2013.12 英语六级考试真题试卷（第一套）阅读
2013年12月CET6全国大学英语六级考试真题试卷（第一套）在线考试――阅读部分，本站（）独家提供，转载请注明来源于本站！
第1页：2013.12 英语六级考试真题试卷（第一套）
第2页：2013.12 英语六级考试真题试卷（第一套）听力
第3页：2013.12 英语六级考试真题试卷（第一套）阅读
第4页：2013.12 英语六级考试真题试卷（第一套）翻译
第5页：2013.12 英语六级考试真题试卷（第一套）答案
Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.Some performance evaluations require supervisors to take action. Employees who receive a very favorable evaluation may deserve some type of recognition or even a promotion. If supervisors do not acknowledge such outstanding performance, employees may either lose their (36)______ and reduce their effort or search for a new job at a firm that will (37)______ them for high performance. Supervisors should acknowledge high performance so that the employee will continue to perform well in the future.Employees who receive unfavorable evaluations must also be given attention. Supervisors must (38)______ the reasons for poor performance. Some reasons, such as a family illness, may have a temporary adverse (39)______ on performance and can be corrected. Other reasons, such as a bad attitude, may not be temporary. When supervisors give employees an unfavorable evaluation, they must decide whether to take any (40)______ actions. If the employees were unaware of their own deficiencies, the unfavorable evaluation can pinpoint(指出) the deficiencies that employees must correct. In this case, the supervisor may simply need to monitor the employees (41)______ and ensure that the deficiencies are corrected.If the employees were already aware of their deficiencies before the evaluation period, however, they may be unable or unwilling to correct them. This situation is more serious, and the supervisor may need to take action. The action should be (42)______ with the firm's guidelines and may include reassigning the employees to new jobs, (43)______ them temporarily, or firing them. A supervisor's action toward a poorly performing worker can (44)______ the attitudes of other employees. If no (45)______ is imposed on an employee for poor performance, other employees may react by reducing their
well.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2 上作答。【参考答案】36-45 HLIJA FGNBKThe College Essay: Why Those 500 Words Drive Us CrazyA) Meg is a lawyer-mom in suburban Washington, D. C., where lawyer-moms are thick on the ground. Her son Doug is one of several hundred thousand high-school seniors who had a painful fall. The deadline for applying to his favorite college was Nov. 1, and by early October he had yet to fill out the application. More to the point, he had yet to settle on a subject for the personal essay accompanying the application. According to college folklore, a well-turned essay has the power to seduce(诱惑) an admissions committee. "He wanted to do one thing at a time," Meg says, explaining her son's delay. "But really, my son is a huge procrastinator(拖延者). The essay is the hardest thing to do, so he's put it off the longest." Friends and other veterans of the process have warned Meg that the back and forth between editing parent and writing student can be traumatic(痛苦的).B) Back in the good old days-say, two years ago. when the last of my children suffered the ordeal(折磨)--a high-school student applying to college could procrastinate all the way to New Year's Day of their senior year, assuming they could withstand the parental pestering(烦扰). But things change fast in the nail-biting world of college admissions. The recent trend toward early decision and early action among selective colleges and universities has pushed the traditional deadline of January up to Nov. 1 or early December for many students.C) If the time for heel-dragging has been shortened, the true source of the anxiety and panic remains what it has always been. And it's not the application itself. A college application is a relatively straightforward questionnaire asking for the basics: name, address, family history, employment history. It would all be innocent enough-20 minutes of busy work-except it comes attached to a personal essay.D) "There are good reasons it causes such anxiety," says Lisa Sohmer, director of college counseling at the Garden School in Jackson Heights. N. Y. "It's not just the actual writing. By now everything else is already set. Your course load is set, your grades are set, your test scores are set. But the essay is something you can still control, and it's open-ended. So the temptation is to write and rewrite and rewrite." Or stall and stall and stall.E) The application essay, along with its mythical importance, is a recent invention. In the 1930s, when only one in 10 Americans had a degree from a four-year college, an admissions committee was content to ask for a sample of applicants' school papers to assess their writing ability. By the 1950s, most schools required a brief personal statement of why the student had chosen to apply to one school over another.F) Today nearly 70 percent of graduating seniors go off to college, including