9:37:15东奥会计在线字体：
　　二、多项选择题
　　(本题型共14小题，每小题1.5分，共21分。每小题均有多个正确答案，请从每小题的备选答案中选出你认为正确的所有答案，用鼠标点击相应的选项。每小题所有答案选择正确的得分，不答、错答、漏答均不得分。)
　　1.下列各项中，能导致一定法律关系产生、变更或者消灭的有( )。
　　A.人的出生
　　B.时间的经过
　　C.侵权行为
　　D.自然灾害
　　【答案】ABCD
　　【东奥会计在线独家解析】法律事实(法律关系的变动原因)可以分为两类：事件(选项ABD)和行为(选项C)。
　　【说明】本题与2014年真题(一)多选题第1题完全相同。
　　2.根据物权法律制度的规定，当事人可申请预告登记的情形有( )。
　　A.预购商品房
　　B.房屋所有权转让
　　C.房屋抵押
　　D.租赁商业用房
　　【答案】ABC
　　【东奥会计在线独家解析】具有下列情形之一的，当事人可以申请预告登记：(1)预购商品房;(2)以预购商品房设定抵押;(3)房屋所有权转让、抵押;(4)法律、法规规定的其他情形。
　　【说明】本题与2014年真题(一)多选题第2题完全相同。
　　3.根据合同法律制度的规定，合同中的下列免责条款中，无效的有( )。
　　A.排除因故意造成对方人身伤害的责任
　　B.排除因故意造成对方财产损失的责任
　　C.排除因重大过失造成对方财产损失的责任
　　D.排除因重大过失造成对方人身伤害的责任
　　【答案】ABCD
　　【东奥会计在线独家解析】合同中的下列免责条款无效：(1)造成对方人身伤害的(选项AD);(2)因故意或者重大过失造成对方财产损失的(选项BC)。
　　4.根据合伙企业法律制度的规定，下列各项中，属于合伙企业财产的有( )。
　　A.合伙人缴纳的实物出资
　　B.合伙企业对某公司的债权
　　C.合伙企业合法接受的赠与财产
　　D.合伙企业借用的某合伙人的电脑
　　【答案】ABC
　　【东奥会计在线独家解析】合伙企业财产包括：(1)合伙人的出资;(2)以合伙企业名义取得的收益(包括但不限于合伙企业债权);(3)依法取得的其它财产(如合法接受的赠与财产)。
　　【说明】本题与2014年真题(一)多选题第4题完全相同。
　　5.某产业投资基金的组织形式为有限合伙企业，其有限合伙人的下列行为中，符合合伙企业法律制度规定的有( )。
　　A.担任该基金总经理
　　B.参与选择承办该基金审计业务的会计师事务所
　　C.依法为该基金提供担保
　　D.对该基金的经营管理提出建议
　　【答案】BCD
　　【东奥会计在线独家解析】(1)选项A：有限合伙人不得执行合伙事务(担任该基金总经理);(2)选项BCD：不视为执行企业事务。
　　6.根据公司法律制度的规定，股份有限公司采取募集方式设立的，认股人缴纳出资后，有权要求返还出资的情形有( )。
　　A.公司未按期募足股份
　　B.创立大会决议不设立公司
　　C.公司发起人抽逃出资、情节严重
　　D.发起人未按期召开创立大会
　　【答案】ABD
　　【东奥会计在线独家解析】发起人、认股人缴纳股款或者交付抵作股款的出资后，除未按期募足股份、发起人未按期召开创立大会或者创立大会决议不设立公司的情形外，不得抽回其股本。
　　【说明】本题与2014年真题(一)多选题第6题完全相同。
　　7.根据证券法律制度的规定，下列情形中，须经中国证监会核准的有( )。
　　A.甲上市公司向某战略投资者定向增发股票
　　B.有30名股东的丙非上市股份有限公司拟将其股票公开转让
　　C.有199名股东的丁非上市股份有限公司拟通过增资引入3名风险投资人
　　D.乙上市公司向所有现有股东配股
　　【答案】ACD
　　【东奥会计在线独家解析】(1)选项AD：上市公司无论是公开发行新股(包括配股和增发)还是非公开发行新股，均须经中国证监会的核准;(2)选项B：对于股东人数未超过200人的公司申请其股票公开转让，中国证监会豁免核准，由全国中小企业股份转让系统进行审查;(3)选项C：无论是普通公司通过向特定对象发行股票累计超过200人而成为非上市公众公司，还是已经成为非上市公众公司的发行人向特定对象发行股票，都必须经过中国证监会的核准。
　　【说明】本题与2014年真题(一)多选题第7题完全相同。
