扫二维码下载作业帮
2亿+学生的选择
下载作业帮安装包
扫二维码下载作业帮
2亿+学生的选择
高一英语句型转换He was ill and did not attend the metting._______________,he did not attend the meeting.After she was told that her daughter got sick,she hurried to the school to take her home.________________,she hurried to the school to take her home.转换句子主语都在后面,告诉我怎么转换后最好说清楚为什么要这样转,
扫二维码下载作业帮
2亿+学生的选择
原句1是并列句,没有逗号,看到变换的句子中有逗号,要考虑使用分词原句2是主从复合句,有after连接的从句,要变换的句子前半部分也有逗号,所以根据这2题可以确定考察非谓语动词的用法.因而答案为：1.Being ill,he did not attend the meeting.2.Having been told that her daughter got sick,she hurried to the school to take her home.
为您推荐：
其他类似问题
其实这是一种状语从句的转换。用现在进行时或现在完成时做状语，使句子从简单句变成复杂句，使句子更加灵活1.Being ill,he did not attend the meeting.2.Having been told that her daughter got sick,she hurried to the school to take her home.
Because/Since he was ill, he did not attend the meeting.Having been told her daughter got sick, she hurried to the school to take her home. 第二句运用的是现在分词的完成被动式，因为tell这个动作发生在hurried之前。
扫描下载二维码当前位置: >>>
新编大学英语阅读部分第三册Unit10-2
特别声明：本栏目内容均从网络收集或者网友提供，供仅参考试用，我们无法保证内容完整和正确。如果资料损害了您的权益，请与站长联系，我们将及时删除并致以歉意。
(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
Unit 10 Business Strategies After-Class Reading PASSAGE I National
and Business Behavior We are repeatedly warned to beware of
yet, paradoxically, it seems that the human mind cannot resist categorizing people and things. We love to "", to make order out of a universe that frequently seems to us confusing and even .[1] Nowhere is this tendency more evident than in our willingness to generalize about nationalities.[2] We create national stereotypes and cling
to our prejudices. To
this point, we shall look at the findings of a survey carried out by the market research firm, Parkland Research Europe. This organization carried out a
study of European attitudes by questioning 185 business executives, lawyers, engineers, teachers and other professional people from seven European countries. These were: Germany, France, Britain, Switzerland, Italy, the Netherlands, and Belgium. The resulting publication, Guide to National Practices in Western Europe, gave some idea of what Europeans think of each other. It revealed many widely-held stereotypes, but also came up with a few surprises. The following summary gives some of the data from this survey. Parkland Findings GERMANS Liked themselves best of all. Most Europeans agreed that the Germans had the highest proportion of good qualities. They considered themselves very tolerant, but nobody else did. They saw themselves as fashionable. Others found them "square"[3]. FRENCH Not Really admired by anyone except the Italians. Other Europeans found them conservative, , brilliant, superficial. Also, not very friendly. The French agreed on the last point! BRITISH Mixed reactions. Some found them calm, reserved, open-minded, others deemed them narrow-minded,
and superior. Everyone was unanimous that the British had an excellent sense of humor. The British most admired the Dutch. SWISS Showed considerable
and powers of self-analysis. Saw themselves as serious, trustworthy, but too money-minded[4] and suspicious. Most Europeans agreed. The Swiss liked the Germans best. ITALIANS Generally considered by everyone to be lazy and untrustworthy. And the Italians agreed! Most also found them to be charming,
and noisy. The Italians admired the French and the Dutch. Hardly anyone loved the Italians except the French. DUTCH Most admired people in Europe—except by their neighbors—the Belgians. Everyone agreed that the Dutch are hard-working, , good-natured, tolerant and business-minded. The Netherlands, however, was not considered a good place to live in. BELGIANS Least admired in this group. They see themselves as easy-going and
workers. Other Europeans consider them undisciplined and narrow-minded—and terrible drivers! As a follow-up to this study, businessmen were asked to imagine they were setting up a
company. They had to choose a national for the positions of president, managing director, chief cashier, public relations officer and skilled and unskilled . The Germans came out of this exercise smelling of roses![5] They were the universal choice for the top jobs, and also first choice for skilled workers. The Italians were
t the French received massive support for the light-weight public relations post[6]. According to the
in charge of Parkland Research, "No European picked an Italian as president or chief cashier. Moreover, no Italian or Frenchman picked one of his own nationals as chief cashier!" What might have been the choices, one speculates, if all nationalities had been
for the above posts. Would the Japanese have swept the board?[7] Surely not! Could a Japanese be chosen as chief cashier over a Swiss? And then, what about the Americans? They would surely force their way into[8] the organization structure of this multinational company. And there again[9], there should be room for an
Chinese or a shrewd Russian ... From the theory, we turn to practice. We will conclude by giving some examples of how national characteristics can affect business behavior. We take as our source a study made recently by two British journalists of the problems encountered when Germans work in Britain and
versa. The German characteristics of industry and punctuality were
by the example of a German executive who was appointed to the head of a specialist department of his company's branch in London. While he arrived at his office every morning at 9 a.m. on the dot, his senior employees rarely rolled up much before 10 a.m. For several weeks, harsh words were exchanged and tempers became more and more . Finally, however, the German realized that his subordinates frequently worked on until eight or nine in the evening. They were doing certain work in the evening which he did early in the morning. Since most of the company's business was with the US, this kind of work schedule made sense. Eventually, the German changed his working hours—much to his wife's displeasure! A British executive working in Germany found that he had to modify his employment policies because of the German
for system and formality. He told the investigating reporters, "A number of the German people we have employed have complained that we did not have a comprehensive enough policy manual." He met the problem by spelling out in company recruitment
that employees had to have an understanding and liking for the British way of life. During interviews, he warned
employees that they would have to work in a much less formal environment than they were used to. Their colleagues would call them by their first names and expect this practice to be .[10] They would work on their own initiative and junior employees especially would probably have more responsibility than their counterparts in German companies. Finally, the executive stressed that employees would be expected to make decisions based on a ""
of the company's policy guidelines rather than operate on the principle that "if it's not in the book, it can't be done." The policy of this executive had certainly paid off since[11], with this approach to recruitment, staff
had been reduced significantly. (971 words) Proper Names Belgian 比利时人 Belgium 比利时 Italy 意大利 the Netherlands 荷兰 Swiss 瑞士人 Switzerland 瑞士 New Words categorize * v. put people or things in a category, classify 把......归类 e.g. I ) Her writing is very individual-it's difficult to categorize. II) Animals can be categorized according to the food they eat. chaotic * adj. in a state of complete
and confusion 混乱的 e.g. I ) She leads a very chaotic life, always running around doing several things at once. II) There were chaotic scenes in shops as people found out that food stocks would soon run out. commonsense * adj. having practical good sense and
gained from experience, rather than special knowledge from school or study 有常识的，懂情理的 e.g. I like her commonsense approach to everyday problems. comprehensive adj. including a lot or everything 广泛的，综合的 e.g. We carried out a comprehensive survey of plant life in the area. conservative adj. 1) not liking changes or new ideas 保守的，守旧的 e.g. She argues from a rather conservative standpoint. 2) not very modern in style, taste, manners etc., traditional 不赶时髦的，传统的 e.g. The girl was well dressed, as usual, though in a more conservative style. counterpart n. a person or thing that has the same purpose or does the same job as another in a different system 与对方地位相当的人，与另一方作用相当的物 e.g. The Minister of
is meeting his American counterpart in Washington today. deem v. consider, have the opinion, judge 认为，视为，断定为 e.g. I ) The country would support the use of force if the UN deemed it necessary. II) She was deemed by the judge to be in contempt of the court. diligent adj. showing steady careful effort, hardworking 勤奋的，勤勉的 e.g. The diligent workers finished the project on time. economist * n. a specialist in economics 经济学家 e.g. Lloyd's Bank
are predicting that inflation will rise to five percent this year. eligible adj. having the necessary qualities, satisfying the necessary conditions 有条件被选中的，有恰当资格的 e.g. I ) You could be eligible for a university scholarship. II) Are you eligible for early ? fashionable adj. characteristic of, influenced by, or representing a current popular trend or style 符合时尚的，时髦的，流行的 e.g. It's not fashionable to wear short skirts at the moment. formality * n. careful attention to rules and accepted forms of behavior 拘泥形式，拘谨，遵守礼节 e.g. Even with close friends he observes a certain formality.