two-year and four-year institutions. Even apart from the increased competition, the kids enter a process that has been utterly transformed from the one baby boomers knew. Nearly all application materials are submitted online, and the Common Application provides a one-size-fits form accepted by more than 400 schools, including the nation's most selective.G) Those schools usually require essays of their own, but the longest essay, 500 words maximum, is generally attached to the Common Application. Students choose one of six questions. Applicants are asked to describe an ethical dilemma they've faced and its impact on them, or discuss a public issue of special concern to them, or tell of a fictional character or creative work that has profoundly influenced them. Another question invites them to write about the importance (to them, again) of diversity-a word that has assumed magic power in American higher education. The most popular option: write on a topic of your choice.H) "Boys in particular look at the other questions and say. 'Oh, that's too much work,'" says John Boshoven, a counselor in the Ann Arbor, Mich., public schools. "They think if they do a topic of their choice, 'I'll just go get that history paper I did last year on the Roman Empire and turn it into a first-person application essay!' And they end up producing something utterly ridiculous."I) Talking to admissions professionals like Boshoven, you realize that the list of "don'ts" in essay writing is much longer than the "dos." "No book reports, no history papers, no character studies." says Sohmer. J) "It drives you crazy, how easily kids slip into clichés(老生常谈)," says Boshoven. "They don't realize how typical their experiences are. 'I scored the winning goal in soccer against our arch-rival.' 'My grandfather served in World War II, and I hope to be just like him someday.' That may mean a lot to that particular kid. But in the world of the application essay, it's nothing. You'll lose the reader in the first paragraph."K) "The greatest strength you bring to this essay." says the College Board's how-to book, "is 17 years or so of familiarity with the topic: YOU. The form and style are very familiar, and best of all, you are the world-class expert on the subject of YOU ... It has been the subject of your close scrutiny every morning since you were tall enough to see into the bathroom mirror." The key word in the Common Application prompts is "you."L) The college admission essay contains the grandest American themes-status anxiety, parental piety(孝顺) intellectual standards-and so it is only a matter of time before it becomes infected by the country's culture of excessive concern with self-esteem. Even if the question is ostensibly(表面上) about something outside the self (describe a fictional character or solve a problem of geopolitics), the essay
invariably returns to the favorite topie: what is its impact on YOU?M) "For all the anxiety the essay causes," says Bill MeClintick of Mercersburg Academy in Pennsylvania, "it's a very small piece of the puzzle. I was in college admissions for 10 years. I saw kids and parents beat themselves up over this. And at the vast majority of places, it is simply not a big variable in the college's decision-making process."N) Many admissions officers say they spend less than a couple of minutes on each application, including the essay. According to a recent survey of admissions officers, only one in four private colleges say the essay is of "considerable importance" in judging an application. Among public colleges and universities, the number drops to roughly one in 10. By contrast, 86 percent place "considerable importance" on an applicant's grades, 70 percent on "strength of curriculum."O) Still, at the most selective schools, where thousands of candidates may submit identically high grades and test scores, a marginal item like the essay may serve as a tie-breaker between two equally qualified candidates. The thought is certainly enough to keep the pot boiling under parents like Meg, the lawyer-mom, as she tries to help her son choose an essay topic. For a moment the other day, she thought she might have hit on a good one. "His father's from France," she says. "I said maybe you could write about that, as something that makes you different. You know: half French, half American. I said, 'You could write about your identity issues. ' He said, ' I don't have any identity issues!' And he's right. He's a well-adjusted, normal kid. But that doesn't make for a good essay, does it?"注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2 上作答。