　　8.甲会计师事务所被人民法院指定为乙企业破产案件中的管理人，甲向债权人会议报告的有关报酬方案的下列内容中，符合企业破产法律制度规定的有( )。
　　A.将乙为他人设定抵押权的财产价值计入计酬基数
　　B.对受当地政府有关部门指派参与破产企业清算工作的政府官员不发放报酬
　　C.甲聘用外部专家协助履行管理人职责所需费用从其报酬中支付
　　D.甲就自己为将乙的抵押财产变现而付出的合理劳动收取适当报酬
　　【答案】BCD
　　【东奥会计在线独家解析】(1)选项A：担保权人优先受偿的担保物价值原则上不计入管理人报酬的标的额;(2)选项B：清算组中有关政府部门派出的工作人员参与工作的，不收取报酬;(3)选项C：破产清算事务所通过聘用其他社会中介机构或者人员协助履行管理人职责的，所需费用从其报酬中支付;(4)选项D：管理人对担保物的维护、变现、交付等管理工作付出合理劳动的，有权向担保权人收取适当的报酬。
　　【说明】本题与2014年真题(一)多选题第8题完全相同。
　　9.根据票据法律制度的规定，下列关于票据质押背书的表述中，正确的有( )。
　　A.被背书人可以行使付款请求权
　　B.被背书人可以再进行转让背书
　　C.被背书人可以再进行委托收款背书
　　D.被背书人可以行使追索权
　　【答案】ACD
　　【东奥会计在线独家解析】(1)选项AD：经质押背书，被背书人即取得票据质权，票据质权人有权以相当于票据权利人的地位行使票据权利，包括行使付款请求权、追索权;(2)选项BC：票据质权人进行转让背书或者质押背书的，背书行为无效。但是，被背书人可以再进行委托收款背书。
　　10.根据企业国有资产法律制度的规定，中央企业所属境外企业发生某些有重大影响的突发事件时，应当立即报告中央企业，下列各项中，属于此类事件的有( )。
　　A.境外企业的开户银行破产
　　B.境外企业发生重大资产损失
　　C.境外企业受到所在地监管部门处罚，产生重大不良影响
　　D.境外企业所在地发生重大群体性事件
　　【答案】ABCD
　　【东奥会计在线独家解析】境外企业发生以下重大影响的突发事件，应当立即报告中央企业;影响特别重大的，应当通过中央企业在24小时内向国资委报告：(1)银行账户或者境外款项被冻结;(2)开户银行或者存款所在的金融机构破产(选项A);(3)重大资产损失(选项B);(4)发生战争、重大自然灾害，重大群体性事件，以及危及人身或者财产安全的重大突发事件(选项D);(5)受到所在国(地区)监管部门处罚产生重大不良影响(选项C);(6)其他有重大影响的事件。
　　11.下列垄断协议中，须由经营者证明不会严重限制相关市场的竞争且能使消费者分享由此产生的利益，才能获得《反垄断法》豁免的有( )。
　　A.为改进技术、研究开发新产品达成的垄断协议
　　B.为实现节约能源、保护环境、救灾救助等社会公共利益达成的垄断协议
　　C.为保障对外贸易和对外经济合作中的正当利益达成的垄断协议
　　D.为提高中小经营者经营效率、增强中小经营者竞争力达成的垄断协议
　　【答案】ABD
　　【东奥会计在线独家解析】可被《反垄断法》豁免的垄断协议类型：(1)为改进技术、研究开发新产品的(技术性卡特尔);(2)为提高产品质量、降低成本、增进效率，统一产品规格、标准或者实行专业化分工的(标准化卡特尔、专业化卡特尔);(3)为提高中小经营者经营效率，增强中小经营者竞争力的(中小企业合作卡特尔);(4)为实现节约能源、保护环境、救灾救助等社会公共利益的;(5)因经济不景气，为缓解销售量严重下降或者生产明显过剩的(不景气卡特尔);(6)为保障对外贸易和对外经济合作中的正当利益的(出口卡特尔);(7)法律和国务院规定的其他情形。上述的(1)至(5)需要证明;(6)、(7)不需要证明。
　　12.某行业协会组织本行业7家主要企业的领导人召开“行业峰会”，并就共同提高本行业产品价格及提价幅度形成决议，与会企业领导人均于决议上签字，会后，决议以行业协会名义下发全行业企业，与会7家企业的市场份额合计达85%，根据反垄断法律制度的规定，下列表述中，正确的有( )。
　　A.行业协会实施了组织本行业经营者达成垄断协议的行为
　　B.7家企业实施了滥用市场支配地位行为
　　C.7家企业实施了达成垄断协议的行为
　　D.行业协会实施了行政性限制竞争行为
　　【答案】AC
