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利用火电厂锅炉排烟废热的新方法
耐酸不锈钢制造的新型低温省煤器,配有强制性机械清灰装置,能够长期工作在露点以下烟气环境中,抗腐蚀,不堵灰,可以将发电厂锅炉排烟温度从135℃～150℃降低到74℃～84℃,提高发电厂热效率2.5%～3.O%,2年之内收回节能改造投资.根据现有引风机富余全压设计新型低温省煤器阻力,可以不改造引风机.
ZHANG Bing-wen
ZHOU Zhen-qi
作者单位：
东北电力大学,能源与机械工程学院,吉林,吉林,132012
年，卷(期)：
机标分类号：
在线出版日期：
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万方数据电子出版社锅炉机组&& boiler
固定式锅炉&& stationary
蒸汽锅炉&& steam
电站锅炉&& power
station boiler
工业锅炉&& industrial
生活锅炉&& domestic
热水锅炉&& hot water
船用锅炉&& marine
快装锅炉&& package
组装锅炉&&
shop-assembled boiler
散装锅炉&&
field-assembled boiler
常压热水锅炉&&
atmospheric pressure hot water boiler
低压锅炉&& low pressure
中压锅炉&& medium
pressure boiler
高压锅炉&& high
pressure boiler
超高压锅炉&& superhigh
pressure boiler
亚临界压力锅炉&&
subcritical pressure boiler
超临界压力锅炉&&
supercritical pressure boiler
超超临界锅炉&& ultra
supercritical boiler
自然循环锅炉&& natural
circulation boiler
强制循环锅炉&& forced
circulation boiler
直流锅炉&& once-through
复合循环锅炉&& combined
circulation boiler
低循环倍率锅炉&& low
circulation boiler
火管锅炉&& fire tube
水管锅炉&& water tube
固体燃料锅炉&& solid-fuel
fired boiler
液体燃料锅炉&&
liquid-fuel fired boiler
气体燃料锅炉&& gas-fuel
fired boiler
余热锅炉&& exhaust heat
boiler 余热锅炉（HRSG）
电热锅炉&& electric
锅壳式锅炉&& shell
水火管锅壳式锅炉&&
water-fire tube shell boiler
卧式内燃锅炉&& horizontal
internal-combustion boiler
角管式锅炉&& corner tube
立式锅炉&& vertical
小型锅炉&& low-capacity
铸铁锅炉&& cast-iron
固态排渣锅炉&& boiler
with dry-ash furnace
液态排渣锅炉&& boiler
with slag-tap furnace
火床燃烧锅炉&& grate
firing boiler
链条炉排锅炉&& traveling
grate boiler
抛煤机链条炉排锅炉&&
spreader-stoker-fired boiler
火室燃烧锅炉&& suspension
firing boiler
煤粉燃烧锅炉&& pulverized
coal fired boiler
水煤浆燃烧锅炉&&
coal-water slurrty fired boiler
流化床燃烧锅炉&& fluidized
bed boiler
循环流化床锅炉&&
circulating fluidized bed boiler
增压循环流化床锅炉&&
pressurized fluidized bed boiler
微正压锅炉&& pressure
fired boiler
增压锅炉&& supercharged
辐射式锅炉&& radiant
通用压力锅炉&&
universal-pressure boiler
汽水两用锅炉&&
multifunctional boiler (steam and hot water)
盘管式锅炉&& coil tube
真空相变热水锅炉&& vacuum
phase-change hot water boiler
有机热载体炉&& organic
heat transfer material heater
锅炉本体&& boiler
受热面&& heating
辐射受热面&& radiant
heating surface
对流受热面&& convection
heating surface
附加受热面&& auxiliary
heating surface
受压部件&& pressure
受压元件&& pressure
管屏&& tube
垂直上升管屏&& up flow
riser tube panel
回带式管屏&& ribbon
水平围绕管屏&&
spirally-wound tube panel
管束&& tube
错列布置管束&& staggered
顺列布置管束&& in-line
对流烟道&& convection
并联烟道&& parallel gas
风道&& air duct
炉膛（燃烧室）&&
水冷炉膛&& water cooled
绝热炉膛&& insulating
炉胆&& furnace
波形炉胆&& corrugated
回燃室&& reversal
冷灰斗&& water-cooled
hopper bottom
卫燃带&& refractory
折焰角&& furnace
炉拱&& arch
前拱&& front
后拱&& rear
燃烧器&& burner
煤粉燃烧器&& powdered
coal burner
旋流式煤粉燃烧器&& cyclone
type burner
直流式煤粉燃烧器&&
impellerless burner
低氮氧化物燃烧器&& low
nitrogen oxide burner
点火装置&& flame
油燃烧器&& oil
油雾化器&& oil
机械雾化油燃烧器（压力雾化油燃烧器）&&
mechanical atomizing burner
气流雾化油燃烧器&& gas
atomizing burner
气体燃烧器&& gas
炉排&& grate
链条炉排&& travelling
grate stoker
链带式炉排&& chain belt
type grate stoker
横梁式炉排&& crossgirder
grate stoker
鳞片式炉排&& flake type
grate stoker
往复炉排&&
reciprocating grate
倾斜式往复炉排&& inclined
reciprocating grate
振动炉排&& vibrating
抛煤机&& spreader
锅筒&& drum
上锅筒&& steam
下锅筒&& water
锅壳&& shell
筒体&& cylindrical
封头&& head
凸形封头&& convex
