非限制定语从句中,先行词可以为,什么?可以用那些关系词来引导,怎么看在句中是什么成分,来进行填空_作业帮
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非限制定语从句中,先行词可以为,什么?可以用那些关系词来引导,怎么看在句中是什么成分,来进行填空
非限制定语从句中,先行词可以为,什么?可以用那些关系词来引导,怎么看在句中是什么成分,来进行填空
非限定性定语从句：非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明,通常和主句间用逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立
1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分 ,that不能用于引导非限制性定语从句
She asked for his help which he gladly gave. 她要求他帮忙,他愉快地帮助了她.
It was a century during which the country suffered continuously from wars. 一个世纪过去了,在这期间这个国家不断遭受战乱之苦.
Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变,这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处.
I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐,而他恰恰与我相反.
We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 刚好我们到的那天他们走了.
3. 有时as也可用作关系代词
4. 在非限定性定语从句中,用who, whom代表人,用which代表事物.
5.当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的.
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师.
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园.
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍.
6.非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数,
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦.
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发.
非限制性定语从句只是对主句内容,或先行词的补充、解释或附加说明.主句与先行词或从句之间一般用逗号分开,常常单独翻译.没有它,主句意思仍然完整.引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有as,which,who, whom,whose等,作定语从句的主语、宾语、表语及定语.关系副词有when,where等,作定语从句的状语.关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中一般不能省.
一、as引导非限制性定语从句时,可以代主句的全部或部分内容.常表说话人关于说话的依据、态度、评论、看法等.有“正如、像”等意思.定语从句可以置主句句首、句中或句末.as后常接expect,know,report,say,see等动词的主、被动语态句.
1． ____is known to everybody,the moon travels round the earth once every month．
A．It B．As C．That D．What
2．Mike,as we expected,attended the meeting．像我们所期望的那样,迈克参加了会议.
3．He wasn't unconsicious,as could be judged from his eyes．他并未失去知觉,这从他的眼神可以判断出来.
二、which引导非限制性定语从句的情况很多.
I．指代主句的全部或部分内容时,常表事实、状态、起因等,有“这就使得、这一点”等意思,常置主句末.主句与定语从句用逗号分开.
1．Dorathy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,of course,madethe others unhappy．
A．who B．which C．this D．what
II．指代先行词有多种情况.定语从句置先行词后面.
1．在“n．／pron．／num．．．．＋prep．＋ which”,“prep．＋which”定语从句里. 1）They talked about a movie,the name of which I've never forgotten．他们谈论过一部电影,我决不会忘记片名.
2）In Sydney the Chinese team got 28 gold medals,16．5 of which were won by women．在悉尼奥运会,中国队夺得了28枚金牌,其中16．5枚是女子夺得的.
3）China has thousands of islands,the largest of which is Taiwan．中国有数千个岛屿,其中最大的是台湾岛.
4）Chaplin went to the states in 1910,by which time he had learnt to dance and act in comedies．卓别林1910年去了美国,那时他已学会跳舞和演喜剧了.
2．表唯一性,或者就是指代先行词的事物时.
The dam,which is the biggest in the world,is 3,830 metres long．大坝长3,830米,是世界上最大的坝.
3．先行词是独一无二的事物时.
The moon,which doesn't give out light itself,is only a satellite of the earth．月球本身不发光,它只是地球的一个卫星.
4．先行词表示类属的事物时.
Football,which is a very interesting game,is played all over the world．足球是一项非常有趣的运动,全世界都踢足球.
5．先行词是专有名词时.
1）Three of the biggest man-made projects in the world are the Great Wall of China,the Pyramids of Egypt and the Aswan High Dam, which is also in Egypt．世界上最大的三项人造工程是中国的长城,埃及的金字塔和阿斯旺高坝,它也在埃及.
2）The Nile,which used to flood every year,now runs more regularly below the dam．尼罗河年年涨洪水,现在比较正常地在大坝下面流过了.
6．先行词是表人的职业、品质、身份等名词,作定语从句的表语时.主句和定语从句之间含有对比的意思.