46. Today many universities require their applicants to write an essay of up to five hundred words.47. One recent change in college admissions is that selective colleges and universities have moved the traditional deadline to earlier dates.48. Applicants and their parents are said to believe that the personal essay can sway the admissions committee.49. Applicants are usually better off if they can write an essay that distinguishes them from the rest.50. Not only is the competition getting more intense, the application process today is also totally different from what baby boomers knew.51. In writing about their own experiences many applicants slip into clichés, thus failing to engage the reader.52. According to a recent survey, most public colleges and universities consider an applicant's grades highly important.53. Although the application essay causes lots of anxiety, it does not play so important a role in the college's decision-making process.54. The question you are supposed to write about may seem outside the self, but the theme of the essay should center around its impact on you.55. In the old days, applicants only had to submit a sample of their school papers to show their writing ability.【参考答案】46-55 GBAOF JNMLEPassage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.Among the government's most interesting reports is one that estimates what parents spend on their children. Not surprisingly, the costs arc steep. For a middle-class, husband-and-wife family (average pretax income in 2009: $76250), spending per child is about $12000 a year. With inflation the family's spending on a child will total $286050 by age 17.The dry statistics ought to inform the ongoing deficit debate, because a budget is not just a catalog of programs and taxes. It reflects a society's priorities and values. Our society does not-despite rhetoric (说辞) to the contrary-put much value on raising children. Present budget policies tax parents heavily to support the elderly. Meanwhile, tax breaks for children are modest. If deficit reduction aggravates these biases, more Americans may choose not to have children or to have fewer children. Down that path lies economic decline.Societies that cannot replace their populations discourage investment and innovation. They have stagnant(萧条的) or shrinking markets for goods and services. With older populations, they resist change. To stabilize its population-discounting immigration-women must have an average of two children. That's a fertility rate of 2.0. Many countries with struggling economies are .Though having a child is a deeply personal decision, it's shaped by culture, religion, economics, and government policy. "No one has a good answer" as to why fertility varies among countries, says sociologist Andrew Cherlin of The Johns Hopkins University. Eroding religious belief in Europe may partly explain lowered birthrates. In Japan young women may be rebelling against their mothers' isolated lives of child rearing. General optimism and pessimism count. Hopefulness fueled America's baby boom. After the Soviet Union's collapse, says Cherlin, "anxiety for the future" depressed birthrates in Russia and Eastern Europe.In poor societies, people have children to improve their economic well-being by increasing the number of family workers and providing support for parents in their old age. In wealthy societies, the logic often reverses. Government now supports the elderly, diminishing the need for children. By some studies, the safety nets for retirees have reduced fertility rates by 0.5 children in the United States and almost 1.0 in Western Europe, reports economist Robert Stein in the journal National Affairs. Similarly, some couples don't have children because they don't want to sacrifice their own lifestyles to the time and expense of a family.Young Americans already face a bleak labor market that cannot instill(注入) confidence about having children. Piling on higher taxes won't help, "If higher taxes make it more expensive to raise children," says Nicholas Eberstadt of the American Enterprise Institute, "people will think twice about having another child." That seems like common sense, despite the multiple influences on becoming parents.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2 上作答。56. What do we learn from the government report?A) Inflation increases families' expenses.B) Raising children is getting expensive.C) Budget reduction is around the corner.D) Average family expenditure is increasing.57. What is said to be the consequence of a shrinking population?A) Weakened national strength. B) Increased immigration. C) Economic downturn.D) Social instability.58. What accounted for America's baby boom?A) Optimism for the future. B) Improved living conditions. C) Religious beliefs.D) Economic prosperity.59. Why do people in wealthy countries prefer to have fewer children?A) They want to further improve their economic well-being.B) They cannot afford the time and expenses of rearing children.C) They are concerned about the future of the coming generation.D) They don't rely on their children to support them in old age.60. What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?A) To instill confidence in the young about raising children.B) To advise couples to think twice before having children.C) To encourage the young to take care of the elderly.D) To appeal for tax reduction for raising children.