用四探针法和振动样品磁强计分别测试了非连续多层膜的巨磁电阻效应和磁性能；
The GMR and magnetic property of the discontinuous multilayer films were measured with four-point probe device and Vibration Sample Magnetometer (VSM) respectively.
用振动样品磁强计对上述四类产物的磁学性能做了初步研究，结果表明四类产物均为硬磁材料。
The magnetic properties of the four kinds of products were investigated by vibrating sample magnetometer and the results indicated that all products were hard magnetic materials.
分别用电桥法、感应法和振动样品磁强计对锰锌铁氧体的居里温度和饱和磁化强度进行了测试。
The Curie temperature and saturation magnetization of manganese-zinc ferrite were measured by using the electric bridge method, induced method and vibrating sample magnetometer (VCM).
利用X射线衍射仪和振动样品磁强计对样品的结构、晶粒尺寸和磁性进行了测量和分析。
The structure, crystallite size and magnetic properties of powders were investigated by X-ray diffraction and vibrating sample magnetometer.
用振动样品磁强计进行磁性测量。
The magnetic properties were determined by vibrating sample magnetometer.
利用X射线衍射和振动样品磁强计对样品的结构和磁性进行研究。
The structure and magnetic properties of the film were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction and vibrating sample magnetometer .
用X射线衍射仪、振动样品磁强计和扫描探针显微镜系统分析了上述样品的微结构和磁特性。
The microstructure and magnetic properties were measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning probe microscope (SPM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM).
用X射线衍射（XRD）和振动样品磁强计（VSM）测量了薄带的相结构和磁性能。
The structure and magnetic properties of melt-spun ribbons with different Nd, Dy and Nb contents were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM).
本文还对测试系统的误差进行了详细的分析，其中着重讨论了振动样品磁强计的测试误差。
In the thesis, the test deviation of the system was analyzed in details especially for the vibrating sample magnetometer.
采用振动样品磁强计（VSM）对纤维的磁性能进行了测试。
The magnetic properties of the fibres were examined by vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM).
采用振动样品磁强计测试了镀层的磁性能。
The magnetic properties of the coating were measured by vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM).
实验采用了N2吸附、粉末X-射线衍射、扫描电镜和振动样品磁强计等表征手段对材料的结构特性作了系统的研究。
N2 adsorption, Powder X-ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM) and vibrating-sample magnetometer have been widely used to characterize those materials.
样品的磁性能和微观特性分别用振动样品磁强计（VSM）、磁力显微镜（MFM）和透射电镜（TEM）进行了表征。
The magnetic properties, magnetic domain patterns and microstructure of thin films were measured or investigated by VSM, MFM and TEM, respectively.
利用振动样品磁强计测得磁芯材料的磁滞回线表明电镀的磁芯性能优于蒸镀的。
From two hysteresis loops it can be seen that magnetic core characteristic is good by plating than evaporation.
用振动样品磁强计测量它们的磁化曲线，从而计算出磁熵变，估计出磁热效应。
The magnetization curves of these alloys were measured with vibration sample magnetometer, from which magnetic entropy changes were calculated and magnetocaloric effect were evaluated.
通过X射线衍射仪（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）和振动样品磁强计（VSM）等对样品的结构、形貌和磁性能进行了表征。
The structure, morphology and magnetic properties of resultant particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and vibrating sample magnetometry(VSM).
通过X射线衍射仪（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）和振动样品磁强计（VSM）等对样品的结构、形貌和磁性能进行了表征。
The structure, morphology and magnetic properties of resultant particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and vibrating sample magnetometry(VSM).
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振动样品磁强计使用与磁性材料磁特性测量
实验七振动样品磁强计使用与磁性材料磁特性测量
由图1和图2可以看出MnZn铁氧体为软磁材料。因为软磁材料的特点是易磁化，易退磁；低矫顽力，高磁导率，低损耗等特性。观察图1，可以看出当外磁场从零开始增加，MnZn铁氧体的磁矩也开始增加，这就表明MnZn铁氧体是顺磁性物质。在磁场作用下，物质中相邻原子或离子的热无序磁矩在一定程度上与磁场强度方向一致。当外磁场逐渐增加到1.5T左右时，MnZn铁氧体的磁矩增加变得缓慢，开始与外磁场呈线性关系。此时表明MnZn铁氧体已达到饱和磁化，饱和磁矩为2.8emu左右。但之所以样品的磁矩仍随外磁场的增加而增加，并呈线性关系，是因为 B??0(H?M)，磁矩达到饱和时，样品内的磁场将随着外磁场线性增加。观察图2，可以看出MnZn铁氧体的矫顽力很小，由图读出Hc= 40 Oe, Br=2.95 emu.可以判断MnZn铁氧体为软磁材料，没有磁滞现象。
由图3和图4可以看出NdFeB铁氧体为硬磁（永磁）材料。因为永磁材料具有宽磁滞回线、高矫顽力、高剩磁等特性。观察图3可以看出随着外磁场的增加，NdFeB铁氧体的磁矩也在逐步增加。观察图4可以看出NdFeB铁氧体具有宽磁滞回线、高矫顽力。由图可以读出Hc=6.7T , Br=4.8 emu 。由此可以判断NdFeB铁氧体为永磁材料。
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负面积磁滞回线
金汉民12，孙东生2，高存绪3，闫羽1
吉林大学物理学院，中国长春市朝阳区解放大路2519号，130021
2 忠南国立大学高性能磁性材料研究中心，韩国大田市儒城区弓洞220号，305-764
3 忠南国立大学材料科学和工程系，韩国大田市儒城区弓洞220号，305-764
要：总面积为负的磁滞回线违反热力学第二定律。这些回线是用振动样品磁强计，或超导量子磁强计，或用Kerr磁光效应观测到的。本文指出，沿难磁化轴附近的方向测量磁滞回线，垂直于磁场方向的磁化分量远大于磁化强度的情况发生时，如下的不当处理导致负面积磁滞回线：在振动样品磁强计或超导量子磁强计实验中把样品放置到某些不当位置；把测试信号全部归结为磁化强度，不考虑垂直于磁场方向的磁化分量的作用。
关键词：磁滞回线，振动样品磁强计，超导量子磁强计
一些作者报道，在某些磁性薄膜观测到总面积为负的磁滞回线[1-5]。这些回线都是沿难磁化方向，用振动样品磁强计(VSM)[1，5]，超导量子磁强计(SQUID)[2-4]，Kerr磁光效应(MOKE)[5]测得的。磁滞回线代表样品消耗的能量，负面积磁滞回线违反热力学第二定律。 本文将指出，沿难磁化轴附近的方向测量磁滞回线，垂直于磁场的磁化分量远大于磁化强度M的情况发生时，如下的不当处理导致负面积磁滞回线：在VSM或SQUID实验中，样品放置到某些不当位置；把测试信号全部归结为磁化强度，不考虑垂直于磁场方向的磁化分量的作用。
下面对上述三种实验分别论述。
图1给出典型VSM在磁场空间的配置和坐标。坐标原点o在探测线圈组中心，x轴与磁场H平行，z轴是样品振动的方向，与8字形线圈的长轴平行。假设难磁化轴和垂直于磁场方向的磁化分量Mz与xoz面平行，样品对xoz面反射对称，对样品中心(X, Z)≡(X, Y=0, Z)
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