v. cause (a person's temper, nerves, etc.) to become worn out 使（脾气等）烦躁 hospitable adj. (of a person) pleased to welcome and entertain guests 好客的，殷勤的 e.g. Your parents were very hospitable to me when I first came to Edinburgh and knew nobody. industrious adj. hardworking, diligent 勤劳的，勤奋的 e.g. She spent an industrious morning in the garden. insular adj. narrow-minded and avoiding contact with others 偏狭保守的 lucidity n. a presumed capacity to perceive the truth directly and instantaneously 洞彻事理 multinational * adj. (of a company) having factories, offices, or other operations in many different countries 多国的，跨国的 e.g. He works for one of the major multinational food companies. paradoxically * adv. in a way that is surprising because it is the opposite of what one would expect 自相矛盾地，反常地 e.g. Paradoxically (enough), the faster he tried to finish, the longer it seemed to take him. pigeonhole v. put into the proper class or group 把......归类 e.g. It's the sort of job you can't pigeonhole-he seems to do different things every day. n. any of a set of box-like divisions in a frame e.g. on a wall or on top of a desk, for putting papers or letters 鸽笼式文件（信箱）架 e.g. Leave the report in my pigeonhole when you've read it. prospective adj. likely to be or become, expected or intended 可能的，预期的，未来的 e.g. We have received letters of application from several prospective candidates. punctuality * n. the observance of not being late, happening, doing something, etc., at the exact time 严守时刻，准时 e.g. The boss does expect punctuality from us.
v. put somebody/something into a lower rank or position 使降位，使降级 reserved * adj.
to express one's emotions or talk about one's problems 矜持的，沉默寡言的 shrewd adj. having or showing good judgment and common sense 敏锐的，精明的 e.g. He was shrewd enough not to take the job when there was the possibility of getting a better one a few months later. speculate v. 1) form opinions without having definite or complete knowledge or evidence 推测，推断 e.g. I ) I don't really know what happened-I'm just speculating. II) The expert speculated that the inflation rate would remain low. 2) assume a business risk in hope of gain 投机，做投机买卖 e.g. People who speculate have to be prepared to take the risk of losing money. tenaciously adv. in the state of being
to do something and unwilling to stop trying even when the situation is difficult 坚韧不拔地，执着地 trustworthy adj. deserving of trust, dependable 值得信赖的，可靠的 e.g. He was an experienced and trustworthy travelling companion. turnover n. 1) rate at which workers leave a factory, company, etc. and are replaced 人员流动率，人事变动率 e.g. They have a very high turnover of staff because their working conditions are so bad. 2) the amount of business done in a particular period, measured in money, or the rate at which a particular kind of article is sold 营业额，成交量 e.g. The shop has a turnover of $ 10,000.00 a week. unanimous adj. all agreeing on a decision or an opinion 全体一致的，一致同意的，无异议的 e.g. I ) The decision to strike was unanimous. II) The committee were unanimous that the application should be turned down. undisciplined * adj. lacking in discipline, uncontrolled in behavior or manner 不遵守纪律的，难控制的 e.g. People often complain that British children are undisciplined. Phrases and Expressions on one's own initiative without anyone else ordering one to do something or suggesting that one should do it 主动地，自发地 e.g. I ) He went to see the headmaster on his own initiative. II) On their own initiative they have started a local campaign against the use of tobacco. on the dot (informal) at the exact point in time 准时，在指定的时间 e.g. I ) Lessons start at 8 o'clock on the dot. II) The plane landed on the dot of two o'clock. pay off bring good results, be successful 成功 e.g. I ) Did your plan pay off? II) Sandra was determined to become a doctor and her
paid off. roll up (informal) arrive, especially late or in some unacceptable way （尤指姗姗来迟地或以某种不当的方式）抵达，到达 e.g. I ) Bill finally rolled up two hours late. II) I might have known you wouldn't roll up until the meeting had nearly finished. spell out explain something clearly and in detail 清楚地说明，详细地解释 e.g. My instructions seem simple enough-do I have to spell them out again? sweep the
win everything that can be won, especially very easily （轻易地）大获全胜 e.g. I) Switzerland swept the board in the skiing competition. II) I swept the board at the casino (赌场) last night. vice versa with the order changed, with the relations reversed 反之亦然，反过来（也是这样） e.g. When she wants to go out, he wants to stay in, and vice versa. PASSAGE II The Japanese Approach to Management During the 1970s and 1980s, American managers invested much time and money studying Japanese approaches to management because of the fine quality of Japanese products and the general productivity of their organizations. While the American and Japanese cultures differ significantly in many ways, it is still possible to examine Japanese management and discover several relevant principles. Extensive studies of Japanese organizations have demonstrated that Japanese managers stress the following: 1. Bottom-up Initiative. Japanese managers believe that change and initiative within an organization should come from those closest to the problem. So they
change from below. Top-level Japanese managers see their task as creating an atmosphere in which subordinates are motivated to seek better solutions. 2. Top Management as Facilitator. Japanese managers do not view themselves as having all the answers. When a subordinate brings in a proposal, the manager neither accepts nor rejects it. Rather, he tactfully, politely asks questions, makes suggestions, and provides encouragement. 3. Middle Management as
for and Shaper of Solutions. In the Japanese system, junior (middle) managers are initiators who perceive problems and
tentative solutions in
they are not
specialists who carry out their boss's directives. Because so much emphasis is placed on coordination and , solutions to problems evolve more slowly, but they are known and understood by all those who have been a part of the solution generation process.[1] Horizontal communication[2] is stressed as essential to the coordination of problem-solving efforts. 4.