　　【东奥会计在线独家解析】(1)选项AD：该行业协会“召集、组织或者推动本行业的经营者达成含有排除、限制竞争内容的协议、决议、纪要、备忘录等”，属于“组织本行业经营者从事垄断协议的行为”;该行业协会不属于“行政机关和法律、法规授权的具有管理公共事务职能的组织”，谈不上“行政垄断”的问题;(2)选项BC：根据本题所述内容，7家企业实施了“达成垄断协议”的行为，尽管7家企业的市场份额合计达85%，但不涉及“滥用市场支配地位”的行为。
　　【说明】本题与2014年真题(一)多选题第12题完全相同。
　　13.在中国领域内履行的下列合同中，专属适用中国法律、不得由当事人意思自治选择合同准据法的有( )。
　　A.中外合资经营企业合同
　　B.外商投资企业股权转让合同
　　C.外商投资企业原材料采购合同
　　D.中外合作经营企业合同
　　【答案】ABD
　　【东奥会计在线独家解析】选项C：“外国自然人、法人或者其他组织”购买中国领域内的非外商投资企业资产的合同，专属适用中国法律。考生应注意的是，“外商投资企业”属于中国法人，不属于“外国自然人、法人或者其他组织”。
　　【说明】本题与2014年真题(一)多选题第13题完全相同。
　　14.下列关于资本项目外汇收支管理的表述中，符合外汇管理法律制度规定的有( )。
　　A.外商直接投资的汇入和汇出均须在外汇局办理登记
　　B.境内机构境外直接投资所获利润可以留存境外继续用于直接投资，也可汇回境内
　　C.合格境外机构投资者(QFII)的资格和投资额度由外汇局负责审定
　　D.境内机构向境外直接投资，须由外汇局对外汇资金的来源进行审核
　　【答案】AB
　　【东奥会计在线独家解析】(1)选项C：中国证监会负责QFII资格的审定、投资工具的确定、持股比例限制等;国家外汇管理局负责QFII投资额度的审定、资金汇出入和汇兑管理等;(2)选项D：对于境内机构境外直接投资，已经取消了原来对外汇资金的来源审核，改为实行登记备案制度。
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一、单项选择题（每题只有一个正确答案，把正确答案代号填入题后括号）
1．读图，福州土地利用类型中比重最大的是（&&&& ）
A．耕地&&& B．林地&&& C．草地&&& D．水域
读我国土地资源分布图，完成2～3题。
2．下列图例表示正确的是（&&&& ）
A．A图例代表以旱地为主的耕地&&& B．B图例代表以水田为主的耕地
C．C图例代表沙漠及难利用的土地& D．D图例代表利于发展畜牧业的草地
3．C图例表示的土地利用类型，主要分布在下列哪种地形区？（&&&& ）
A．山地& &B．盆地& &C．高原& &D．平原
读“部分国家人均耕地比较图”和“我国土地利用构成图”，完成4～5题。
4．关于我国土地资源特点的叙述，正确的是（&&&& ）
A．山地多，平地少，耕地、林地比重小
B．土地资源总量不足，种类少
C．土地资源总量少、但人均数量多
D．各类土地资源空间分布较均匀
5．我国土地资源对农业发展的有利方面表现在（&&&& ）
A．土地资源类型多样&&&&&& B．人均耕地少
C．各类土地资源分布不均&& D．山地多，平地少
6．读漫画“美好的回忆”， 说明新疆目前存在主要问题是（&&&& ）
A．水土流失&&&B．土地荒漠化&&& C．过度放牧&&&D．过度开垦
读“中国水土流失严重地区分布”图，完成7～8题。
7．我国水土流失严重的地区主要分布在（&&&& ）
A．400mm年降水量线以西以北地区
B．东部沿海地区
C．塔里木盆地
D．山西、陕西、甘肃、重庆、贵州、云南等地区
8．下列能够有效防治水土流失的措施是（&&&& ）
①植树种草& ②陡坡修筑梯田& ③退耕还林& ④修建挡土坝
A．①②③&& B．①②④&& C．①③④&& D．②③④
目前，全球荒漠化土地面积有3600万平方千米，占全球陆地面积的1/4。读“中国荒漠化土地现状图”，完成9～10题。
9．我国荒漠化土地面积最大的省级行政区是（&&&& ）&&&&&
A．新疆&& B．内蒙古& C．西藏& D．宁夏
10．全球荒漠化扩大的人为原因主要是（&&&& ）&&&&
A．全球降水量减少&& &&&&&& B．环境污染不断加剧
C．过度垦殖、过度放牧&&&&&& D．农民进城、土地抛荒
