> 【答案带解析】第一节翻译语篇阅读下面的短文，将划线部分译成英文或中文。 Sometimes y...
第一节翻译语篇阅读下面的短文，将划线部分译成英文或中文。Sometimes you feel busy and worried. 1.你可能有许多事情要做，时间却不够。You may wonder, “ Where does time go?” Here are some ideas to help you make use of it and find more free time to enjoy your life.Plan ahead of time. 2.It’s necessary for you to make a plan at the beginning of a week or a day. Think of what you really need and don’t need to do. Spare（匀出）some time to have a short rest and look back on what you’ve done. You may have a sense of success.Say no to yourself. If you are not excited about attending（出席）a social activity, then don’t go. 3..呆在家里休息。If you plan to go to a supermarket but it is raining heavily, why not stay inside? It’s fine to change your mind and do your shopping another day.Change your pace（节奏). If you usually go shopping on Saturday, choose a weekday night to go instead. 4.The stores are less crowded on Wednesday evening than Saturday afternoon. You can feel better if you regard your way home as taking a relaxing walk after supper.Focus on（关注）simple pleasures. 5.When your day’s work is done, it’s time to get yourself relaxed. A pleasant bath, a cup of coffee or a gentle song can be enough. Although expensive relaxation is nice, when you focus on simple pleasures, you’ll get more. 
1.You may have a lot things to do but you don’t have enough time.
2.在每天或者每周的开端做一个计划对于你来说很有必要。
3.You can stay at home and have a rest.
4.商店在星期三晚上没有星期六下午拥堵。
5.当你一天的工作都完成了，是时候放松自己了。
考点分析：
考点1：阅读表达
&阅读表达是阅读理解题的一部分,它是近年来出现的新题型,它要求学生在阅读文章后对文章中的某些内容或整篇文章做出概括,是一种读写结合题,所以大家在做这类题时首先要弄清完成的是什么任务,然后有的放矢地去阅读,最后进行归纳与总结. 一般任务型阅读的题型多为细节题,好的方法是先看问题,然后带着问题读文,把细节画出来,还有一种题型是归纳题,它又分两类.一类是段落性的,一类是概括中心内容(全文性)这种较难,不过是有方法的.都是要通读全文,至少3遍. &
任务型阅读理解题型的特征和一般解题方法 ： &
& &第一步：认真阅读试题背景，了解阅读材料的背景、话题或主题，确保解题时不脱离阅读的主题和正确思维的主线索。
& &第二步：仔细阅读题目，找出不同人物的不同要求，并在关键词下划线，以便有利于为第三步的的顺利解题创造良好的和必要的条件。 & & &第三：对照题目的要求，从A、B、C、D、E和F六个备选项中选出符合以上要求的对应条件。有时，我们只要顺着关键词的线索就能轻松找到正确的答案。例如，有一篇有关体育题材的任务型阅读理解的题目要求中涉及到姚明的NBA生涯，考生只要在备选项中找到”姚明”这个关键词,不用阅读整个题目和备选项就能轻松找到正确的答案。但是，在大多数情况下，还要从提出的若干备选项选择符合条件中的内容。同学们需要根据具体的情况灵活地选择解踢方式，跳读、扫读还是细读。在此，特别提醒各位同学：选项中肯定有一项是多余选项。 &第四步：快速对照“要求”和“条件”这一主要线索通读一遍，做到万无一失，提高答题的准确率，增强应试的信心。
& 阅读表达题步骤和技巧 &
& &1.认真审题，读懂题意。由于题目要求形式多样，在同一篇阅读材料中会要求完成不同的任务，因此解题前要先明确任务，做到心中有数。 & &2.快速阅读，掌握大意。在做题时要快速扫视一下文章的大意，然后结合前面的题目的要求，大致明白所要完成的任务。
& &3.细读题目，完成任务。在明白题意和文章意思的基础上，仔细阅读后面的题目要求，在原文中找出问题题干所包括的信息部分，这样就可以快速准确地抓住有效信息，确保答题的准确性。如果是根据英文释义写单词的题，则一定要确保所填的单词来源于原文，切不可脱离原文，随意发挥。
& &4.复读文章，核实任务。在初步完成所要求的任务以后，学生必须再仔细阅读所提供的短文，结合题意、文章和文后提供的任务信息、认真核实任务以保证答题正确。 &&
& &5．注意读写结合。任务型阅读不仅考查学生阅读理解层面的能力，更加注重考查学生“写”的能力。若是写单词，则要注意拼写正确，词形、词性有无变化，是否需要大写；若所要完成的是短语或句子成分，则需谨慎对待，依据所给题干分析要完成的是什么句子成分，需用什么样的表达方式，不可简单草率地将文中信息直接挪用。
& &总之，阅读理解不同于传统的阅读理解，它介于阅读理解与写作之间，教师应该适应新课改的要求，掌握阅读理解的特点，加强学生阅读能力的培养。
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The World Wide Web（www.万维网）turned 25 years old on March 12th. It has become a very important part in our daily lives. We can’t imagine living without the web, the short form of the World Wide Web.In 1989, a British engineer named Tim Berners-Lee came up with the idea of the Web. It is a group of “pages” of information that are connected to each other around the world. That is the very beginning of the Web. Since then, the Web has greatly changed the way people live. With a click(点击)of a mouse we can read news, buy things, make friends and learn anything we’re interested in. Now, 25 years after its birth, how will the Web influence life in the future? Scientists believe there are both advantages and disadvantages.A growing Web will help build “better relationships” between different cultures. Also in the future, everyday items could be connected to the Web. We could share plenty of information to make our daily lives more convenient(方便的). So one day in the future, your front door could send you a message. “Dear sir, everyone has left the house, but I’ m still open!”But scientists warn（警告）us that if we share personal information on the Internet it could get into the wrong hands.