as a Way of Making Decisions. The Japanese are less inclined to think in terms of absolutes, that is, the solution (which is right)
the alternatives (which are wrong).[3] Rather, they recognize a range of alternatives, several of which might work and all of which possess advantages and disadvantages. When a group makes a decision, all members become committed to the chosen solution. From a Japanese perspective, that commitment, and the ensuing
toward working to make the solution successful, is probably more important than the objective quality of the decision. The Japanese have an interesting concept of consensus. Those who consent to a decision are not necessarily
it. Rather, consent means that each person is satisfied that his point of view has been fairly heard, and although he or she may not wholly agree that the decision is the best one, he or she is willing to go along with it and even support it. 5. Concern for Employees' Personal . Japanese managers have a kind of paternalistic attitude toward their employees. Traditionally, Japanese organizations have offered their workers housing, extensive recreational facilities, and lifetime employment. The Japanese believe that it is impossible to divorce a worker's personal and professional lives.[4] Good managers express concern for workers as persons with homes and families as well as for the quality of the products the workers produce. Managers typically work alongside their subordinates, counsel them regarding their personal lives, and encourage much peer interaction. It is interesting that principles that are considered by many to be advantages of the Japanese system can also be viewed as problems, at least from an American perspective. There is a fine line between encouraging consensus and forcing it.[5] When groups place too much emphasis on being agreeable and conforming to organizational expectations, poor quality decision making is a likely outcome. Moreover, the Japanese notion of taking care of employees can extend into an extreme form of paternalism with which few well-educated Americans would be comfortable. It is appropriate to protect children or others who cannot think for or look after themselves. But professionals hardly fall into these categories. Most Americans would prefer an organizational system that makes it possible for them to function as mature, intelligent human beings, responsible for their own security and well-being. Finally, some authors have suggested that Japanese style management as adapted to American organizations is little more than a tool for even greater management control.[6] An employee who has a life commitment to a particular organization, for instance, becomes vulnerable. Since he does not perceive
options, he is more likely to tolerate existing working conditions, even if he finds them unpleasant. The employee is also encouraged to become a generalist rather than a specialist. Thus, a person's
in a particular area is rarely
developed so that the organization actually grows to depend on him or her as an irreplaceable employee. Instead, substitutes are readily found. Moreover, should an employee who has worked in this kind of organizational environment decide to abandon his commitment to this organization after a few years of working as a generalist, he would be poorly equipped to move into other American organizations since he would be competing with specialists. The body of research on Japanese organizations continues to grow. Recent research suggests that one cannot generalize about Japanese workers — that males and females, young and old, differ in their decision-making style and management preference. One study reported that Japanese workers were more passive than commonly thought, preferring to be persuaded of the value of a decision by their
over making the decision themselves.[7] However, a different study found that Japanese managers place a far greater emphasis on
and cooperation than their American counterparts. Thus, a consistent and coherent view of Japanese organizations does not yet exist. Like the other approaches to management, the Japanese approach is very interesting. In reminding us of the value of the individual, the need for participative decision making, and the potential of facilitative management, it has been extremely useful. It is not a , however. Because of extreme differences between the Japanese and American cultures, some Japanese management practices are simply poorly suited to American organizations. (950 words) New Words agreeable adj. 1) being in harmony 符合的，一致的 e.g. His reasoning is agreeable to the
principles of Sir Isaac Newton. 2) willing to do something or to allow something to be done 欣然同意的，乐意的 e.g. Bring your wife too, if she is agreeable (to coming). 3) pleasing to the mind or senses 令人愉快的 e.g. The hotel was good and the weather agreeable. alongside prep. 1) working in the same place and cooperating with them 和......在一起 e.g. I ) The idea is to get them working on simple things alongside other people. II) He had worked alongside Frank and Mark and they had become friends. 2) being next to something 在......旁边，沿着......的边 e.g. Much of the industry was located alongside rivers. adv. close by, along the side, in parallel position 在旁边，沿着边，并排地 e.g. He waited several minutes for a car to pull up along-side. coherent adj. 1) well planned so that it is clear and sensible and all its parts go well with each other 一致的，协调的 e.g. He has failed to work out a coherent strategy for
the service. 2) talking in a way that is clear and easy to understand （话语等）条理清楚的，连贯的 e.g. At last his sister was coherent enough to explain. consensus n. general agreement amongst a group of people about a subject or about how something should be done （意见等的）一致，一致同意 e.g. There is no consensus among experts about the causes of global warming. coordination * n. the act or action of
协作，协调 e.g. I) There should be greater coordination between doctors and biologists. II) Both countries agreed to
efforts at economic policy coordination. directive * n. an official order or instruction 指示，命令 e.g. The management has issued a new directive about the use of company cars. emphasis n. (pl. emphases) special importance, value, or
given to something 强调，重点 e.g. I) In Japan there is a lot of emphasis on politeness. II) We should put as much emphasis on preventing disease as we do on curing it.