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Space exploration has always been the province of dreamers: The human imagination readily soars where human ingenuity(创造力) struggles to follow. A Voyage to the Moon, often cited as the first science fiction story, was written by Cyrano de Bergerac in 1649. Cyrano was dead and buried for a good three centuries before the first manned rockets started to fly.In 1961, when President Kennedy declared that America would send a man to the moon by the decade's end, those words, too, had a dreamlike quality. They resonated(共鸣) with optimism and ambition in much the same way as the most famous dream speech of all, delivered by Martin Luther King Jr. two years later. By the end of the decade, both visions had yielded concrete results and transformed American society. And yet in many ways the two dreams ended up at odds with each other. The fight for racial and economic equality is intensely pragmatic(讲求实用的) and immediate in its impact. The urge to explore space is just the opposite. It is figuratively and literally otherworldly in its aims.When the dust settled, the space dreamers lost out. There was no grand follow-up to the Apollo missions. The technologically compromised space shuttle program has just come to an end, with no successor. The perpetual argument is that funds are tight, that we have more pressing problems here on Earth. Amid the current concerns about the federal deficit, reaching toward the stars seems a dispensable luxury-as if saving one-thousandth of a single year's budget would solve our problems.But human ingenuity struggles on. NASA is developing a series of robotic probes that will get the most bang from a buck. They will serve as modern Magellans, mapping out the solar system for whatever explorers follow, whether man or machine. On the flip side, companies like Virgin Galactic are plotting a bottom-up assault on the space dream by making it a reality to the public. Private spaceflight could lie within reach of rich civilians in a few years. Another decade or two and it could go mainstream.The space dreamers end up benefiting all of us-not just because of the way they expand human knowledge, or because of the spin-off technologies they produce, but because the two types of dreams feed off each other. Both Martin Luther King and John Kennedy appealed to the idea that humans can transcend what were once considered inherent limitations. Today we face seeming challenges in energy, the environment, health care. Tomorrow we will transcend these as well, and the dreamers will deserve a lot of the credit. The more evidence we collect that our species is capable of greatness, the more we will actually achieve it.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2 上作答。61. The author mentions Cyrano de Bergerac in order to show that ____.A) imagination is the mother of inventionB) ingenuity is essential for science fiction writersC) it takes patience for humans to realize their dreamsD) dreamers have always been interested in science fiction62. How did the general public view Kennedy's space exploration plan?A) It symbolized the American spirit.B) It was as urgent as racial equality.C) It sounded very much like a dream.D) It made an ancient dream come true.63. What does the author say about America's aim to explore space?A) It may not bring about immediate economic gains.B) It cannot be realized without technological innovation.C) It will not help the realization of racial and economic equality.D) It cannot be achieved without a good knowledge of the other worlds.64. What is the author's attitude toward space programs?A) Critical.B) Reserved.C) Unbiased.D) Supportive.65. What does the author think of the problems facing human beings?A) They pose a serious challenge to future human existence.B) They can be solved sooner or later with human ingenuity.C) Their solutions need joint efforts of the public and private sectors.D) They can only be solved by people with optimism and ambition.【 |
版权所有：英语六级考试网 ，转载请注明来源。您的位置： &&&&&&&&&&&&正文
2013年职称英语考试真题及答案-理工类B级阅读理解第二篇
14:46&&来源：职业培训教育网
摘要：2013年已经结束，发现2013考试理工类B级真题阅读理解中一题为原文中第三十五篇文章！整理内容供考生参考！祝考试顺利！大家可随时关注职业培训教育网职称英语考试频道，我们将第一时间公布相关考试信息。
第三十五篇 Puting Plants to Work【植物效能】
提示：非新增文章
Using the power of the sun is nothing new. People have had solar-powered calculators and buildings with solar panels for decades. But plants are the real experts: They've been using sunlight as an energy source for billions of years.
Cells in the green leaves of plants work like tiny factories to convert sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into sugars and starches, stored energy that the plants can use. This conversion process is called photosynthesis. Unfortunately, unless you're a plant, it's difficult and expensive to convert sunlight into storable energy. That's why scientists are taking a closer look at exactly how plants do it.
