾）。
① 当作动宾（动词后接宾语）时，关系代词可省略。
Do you know the gentleman (whom/who/that) we met just now?
② 当作介宾（介词后接宾语）时：
介词不提前时，关系代词可省略；
介词提前时，关系代词不可省，即介词＋whom(指人时介词后的关系代词只能用whom)。
The man (whom/who/that) I spoke with is my teacher.
The man with whom I spoke is my teacher.
※注：固定的动词短语（动词+介词）如look for, take care of等不能把动词与介词拆开，既介词不能提至引导词前。
She is the right girl (who/whom/that) we are looking for.
3.whose: 指人或物，是所有格&?的&形式。Whose+n.一起在定语从句中充当主语、宾语（动宾或介宾）即先行词的什么东西怎样了，whose不能省略。。I didn&t find the desk whose leg was broken. （主语）
He is the student whose pencil I broke yesterday. （动宾）
The boss in whose company I work is very kind. （介宾）
4.which/that 指物，指代先行词且在定语从句中作主语或宾语（动宾或介宾）。
① 当作动宾时，关系代词可省略。
② 当作介宾时：
介词不提前时，关系代词可省略；
介词提前时，关系代词不可省，即介词＋which(指物时介词后的关系代词只能用which)。
The house which/that was destroyed in the earthquake is weak.
The pen (which/that) you found yesterday is mine.
The games (that/which) the young men competed in were difficult.
The games in which the young men competed were difficult.
※注:介词+关系代词即介词+whom/which(先行词指人用whom，指物用which)。
※5.as指人或物，在定语从句中可作主语，宾语，表语或状语，不能省略。主要用于 &the same ?as?；such ?Such people as knew Hill thought he was honest. I&d like to have the same books as are used in your Such people as Hill knew thought he was honest. school.
My hometown is no longer the same as it was. He is not such a person as I expected.
Here is so big a stone as no one can lift. He will marry as pretty a girl as he can find.
The child knows as much as grow-ups (know).
※注：which和as可引导非限定性定语从句：可以指代主句中的一部分或整个句子的内容，which和as都可以指代主句中的一部分或整个句子的内容，有时可以互换。因此，当as/which指代前面的整个句子，或前句中的
部分内容作定语从句的主语时，谓语用单数．
Our team lost the game, as/which was reported in the newspaper.
She was terrified, as/which I could see from her eyes. He married her, as/which was natural.
①as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句前面、插在主句中间或放在主句末尾；而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句后面。
He married her, as/which was natural. =As was natural, he married her.
Mark Twin is a great writer, which/as is known to all.=As is known to all, Mark Twin is a great writer.
②as引导的从句有&正如&、&正像&之意，而which则无此意。常用句型有：
as we all know, as is known to all, as everybody can see, as is expected, As is known/ said/ reported/ told/ we all know等。如：As we all know, paper was first made in China./To shut your eyes to facts, as many of you do, is foolish. ③主句和从句有因果关系时，用which.
Our class has won the football match, which made us very happy. /Bamboos are hollow, which makes them very light. ④从句含否定意义时常用which.
She didn&t pass the exam, which we couldn&t expect./She didn&t pass the exam, as we expected.
6.when关系副词：指时间。在定语从句中作时间状语，不能省略。此时的when还可用介词+which替换（此时先行词一定是表时间的名词）。
I still remember the time when I joined the League.＝I still remember the time on which I joined the League. ＝I still remember the time (which/that) I joined the League on.
7.where关系副词：指地点。在定语从句中作地点状语，不能省略。此时的when还可用介词+which替换（此时先行词一定是表地点的名词）。
I still remember the school where I joined the League.＝I still remember the school in which I joined the League. ＝I still remember the school (which/that) I joined the League in.
※注：对关系副词when, where的认识。
①. 先行词是时间的名词，并非都用关系副词when引导定语从句。
I&ll never forget the time (which/that) I spent in Beijing.
②. 先行词是地点的名词，并非都用关系副词where引导定语从句。
This is the factory (which/that) he visited yesterday.
③. 当句型为It/This/That is(was) the first(second?last) time引起的句子时用that连接其后的句子。此时的time是次数，不是时间。
It/This is the first time that we travel./It/This is the last time that I shall give you a lesson.