11．当前我国土地利用中最突出的问题有：①占用基本农田发展林果业 ②滥伐森林，植被减少 ③过度放牧，土地荒漠化严重 ④人口增长过快，造成房源短缺，不得不占用耕地开拓房源 ⑤占用农田挖塘养鱼
A．①②③&&& B．②③④&&& C．③④⑤&&& D．①②⑤
12．针对我国土地资源构成特点，分析我国各类土地资源的利用方式，你认为合理的是（&&&& ）&&
A．占耕地建别墅&&& B．毁林开荒&& C．弃牧毁草开荒&&& D．适当开垦荒地
13．下列对土地资源的开发利用，正确的是 （&&&& ）
A．为发展粮食生产，随意开垦陡坡
B．为提高草场利用率，随意增加载畜量
C．为发展粮食生产，随意围湖造田
D．为保护土地资源，严把非农业用地关
下图为“我国主要土地利用类型分布图”，读图完成14～15题。
14．甲处的土地利用类型是（&&&& ）
A．水田&& B．旱地&& C．林地&& D．草地
15．乙处因地制宜发展农业，主要的农业生产部门应是（&&&& ）
A．种植业&& B．畜牧业&& C．林业&& D．渔业
读漫画“鲸吞农田”，完成16～17题。
16．漫画反映的问题是（&&&& ）
A．住房占用耕地&&& B．水资源枯竭
C．大气污染严重&&& D．全球气候变暖
17．解决该问题的有效措施有（&&&& ）
①控制人口增长 ②跨流域调水 ③保护耕地 ④垃圾分类处理
A．①④&& B．②③&& C．①③&& D．②④
读图，完成18～19题。
18．我国耕地面积变化的趋势是（&&&& ）
A．面积不变&&&&&& B．面积不断扩大
C．减少速度加快&& D．减少速度由快变慢
19．我国在土地资源利用和保护方面的基本国策是（&&&& ）
A．因地制宜，合理布局
B．合理开发，使之永续利用
C．占多少，垦多少
D．十分珍惜和合理利用每一寸土地，切实保护耕地
20．以下四位学生对家乡因地制宜利用土地资源的叙述，正确的是（&&&& ）
A．我家住在山区，这里地形崎岖，适宜种植业的发展
B．我的家乡在内蒙古高原，这里土壤肥沃，是重要的小麦产区
C．我家在华北平原，这里地势平坦，热量条件好，甘蔗是这里主要的糖料作物
D．我的家乡在新疆，这里的绿洲农业发达，瓜果特别甜
二、综合题
21．根据我国某省级行政区2010年基本图表资料，分析回答下列问题。
（1）该省级行政区的人口密度是________人/平方千米。
（2）该省级行政区是______省份（填“沿海”或“边境”），位于我国地势第_____级阶梯。
（3）该省级行政区大部分地区的气候类型是_________________。
（4）该省级行政区土地构成中，_______所占比重较大。
（5）根据以上信息综合判断，该省级行政区是下图中的______（填数码）
（6）该省级行政区与④省区都有面积较大的草地分布。目前，我国在草地利用方面存在的主要问题是______________________________________。
22．读我国人均耕地变化图，完成下列问题。
（1）我国人均耕地的变化趋势是___________________________________。
（2）产生这种变化的主要原因是_____________________________。
（3）为什么要加强耕地保护？_____________，加强耕地保护有哪些措施？（至少写两条）_________________。
答案及解析：
一、单项选择题
2～3．2．D& 3．D& 第2题，A图例代表以以水田为主的耕地，B图例代表旱地为主的耕地，C图例代表林地。第3题，林地主要分布在山区。
4～5．4．A& 5．A& 第4题，土地资源总量丰富，种类齐全；土地资源总量多、但人均数量少；各类土地资源空间分布不均。第5题，要注意题目问的是有利方面。
6．B& 该漫画通过“美好的回忆”中的景观图片对比，说明新疆土地荒漠化带来的问题。
7～8．7．D& 8．C& 第7题，根据水土流失的图例可知，我国水土流失严重的地区主要分布在400毫米年等降水线以东的中部地区，以山西、陕西、甘肃、重庆、贵州、云南等地区为主。第8题，陡坡不适合修梯田，容易造成水土流失。
9～10．9．A& 10．C& 第9题，新疆深居内陆，远离海洋，降水少，干旱的气候环境下导致沙漠化面积很大，是我国荒漠化土地面积最大的省级行政区。第10题，全球荒漠化扩大的人为原因主要是过度垦殖、过度放牧，导致草场退化、土地沙化。