v. express formal support or approval for someone or something 赞同，支持 e.g. The committee has
our proposals. ensuing * adj. happening after a particular action or event, especially as a result of it 继而发生的 e.g. When the computer cracked, the ensuing problem gave me a headache. existing adj. being in use or in operation 现存的，目前的 e.g. Changes will be made to the existing laws. facilitative * adj. making something easier 使便利的 facilitator * n. a person who helps another person to do something or to achieve a particular thing 帮助者 e.g. I see my role as that of a facilitator, enabling other people to work in the way that suits them best. functional * adj. of or having a special activity, purpose, or task 职能的，职务上的，起作用的 e.g. There are important functional differences between left and right brain. generalist n. one whose skills, interests, or habits are
and unspecialized （有多方面知识和经验的）通才，多面手 horizontal adj. 1) of or relating to a position or individual of similar status 相同地位的，同行业的 e.g. All vice-presidents in the company hold horizontal positions, thus have equal power. 2) in a flat position, along or parallel to level ground 水平的，与地平线平行的 e.g. I ) Every horizontal surface in the room was piled high with books. II) Coal is found in horizontal layers beneath the soil surface in most large coal deposits of the world. housing * n. the houses or conditions that people live in [总称]房屋，住房 e.g. The college offers students housing in the dorms. impetus n. a force that moves one to action, impulse 推动力，原动力 e.g. The present conflict might provide fresh impetus for peace talks. initiator * n. a person who is responsible for thinking of a plan or process or starting it 开始者，发起者 e.g. He was one of the initiators of the tumultuous （混乱的）changes in Eastern Europe. irreplaceable * adj. too special, valuable, or unusual to be replaced by anything else 不能为其他事物所替代的 e.g. We'll miss him when he leaves the company, but no one is irreplaceable. panacea n. a solution or remedy for all difficulties or diseases 治百病的万灵药，对付一切困难的万能措施 participative * adj. relating to, or being a style of management in which subordinates participate in decision making 由多人一起参加的 e.g. A participative management style has been developed in Japan to induce better cooperation. paternalism n. the system, principle, or practice of managing or governing individuals, business, nations, etc., in the manner of a father
with his children 家长式管理，家长式领导 paternalistic adj. managing or governing in the manner of a father dealing with his children 家长管理式的，家长作风的 recreational * adj. relating to things people do in their spare time to relax 消遣的，娱乐的 e.g. The city park provides many recreational activities. subordinate n. someone who has a lower position and less authority than someone else in an organization 下级，部属 e.g. Haig tended not to seek guidance from subordinates. adj. placed in or belonging to a of less importance 下级的；次要的 e.g. I) The new recruit was subordinate to all of the officers. II) It was an art in which words were subordinate to images. viable adj. capable of working, functioning or developing adequately 可行的，能发展的 e.g. It is important for farms to remain economically viable units. vulnerable adj. easily harmed or hurt emotionally, , or morally 易受伤害的，脆弱的 e.g. The company would be in a vulnerable position. wholly adv. completely 完全地，全部地 e.g. While the two are only days apart in age, they seem to belong to wholly different generations. Phrases and Expressions bring in introduce something 引进，提出 e.g. I ) The government intended to bring in a new law about wearing safety belts in cars. II) Congress brought in reforms to prevent abuse of presidential power. carry out do something that one has been ordered to do 执行 e.g. I ) He explained that he was simply carrying out instructions. II) An
into the cause of the crash will be carried out by the Department of Transport. fall into be divided into 分成 e.g. This topic falls naturally into three sections. go along with agree with, support 赞同，支持 e.g. They were quite happy to go along with our suggestion. persuade somebody of something cause somebody to believe or feel certain, convince 使相信，使信服 e.g. I ) The jury was persuaded of her . II) We worked hard to persuade him of your seriousness about this. PASSAGE III Doing Business in Asia Many Westerners wanting to do business in Asian nations seek information and advice about things they need to know in order to be successful. By Westerners who have already been working in Asian nations, they are told to remember as priorities the five "Fs": family, face, fate, favors and friends. Although they do have some subtle differences in meanings and connotations in different parts of Asia, nevertheless, Western businessmen need to be sensitive to these issues if they wish to be successful. The five "Fs" are explained in the following way. Family: This means that business is often closely connected to family and that there is a family network that branches out regionally and internationally, providing efficient political, financial and emotional support, as well as distribution knowledge.[1] This networking is particularly obvious among Chinese who control huge business segments in Asia and are by far the most successful business group in the region. Their large presence also helps[2] — Singapore is 77 percent C Malaysia, 45 Taiwan, a Chinese province, 99 percent. Indonesia and the Philippines also have sizable and prosperous Chinese communities. It is explained that the importance of family goes back to Confucius, who taught that family represents relationships that one can trust. Although families in the West may be connected, they're almost never as closely connected as in Confucian Asia. This family
is also true in Korea. The largest corporation in South Korea is Hyundai, a multibillion-dollar company. Headed by the
brother, the company's five major divisions are either managed by one of the five brothers, a brother-in-law or a son-in-law. Face: Two
are given for the meaning of "face". One is literal — Asians like to do business face-to-face. They want to put a face together with a business, to recognize an individual and to associate an individual with a given company. Many foreign companies have made the mistake of sending a series of different executives to Asia during
contract . They are ad that if negotiations are started by one individual they should be completed by that same person if at all possible.[3] However, if a change must be made, then the first person should take the new one and formally present him as his successor so that the two faces are identified.[4] The second interpretation of "face" is that in a way it means "respect". The businessman is told that he must show the "proper respect" according to the age and position of the person he is dealing with and also take into account the size of the person's company in comparison with his own. In Western countries, age is not necessarily given respect, but in Confucian Asia, age is given great respect. Thus businessmen are told to always pay attention to any elderly persons attending a business meeting. They are also warned that it is very difficult for Japanese to speak directly and say no. This too has everything to do with "face". They will do almost anything to avoid saying no, even to the point of not giving an answer at all. By giving no answer or saying something like "I'll think about it", or "I'll consider it", they are "saving face", and really mean "no". This is the opposite of the Western "yes or no" . Thus a Western businessman is warned never to put a Japanese businessman in the position of having to say "yes" or "no". Businessmen are also given advice about how to show "face" to someone of higher rank. Richard Tallboy, CEO of the World Coal Organization, who has had extensive