Mike's brother is a policeman,which he isn't．迈克的哥哥是警察,他可不是.
7．先行词是形容词作定语从句的表语时.主句和定语从句含有对比的意思.
Li Ling is very clever,which Li Long isn't．李玲很聪明,李珑可不是.
8．先行词是集体名词表整体意思时.
My family,which has 35 people,is a large one．我家有35口人,是一个大家庭.
9．先行词是国家名词表地域概念时.
Last year he went to Egypt,which is in Africa．他去年去了埃及,埃及在非洲.
三、as,which是指代主句内容的非限制性定语从句时,表依据、评论与表事实、状态等没有多大差别,又在主句末时,有时可以通用.
1．He is quite pleased,as ／which can be seen from his face．他非常高兴,从他的表情可以看出来.
2．You always work hard,as ／which everyone knows．大家都知道,你一向勤奋学习.
但是,上面两句把定语从句置主句句首时,就只能用as.
3．This elephant is like a snake,as anybody can see．像任何人都能看见那样,这头象像条蛇.
4．Bamboo is hollow,which makes it very light．竹子是空的,这就使得它很轻. 在否定意义的非限制性定语从句里,一般用which引导.
5．He came to my birthday party,which I didn't expect at all．我完全没有想到,他来参加我的生日聚会了.
四、who,whom,whose等引导非限制性定语从句时,指代人的普通名词、专有名词等.表示正是或专指先行词等情况.在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语等.
1．Bob's father,who worked on the project,spent four years in Egypt．鲍勃的父亲从事这项工程,在埃及度过了四年.
2．Dad,this is Zheng Jie,who I knew in Paris．爸,这是郑杰,我在巴黎认识的. 这一句是用主格who代替宾格 whom.
3．His mother,whom he loved dearly, died in 1818．他非常爱戴他的母亲,她死于 1818年.
4．Mr King,whose legs were badly hurt, was quickly taken to hospital．金先生的腿受了重伤,他很快就被送去住院了.
n．／pron．／num．．．．prep．whom；prep． whom；in whose ＋n．；the ＋n．of whom等引导非限制性的定语从句.
5．He spoke of a pen-friend,the name of whom ／whose name I've never forgotten．他提到过一个笔友,他的名字我从未忘记.
6．About 2,000people,many of whom were Europeans,worked on the project．大约两千人从事过这项工程,其中很多是欧洲人.
7．In his office there are nine clerks,the youngest of whom is Mr Liu．他办公室有9个职员,其中最年轻的是刘先生.
8．I decided to write about Chaplin,one of whose films I had seen several years before．我决定写有关卓别林的文章,他的一部电影我几年前就看过了.
9．We went to hear this famous singer, about whom we had heard many stories．我们去听这个著名的歌唱家演唱.我们已经听说了有关他的很多故事. 品黄黑MYK
10．Mr Pattis,in whose office Ms King was working,was very surprised when he found out her secret．金女士在帕蒂思办公室工作.他发现她的秘密时感到非常惊奇.
五、when,where引导非限制性定语从句时,作定语从句的状语.when ＝and then, where ＝and there.why不引导非限制性定语从句.
1．He was quickly taken to hospital,where a doctor wanted to examine Mr King's legs．金先生很快被送去住院,在那里一个医生要检查他的腿.
2．We will put off the outing until next week,when we won't be so busy．我们把郊游推迟到下个星期,那时我们不会那么忙了.
3．He went to America in 1912,where and when he was noticed by an important film director．他在1912年去了美国,当时他在那里引起了一个重要电影导演的注意.
在prep．where ／when非限制性定语从句里,where ＝there,when ＝then.
4．His head soon appeared out of the second storey windows,from where he could see nothing but trees．他的头很快从第二层楼的一个窗户伸出来了,从那里他只能看见树木.
5．That was in 1929,since when things have been better．那是在1929年,从那时起情况就已经好转了.
6．I went to bed at ten,before when I was reading for an hour．我10点去睡觉,在那时以前我看了1小时的书.
有时候where ／when可以用prep．which替换.