8. why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，先行词通常为reason,不能省略。且why引导的定语从句只能是限定性定语从句。Why= for which
I don&t know the reason why he was late yesterday./The reason why(for which) he was late is that he missed the bus. ※注：当先行词为reason时，关系副词并非都用why。
This is the reason (that/ which) he gave/ explained to us. 【判断用关系代词还是关系副词】
从句缺少的是主语、宾语还是状语是确定用关系代词还是关系副词的关键。试比较：
I will never forget the day (which/that) I spent in Hongkong.
( spent是及物动词，后缺宾语，因此用关系代词或省略 )
I will never forget the day when/on which Hongkong returned to its motherland.
（ 从句主谓宾结构完整，缺状语，因此用关系副词或介词加关系代词 ）
The reason （that/which）he gave for not coming to school yesterday isn&t believable.
( gave是及物动词，后缺宾语，因此用关系代词或省略 )
The reason why he didn&t come to school yesterday isn&t believable.
（ 从句主谓宾结构完整，缺状语，因此用关系副词或介词加关系代词 ）
三. 值得注意的几个问题：
1.当先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。
This is the best film that has been shown this year.
This is the first book (that) I borrow from the library.
※He is the first student that/who came to school today.
2.当先行词为两个或两个以上分别指人和物的名词时。
He talked about the teachers and the school (that) he had visited.
3.当先行词本身是all的，用that。(all that=what)
All that (what) I want to say to you is &Thank you&.=All (what) I want to say to you is &Thank you&.
Go over all that (what) we learned. =Go over all (what) we learned.（that在定语从句中充当宾语可以省略）
4.先行词为something, anything, nothing, everything, thing时，用that. e.g.I&ll tell you anything (that) I know.
5.当先行词前有all, much, little, many, (a) few, every, some, any, no, only, the very, one of, the only, the last, the next等修饰语时。
This is one of the books (that) I&m very interesting in.
※ This is one of the books in which I&m very interesting.
This is the only book (that) I read.
He is the only one of the boys that likes playing the piano.
All the glasses that were on the table fell off onto the floor.
6.（人，物），当先行词在以who或which开头的特殊疑问句中时，用that引导以避免混淆．
Who is the man that is talking with the lady?
Which of you that know the answer can come to the front?
7.当先行词是在定语从句中作表语时，用that．e.g.He likes the girl that she used to be.
第二. 当先行词是物时，关系代词(that/which)只用which的情况。
1.作介宾且介词置于引导词之前时．The room in which he lives is very large.
2.引导非限定性定语从句时（主，宾都用which, 都不能省略）．
Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.
The house, which I visited yesterday, is very large.
3.which指整个句子的内容或部分内容，引导非限定性定语从句．e.g.He always makes fun of me, which upsets me. 第三. 其他特殊情况．
1.先行词是these, those指人时，关系代词只用who. e.g.Those who are playing over there are my students.
2.先行词是人称代词(he, she?)时，关系代词只用who. e.g.He who doesn&t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
3.不定代词someone, anyone, everyone, no one, somebody, anybody, everybody作先行词时，关系代词用who. Anybody who breaks the rules would be punished.
4.①先行词是the only one of +可数名词复数，在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语用单数形式（因为此时的先行词是the only one,而不是of 后的可数名词复数）．
He is the only one of the boys that likes playing the piano./This is the only one of the books that is borrowed.
②先行词是one of +可数名词复数，在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语用复数形式（因为此时的先行词是of 后的可数名词复数,而不是one）． e.g.This is one of the students who are late.
5.当主句缺先行词时，用the one 代替，但须注意：the one只能代替可数名词单数．如为不可数名词时，指什么用什么． e.g.Is this school the one I visited yesterday?/Is pop music the music he likes best?