11．B& 发展林果业、挖塘养鱼并不是我国占用农田的主要方式。
12．D& 占耕地建别墅会造成耕地资源的减少；毁林开荒和弃牧毁草开荒会导致森林、草原的破坏，产生相应的生态环境问题。
13．D& 在土地资源利用中，应遵循因地制宜原则。随意开垦陡坡，随意围湖造田，会对自然环境带来严重影响，不利于农业的可持续发展。增加载畜量，过度放牧，会破坏草地资源。为保护有限的土地资源，应严把非农业用地关。
14～15．14．C& 15．B& 第14题，根据甲处的地理位置和图例进行判断。甲处位于我国东北大兴安岭山地，适合发展林业。根据图例，该地的土地利用类型为林地。第15题，根据乙处的地理位置和图例进行判断。乙处位于内蒙古高原的东部，拥有大面积的草地。根据图例，该地的土地利用类型为草地，因地制宜发展农业，主要的农业生产部门应是畜牧业。
16～17．16．A& 17．C& 第16题，图中鳞次栉比的楼房组成了张开大口的鲸鱼，用禾苗构成的“田”字，代表耕地资源；该图揭示的问题是住房占用耕地，耕地资源危机日益加剧。第17题，我国为了加强对土地资源的管理和保护，把“十分珍惜和合理利用每一寸土地，切实保护耕地”作为我国的一项基本国策。解决该问题的有效措施有控制人口增长、保护耕地。跨流域调水解决的是水资源的空间不配不均问题；垃圾分类处理不能减少住房对耕地的侵占。
18～19．18．D& 19．D& 第18题，根据图示我国耕地面积的变化趋势分析，从2001年到2008年我国耕地面积变化的趋势是面积不断减少，速度由快变慢。第19题，根据土地的用途及土地的利用状况，我们把土地资源分为耕地、林地、草地和建设用地等。我国为了加强对土地资源的管理和保护，把“十分珍惜和合理利用每一寸土地，切实保护耕地”作为我国的一项基本国策。
20．D& A选项山区应发展林业、畜牧业，发展种植业容易造成水土流失；B选项内蒙古草原应发展畜牧业；C选项华北平原位于暖温带地区，不适合甘蔗的生长，甘蔗主要生长在亚热带地区；D选项新疆位于我国西北地区，降水少，光照充足，昼夜温差大，适合发展绿洲农业，瓜果特别甜。
二、综合题
21．（1）117 （2）边境& 二（3）亚热带季风气候 （4）林地 （5）② （6）超载放牧、毁草开荒、靠天养畜等
22．（1）逐年减少 （2）人口增长，耕地面积减少 （3）耕地是养活我国众多人口的物质基础，耕地面积不断减少将危及国家生存发展；因地制宜合理利用，禁止乱占耕地，立法保护，加大宣传等。
解析：（1）我国人均耕地变化，可以通过统计图得出，根据曲线变化，可以直接观察出人均耕地是逐年减少的变化趋势。（2）我国人口众多，所以众多资源是总量丰富而人均占有量减少，随着人口的继续增加，人均占有量还会减少。（3）为了资源的可持续发展我们应该加强耕地保护。耕地是养活我国众多人口的物质基础，耕地面积不断减少将危及国家生存发展；因地制宜合理利用，禁止乱占耕地，立法保护，加大宣传等。
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学习啦【资讯】 编辑：楚欣
　　Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
　　Section A
　　Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select oneword for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read thepassage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified bya letter. Please mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through thecentre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
　　Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.