椭圆形封头&& ellipsoidal
半球形封头&&
hemispherical head
平封头&& flat
管板&& tube
孔桥（管孔带）&&
人孔&& manhole
手孔&& handhole
集箱（联箱）&&
端盖&& head
锅筒内部装置&& drum
清洗装置&& steam
旋风分离器&& cyclone
轴流式分离器&&&
turbo separator
百叶窗分离器&& corrugated
钢丝网分离器&& screen
多孔板&& perforated
distribution plate
集汽管&& dry
排污管&& blowoff
加药管&& chemical feed
蒸发受热面&& evaporating
heating surface
水冷壁&& water-cooled
膜式水冷壁&& membrane
双面水冷壁&& division
防渣管（凝渣管）&& boiler
slag screen
锅炉管束&& boiler
convection tube bank
烟管（火管）&& fire
螺纹烟管&& spirally
corrugated tube
内螺纹管&& ribbed
旗式受热面&& flag
pattern surface
superheater
辐射式过热器&& radiant
superheater
墙式过热器&& wall
superheater
屏式过热器&& platen
superheater
对流式过热器&& convection
superheater
包墙管过热器&&
steam-cooled wall
顶棚管过热器（炉顶过热器）&&
steam-cooled roof
悬吊式过热器&& pendant
superheater
水平式过热器&& horizontal
superheater
辐射式再热器&& radiant
对流式再热器&& convection
desuperheater、 attemperator
表面式减温器&& drum type
surface attemperator
喷水减温器&& spray type
attemperator
烟气挡板（旁路档板）&& smoke
烟气再循环装置&& gas
recirculation equipment
汽——汽热交换器&&
steam-steam heat exchanger
economizer
沸腾式省煤器&& steaming
economizer
非沸腾式省煤器&&
nonsteaming economizer
钢管式省煤器&& steel tube
economizer
鳍片管式省煤器&& finned
tube economizer
铸铁肋片管式省煤器&&
cast-iron gilled tube economizer
可分式省煤器（独立式省煤器）&&
separated economizer
悬吊管&& pendant
空气预热器&& air
钢管式空气预热器&& tubular
air heater
再生式回转空气预热器&& rotary
regenerative air heater
受热面转动型再生式空气预热器&&
rotating-plate type regenerative air heater
风罩转动型再生式空气预热器&&
stationary-plate type regenerative air heater
板式空气预热器&& plate
type recuperative air heater
铸铁肋片管式空气预热器&&
cast-iron gilled tube air heater
暖风机&& steam air
锅炉构架&& boiler
支承式锅炉构架&&
bottom-supported structure
悬吊式锅炉构架&&
top-supported structure by hangers
框架式锅炉构架&& frame
type boiler structure
桁架式锅炉构架&& trussed
type boiler structure
锅炉炉墙&& boiler
重型炉墙&& bottom
supported heavy wall
轻型炉墙&& sectional
supporting water cooled wall
敷管炉墙&& top
supported water cooled wall
炉墙护板&& boiler
锅炉汽水系统&& boiler
steam and water circuit
锅炉范围内管道&& boiler
external piping
安全阀&& safety
静重式安全阀&&
direct-loaded safety valve
弹簧式安全阀&&
spring-loaded safety valve
杠杆式安全阀&& deadweight
safety valve
脉冲式安全阀&& pulsed
safety valve
电磁控制式安全阀&& electric
relief valve
水封式安全装置&&
water-sealed safety equipment
水位表&& water
玻璃水位计&& glass water
双色水位计&&
double-colour water gauge
高低水位报警器&& high-low
water level alarm
低置水位计&& remote
water level indicator
防爆门&& explosion
排污阀&& blowdown
疏水阀（疏水器）&&
点火程序控制装置&& ignition
control program
熄火保护装置&& flame
failure protection
额定蒸发量&& nominal
最大连续蒸发量&& maximum
continuous rating
额定供热量&& rated
heating capacity
额定蒸汽参数&& nominal
steam parameter
额定蒸汽压力&& nominal
steam pressure
额定蒸汽温度&& nominal
steam temperature
额定热水温度&& nominal
hot water temperature
给水温度&& feed watr
temperature
回水温度&& return water
temperature
排污率&& rate of
锅炉热力计算&& thermal
calculation for boilers
锅炉水动力计算&&
hydrodynamic calculation for boilers
锅炉烟风阻力计算&& flue-gas
and air resistance calulation for boilers
锅炉受压元件强度计算&&
strength calculation of pressure parts for boilers
锅炉水循环&& boiler
circulation
循环回路&& circulation
蒸汽品质&& steam
蒸汽污染&& steam
contamination
机械携带&& mechanical
carry-over
溶解携带&& vaporous
carry-over
蒸汽净化&& steam
purification
蒸汽湿度&& moisture in
分段蒸发&& stage
evaporation
气温调节&& steam