6. 当先行词是the way, 在定语从句中充当方式状语时（the way表＂以?方式／方法＂），引导词通常用that或省略，也可用in which．
I don&t like the way (that) you speak.=I don&t like the way in which you speak.=I don&t like the way (which/that) you speak in. 在定语从句中，介词+关系代词结构是一种较为复杂的问题。现就几种常见的介词+关系代词的结构浅析如下：
1．介词+which在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语，代替相应的关系副词when, where和why。如：I still remember the day on which (when) I first came to school.我仍然记得初来学校的那一天。
The factory in which (=where) I work is a large one.我工作的工厂是一个大工厂。
This is the reason for which (=why) he was late.这就是他为什么迟到的原因。
2．介词+which（指物）/ whom（指人）在定语从句中作地点状语，表示存在关系，定语从句主谓一般要倒置。 They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy.他来到一处农舍，前边坐着一个小男孩。
I saw a man, on the head of whom stood a bird.我看见一个人，他的头上站着一只鸟。
3．介词+ which（指物）/ whom（指人）在定语从句中作目的、方式或地点状语。这种结构中的介词一般受动词或介词后的名词所制约。如：
Could you tell me for whom you&ve bought this coat?你能告诉我这件衣服是给谁买的吗？
The man, from whom I learned the news, is an engineer.这人是一位工程师，我是从他那里得到这消息的。
4．介词+which/whom，用于被动结构的定语从句中，作状语，说明动作的出发者。如：
The wolf by which the sheep was killed was shot.伤害羊的那只狼被打死了。
The man by whom the wolf was shot was a good hunter.打死狼的那人是个好猎手。
5．不定代词+of+which/whom，在定语从句中作主语，说明整体中的部分，常用的不定代词有：both, all, any, some, each, none, most等。如：
There are a lot of books here, none of which belongs to me.这儿有许多书，可一本也不属于我。
Yesterday Mary bought a few clothes, all of which were expensive.昨天玛丽买了一些衣服，他们都很贵。
6．数词+of+which/whom，在定语从句中作主语，说明整体与部分的关系。数词可以是基数词、序数词、分数或百分数。如：
In our class there are fifty-four students, twenty-five of whom are girls.我们班有54名学生，25人是女生。 Two watches were stolen, one of which was mine.两只手表被偷了，其中一只是我的。
7．名词+of+which代替whose+名词，在定语从句中作定语。如：
I saw some trees, the leaves of which (=whose leaves) were black with disease.我看见一些树，他们的叶子因害病而发黑。/I live in a house, the windows of which are all broken.我住在一所房子里，其窗都破了。
8．介词+ which（指物）/ whose（指人）修饰后边的名词。如：
It rained all night and all day, during which time the ship was broken into pieces.雨下了一天一夜，就在这期间轮船撞碎了。/The driver was the man from whose room she had stolen the maps.司机就是那个人，她从他的房间偷走地图。
9．形容词最高级+of+which/whom结构，在定语从句中，作定语，表部分关系。如：
China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan.中国有成千上万个岛屿，其中最大的是台湾岛。 In our class there are twenty girls, the cleverest of whom is Li Hua.我们班有20名女生，最聪明的是李华。
10．介词+which+不定式。此种用法多见于正式文体中，相当于一个定语从句。如：
At last he had something about which to write home.他终于有了给家里写信的内容了。
He had no key with which to open the door.他没有开门的钥匙。
He has a small room in which to live.
1． 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词应和先行词的人称和数保持一致。
This is one of the books which were written by Mark Twain.这是马克吐温所写的书中的一本。（先行词是books，因此动词应用were。）
2． 关系代词或关系副词在从句中充当一个句子成分，因此要注意避免从句中句子成分的重复出现。 This is the most beautiful place that I have visited it.
This is the most beautiful place that I have visited. 这是我参观过的最美的地方。（去掉it，因that代替先行词the most beautiful place在定语从句中作visit的宾语，再加it就多余了。）
The school where I worked there is a big one.
The school where I worked is a big one.我所工作过的学校是一所大学校。（去掉there，因where既引导定语从句，又在从句中代替in the school作状语。）
3． 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时不可省略。
The books were on the table were given to you.
The books that were on the table were given to you.桌上的那些书是给你的。（关系代词that作主语不能省）
4． &one of the +复数名词&后的定语从句中谓语动词的单复数情况。
&one of the +复数名词&时，复数名词是先行词，所以谓语动词常用复数形式。如果&one of the +复数名词&前
篇三：高一英语语法总结大全
(Members of a Sentence)
现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。
一个完整的英语句子，至少由两部分组成（祁使句除外）&&主语和谓语。主语是一个句子叙述的主体，表明这句话描述的是什么，谓语则用以说明主语的情况，它在人称和单复数形式上应与主语保持一致。
除了主语和谓语，句子有时还需要其他的成分，如用在系动词后表明主语性质，特征，状态或身份的表语，用在及物动后，表示行为对象或结果的宾语，修饰或限定名词或代词的定语，修饰动词形容词副词介词短语或全句的状语以及对一个名词或代词作进一步解释的同位语等。
英语五种基本句型列式如下：
一： Ｓ Ｖ （主＋谓）
二： Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ （主＋系＋表）
三： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾）
四： Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）
五： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
基本句型 一：Ｓ Ｖ （主＋谓）
主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如you），数词，名词化的形容词，动词不定式，动名词或从句。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come.