　　Many Brazilians cannot read. In 2000, a quarter of those aged 15 and older were functionallyilliterate (文盲). Many 36 do not want to. Only one literate adult in three reads books. The 37Brazilian reads 1.8 non-academic books a year, less than half the figure in Europe and theUnited States. In a recent survey .of reading habits, Brazilians came 27th out of 30 countries.Argentines, their neighbors, 38 18th.
　　The government and businesses are all struggling in different ways to change this. On March 13the government 39 a National Plan for Books and Reading. This seeks to boost reading, byfounding libraries and financing publishers among other things.
　　One discouragement to reading is that books are 40 . Most books have small print-runs,pushing up their price.
　　But Brazilians' indifference to books has deeper roots. Centuries of slavery meant thecounties leaders long 41 education. Primary schooling became universal only in the 1990s.
　　All this me Brazil&s book market has the biggest growth 42 in the western world.
　　But reading is a difficult habit to form. Brazilians bought fewer books in 2004, 89 million,including textbooks 43 by the government, than they did in 1991. Last year the director ofBrazil's national library 44 . He complained that he had half the librarians he needed andtermites (白蚁) had eaten much of the 45 . That ought to be a cause for national shame.
　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
　　A)average
　　B)collection
　　C)distributed
　　D)exhibition
　　E)expensive
　　F)launched
　　G)named
　　H)neglected
　　I) normal
　　J) particularly
　　K) potential
　　L) quit
　　M) ranked
　　N) simply
　　O) treasured
　　Section B
　　Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs Identify the paragraphfrom which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Eachparagraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 2.
　　The Touch-Screen Generation
　　A) On a chilly day last spring, a few dozen developers of children&s apps(应用程序)for phonesand tablets(平板电脑)gathered at an old beach resort in Monterey, California, to show off theirgames. The gathering was organized by Warren Buckleitner, a longtime reviewer of interactivechildren&s media. Buckleitner spent the breaks testing whether his own remote-controlhelicopter could reach the hall's second story, while various children who had come with theirparents looked up in awe(敬畏)and delight. But mostly they looked down, at the iPads andother tablets displayed around the hall like so many open boxes of candy. I walked around andtalked with developers, and several quoted a famous saying of Maria Montessori&s, &The handsare the instruments of man&s intelligence.&
　　B) What, really, would Maria Montessori have made of this scene? The 30 or so children herewere not down at the shore poking(戳)their fingers in the sand or running them along stonesor picking seashells. Instead they were all inside, alone or in groups of two or three, their facesa few inches from a screen, their hands doing things Montessori surely did not imagine.
　　C) In 2011, the American Academy of Pediatrics updated its policy on very young children andmedia. In 1999, the group had discouraged television viewing for children younger than 2, citingresearch on brain development that showed this age group&s critical need for &directinteractions with parents and other significant care givers.& The updated report began byacknowledging that things had changed significantly since then. In 2006, 90% of parents saidthat their children younger than 2 consumed some form of electronic media. Nevertheless, thegroup took largely the same approach it did in 1999, uniformly discouraging passive mediause, on any type of screen, for these kids. (For older children, the academy noted, &high-quality programs& could have &educational benefits.&) The 2011 report mentioned &smart cellphone& and &new screen& technologies, but did not address interactive apps. Nor did it bringup the possibility that has likely occurred to those 90% of American parents that some goodmightcome from those little swiping(在电子产品上刷)fingers.
　　D) I had come to the developers& conference partly because I hoped that this particular set ofparents, enthusiastic as they were about interactive media, might help me out of this problem,that they might offer some guiding principle for American parents who are clearly never goingto meet the academy&s ideals, and at some level do not want to. Perhaps this group would beable to express clearly some benefits of the new technology that the more cautious doctorsweren&t ready to address.
　　E) I fell into conversation with a woman who had helped develop Montessori Letter Sounds,an app that teaches preschoolers the Montessori methods of spelling. She was a formerMontessori teacher and a mother of four. I myself have three children who are all fans of thetouch screen. What games did her kids like to play, I asked, hoping for suggestions I couldtake home.
　　&They don&t play all that much.&
　　Really? Why not?
　　&Because I don&t allow it. We have a rule of no screen time during the week, unless it&s clearly
　　educational. &
　　No screen time? None at all? That seems at the outer edge of restrictive, even by thestandards of
　　overcontrolling parents.