Some scientists are trying to get plants, or biological cells that act like plants, to work as miniature photosynthetic power stations. For example, Maria Ghirardi of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in Golden, Colo. , is working with green algae. She's trying to trick them into producing hydrogen instead of sugars when they perform photosynthesis. Once the researchers can get the algae working efficiently, the hydrogen that they produce could be used to power fuel cells in cars or to generate electricity.
The algae are grown in narrow-necked glass bottles to produce hydrogen in the lab. During photosynthesis, plants normally make sugars or starches. &But under certain conditions, a lot of algae are able to use the sunlight energy not to store starch, but to make hydrogen.& Ghirardi says. For example, algae will produce hydrogen in an airfree environment. It's the oxygen in the air that prevents algae from making hydrogen most of the time.
Working in an airfree environment, however, is difficult. It's not a practical way to produce cheap energy. But Ghirardi and her colleagues have discovered that by removing a chemical called sulfate from the environment that the algae grow in, they will make hydrogen instead of sugars, even when air is present.
Unfortunately, removing the sulfate also makes the algae's cells work very slowly, and not much hydrogen is produced. Still, the researchers see this as a first step in their goal to produce hydrogen efficiently from algae. With more work, they may be able to speed the cells' activity and produce larger quantities of hydrogen.
The researchers hope that algae will one day be an easy-to-use fuel source. The organisms are cheap to get and to feed, Ghirardi says, and they can grow almost anywhere: &You can grow them in a reactor, in a pond. You can grow them in the ocean. There's a lot of flexibility in how you can use these organisms.&
1. What does the writer say about plants concerning solar energy?
A Plants are the real experts in producing solar energy.
B Plants have been used to produce solar energy.
C Plants have been using solar energy for billions of years.
D Plants have been a source of solar energy.
2. Why do some scientists study how plants convert sunlight carbon dioxide, and water into sugars and starches ?
A Because they want algae to produce sugars and starches.
B Because they want green plants to become a new source of energy.
C Because they want to turn plant sugars to a new form of energy.
D Because they want to make photosynthesis more efficient.
3. According to the fifth paragraph, under what conditions are algae able to use solar energy to make hydrogen?
A When there is a lot of oxygen in the air.
B When there is no oxygen in the air.
C When photosynthesis is taking place.
D When enough starch is stored.
4. Researchers have met with difficulties when trying to make algae produce hydrogen efficiently. Which one of the following is one such difficulty？
A It is not possible to remove sulfate from the environment.
B It is not possible to work in an airfree environment to produce hydrogen.
C It is not easy to make sugars instead of hydrogen.
D It is too slow for algae to produce hydrogen when the sulfate is removed.
5. What is NOT true of algae?
A They are easy to grow. B They can be a very good fuel source.
C They are cheap to eat. D They can be used in many ways.