此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思，不能再接对象（即宾语），这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等作状语。 Ｓ │ Ｖ （不及物动词）
1. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。
2. The universe │remains.宇宙长存。
3. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。
4. Who │cares? 管它呢？
5. What he said │does not matter.他所讲的没有什么关系。
6. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。
7. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。
基本句型 二： Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ （主＋系＋表）
系动词分三类：1）表示人或事物的身份特征或状态:appear, be, feel , look, seem,
smell,sound, taste。例如 look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好，smell bad/难闻，taste good/尝起来不错；
2)表示状态的变化：become,come,fall,go,get, grow, turn,prove等；例如become cold/变冷，go grey/变灰白, (dreams) come true/（梦想）实现；
3)表示某种状态的延续或持续：continue，remain, stay, keep 等。例如keep silent/保持沉默，stay fine/仍然很好 。
注意：be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。
表语通常由名词n. 代词pron. 形容词adj. 数词，副词adv. 介词短语prep.phr.，动词不定式to-do，现在分词，或从句等担任。
Ｓ │Ｖ（系动词）│ Ｐ
1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。（n.）
2. The dinner │smells │good. (adj.) 午餐的气味很好。
3. The trouble│is │that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。(句子，表语从句)
4. Our well │has gone │dry.我们井干枯了。
5.The war was over. 战争结束了。(adv.)
6. He seemed to know the truth.他似乎知道真相。(动词不定式)
7. He is out of condition. 他身体情况不太好。(介词短语)
8. Time is pressing. 时间紧迫。（现在分词）
9. Who was the first? 谁第一？（数词）
There be 结构： There be 表示?存在有?。这里的there没有实际意义，不可与副词?there那里?混淆。 此结构后跟名((来自于: 唯才 教育 网:高一英语语法有哪些)词，表示?（存在）有某事物?
There is a boy there.（那儿有一个男孩。）/前一个there无实意，后一个there为副词?那里?。
基本句型 三： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾）
此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。宾语位于及物动词之后，一般同主语构成一样，不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是?代词宾格?，如：me，him，them等
Ｓ │Ｖ（及物动词）│ Ｏ
1. Who │knows │the answer? 谁知道答案？
2. He │has refused │to help them. 他拒绝帮他们。
3. They │ate │what was left over. 他们吃了剩饭。
4. I │want │to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。
5. He │admits │that he was mistaken. 他承认犯了错误。
基本句型 四： Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）
有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give给，pass递，bring带，show显示。 宾语包括直接宾语（动作的承受者或结果，一般指物）和间接宾语（表示动作是谁做的，或为谁做的，一般指认）。
e.g. They offered me the job.他们把那份工作给了我。
Ｓ │Ｖ（及物）│ ｏ（多指人） │ Ｏ（多指物）
1. She │ordered │herself │a new dress. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳。
2. She │cooked │her husband │a delicious meal. 她给丈夫煮了一顿美餐。
3. He │brought │you │a dictionary. 他给你带来了一本字典。
4. He │denies │her │nothing. 他对她什么都不拒绝。
5. I │showed │him │my pictures. 我给他看我的照片
6. I │gave │my car │a wash. 我洗了我的汽车。
7. I │told │him │that the bus was late. 我告诉他汽车晚点了。
8. He │showed │me │how to run the machine. 他教我开机器。
间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。 一般的顺序为：动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。如：Give me a cup of tea, please.
注意：间接宾语在下列情况下常可以改为一个由to或for引起的短语。
1）当直接宾语是一个人称代词时
Give it to me. 把它给我。（试比较：Give me the book.）
I?ll order it for you. 我给你点菜。（试比较：I ordered us three dishes.）
2）需对间接宾语加以强调时
I've bought this book for you, not for myself.
常用的接双宾语的动词有1）介词用to的: give, show, send, bring, offer, read, pass, lend, hand, tell, return, write, pay, throw, allow, wish, teach, fetch等; 2) 介词用for的: make, do, spare, order, cook, sing, buy, find, get等。
基本句型 五： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。
宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，它们一起构成复合宾语。能作宾补的有：名词，形容词，介词短语，不定式短语，分词短语，副词等。例如：
1）名词/代词宾格 + 名词
The war made him a soldier./战争使他成为一名战士.