　　&On the weekends, they can play. I give them a limit of half an hour and then stop. Enough.&
　　F) Her answer so surprised me that I decided to ask some of the other developers who werealso parents what their domestic ground rules for screen time were. One said only on airplanesand long car rides. Another said Wednesdays and weekends, for half an hour. The mostpermissive said half an hour a day, which was about my rule at home. At one point I sat withone of the biggest developers of e-book apps for kids, and his family. The small kid was startingto fuss in her high chair, so the mom stuck an iPad in front of her and played a short movie soeveryone else could enjoy their lunch. When she saw me watching, she gave me the universaltense look of mothers who feel they are being judged. &At home,& she assured me, &I only lether watch movies in Spanish. &&
　　G) By their reactions, these parents made me understand the problem of our age: astechnology becomes almost everywhere in our lives. American parents are becoming more, notless, distrustful of what it might be doing to their children. Technological ability has not, forparents, translated into comfort and ease. On the one hand, parents want their children toswim expertly in the digital stream that they will have to navigate(航行) on theother hand, they fear that too much digital media, too early, will sink them. Parents end uptreating tablets as precision surgical(外科的)instruments, devices that might performmiracles for their child's IQ and help him win some great robotics competition&but only if theyare used just so. Otherwise, their child could end up one of those sad, pale creatures who can&tmake eye contact and has a girlfriend who lives only in the virtual world.
　　H) Norman Rockwell, a 20th-century artist, never painted Boy Swiping Finger on Screen, andour own vision of a perfect childhood has never been adjusted to accommodate that now-common scene. Add to that our modern fear that every parenting decision may have lastingconsequences - that every minute of enrichment lost or mindless entertainment indulged(放纵的)will add up to some permanent handicap(障碍)in the future&and you have deep guiltand confusion. To date, no body of research has proved that the iPad will make yourpreschooler smarter or teach her to speak Chinese, or alternatively that it will rust her nervoussystem the device has been out for only three years, not much more than the time it takessome academics to find funding and gather research subjects. So what is a parent to do?
　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
　　46. The author attended the conference, hoping to find some guiding principles for parentingin the electronic age.
　　47. American parents are becoming more doubtful about the benefits technology is said tobring to their children.
　　48. Some experts believe that human intelligence develops by the use of hands.
　　49. The author found a former Montessori teacher exercising strict control over her kids,screen time.
　　50. Research shows interaction with people is key to babies& brain development.
　　51. So far there has been no scientific proof of the educational benefits of iPads.
　　52. American parents worry that overuse of tablets will create problems with their kids&interpersonal relationships.
　　53. The author expected developers of children's apps to specify the benefits of the newtechnology.
　　54. The kids at the gathering were more fascinated by the iPads than by the helicopter.
　　55. The author permits her children to use the screen for at most half an hour a day.
　　Section C
　　Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questionsor unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.
　　Passage One
　　Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.
　　When young women were found to make only 82 percent of what their male peers do just oneyear out of college, many were at a loss to explain it.
　　All the traditional reasons put forward to interpret the pay gap&that women fall behind whenthey leave the workforce to raise kids, for example, or that they don&t seek as manymanagement roles&failed to justify this one. These young women didn&t have kids yet. Andbecause they were just one year removed from their undergraduate degrees, few of thesewomen yet had the chance to go after (much less decline) leadership roles.
　　But there are other reasons why the pay gap remains so persistent. The first is that no matterhow many women may be getting college degrees, the university experience is still an unequalone. The second is that our higher education system is not designed to focus on the economicconsequences of our students& years on campus.
　　Now that women arc the majority of college students and surpass men in both the number ofundergraduate and advanced degrees awarded, one might think the college campus is a prettyequal place. It is not. Studies show that while girls do better than boys in high school, theystart to trail off during their college years. They enroll in different kinds of classes, tend tomajor in less rigorous(非常严格的)subjects, and generally head off with less ambitious plans.
　　As a result, it's not surprising that even the best educated young women enter the workplacewith a slight disadvantage. Their college experience leaves them somewhat confused, stillstumbling(栽倒)over the dilemmas their grandmothers' generation sought to destroy. Arethey supposed to be pretty or smart? Strong or sexy(性感的)? All their lives, today's youngwomen have been pushed to embrace both perfection and passion to pursue science andsports, math and theater and do it all as well as they possibly can. No wonder they are notnegotiating for higher salaries as soon as they get out of school. They are too exhausted, andtoo scared of failing.
　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
　　56. Traditionally, it is believed that women earn less than men because_________.
　　A) they have failed to take as many rigorous courses
　　B) they do not feel as fit for management roles
　　C) they feel obliged to take care of their kids at home
　　D) they do not exhibit the needed leadership qualities
　　57. What does the author say about America's higher education system?
　　A) It does not offer specific career counseling to women.