experience in Asia, tells foreigners not to forget the "Chairman's 1/2 percent for the chairman's own pocket". He says that this means they should always start negotiating at a higher price with Asians. In the first round of negotiations foreigners should allow themselves to come down in price 10 percent. In the second round of negotiations they should at last come down another five percent. Then finally when everyone is ready to sign the contract, the Westerner should allow the chairman to negotiate another 1/2 percent off. This way the chairman can say he was able to achieve more than his staff was able to. Thus he gains great "face". Tallboy concludes that this way everyone is happy and the Westerner is assured that his product will be well taken care of. Fate: Westerners are told that many Asians strongly believe that fate influences life, that certain events are , and that people have lived many lives and will live many more after death. Because of this philosophy, Asians are more willing than most Westerners to accept things they cannot change. Many Westerners may call these beliefs . However, they are warned to keep these thoughts to themselves and are told to learn about local customs and beliefs in Asia and to respect them. Favors: Westerners are told that "Always repay a favor" is a common saying among Asians. A favor or debt should never be forgotten. If a Western businessman gets a favor from an Asian, he should expect to repay this favor, no matter how much time passes. Asians are thus serious about the saying, "If you'll scratch my back, I'll scratch yours."[5] In other words, Asian societies are reciprocal societies. The former deputy mayor of New York City, Kenneth Lipper, tells the following story. When he was in Japan for six months in the early 1960s, he suggested the name of a Japanese acquaintance for a possible scholarship. One day, 27 years later in New York City, he received a call from this man who was making his first trip to the United States with his family. Now a top executive in a major Japanese company, he and his family wanted to pay their respects to the man who had done him a favor so long ago. Friends: If Westerners have no relatives in Asia, they are told that the next best thing to have when doing business in Asia is to have gone to school with someone from there. Asians want to deal with people that they know well, or with people to whom they have been introduced by people they know well. One successful American business executive working in Asia tells people that he spent most of his time developing and maintaining GUANXI, which he explains as a Chinese word meaning ties, relationships, or connections. The Japanese equivalent is KONE. How can Western businessmen make the right connections in Asian countries? Hiring a
is one way, but the best way is to make friendships and to keep them. How can a Westerner do this? The answer for those people working in Korea, Thailand and Japan is "golf". Successful businessmen agree that it's the best way to get to know important people in society, the way to meet , top government officials, and corporate chiefs. A lifetime golf membership in Tokyo can cost an incredible one million dollars, but some Western businessmen or their corporations have been willing to pay this because of the connections it will bring. So, these are the five "Fs": family, face, fate, favors, and friends. These are the priorities for Westerners when they are doing business in Asia. (1210 words) Proper Names Confucian adj. 儒家的，孔子的 Confucius 孔子 Hyundai （韩国公司名）现代集团 Indonesia 印度尼西亚 Kenneth Lipper （男子名）肯尼思.利珀 Korea 朝鲜 Malaysia 马来西亚 Philippines 菲律宾 Richard Tallboy （男子名）理查德.塔尔伯 Singapore 新加坡 South Korea 韩国 Thailand 泰国 Tokyo 东京 New Words distribution n. 1) the , transporting, and selling of goods 货物的推销、运输、销售 e.g. The company has an extensive international distribution network. 2) the action or process of dividing and giving out in shares 分发，分配 e.g. His job is to organize the distribution of money to students. 3) the state or manner of spreading throughout a space or over an area 散布，分布 e.g. The distribution of these animals has changed in the last century. division n. 1) a large part of an organization, company, etc., consisting of several smaller parts 部门 e.g. The manufacturing division was sold to another company. 2) the act of dividing something into different parts or the way it is divided 分，分开 e.g. The fence marks the division between the neighbors' yards. literal adj. taking words in their usual or most basic sense 照字面的，原义的 e.g. In many cases, the people there are fighting, in a literal sense, for their homes. mentality * n. a particular kind of attitude or way of thinking, especially one that you think is wrong or stupid 心态，思想方法 e.g. She says I have a slave mentality. negotiate v. 1) discuss something in order to reach an agreement, especially in business or politics 协商，谈判 e.g. They called off the action to make it easier for the union leaders and employers to negotiate. 2) obtain or bring about by negotiating 议定，商定 e.g. I've managed to negotiate a five percent pay increase with my boss. networking * n. 1) the exchange of information or services among individuals, groups, or institutions 一种互相性的网络体系 e.g. If executives fail to exploit the opportunities of networking, they risk being left out. 2) the design, establishment or use of a computer network 计算机网络的设计、建立或利用 e.g. Modern networking provides access to all these systems from several hundred terminals. prosperous adj. successful and rich 繁荣的，兴旺的 e.g. I ) She was the second daughter of a prosperous merchant banker. II) We wish you a Merry Christmas and a prosperous New Year. reciprocal adj. given and received in return, exchanged between two people or groups 有来有往的，互相的，互惠的 e.g. Many states have passed laws that will allow nationwide reciprocal . repay v. 1) reward someone for
you 报答，回报 e.g. How can I ever repay his kindness? 2) pay back money that you have borrowed 归还，偿还 e.g. He had to sell his car to repay the loan from the bank. scholarship n. 1) an amount of money that is given to someone by an educational organization to help pay for their education 奖学金 e.g. I) I
for several scholarships to help pay for school. II) She won a scholarship to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology （麻省理工学院）. 2) serious academic study and the knowledge that is obtained from it 学问，学识，学术研究 e.g. I want to take advantage of your lifetime of scholarship. sizable or sizeable * adj. fairly large 相当大的 e.g. He made a sizable income from renting his land. successor n. a person or thing that succeeds another 接替的人或物，继任者 e.g. I ) John Major got the leadership because he was seen as the natural successor of Mrs . II) This range of computers is very fast, but their successors' will be even faster. superstitious adj. influenced by old-fashioned beliefs about luck and magic 迷信的 e.g. The superstitious girl walked on the sidewalk without stepping on cracks. Phrases and Expressions branch out add to the range of one's interests or activities 扩大（兴趣、活动）范围 e.g. The bookshop has
to branch out into selling records and tapes. by far by a large amount or degree 最...... e.g. I ) This was by far the largest city in the area. II) By far the most important issue for them is unemployment. come down fall to a lower level 下跌，下降 e.g. I ) The price of oil has come down dramatically. II) John came down in my opinion after his bad behavior. in other words used to express an idea or opinion in a way that is easier to understand 换句话说，也就是说 e.g. The company says it has to re in other words, some of us are going to lose our jobs. take into account to give proper consideration to a fact, situation, etc. 考虑，注意 e.g. His exam results were not very good, but we must take into account his long illness.
