Improved process for the preparation of codeine from morphine. - Patent - Europe PMC
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Improved process for the preparation of codeine from morphine.
(PAT - EP0268710)
AYYANGAR NAGARAJ RAMANUJ
CHOUDHARY ANIL RAMKUMAR
KALKOTE UTTAM RAMRAO
SHARMA VASANT KAUSHAL
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Codeine is prepared by reacting morphine with trimethyl phenyl ammonium chloride in the presence of an alkali metal carbonate and a hydrocarbon solvent at a temperature of from 40 DEG to l20 DEG C. Codeine is recovered from the reaction mixture. Codeine is useful as an analgesic and antitussive drug.
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Rapid estimation of diacetylmorphine in the presence of acetylcodeine
Nakamura, George R., 1963: Rapid estimation of diacetylmorphine in the presence of acetylcodeine. Jour Assoc Offic Agric Chem 46(4): 769-770
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Evidence that morphine and codeine are the major immunoreactive morphinans in mammalian brain
Weitz C.J.; Lowney L.I.; Barrett R.W.; Goldstein A., 1986: Evidence that morphine and codeine are the major immunoreactive morphinans in mammalian brain. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 12(1): 408
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Comparison of the antinociceptive effects of morphine, methadone, buprenorphine and codeine in two substrains of Sprague-Dawley rats
Bulka, A.; Kouya, P.F. Bottiger, Y.; Svensson, J.O. Xu, X.J.n; Wiesenfeld Hallin, Z., 2004: Comparison of the antinociceptive effects of morphine, methadone, buprenorphine and codeine in two substrains of Sprague-Dawley rats. European Journal of Pharmacology 492(1): 27-34, May 10
Sprague-Dawley rats from two different vendors, Mollegard, Denmark and B&K Universal, Sweden, have been tested for the antinociceptive effect of morphine, methadone, buprenorphine and codeine on the hot plate. Morphine and methadone had significantly weaker effect in Mollegard rats compare to B&K rats. In contrast, the effect of buprenorphine was stronger in Mollegard rats than in B&K rats and the effect of codeine was similar in the two substrains. Plasma levels of morphine, morphine-6-glucuronide, morphine-3-glucuronide, buprenorphine and norbuprenorphine were determined at two time points after drug injection. Mollegard rats had significantly lower mean plasma level of morphine and significantly higher ratio of morphine-3-glucuronide/morphine at 30 min, compared to B&K rats. No difference was seen for the metabolism of buprenorphine in the two substrains. The results suggest that Mollegard rats metabolize morphine to morphine-3-glucuronide to a greater extent than B&K rats, and this may at least partly underlie the substrain difference in the effect of morphine. It is also suggested that the antinociceptive mechanisms of buprenorphne may be different from those of morphine and methadone.
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