　　B) It does not consider its economic impact on graduates.
　　C) It does not take care of women students' special needs.
　　D) It does not encourage women to take rigorous subjects.
　　58. What does the author say about today's college experience?
　　A) It is different for male and female students.
　　B) It is not the same as that of earlier generations.
　　C) It is more exhausting than most women expect.
　　D) It is not so satisfying to many American students.
　　59. What does the author say about women students in college?
　　A) They have no idea how to bring out their best.
　　B) They drop a course when they find it too rigorous.
　　C) They are not as practical as men in choosing courses.
　　D) They don't perform as well as they did in high school.
　　60. How does the author explain the pay gap between men and women fresh from college?
　　A) Women arc too worn out to be ambitious.
　　B) Women are not ready to take management roles.
　　C) Women are caught between career and family.
　　D) Women are not good at negotiating salaries.
　　Passage Two
　　Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.
　　Reading leadership literature, you&d sometimes think that everyone has the potential to be aneffective leader.
　　I don&t believe that to be true. In fact, I sec way fewer truly effective leaders than I see peoplestuck in positions of leadership who arc sadly incompetent and seriously misguided about theirown abilities.
　　Part of the reason this happens is a lack of honest self-assessment by those who aspire to (追求)leadership in the first place.
　　We've all met the type of individual who simply must take charge. Whether it's a decision-making session, a basketball game, or a family outing, they can't help grabbing the lead dogposition and clinging on to it for dear life. They believe they're natural born leaders.
　　Truth is, they're nothing of the sort. True leaders don't assume that it's their divine(神圣的)right to take charge every time two or more people get together. Quite the opposite. Agreat leader will assess each situation on its merits, and will only take charge when theirposition, the situation, and or the needs of the moment demand it.
　　Many business executives confuse leadership with action. They believe that constant motionsomehow generates leadership as a byproduct. Faced with any situation that can&t be solvedby the sheer force of activity, they generate a dust cloud of impatience. Their one leadershiptool is volume: if they think you aren't working as hard as they think you should, their demandsbecome increasingly louder and harsher.
　　True leaders understand the value of action, of course, but it isn&t their only tool. In fact, itisn&t ever their primary tool. Great leaders see more than everyone else: answers, solutions,patterns, problems, opportunities. They know it&s vitally important to do, but they also knowthat thinking, understanding, reflection and interpretation are equally important.
　　If you're too concerned with outcomes to the extent that you manipulate and intimidateothers to achieve those outcomes, then you aren't leading at all, you're dictating. A true leaderis someone who develops his or her team so that they can and do hit their targets and achievetheir goals.
　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2 上作答。
　　61. What does the author think of the leaders he knows?
　　A) Many of them are used to taking charge.
　　B) Few of them are equal to their positions.
　　C) Many of them fail to fully develop their potential.
　　D) Few of them are familiar with leadership literature.
　　62. Why are some people eager to grab leadership positions?
　　A) They believe they have the natural gift to lead.
　　B) They believe in what leadership literature says.
　　C) They have proved competent in many situations.
　　D They derive great satisfaction from being leaders.
　　63. What characterizes a great leader according to the author?
　　A) Being able to take prompt action when chances present themselves.
　　B) Having a whole-hearted dedication to their divine responsibilities.
　　C) Having a full understanding of their own merits and weaknesses.
　　D) Being able to assess the situation carefully before taking charge.
　　64. How will many business executives respond when their command fails to generate action?
　　A) They reassess the situation at hand. C) They resort to any tool available.
　　B) They become impatient and rude. D) They blame their team members.
　　65. What is the author&s advice to leaders?
　　A) Concentrate on one specific task at a time.
　　B) Use different tools to achieve different goals.
　　C) Build up a strong team to achieve their goals.
　　D) Show determination when faced with tough tasks.
　　Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)
　　Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese intoEnglish. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.
　　中国应进一步发展核能，因为核电目前只占其总发电量的2%。该比例在所有核国家中居第3 0位，几乎是最低的。
　　2011年3月日本核电站事故后，中国的核能开发停了下来，中止审批新的核电站，并开展全国性的核安全险查。到2012年10月，审批才又谨慎地恢复。
　　随着技术和安全措施的改进，发生核事故的可能性完全可以降到最低程度。换句话说，核能是可以安全开发和利用的。
　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
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