“It’s not wise to spend a whole day in front of the screen. People need to get close to nature and enjoy the sun. Never be controlled by the Internet.” said Berners-Lee.1.How old is the World W ide Web?2.Who came up with the idea of the Web?3.What can we do by clicking a mouse according to the passage?4.Will the Web influence life in the future?5.What could happen if we share personal information on the Internet? 
Some etiquette（礼仪）in modern lifeDo you often use a cellphone? Do you take the subway to school every day? These items make our modern life easier. But do you know how we should behave properly while using them? The following suggestions might be helpful.For cellphone users◆Keep your voice down when you make a phone call in public.Shouting on the phone may make others feel uncomfortable. And you’d better not use it during an appointment（约会）.◆Stop sending messages or playing games with your cellphone at a dinner or a party. It’s a good time to communicate（交流）with your family and friends.◆Don’t make or answer a call while driving. It is not only very dangerousfor both you and your passengers but also against the law.For subway passengers◆You are supposed to wait in line while buying tickets and getting on the subway.◆You’re not allowed to eat, drink or smoke on the subway train. The smell and noise may trouble others. It’s our duty to keep the train clean and tidy. Besides, smoking is bad for health.◆ You can’t take pets on the train. As we all know, animals may spreaddiseases（传播疾病）and get the train dirty.◆ You’d better not lie across the subway seats even if the train isn’t crowded. Offering your seat to someone who needs it is regarded as good manners.Titles：Some etiquette in modern lifeItems (项目)Do’sDon’tsCellphoneusers Keep your 1.______ down in public● Don’t send messages or play games at a dinner or a party.● Don’t make or answer 2.____ while driving.3.______● Wait in line● Keep the train 4.______● Offer your seat to someone who needs it.● Don’t eat, drink or smoke on the train.●5.____ on the train.● Don’t lie across the subway seats. 
  1. How soon can you be fluent in your chosen language?A. In a week B. In a month C. In a year2.Which of the following is NOT true according to the advertisement?A. Parla is a method of learning languages.B. You will get CDs and books from the training center.C. Any trail must be paid.3. According to the rules, the residents（住宿者）can ______ .A. make tea and cook mealsB. play loud music at 11 p.m.C. watch TV in their free time4.The rules above are made for ______ .A. students B. workers C. patients5.We may learn from the rules that ______ .A. visitors are welcome to spend the whole night in the roomsB. hanging clothes out of the window to dry isn’t allowedC. each floor has a telephone for making international calls 
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Jason’s arms are just half without hands and his legs aren’t fully grown either. They even forgot to think of him as disabled.