　　答案与题解：
　　1.C 根据文章第一段最后一句的意思，c是正确选择：植物从来就利用阳光作为能源。
　　2.B文章的第三段说，科学家企图将植物或植物类生物细胞作为微型光合能源供应站来研究，并举例说，他们正在用绿藻进行实验，若成功，绿藻所产生的氢将可用来为汽车的燃料电池充电。所以答案是B。
　　3.B 文章第四段告诉我们：&algae will produce hydrogen in an air free environment.没有空气的情况肯定就没有氧气了。该段最后一句又说，是氧阻止绿藻制造氢。
　　4.D选项A、B都不是正确答案，因为短文的第六段告诉我们，remove sulfate和work in an air free environment都是可能的，但问题是两者都有弊端，使氢的制造不那么容易。D所述内容就是困难之一：绿藻细胞因为没有了sulfate而减缓工作速度，因此产生不了多少氢。
　　5.C 根据短文最后一段的描述，绿藻可以在任何地方生长，它们是很容易使用的燃料能源，而且用途广泛，所以，A、B、C都是正确的描述，不是答案。C是答案，因为&The organisms are cheap to get and to feed&中的feed是&养殖&的意思，不能解释为&吃&。
翻译：植物效能
太阳能的使用已经不足为奇。几十年前，人们就开始使用太阳能计算器，制造太阳能电热板镶嵌的建筑。但是植物当属应用太阳能的专家：十亿年来，植物一直把阳光作为能源资源。
绿叶植物细胞的工作就像微型加工厂一样，将阳光，二氧化碳和水转化为糖和淀粉，并且同时储存植物本身所需的能量。这种转换过程叫做光合作用。可惜你不是一株植物，必须困难的并且花上大价钱将阳光转换为稳定的能源。因此，科学家们正在对植株进行准确细致的研究。
一些科学家正试图像植物的作用过程一样，将植物，或生物的细胞活动看做微型光合发电站。例如，玛丽亚&奇若蒂在美国科罗拉多州的国家可再生能源实验室里对绿藻进行研究。她正想方设法的通过植物的产生氢来取代光合作用产生的糖。一旦研究人员了解藻类如何有效率的进行工作，由此产生的氢气可用于燃料电池动力汽车和发电。
在实验室里，藻类生长通过狭窄的颈玻璃瓶生产氢气的环境下。在光合作用下，植物通常产生糖类或淀粉。奇若蒂说：&但在一定条件下，有很多藻类能够利用日光能源产生氢气而不是储存淀粉。&例如，藻类会在空气存在环境下产生氢气。这是因为空气中的氧气，氧阻止绿藻制造氢。
藻类在空气中虽然可以工作，但是充满困难。这种方式不能切实可行的生产廉价的能源。但是奇若蒂和她的同事们已经发现，即使在目前的空气条件下，他们从藻类生长的环境中，除去所谓的硫酸化学品，能够产生氢来代替糖。
只可惜消除硫酸盐不仅使藻类细胞的工作速度减慢，而且大大减少了氢的数量。尽管如此，研究人员认为，对于实现有效率的利用藻类产生氢这一目标，他们已经迈出了第一步。随着工作量的加大，他们可以加速细胞的活动，从而产生大量的氢气。
研究人员们希望，总有一天藻类会成为很容易使用的燃料来源。藻类这种生物极易存活，他们可以在几乎任何地方成长。奇若蒂说，：&你可以将它放在一反应堆或是池塘里，也可以在海洋中找到它们，人们可以灵活的使用藻类的用途广泛。&
【】 责任编辑：糖
&&400元/门免费赠送上一年课程
&&600元/门报名/考试未过，下期免费
&&800元/门高清智能交互课件
&&1200元/门签署协议，不过退费
相关的信息
&&&&&&&&&&
2016年职称英语考试热点信息
特色班　　免费赠送上一年课程400元/门
通关班　　考试未过，下期免费600元/门
精品班　　高清智能交互式课件800元/门
实验班　　签署协议，不过退费1200元/门
特色班　　免费赠送上一年课程400元/门
通关班　　考试未过，下期免费600元/门
精品班　　高清智能交互式课件800元/门
实验班　　签署协议，不过退费1200元/门
特色班　　免费赠送上一年课程400元/门
通关班　　考试未过，下期免费600元/门
精品班　　高清智能交互式课件800元/门
实验班　　签署协议，不过退费1200元/门
　　1、凡本网注明
“来源：职业培训教育网”的所有作品，版权均属职业培训教育网所有，未经本网授权不得转载、链接、转贴或以其他方式使用；已经本网授权的，应在授权范围内使用，且必须注明“来源：职业培训教育网”。违反上述声明者，本网将追究其法律责任。
　　2、本网部分资料为网上搜集转载，均尽力标明作者和出处。对于本网刊载作品涉及版权等问题的，请作者与本网站联系，本网站核实确认后会尽快予以处理。　　本网转载之作品，并不意味着认同该作品的观点或真实性。如其他媒体、网站或个人转载使用，请与著作权人联系，并自负法律责任。
　　3、本网站欢迎积极投稿
　　4、联系方式：
电话：010-}