7．The southern states wanted to set up a country of their own,where they would be free to keep black slaves．南方各州要建立一个属于他们自己的国家,在那里他们将自由地保留黑人奴隶.
8．I still remembered January 10,on which ／when he came to see me．我仍然记得1月10日,那一天他来看我了.
练习题：用所给的词语填空.少数可以用多次.
A．as B．which C．who D．whom E．whose F．when G．where H．by which time I．from which J．from whom K．north of which L．some of whom M ．the biggest of which
1．Dick is going to join in the football game,____was agreed at the meeting．
2．My brother had been an engineer,____ was what he wanted to be．
3．He reached Beijing in 1998,____, some time later,he became a professor．
4． ____is said above,the number of the students in our school has increased．
5．Write a letter to a friend,____has some difficulties with his studies．
6．There are four rooms in the house,____ is a drawing room．
7．We will move into the new house next week,____it will be completed．
8．When lost in work,he often was,____he would forget all about eating and sleeping．
9．He is a model worker,____we can learn a lot．
10．They had to delay the sports meet till next week,____the weather will be fine．
11．The workers,____stayed there for two years,came from Africa．
12．The building over there is a hospital,____ is a small river．
13．We shall have to make a decision about Ms King,____story I've just told you．
14．Mr Liu,____I spoke of just now, would go to Australia．
15．The Nile,____electricity is produced,now runs regularly below the dam．
Keys：1．A／B2．B3．G4．A（As）5．C6．M 7．H 8．A 9．J10．F 11．L 12．K 13．E 14．C ／D 15．I
在英语中,为了避免重复,句子中的某些部分经常省略,却给理解增加了困难.在近几年的高考试题中,省略现象也十分常见,其基本要点总结如下：
一、并列句中某些相同成分的省略.
This beeper works well, but that one doesn't (work well).
这个寻呼机工作正常, 但那个就不行.
I study at college and my sister (studies) at high school.
我读大学,我妹妹读高中.
二、在when, while, if, as if, though, until, once, whether, unless等连接的状语从句中, 常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词.
When (I am) in trouble I always turn to her for help.
当我有困难时总是找她帮助.
The letter is to be left here until (it is) called for. 这封信留在这里待领.
三、有形式主语it的主语从句可省略that.
It is an honor (that) I was invited to your birthday party.
我很荣幸被邀请参加你的生日聚会.
It is the third time (that)I have come to China.这是我第三次来中国.
四、在限制性定语从句中可省略作宾语的关系代词whom, which, that.
That is the naughty boy (whom/that) we talked about last week.
他就是我们上周议论的那个淘气男孩.
Is this the radio (that/which) you bought last Saturday?
这是你上周六买的收音机吗?
五、在direction(方向), way(方式), distance(距离), time(时间), times(倍数)等后面所接的定语从句中常省略that, which, in which.
The direction (in which) we move a body can be changed.
我们移动物体的方向是可以改变的.
The distance (which或that)light travels in one second is 300, 000 kilometers.
光每秒走的距离是30万公里.
六、命令句、惊叹句、部分第一人称的陈述句、部分问句和答句中省略最为常见.
Open the door! 开门!
Why not? 为什么不?
Why so? 为什么这样?
Anybody wishing to go? 谁愿意去啊?
七、用so, not或其它手段来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子.
— Can Emily do this work?埃米莉能做这项工作吗?
— I think so.我想她行.
— Did you know anything about it?这件事你以前知道吗?
— Not until you told me.你告诉了我, 我才知道.
八、在特定的上下文里, 为了避免重复, 作谓语、宾语或宾语补足语的不定式再次出现时, to后的内容常承前省略, 只保留不定式符号 “to”.
I don't go swimming now but I used to.
我现在不去游泳但我过去常去(游泳).
You can't work alone in the lab unless you are allowed to.
除非得到允许, 你不能单独在实验室工作.
注意：不定式to之后的动词是be或助动词have时, 要保留to后的be 或have.如：
China is no longer what it used to be. 中国已今非昔比.
— Have you told Allen about the concert? 你告诉艾伦音乐会的情况了吗?
— Sorry, but I ought to have. 对不起, 我本应该(告诉她的).