2）名词/代词宾格 + 形容词
New methods make the job easy./新方法使这项工作变得轻松.
3）名词/代词宾格 + 介词短语
I often find him at work./我经常发现他在工作.
4）名词/代词宾格 + 动词不定式
The teacher ask the students to close the windows./老师让学生们关上窗户.
5）名词/代词宾格 + 分词
I saw a cat running across the road./我看见一只猫跑过了马路.
6）名词/代词宾格+副词
Please keep the dog out.
Ｓ │Ｖ（及物）│ Ｏ（宾语） │ Ｃ（宾补）
1. They │appointed │him │manager. 他们任命他当经理。
2. They │painted │the door │green. 他们把门漆成绿色
3. This │set │them │thinking. 这使得他们要细想一想。
4. They │found │the house │deserted. 他们发现那房子无人居住。
5. What │makes │him │think so? 他怎么会这样想？
6. We │saw │him │out. 我们送他出去
7. He │asked │me │to come back soon. 他要我早点回来。
8. I │saw │them │getting on the bus. 我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。
但常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短，这些句子除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语（modifier）而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。我们称之为：定语、状语
一、 定语：定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用?&&的?表示。
定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some, any, every, no构成的复合不定代词时，（如：something、nothing）；或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时，则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。
形容词作定语：
The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修饰名词boy；blue修饰名词pen.）/小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔。
Tom is a handsome boy./Tom是个英俊的男孩。
数词作定语相当于形容词：
Two boys need two pens./两个男孩需要两支钢笔。
There are two boys in the room./房间里有两个男孩。
代词或名词所有格作定语：
The boy needs Tom\'s pen./他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。
His name is Tom./他的名字是汤姆。
介词短语作定语：
? The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours./教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。 ? The boy in blue is Tom./穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。
? There are two boys of 9,and three of 10./有两个9岁的，三个10岁的男孩。
名词作定语：
? The boy needs a ball pen./男孩需要一支圆珠笔。
? He works in a trade company。 他在一家贸易公司上班。
副词作定语：
? The boy there needs a pen./那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。
? She meet her English teacher on her way home .
不定式作定语：
? The boy to write this letter needs a pen./写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。
? There is nothing to do today./今天无事要做。
分词（短语）作定语：
? The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother./那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的
? The pen bought by her is made in China./她买的笔是中国产的。
? There are five boys left./有五个留下的男孩。
定语从句：
? The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday./那个在阅读的男孩需要
你昨天买的钢笔。
? The boy you will know is Tom./你将认识的男孩叫汤姆。
? There are five boys who will play the game./参加游戏的男孩有五个。
二、状语：
状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。
状语在句子中的位置很灵活，常见情况为：
1）通常在句子基本结构之后，强调时放在句首；
2）修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；
3)表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首，地点状语一般须在时间状语之前(如果修饰同一个动词的时间状语或地点状语不止一个，则一般按照&由小到大&排列)；
e.g. He arrived here at about ten o?clock yesterday morning.
she lived in a small village in the north.
4)一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前
副词（短语）作状语：
? The boy needs a pen very much./男孩非常需要一支钢笔。（程度状语）
? The boy needs a pen now./ Now, the boy needs a pen./ The boy, now, needs a pen./男孩现在
需要一支钢笔。（时间状语）
介词短语作状语：In the classroom, the boy needs a pen./在教室里，男孩需要一支钢笔。（地点状语）
? Before his mother, Tom is always a boy./在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件状语) ? On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom./星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间状语)分词（短语）作状语：
? He sits there, asking for a pen./他坐在那儿要一支笔。（表示伴随状态）
? Having to finish his homework, the boy needs a pen./因为不得不完成作业，男孩需要一支
笔。（原因状语）
? Frightened, he sits there soundlessly./（因为）受了惊吓，他无声地坐在那儿。（原因状语）不定式作状语：
? The boy needs a pen to do his homework./男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。（目的状语） ? To make his dream come true, Tom becomes very interested in business./为实现梦想,汤姆变
得对商业很有兴趣.
名词作状语：
? Come this way!/走这条路！（方向状语）
状语从句：
? 时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、比较状
语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句
三、同位语：同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分，近乎于后置定语。如：
? We students should study hard. / (students是we的同位语，都是指同一批?学生?）}