At the age of six, he told his mother he wanted to get down from the prosthetics（假肢）and play with other kids. This was the last time Jason had worn them. He now has an electric wheelchair（轮椅）, but he never uses itat home or when it is easy for him to move using only his body. Jason learned handwriting and coloring at school, holding the pen between the ends of his arms. He also learned to eat with forks at home. When he was ten, he fell in love with football. He never had a pair of shoes in his life because of the shape of his feet. He only wore socks on the football field. He never won a match, but he refused to give up. His strong arms and body, as well as some fantastic ways made him a respected（受尊重的） player on the school team. He went to a famous university after high school.Now Jason still faces many hardships in life, but he will make you believe that you can do what he has done.“Never be afraid of any difficulty”, Jason often encourages others in his speeches.1.Why were Jason’s parents shocked when they saw him for the first time？A. Because he was born disabled.B. Because he had big hands.C. Because his hair was curely2.Jason learned to write and color by holding the pen ______ .A. between his legs B. between his arms C. between his teeth3.What does the underlined word “hardships” mean in this passage?A. 成就B. 贫穷C. 困难4. From the passage, we learn the following about Jason EXPECT ______ .A. he only uses his electric wheelchair at homeB. he only wore socks while playing footballC. he is never afraid of any difficulty in life5.What is the best title（标题）of this passage?A. Disabled but still ableB. Playing football brings good luckC. Never wear prosthetics even disabled 
This morning I got an e-mail from Roy. It seems that my boy really enjoys his new life at Harvard University.The
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C. fear4.A. cried B. smiled C. shouted5.A. nice B. bad C. wrong6.A. drum B. brush
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＞＞＞把下列汉语翻译成英语。1. 这是我的母亲。 ___________________..
把下列汉语翻译成英语。1. 这是我的母亲。&&& ______________________________________2. 那是你的铅笔盒吗？&&& ______________________________________3. 这些是我的两个哥哥。&&& ______________________________________4. 那些是你的朋友吗？&&& ______________________________________5. 这儿有一本字典。&&& ______________________________________
题型：翻译题难度：中档来源：同步题
1. This is my mother.&& 2. Is that your pencil case? 3. These are my two brothers. 4. Are those your friends? 5. Here is a dictionary.
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据魔方格专家权威分析，试题“把下列汉语翻译成英语。1. 这是我的母亲。 ___________________..”主要考查你对&&翻译能力&&等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下：
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因为篇幅有限，只列出部分考点，详细请访问。
英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异，因此在进行英汉互译时就要掌握所学句型及短语，还要灵活运用。汉译英的考点很多，不仅考查学生的语言基本功，即对词汇的记忆能力和理解能力，还考查学生在具体的语境中灵活运用词汇知识和语法知识的能力。&初中英语翻译题解题技巧：翻译题在初中英语试题中占15分，题型分为两种，一种是汉译英（11分），它分为部分翻译5个和整句翻译3个，另一种是英译汉（4分）。汉译英谈谈解题技巧：可以从时态、语态、固定短语、主谓一致、基本句型等许多方面来考查。& 汉译英题的解题步骤如下：& 1.通读汉语，了解这个句子所要表达的意思& 2.阅读英文，找出其中要考查的内容，揣摩出题人的意图，并分析。 3.观察一下要求翻译的汉语，然后联想一下相关的词汇、句型，并考虑时态、语态、词形变化、主谓一致等问题。 4.翻译出所缺的英文部分。& 5.将翻译好的句子再通读一遍，并从时态、语态、词形、数的一致等方面检查一下。a.上课做笔记是个好习惯。It’s&a&good&habbit&to&_____&in&class.&观察后发现考查的内容为一个短语，所以经过联想，想到take&notes&这个短语，并注意复数形式。&b.几年来，他拍了几部大片。&____________________________这是一个整句翻译，首先想到“几年来”这个短语over&the&years,它是固定短语，然后想到它所用到的时态为现在完成时，所以这个句子写成：Over&the&years,&he&has&made&some&great&movies.&c.