九、新闻标题要求简练醒目, 需根据上下文的语境推敲其省略部分.
Boy 14, rescued from cliff face. (A boy of 14 has been rescued from cliff face.)
从峭壁上救下14岁的男孩.
American President to fly to London. (American President is to fly to London.)
美国总统将飞往伦敦.
十、注意在一些固定短语中某些介词的省略.
They are (of) the same age. 他们年龄相同.
There is no use (in) explaining it to her any more.
再向她解释这件事是无用的.
单元交际功能
表示焦虑和担心
How terrible!
It makes me feel worried.
这让我感到很着急.
It makes my hair stand on end.
这令我毛骨悚然.
It makes me feel uneasy when I see her.
看到她使我感到不自在.
It's a frightening thing to kill so many miners in the accident.
那么多矿工在事故中遇难身亡,真是太可怕了.
I'm really frightened to death to see the snake.
看到蛇我吓得半死.
He got into a total panic when he saw the drowning child.
看到孩子溺水他慌作一团.
I dare not go out alone at night.
晚上我不敢一个人外出.
What's really scary is that the hurricane has caused so many losses.
真正令人恐惧的是飓风造成这么大的损失
定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，例如： This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性） The house, which we bought...
which,when who whom where as 这个问题只可意会，不可言传状语定语从句、状语定语、关系词,之间有什么必定联系吗?我已经弄懂状定从句：定语从句前有先行词（相关）状语从句没有定语和谓语：定语是修饰限制名词、代词等状语是表示 时间、地_作业帮
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状语定语从句、状语定语、关系词,之间有什么必定联系吗?我已经弄懂状定从句：定语从句前有先行词（相关）状语从句没有定语和谓语：定语是修饰限制名词、代词等状语是表示 时间、地
状语定语从句、状语定语、关系词,之间有什么必定联系吗?我已经弄懂状定从句：定语从句前有先行词（相关）状语从句没有定语和谓语：定语是修饰限制名词、代词等状语是表示 时间、地点的关系代词：关系词的选择依据在从句中所作的成分,先行词在从句中作主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词（who,whom,that,which,whose）；先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词（where地点状语,when时间状语,why原因状语）.定义知道了,谁能给我总结一下,结合例句.
定语从句 顾名思义由句子做定语（修饰和限定） 用来修饰名词,代词,名词短语,整个句子.(定语从句修饰那些词一定要记准 就是 名词 代词 名词短语 整个句子 而状语从句 从句要做时间 地点 条件 方式 让步 结果 原因等状语 )I won't forget the time when he lied to me.是定语从句I won't forget it when you away.是状语从句高考中,空前是名词的 定语从句的情况比较多.就是看空格所在的句子 是否是用来修饰名词,代词和整个句子的.he is a good boy who we all like 就是定语从句如果可以判断考察点是定语从句 如果从句中缺主语 宾语 指人选 who 、that (who居多) 指物选which /that （3种情况必须用which 7种情况选that 你只需要记什么时候必须用which 其他都选that 逗号后用which其他都选that ) 如果缺表语 无论先行词是人还是物 一律选that从句中缺状语 时间选when 地点选where (先行词是situation point position case job 一律选where) 先行词是reason从句不缺主宾表语 选why先行词是整个句子选which 但 从句在主句前必须选AS 就是几个特殊的句子 背下来就好as we all know as we expect这样的句子 AS 翻译成正如先行词前 有the same as such so 从句缺主宾表语 选as关系副词when/where/why=介词+which 、who 之人用who 指物 用which 介词需要看从去缺什么介词 the roof of which==whose roof 谁的选whose 注意语序如果懂以上 定语从句绝对不成问题 一个一个字打的
给我邮箱，我有一张很好的图片给你定语从句中的关系副词如何做能做状语？该如何用？_百度知道
定语从句中的关系副词如何做能做状语？该如何用？
地点和原因状语：I still remember the day when I first came to B关系副词可以由介词加上which来替换。when指时间, where和why，why表原因。That is the reason why I did the job，where= in which2) Do you remember the day when (on which) you joined our club.他父亲工作的那个工厂在城市的西郊。关系副词可替换.在这句中，它们在定语从句中分别作时间。The factory where his father works is in the west of the city：1)This is the house where (in which) I lived two years ago.我仍然记得我初次到北京的那天.那就是我为什么干这个活的原因。例如定语从句中的关系副词有三个.在这句中。例如，介词加上关系代：when?在这句中， where指地点，when= on which3) This is the reason why (for which) he came late
那么还是按照副词的结构吗？
还有这些状语应该用在什么语前面呢？
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出门在外也不愁定语和状语怎么区别?英语语法中定语从句和状语从句怎么区分?_作业帮
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定语和状语怎么区别?英语语法中定语从句和状语从句怎么区分?