temperature control
给水&& feed
补给水&& make-up
锅水&& boiler
给水品质&& feedwater
锅水浓度&& boiler water
concentration
总硬度&& total
总碱度&& total
alkalinity
悬浮固形物&& suspended
solid matter
溶解固形物&& dissolved
solid matter
相对碱度&& relative
alkalinity
负压燃烧&&
negative-pressure firing
压力燃烧&& pressurized
自然通风&& natural
机械通风&& mechanical
平衡通风&& balanced
分段送风&& zone control
燃料消耗量&& fuel
consumption
计算燃料消耗量&&
calculated fuel consumption
理论空气量&& theoretical
过量空气系数&& excess air
理论燃烧温度&&
theoretical combustion temperature
炉膛出口烟气温度&& furnace
outlet gas temperature
排烟温度&& exhaust gas
temperature
锅炉热效率&& boiler
efficiency
保证效率&& guarantee
efficiency
燃烧效率&& combustion
efficiency
锅炉热损失&& boiler heat
排烟热损失&& heat loss
due to exhaust gas
气体不完全燃烧热损失&& heat
loss due to unburned gases
固体不完全燃烧热损失&& heat
loss due to unburned carbon in refuse
散热损失&& heat loss
due to radiation
灰渣物理热损失&& heat loss
due to sensible heat in slag
飞灰可燃物含量（飞灰含碳量）&&
unburned combustible in flue dust
炉渣可燃物含量（炉渣含碳量）&&
unburned combustible in slag
漏风系数&& air leakage
热风温度&& hot air
temperature
一次风（一次空气）&& primary
二次风（二次空气）&&
secondary air
三次风（三次空气）&&
tertiary air
炉膛容积热负荷&& furnace
volume heat release rate
炉膛截面热强度&& furnace
cross-section heat release rate
辐射受热面热流密度（炉壁热流密度）&&
furnace wall heat flux density
炉排面积热负荷&& grate
heat release rate
炉排通风截面比&&
percentage of air space
水动力特性&&
hydrodynamics
循环倍率&& circulation
循环水速&& circulation
运动压头&& available
static head
有效压头&& available
质量流速&& mass
质量含汽率&& steam
quality by mass
临界含汽率&& critical
steam quality
沸腾换热恶化&& boiling
过冷沸腾&& subcooled
计算压力&& calculated
计算壁温&& calculated
metal temperature
最高允许工作压力&& maximum
allowable working pressure
安全系数&& safety
许用应力&& allowable
理论计算壁厚&&
theoretical calculated thickness
最小需要壁厚&& minimum
required thickness
公称壁厚（名义壁厚）&&
nominal thickness
有效壁厚&& effective
应力集中系数&& stress
concentration factor
孔桥减弱系数&& ligament
efficiency
焊缝减弱系数&& weld
efficiency
开孔补强&&
reinforcement of openings
表面清理&& surface
喷丸（砂）处理&& shot-rain
封头成型&& head
冲压成型&& press
旋压成型&& spin
爆炸成型&& explosion
边缘加工&& edge
processing
卷板&& plate
冷态卷板&& cold
热态卷板&& hot
矫形&& shape
矫圆&& round
板边预弯&& preliminary
弯管&& tube
冷态弯管&& cold
胀管&& tube
胀管率&& expansion
efficiency
成排焊接&& panel
成排弯管&& panel
out-of-roundness
straightness/alinement
eccentricity
管端倾斜度&& gradient of
通球试验&& ball passing
锅筒起吊&& drum
砌墙&& walling
烘炉&& furnace
煮炉&& boiling
补炉&& fetting
挖补修理&& remedy
机械除垢&& mechanical
化学清洗&& chemical
碱煮除垢&& alkali
酸洗除垢&& acid
钝化处理&&
passivating
冲管&& flushing
吹管&& steam-line
锅炉改造&& boiler
炉拱改造&& arch
循环系统改造&&
circulation circuit reforming
锅炉启动&&
上水&& filling
水位&& water
炉内清扫&& purge
点火&& fire
升压&& raising
疏水&& drain
并汽&& bring a boiler
onto the line
启动压力&& start-up
启动流量&& start-up
滑参数启动&& variable
parameter start-up
排污&& blowdown
定期排污&& periodic
连续排污&& continuous
吹灰&& soot
压缩空气吹灰 compressed air blowing
蒸汽吹灰&& steam
药物清灰&& chemical
压火&& banking
停炉&& shutdown
定压运行&& constant
pressure operation
变压运行&& variable
pressure operation
经济运行&& economical
停炉保养&&
preservation
湿法保养&& wet
preservation
干法保养&& dry
preservation
充气保养&& gas-filled
preservation
外部检查&& visual
inspection
内部检查&& internal
inspection
宏观检验&& macroscopic
examination
漏风试验&& air leakage
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