点击收听单词发音&&
n.老套，模式化的见解，有老一套固定想法的人( stereotype的名词复数 )v.把…模式化，使成陈规( stereotype的第三人称单数 )
参考例句：
Such jokes tend to reinforce racial stereotypes. 这样的笑话容易渲染种族偏见。
It makes me sick to read over such stereotypes devoid of content. 这种空洞无物的八股调，我看了就讨厌。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
一般化( generalization的名词复数 )； 普通化； 归纳； 概论
参考例句：
But Pearlson cautions that the findings are simply generalizations. 但是波尔森提醒人们，这些发现是简单的综合资料。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 大脑与疾病
They were of great service in correcting my jejune generalizations. 他们纠正了我不成熟的泛泛之论，帮了我大忙。
n.鸽舍出入口；v.把...归类
参考例句：
The pigeonhole principle is an important principle in combinatorics.鸽巢原理是组合学中一个非常重要的原理。
I don't want to be pigeonholed as a kids' presenter.我不想被归类为儿童节目主持人。
adj.混沌的，一片混乱的，一团糟的
参考例句：
Things have been getting chaotic in the office recently.最近办公室的情况越来越乱了。
The traffic in the city was chaotic.这城市的交通糟透了。
参考例句：
Though seriously ill, he still clings tenaciously to life. 他虽病得很重，但仍顽强地活下去。 来自辞典例句
It was apparently more tenaciously held to surface than fraction three. 它比级分三更顽强地保持在表面上。 来自辞典例句
v.举例说明，阐明；图解，加插图
参考例句：
The company's bank statements illustrate its success.这家公司的银行报表说明了它的成功。
This diagram will illustrate what I mean.这个图表可说明我的意思。
adj.详细的，详尽的，极注意细节的，完全的
参考例句：
He had made a detailed study of the terrain.他对地形作了缜密的研究。
A detailed list of our publications is available on request.我们的出版物有一份详细的目录备索。
vt.收回；使退出；vi.撤退，退出
参考例句：
Our force has been withdrawn from the danger area.我们的军队已从危险地区撤出。
All foreign troops should be withdrawn to their own countries.一切外国军队都应撤回本国去。
adj.岛屿的，心胸狭窄的
参考例句：
A continental climate is different from an insular one.大陆性气候不同于岛屿气候。
Having lived in one place all his life,his views are insular.他一辈子住在一个地方，所以思想狭隘。
n.明朗，清晰，透明
参考例句：
His writings were marked by an extraordinary lucidity and elegance of style.他的作品简洁明晰，文风典雅。
The pain had lessened in the night, but so had his lucidity.夜里他的痛苦是减轻了，但人也不那么清醒了。
adj.好客的；宽容的；有利的，适宜的
参考例句：
The man is very hospitable.He keeps open house for his friends and fellow-workers.那人十分好客，无论是他的朋友还是同事，他都盛情接待。
The locals are hospitable and welcoming.当地人热情好客。
adj.节俭的；兴旺的；健壮的
参考例句：
Except for smoking and drinking,he is a thrifty man.除了抽烟、喝酒，他是个生活节俭的人。
She was a thrifty woman and managed to put aside some money every month.她是个很会持家的妇女，每月都设法存些钱。
adj.勤勉的，勤奋的
参考例句：
He is the more diligent of the two boys.他是这两个男孩中较用功的一个。
She is diligent and keeps herself busy all the time.她真勤快，一会儿也不闲着。
adj.多国的，多种国籍的；n.多国籍公司，跨国公司
参考例句：
The firm was taken over by a multinational consulting firm.这家公司被一个跨国咨询公司收购。
He analyzed the relationship between multinational corporations and under-developed countries.他分析了跨国公司和不发达国家之间的关系。
n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦
参考例句：
We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后，他已经疲惫不堪了。
v.使降级，流放，移交，委任
参考例句：
We shall relegate this problem to the organizing committee.我们将把这个问题委托组织委员会处理。
She likes to relegate difficult questions to her colleagues.她总是把困难的问题推给她同事。
v.使降级( relegate的过去式和过去分词 )；使降职；转移；把…归类
参考例句：
She was then relegated to the role of assistant. 随后她被降级做助手了。
I think that should be relegated to the garbage can of history. 我认为应该把它扔进历史的垃圾箱。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
n.经济学家，经济专家，节俭的人
参考例句：
He cast a professional economist's eyes on the problem.他以经济学行家的眼光审视这个问题。
He's an economist who thinks he knows all the answers.他是个经济学家，自以为什么都懂。
adj.有条件被选中的；(尤指婚姻等)合适(意)的
参考例句：
He is an eligible young man.他是一个合格的年轻人。
Helen married an eligible bachelor.海伦嫁给了一个中意的单身汉。
adj.勤劳的，刻苦的，奋发的
参考例句：
If the tiller is industrious,the farmland is productive.人勤地不懒。
She was an industrious and willing worker.她是个勤劳肯干的员工。
n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的
参考例句：
He guarded himself against vice.他避免染上坏习惯。
They are sunk in the depth of vice.他们堕入了罪恶的深渊。
adj. 有插图的，列举的
动词illustrate的过去式和过去分词
参考例句：
His lecture was illustrated with slides taken during the expedition. 他在讲演中使用了探险时拍摄到的幻灯片。
The manufacturing Methods: Will be illustrated in the next chapter. 制作方法将在下一章说明。
v.争吵；打斗；磨损，磨破；n.吵架；打斗
参考例句：
Why should you get involved in their fray?你为什么要介入他们的争吵呢？
Tempers began to fray in the hot weather.大热天脾气烦燥。
adj.磨损的v.（使布、绳等）磨损，磨破( fray的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句：
His shirt was frayed. 他的衬衫穿破了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
The argument frayed their nerves. 争辩使他们不快。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
n.爱好；嗜好；喜欢
参考例句：
The word palate also means taste or liking.Palate这个词也有“口味”或“嗜好”的意思。
I must admit I have no liking for exaggeration.我必须承认我不喜欢夸大其词。
n.广告业；广告活动 a.广告的；广告业务的
参考例句：
Can you give me any advice on getting into advertising? 你能指点我如何涉足广告业吗?