必须经常浇树。&一看到这个题目，有的同学有些发懵，因为这个句子没有主语，那么就要想到被动语态，而且是含有“必须”这个情态动词，这时就可以联想到含有情态动词的被动语态的构成：主语+情态动词+be&+p.p&所以这个句子写成：Trees&must&be&watered&often.英译汉解题步骤如下： 1.浏览整段文章，清楚大概内容。& 2.分析划线部分的句子含义，遇到不会的生词，要从上下文的内容中来猜测。& 3.整理好所思考的句子，注意英汉语言方面的差异，所翻译好的句子必须符合汉语逻辑思维,而且语言要通顺，意思要明确。& eg. Do dogs wear shoes? Some police dogs in western Germany do. People made special shoes for them. Police say that these shoes can protect the dogs from broken glass.&翻译这句话时，必须把“do”翻译出来，否则意思不明确。根据上下文”do”表示穿鞋，所以整句翻译为：有些德国西部的警犬穿鞋。 那么，想做好这种类型的题，平时必须多下功夫，必须做到：&1.熟练掌握常用的词汇、短语、习惯用语和固定搭配的用法。&2.掌握各种句型结构。&3.掌握各种时态、语态及主谓一致原则。&4.具有用英语思维的习惯。&5.熟读课文，万变不离其宗，无论怎样变化，考试都离不开教材这个大的考纲。英语翻译技巧：英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异，因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难，需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。常用的翻译技巧有增译法、省译法、转换法、拆句法、合并法、正译法、反译法、倒置法、包孕法、插入法、重组法和综合法等。这些技巧不但可以运用于笔译之中，也可以运用于口译过程中。1.增译法：指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式，在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子，以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多，而英语句子一般都要有主语，所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候，除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或"There be…"结构来翻译以外，一般都要根据语境补出主语，使句子完整。英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。英语中代词使用频率较高，凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时，必须在前面加上物主代词。因此，在汉译英时需要增补物主代词，而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示，而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此，在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外，在汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语，以确保译文意思的完整。总之，通过增译，一是保证译文语法结构的完整，二是保证译文意思的明确。如：　　（1）What about calling him right away?马上给他打个电话，你觉得如何？ （增译主语和谓语）　　（2）If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations.要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊！（增译主句）　　（3）Indeed, the reverse is true实际情况恰好相反。（增译名词）　　（4）就是法西斯国家本国的人民也被剥夺了人权。Even the people in the fascist countries were stripped of their human rights.（增译物主代词）　　（5）只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯。While the magistrates were free to burn down house, the mon people were forbidden to light lamps. （增译连词） 　　（6）这是我们两国人民的又一个共同点。This is yet another mon point between the people of our two countries.（增译介词）　　（7）在人权领域，中国反对以大欺小、以强凌弱。In the field of human rights, China opposes the practice of the big oppressing the small and the strong bullying the weak.（增译暗含词语）&&&&&& （8）三个臭皮匠，合成一个诸葛亮。Three cobblers with their wits bined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind.（增译注释性词语）2.省译法：这是与增译法相对应的一种翻译方法，即删去不符合目标语思维习惯、语言习惯和表达方式的词，以避免译文累赘。增译法的例句反之即可。又如：（1）You will be staying in this hotel during your visit in Beijing.你在北京访问期间就住在这家饭店里。（省译物主代词）（2） I hope you will enjoy your stay here.希望您在这儿过得愉快。（省译物主代词）
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1. 你好！我是格林先生。2. 我们家要在暑假的时候去北京旅游。3. 你什么时候去伦敦？4. 你什么时候到澳大利亚？5. 妈妈，我能邀请我的朋友来我的生日聚会吗？答案不唯一
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据魔方格专家权威分析，试题“将下列英语译成汉语。1.Hello!ThisisMr.Green. 2.Myfamilyis..”主要考查你对&&翻译能力&&等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下：
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小学翻译能力的体现主要是简单句子，词组和固定搭配的中英文的互译。中文句子翻译成英文，英语词组的填空，和基本的语句中英翻译。翻译题注意事项：一般说来，句子翻译都有个明显的考查意图，要么是考查某个词的用法或习惯表达，要么是考查某个句型的结构或搭配，或者是考查某条语法规则的具体运用，等等。1、要注意英语的习惯表达以及英汉两种语言的不同之处。由于历史、文化等方面的原因，英汉两种语言在用词选句等方面有许多不同之处，这一点一定要引起足够的重视，千万不要用汉语的习惯硬套英语句型。2、不要逐字翻译。不少同学在做翻译练习中往往有逐字翻译的习惯。总之，在做句子翻译题时，要注意单词的词形变化，如名词的单复数；动词的时态、语态及非谓语动词；形容词、副词的比较级、最高级等。除了掌握正确的解题思路和技巧外，重要的是平时的积累，考试时的认真、细心、全盘考虑。句子翻译的常用技巧：