定语和状语怎么区别?英语语法中定语从句和状语从句怎么区分?
定语从句 定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种. （一） 限定性定语从句 1. that即可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语,that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,which在从句中作宾语则不能省略.而且,如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边,但有的则放在它原来的位置 2. which作宾语时,根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系,先行词与which之间的介词不能丢3. 代表物时多用which,但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which,这些词包括all, anything, much等,这时的that常被省略 4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人,分别作从句中的主语和宾语,whom作宾语时,要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语 5. where是关系副词,用来表示地点的定语从句 6. when引导定语从句表示时间〔注〕值得一提的是,表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导,有时不用任何关系代词,当然也不用that引导 By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks. I still remember the first time I met her. Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc. 7. whose是关系代词,修饰名词作定语,相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格 8. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时,常用there is来引导 （二）非限定性定语从句： 非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明,通常和主句间用逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立 1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分 2. 在引导限定性定语从句时,that有时相当于in which, at which, for which或at which Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变,这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处. I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐,而他恰恰与我相反. We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 刚好我们到的那天他们走了. 3. 有时as也可用作关系代词 4. 在非限定性定语从句中,不能用that,而用who, whom代表人,用which代表事物. 一.定语从句及相关术语 1.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面.2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词关系词有关系代词和关系副词.关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等.关系词常有3个作用：1,引导定语从句.2,代替先行词.3,在定语从句中担当一个成分. 二.关系代词引导的定语从句 1.who指人,在从句中做主语(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略.(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略.(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 如果在从句中做宾语,就用whom或who.比如: He is the man whom/who I talk to. 如果是在从句中作主语就只能用who.比如: He is the man who has an English book.4. that指人时,相当于who或者whom；指物时,相当于which.在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略.(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?5. whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?(6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow? 三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时,从句常由介词+关系代词引导(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.(2) The school in which he once studied is very famous.(3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.(4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.(5) We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about.(6) We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.注意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如：look for, look after, take care of等(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T)(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)2. 若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that；指物时用which,不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)(2) The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (F) (3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)(4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)3. “介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities. 四．关系副词引导的定语从句 1. when指时间,在定语从句中做时间状语(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.(2) The time when we got together finally came.2. where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.3. why指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born. 五．限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句形式上 不用逗号和主句隔开 用逗号和主句隔开意义上 是先行词不可缺少的定语,不能删除 是对先行词的补充说明,删除后意思仍完整译法上 翻译成先行词的定语,“…的…” 通常翻译成主句的并列句关系词的使用上 A．做宾语时可省略 A．不可省 B.可用that B.不用that C．可用who代替whom C.不用who代替whom限制性定语从句举例：(1) The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on.(2) China is a country which has a long history.非限制性定语从句举例：(1) His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.(2) China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.要注意区分以下几个句子的不同(1) His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college. 他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学.（他还有其他的哥哥）(2) His brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college.他的哥哥是当医生的,常鼓励他要考上大学.（他只有一个哥哥） 六、判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一： 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词.及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词.例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you. 判断改错（注：先显示题,再显示答案,横线；用不同的颜色表示出.） （错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. （对） I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起.此两题错在关系词的误用上. 方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词.例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age? A. where B. that C. on which D. the one例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held. A. where B. that C. on which D. the one答案：例1 D,例2 A 例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held. 在句1中,所缺部分为宾语,而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用,只有the one既做了主句的表语,又可做从句的宾语,可以省略关系代词,所以应选D. 而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词where,又因 in the museum词组,可用介词in + which 引导地点状语.而此题中,介词on 用的不对,所以选A. 关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语,when 时间状语,why 原因状语) . 介词+关系词 1）介词后面的关系词不能省略.2）that前不能有介词.3） 某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换. This is the house in which I lived two years ago. This is the house where I lived two years ago. Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? Do you remember the day when you joined our club? 先行词和关系词二合一 1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here. (Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替) 2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school. (what 可以用all that代替) as, which 非限定性定语从句 由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句,as和which可代整个主句,相当于and this或and that.As一般放在句首,which在句中. As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 典型例题 1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.A. it B. that C. which D. he 答案C. 此为非限定性从句,不能用 that修饰,而用which.,it 和he 都使后句成为句子,两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接.况且选he句意不通.2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it 答案B.which可代替句子,用于非限定性定语从句,而what不可.That 不能用于非限定性定语从句,it不为连词,使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通.3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..A. that B. which C. as D. it 答案B. as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时,这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思,且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语.但不同之处主要有两点： (1） as 引导的定语从句可置于句首,而which不可. (2） as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时,从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词,则从句中的关系代词只能用which.. 在本题中,prevent由于是行为动词,所以正确选项应为B.As 的用法例1. the same… as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……. I have got into the same trouble as he (has).例2. as可引导非限制性从句,常带有'正如'. As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health. As is know, smoking is harmful to one's health. As是关系代词.例1中的as作know的宾语；例2中,它充当从句的主语,谓语动词know要用被动式. 关系代词that 的用法 1）不用that的情况 a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时. (错) The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here. b) 介词后不能用. We depend on the land from which we get our food. We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 a) 在there be 句型中,只用that,不用which. b) 在不定代词,如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时,只用that,不用which. c) 先行词有the only, the very修饰时,只用that. d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that.. e) 先行词既有人,又有物时.举例： All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题. Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察. 难点分析 （一）限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况1．当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时,或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时(1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said?(2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.(3) All that can be done has been done.(4) There is little that I can do for you.注意：当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用who(4) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.2. 当先行词被序数词修饰(1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时(1) This is the best film that I have seen.4. 当形容词被the very, the only 修饰时(1) This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy,(2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用who(3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting/5. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时(1) Who is the man that is standing there?(2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?6. 当先行词既有人,也有动物或者物体时(1) Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?（二）关系代词as和which引导的定语从句as和which引导非限制性定语从句,有相同之处也有不同之处.具体情况是：1．As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,代表前面整个句子.(1) He married her, as/which was natural.(2) He was honest, as/which we can see.2. as 引导非限制性定语从句,可放在主句之前,或者主句之后,甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后.另外,as有“正如……,正像……”的意思(1) As is known to all, China is a developing country.(2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.(3) John, as you know, is a famous writer.(4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don’t believe.注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时,常用which(5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.3. 当先行次受such, the same修饰时,常用as(1) I have never heard such a story as he tells.(2) He is not such a fool as he looks.(3) This is the same book as I lost last week.注意：当先行次由the same修饰时,偶尔也用that引导定语从句,但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同(4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding. 她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子.(5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子.（三）以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导,而且通常可以省略.(1) The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.(四) but有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句(1) There are very few but understand his idea. ( but= who don’t )(五) 区分定语从句和同位语从句1．定语从句修饰先行词,它和先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容,是补充说明的关系(1) The plane that has just taken off is for London. 定语从句(2) The fact that he has been dead is clear. 同位于从句2．定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导,关系词在句中充当成分,有时可以省略；同位语从句主要由that引导,在句中一般不做成分；句子也可以由when, where, how, why, whether, what等词引导,充当成分(1) The news he told me is true.(2) The news that he has just died is true.(3) The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money. 定语(4) The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.3. 同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子,而定语从句不可以(1) The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful. 同位语(2) The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.(3) The fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all.(4) The fact is that the earth moves around the earth.
你好好看看定语和状语的定义就清楚了不用去看他们的区别}