The advertising campaign is aimed primarily at young people. 这个广告宣传运动主要是针对年轻人的。
adj.预期的，未来的，前瞻性的
参考例句：
The story should act as a warning to other prospective buyers.这篇报道应该对其他潜在的购买者起到警示作用。
They have all these great activities for prospective freshmen.这会举办各种各样的活动来招待未来的新人。
v.报答，酬答( reciprocate的过去式和过去分词 )；（机器的部件）直线往复运动
参考例句：
Her passion for him was not reciprocated. 她对他的热情没有得到回应。
Their attraction to each other as friends is reciprocated. 作为朋友，他们相互吸引着对方。 来自辞典例句
adj.有常识的；明白事理的；注重实际的
参考例句：
It is commonsense to carry an umbrella in this weather.这种天气带把伞是很自然的。
These results are no more than a vindication of commonsense analysis.这些结果只不过是按常理分析得出的事实。
n.解释，说明，描述；艺术处理
参考例句：
His statement admits of one interpretation only.他的话只有一种解释。
Analysis and interpretation is a very personal thing.分析与说明是个很主观的事情。
n.人员流动率，人事变动率；营业额，成交量
参考例句：
The store greatly reduced the prices to make a quick turnover.这家商店实行大减价以迅速周转资金。
Our turnover actually increased last year.去年我们的营业额竟然增加了。
n.紊乱，混乱；骚动，骚乱；疾病，失调
参考例句：
When returning back,he discovered the room to be in disorder.回家后，他发现屋子里乱七八糟。
It contained a vast number of letters in great disorder.里面七零八落地装着许多信件。
n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见
参考例句：
The chairman flatters himself on his judgment of people.主席自认为他审视人比别人高明。
He's a man of excellent judgment.他眼力过人。
n.防御，保卫；[pl.]防务工事；辩护，答辩
参考例句：
The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。
n.经济学家，经济专家( economist的名词复数 )
参考例句：
The sudden rise in share prices has confounded economists. 股价的突然上涨使经济学家大惑不解。
Foreign bankers and economists cautiously welcomed the minister's initiative. 外国银行家和经济学家对部长的倡议反应谨慎。 来自《简明英汉词典》
n.退休，退职
参考例句：
She wanted to enjoy her retirement without being beset by financial worries.她想享受退休生活而不必为金钱担忧。
I have to put everything away for my retirement.我必须把一切都积蓄起来以便退休后用。
adj.不情愿的
参考例句：
The natives were unwilling to be bent by colonial power.土著居民不愿受殖民势力的摆布。
His tightfisted employer was unwilling to give him a raise.他那吝啬的雇主不肯给他加薪。
adj.坚定的；有决心的
参考例句：
I have determined on going to Tibet after graduation.我已决定毕业后去西藏。
He determined to view the rooms behind the office.他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。
n.坚持，持续，存留
参考例句：
The persistence of a cough in his daughter puzzled him.他女儿持续的咳嗽把他难住了。
He achieved success through dogged persistence.他靠着坚持不懈取得了成功。
n./v.窖藏，贮存，囤积
参考例句：
They have a hoard of food in the basement.地下室里有他们贮藏的食物。
How many curios do you hoard in your study?你在你书房里聚藏了多少古玩？
v.引出,抽出,引起
参考例句：
It was designed to elicit the best thinking within the government. 机构的设置是为了在政府内部集思广益。
Don't try to elicit business secrets from me. I won't tell you anything. 你休想从我这里套问出我们的商业机密, 我什么都不会告诉你的。
n.推动，促进，刺激；推动力
参考例句：
This is the primary impetus behind the economic recovery.这是促使经济复苏的主要动力。
Her speech gave an impetus to my ideas.她的讲话激发了我的思绪。
v.用公式表示；规划；设计；系统地阐述
参考例句：
He took care to formulate his reply very clearly.他字斟句酌，清楚地做了回答。
I was impressed by the way he could formulate his ideas.他陈述观点的方式让我印象深刻。
n.协调，协作
参考例句：
Gymnastics is a sport that requires a considerable level of coordination.体操是一项需要高协调性的运动。
The perfect coordination of the dancers and singers added a rhythmic charm to the performance.舞蹈演员和歌手们配合得很好，使演出更具魅力。
adj.为实用而设计的，具备功能的，起作用的
参考例句：
The telephone was out of order,but is functional now.电话刚才坏了，但现在可以用了。
The furniture is not fancy,just functional.这些家具不是摆着好看的，只是为了实用。
n.一体化，联合，结合
参考例句：
We are working to bring about closer political integration in the EU.我们正在努力实现欧盟內部更加紧密的政治一体化。
This was the greatest event in the annals of European integration.这是欧洲统一史上最重大的事件。
n.(意见等的)一致，一致同意，共识
参考例句：
Can we reach a consensus on this issue?我们能在这个问题上取得一致意见吗？
What is the consensus of opinion at the afternoon meeting?下午会议上一致的意见是什么？
prep.以…为对手，对；与…相比之下
参考例句：
The big match tonight is England versus Spain.今晚的大赛是英格兰对西班牙。
The most exciting game was Harvard versus Yale.最富紧张刺激的球赛是哈佛队对耶鲁队。
n.奉献，献身，致力，题献，献辞
参考例句：
We admire her courage,compassion and dedication.我们钦佩她的勇气、爱心和奉献精神。
Her dedication to her work was admirable.她对工作的奉献精神可钦可佩。
v.赞同( endorse的现在分词 )；在（尤指支票的）背面签字；在（文件的）背面写评论；在广告上说本人使用并赞同某产品
参考例句：
Yet Communist leaders are also publicly endorsing religion in an unprecedented way. 不过，共产党领导层对宗教信仰的公开认可也是以前不曾有过的。 来自互联网
Connecticut Independent Senator Joseph Lieberman is endorsing Republican Senator John McCain. 康涅狄格州独立派参议员约瑟夫。列波曼将会票选共和议员约翰。麦凯恩。 来自互联网
n.安康，安乐，幸福
参考例句：
He always has the well-being of the masses at heart.他总是把群众的疾苦挂在心上。
My concern for their well-being was misunderstood as interference.我关心他们的幸福，却被误解为多管闲事。
adj.可行的，切实可行的，能活下去的
参考例句：
The scheme is economically viable.这个计划从经济效益来看是可行的。
The economy of the country is not viable.这个国家经济是难以维持的。
n.专门知识(或技能等)，专长
参考例句：
We were amazed at his expertise on the ski slopes.他斜坡滑雪的技能使我们赞叹不已。
You really have the technical expertise in a new breakthrough.让你真正在专业技术上有一个全新的突破。
adv.足够地，充分地
参考例句：
It turned out he had not insured the house sufficiently.原来他没有给房屋投足保险。
The new policy was sufficiently elastic to accommodate both views.新政策充分灵活地适用两种观点。
n.监督人，管理人，检查员，督学，主管，导师
参考例句：
Between you and me I think that new supervisor is a twit.我们私下说，我认为新来的主管人是一个傻瓜。
He said I was too flighty to be a good supervisor.他说我太轻浮不能成为一名好的管理员。
adj.共同的，全体的；公司的，企业的
参考例句：
This is our corporate responsibility.这是我们共同的责任。
His corporate's life will be as short as a rabbit's tail.他的公司的寿命是兔子尾巴长不了。
n.参与，参加，分享
参考例句：
Some of the magic tricks called for audience participation.有些魔术要求有观众的参与。
The scheme aims to encourage increased participation in sporting activities.这个方案旨在鼓励大众更多地参与体育活动。