英语和汉语是两种差异比较大的语言，英语重形合，汉语重意合。有人把英语句子比喻为"树木丛生、干枝纠缠的树林"，脉络难析，主次难辨，而把汉语句子比喻为"枝干分明的竹林"，脉络清晰，主次易辨。翻译时，根据表达习惯，英语、汉语的句子结构有时需要进行相应的转换。英汉语复合句中主句和从句之间的时间顺序和逻辑顺序也不完全一致，因此，翻译时，也时常需要根据表达习惯，对句序进行相应的调整。
一、正反、反正表达法
由于民族文化和思维方式不同，英汉两种语言在表达同一概念时所采用的方式就有所不同。在表达否定概念时，英语和汉语使用的词汇、语法、语言逻辑就有很大的差异。汉语中有些词、短语或者句子是从反面表达的，而译成英语时则需要从正面进行表达，如例1、例2、例3。反之，汉语中有些从正面表达的词、短语或者句子，译成英语时需要从反面进行表达，如例4、例5、例6。此外，汉语还有一些特殊的句子结构，如双重否定(例7)、否定转移(例8)在译成英语时也需要引起我们的注意。
I.汉语从反面表达，译文从正面表达
例1：他提出的论据相当不充实。
译文：The argument he put forward is pretty thin. (词)
例2：我们确信，年轻一代将不会辜负我们的信任。
译文：We are confident that the younger generation will prove worthy of our trust. (短语)
例3：他七十岁了，可是并不显老。
译文：He was 70, but he carried his years lightly. (句子)
II.汉语从正面表达，译文从反面表达
例4：他这个人优柔寡断，而且总是反复无常。
译文：He was an indecisive sort of person and always capricious. (词)
例5：调查结果清清楚楚地显示病人死于心脏病。
译文：The investigation left no doubt that the patient had died of heart disease. (短语)
例6：这类举动迟早会被人发觉的。
译文：Such actions couldn't long escape notice. (句子)
III.特殊的否定句式
例7：有利必有弊。
译文：There is not any advantage without disadvantage. (双重否定)
例8：我们在那个城市从未因为是犹太人而遭受歧视。
译文：In that city, we had never suffered discrimination because we were Jews. (否定转移)
二、分句、合句法
很多情况下，翻译句子的时候，需要调整原来的句子结构，分句法和合句法是调整原文句子的两种重要的方法。所谓分句法就是把原文的一个简单句译为两个或两个以上的句子。所谓合句法就是把原文两个或两个以上的简单句或一个复合句译成一个单句。
汉译英时，需要分译的句子多数是长句，或者是结构复杂的复句。这种句子如果译成一个长句，就会使译文冗长、累赘、意思表达不清楚，也不符合英文习惯。如果采用分译，则会使译文简洁、易懂、层次分明。如以下五个例子：
例1. 少年是一去不复返的，等到精力衰竭时，要做学问也来不及了。(按内容层次分译)
译文： Youth will soon be gone， never to return. And it will be too late for you to go into scholarship when in your declining years.
例2. 她隔窗望去，突然发现有只小船停泊在河边，船里有位船夫睡得正香。(从主语变换处分译)
译文： Looking through the window, she suddenly spotted a boat moored to the bank. In it there was a boatman fast asleep.
例3. 声速随温度的升降会有轻微的增减，但不受气压的影响。(从关联词处分译)
译文： The speed of sound increases slightly with a rise in temperature and falls with decrease in temperature. It is not affected by the pressure of the air.
例4. 我们的政策是实行"一个国家，两种制度"，具体说，就是在中华人民共和国内，有着十多亿人口的大陆实行社会主义制度，香港、台湾地区实行资本主义制度。(原文出现总说或分述时要分译)
译文： We are pursuing a policy of "one country with two systems." More specifically, this means that within the People's Republic of China, the mainland with its more than one billion people will maintain the socialist system, while Hong Kong and Taiwan continue under the capitalist system.
例5. 我们主张对我国神圣领土台湾实行和平统一，有关的政策，也是众所周知和不会改变的，并且正在深入人心。(为了强调语气而采用分译)
译文： We want peaceful reunification with Taiwan which is part of our sacred territory. Our policy in this regard is also known to all and will not change. The desire for peaceful reunification of the motherland is taking hold in the hearts of the entire Chinese nation.
英汉两种语言的句子结构不完全相同，尽管英语句子日趋简洁，但是从句套从句，短语含短语的句型也是频频出现。一般而言，一个英语句子的信息包含量要大于一个汉语句子，因此，我们在做汉译英的时候，常常把汉语的两个句子，甚至更多句子，合译成英语的一句。使用合句法还可以使译文紧凑、简练。如以下三个例子：
例6：一代人与一代人之间的冲突，也就是年轻人与老年人的冲突，似乎是最可笑的。因为这就是现在的自己与将来的自己，或者说过去的自己与现在的自己的冲突。(在关联词处合译)
译文：A conflict between the generations between youth and age seems the most stupid, for it is one between oneself as one is and oneself as one will be, or between oneself as one was and oneself as one is.
例7：对我来说，我的水族箱就像我自己的一个小王国。我就是里面的国王。(从主语变换处合译)
译文：To me my aquarium is like my own little kingdom where I am king.
例8：第二天，我又接到一个电报。这个电报有34个字，比前一个电报说得更详细。(按内容连贯合译)
译文：The following day I received another telegram consisting of 34 ciphers, giving more details.
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