n.万灵药；治百病的灵药
参考例句：
Western aid may help but will not be a panacea. 西方援助可能会有所帮助，但并非灵丹妙药。
There's no single panacea for the country's economic ills. 国家经济弊病百出,并无万灵药可以医治。
adj.哲学家的，哲学上的，达观的
参考例句：
The teacher couldn't answer the philosophical problem.老师不能解答这个哲学问题。
She is very philosophical about her bad luck.她对自己的不幸看得很开。
使现代化，使适应现代需要( modernize的现在分词 )； 现代化，使用现代方法
参考例句：
Modernizing a business to increase its profitability and competitiveness is a complicated affair. 使企业现代化，从而达到增加利润，增强竞争力的目的，是一件复杂的事情。
The young engineer had a large share in modernizing the factory. 这位年轻工程师在工厂现代化的过程中尽了很大的“力”。
v.使协调，使调和( coordinate的现在分词 )；协调；协同；成为同等
参考例句：
He abolished the Operations Coordinating Board and the Planning Board. 他废除了行动协调委员会和计划委员会。 来自辞典例句
He's coordinating the wedding, and then we're not going to invite him? 他是来协调婚礼的，难道我们不去请他？ 来自电影对白
vt.加强；变强；加剧
参考例句：
We must intensify our educational work among our own troops.我们必须加强自己部队的教育工作。
They were ordered to intensify their patrols to protect our air space.他们奉命加强巡逻，保卫我国的领空。
n.突出；显著；杰出；重要
参考例句：
He came to prominence during the World Cup in Italy.他在意大利的世界杯赛中声名鹊起。
This young fashion designer is rising to prominence.这位年轻的时装设计师的声望越来越高。
vt.(支票、汇票等)背书，背署；批注；同意
参考例句：
No one is foolish enough to endorse it.没有哪个人会傻得赞成它。
I fully endorse your opinions on this subject.我完全拥护你对此课题的主张。
vt.& vi.endorse的过去式或过去分词形式v.赞同( endorse的过去式和过去分词 )；在（尤指支票的）背面签字；在（文件的）背面写评论；在广告上说本人使用并赞同某产品
参考例句：
The committee endorsed an initiative by the chairman to enter discussion about a possible merger. 委员会通过了主席提出的新方案，开始就可能进行的并购进行讨论。 来自《简明英汉词典》
The government has broadly endorsed a research paper proposing new educational targets for 14-year-olds. 政府基本上支持建议对14 岁少年实行新教育目标的研究报告。 来自《简明英汉词典》
adj.多样的，多变化的
参考例句：
The forms of art are many and varied.艺术的形式是多种多样的。
The hotel has a varied programme of nightly entertainment.宾馆有各种晚间娱乐活动。
n.经商方法，待人态度
参考例句：
This store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.该商店因买卖公道而享有极高的声誉。
His fair dealing earned our confidence.他的诚实的行为获得我们的信任。
adv.仁慈地，行善地
参考例句：
She looked on benevolently. 她亲切地站在一边看着。 来自《简明英汉词典》
adv.干扰地，侵入地
参考例句：
Sarcasm: The last refuge of modest people when the privacy of their soul is intrusively invaded. ByFjodorDostojewski（费奥多尔·陀思妥耶夫斯基，俄罗斯著名作家）。 来自互联网
adj.物质上，体格上，身体上，按自然规律
参考例句：
He was out of sorts physically,as well as disordered mentally.他浑身不舒服，心绪也很乱。
Every time I think about it I feel physically sick.一想起那件事我就感到极恶心。
n.调查，调查研究
参考例句：
In an investigation,a new fact became known, which told against him.在调查中新发现了一件对他不利的事实。
He drew the conclusion by building on his own investigation.他根据自己的调查研究作出结论。
n.无罪；天真；无害
参考例句：
There was a touching air of innocence about the boy.这个男孩有一种令人感动的天真神情。
The accused man proved his innocence of the crime.被告人经证实无罪。
n.依靠，依赖；信任，信赖；隶属
参考例句：
Doctors keep trying to break her dependence of the drug.医生们尽力使她戒除毒瘾。
He was freed from financial dependence on his parents.他在经济上摆脱了对父母的依赖。
adj.最年长的，最年老的
参考例句：
The King's eldest son is the heir to the throne.国王的长子是王位的继承人。
The castle and the land are entailed on the eldest son.城堡和土地限定由长子继承。
n.解释( interpretation的名词复数 )；表演；演绎；理解
参考例句：
This passage is open to a variety of interpretations. 这篇文章可以有各种不同的解释。 来自《简明英汉词典》
The involved and abstruse passage makes several interpretations possible. 这段艰涩的文字可以作出好几种解释。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
adj.漫长的，冗长的
参考例句：
We devoted a lengthy and full discussion to this topic.我们对这个题目进行了长时间的充分讨论。
The professor wrote a lengthy book on Napoleon.教授写了一部有关拿破仑的巨著。
协商( negotiation的名词复数 )； 谈判； 完成（难事）； 通过
参考例句：
negotiations for a durable peace 为持久和平而进行的谈判
Negotiations have failed to establish any middle ground. 谈判未能达成任何妥协。
n.心理，思想，脑力
参考例句：
He has many years'experience of the criminal mentality.他研究犯罪心理有多年经验。
Running a business requires a very different mentality from being a salaried employee.经营企业所要求具备的心态和上班族的心态截然不同。
adj.命中注定的；(for)以…为目的地的
参考例句：
It was destined that they would marry.他们结婚是缘分。
The shipment is destined for America.这批货物将运往美国。
adj.迷信的
参考例句：
They aim to deliver the people who are in bondage to superstitious belief.他们的目的在于解脱那些受迷信束缚的人。
These superstitious practices should be abolished as soon as possible.这些迷信做法应尽早取消。
n.顾问；会诊医师，专科医生
参考例句：
He is a consultant on law affairs to the mayor.他是市长的一个法律顾问。
Originally,Gar had agreed to come up as a consultant.原来，加尔只答应来充当我们的顾问。
n.皇家，皇族
参考例句：
She claims to be descended from royalty.她声称她是皇室后裔。
I waited on tables，and even catered to royalty at the Royal Albert Hall.我做过服务生， 甚至在皇家阿伯特大厅侍奉过皇室的人。
n.行销，在市场的买卖，买东西
参考例句：
They are developing marketing network.他们正在发展销售网络。
He often goes marketing.他经常去市场做生意。
n.银行业，银行学，金融业
参考例句：
John is launching his son on a career in banking.约翰打算让儿子在银行界谋一个新职位。
He possesses an extensive knowledge of banking.他具有广博的银行业务知识。
n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的
参考例句：
The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。
adj.应用的；v.应用，适用
参考例句：
She plans to take a course in applied linguistics.她打算学习应用语言学课程。
This cream is best applied to the face at night.这种乳霜最好晚上擦脸用。
参考例句：
Tom Sawyer was in the skiff that bore Judge Thatcher. 汤姆 - 索亚和撒切尔法官同乘一条小艇。 来自英汉文学 - 汤姆历险
Mrs. Thatch and Aunt Polly, also. 撒切尔夫人几乎神经失常，还有波莉姨妈也是。 来自英汉文学 - 汤姆历险
adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的
参考例句：
This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。
本文本内容来源于互联网抓取和网友提交，仅供参考，部分栏目没有内容，如果您有更合适的内容，欢迎分享给大家。
------分隔线----------------------------}