Citrus County chronicle ( June 18, 2006 )May 6, 2013
Today at the MAX conference we announced the latest generation of our creative tools now known as CC including Photoshop CC, Dreamweaver CC, Flash Professional CC, Edge Animate CC, and many others. As you may have noticed this announcement did not include updates to Fireworks CS6.
Over the last couple of years, there has been an increasing amount of overlap in the functionality between Fireworks and both existing and new programs like Photoshop, Illustrator, and Edge Reflow. At the same time we have shifted to focus our engineering teams on building smaller, more modular, tools and services for specific tasks in web design. Due to this overlap and as well as our change in our product development focus, we have decided not to update Fireworks to CC and instead will focus on developing new tools to meet our customers needs.
While we are not planning further feature development for Fireworks, we will continue to sell Fireworks CS6 as well as make it available as part of the Creative Cloud. We will provide security updates as necessary and may provide bug fixes. We plan to update Fireworks to support the next major releases of both Mac OS X and Windows. As more specific details on the next version of Windows and Mac OS X are made available, we may adjust these plans.
We understand that Fireworks has one of the most passionate communities on the web, and that this change will be difficult to accept. Our goal in refocusing our development efforts is to build a new-generation of task focused tools that enable our customers to create great web content.
The Web Platform and Authoring team
Updated Q&A, Wednesday October 1, 2014
We appreciate all the comments following the announcement about the future of Fireworks and would like to answer a few of the common questions that are emerging:
Does Adobe care about Fireworks customers?
Absolutely – we understand that web designers love Fireworks
for it’s unique approach to page-based, stateful interaction design and rapid prototyping, and that it is an essential part of the web design process.
Why isn’t Fireworks being developed further?
Designing for the screen today is incredibly different to designing for the screen in 1998. As we considered adding new capabilities to Fireworks, we came to the conclusion that creating new, task-focused tools would better enable us to meet the future needs of web designers and developers.
What new tools is Adobe proposing to create for web design?
Adobe has embarked on creating a new collection of tools and services aimed at addressing the needs of today’s web designer – we’ve started with focusing on responsive layout, web animation and HTML, CSS and JavaScript code editing and are delivering new Edge tools to address these use cases. We are actively working on next-generation solutions for screen design and prototyping that we hope our existing Fireworks customers will love.
The show of support for Fireworks from the community has reaffirmed our belief that Adobe should continue to deliver dedicated tools for web designers – what follows Fireworks CS6 will be an revolutionary leap, designed from the ground up with the needs of the modern web designer front and center. To do this we need your help. We’d love to hear about how you work, what challenges you face, where you experience the most pain in your day to day design processes.
If you’d like to join us in the process of creating these new tools then please sign-up .
Will Fireworks continue to be available?
Yes, Fireworks CS6 will continue to be available as part of a Creative Cloud membership.
Should I continue to use Fireworks?
Yes, if Fireworks CS6 is part of your current workflow then there is no reason to make any changes to your use of the product.
The Fireworks forum will continue to be available to CS6 users. For issues other than those related to product ownership, please post your questions on the Fireworks forum.
Is Adobe really going to fix any of the existing bugs in Fireworks?
Adobe released an update for Fireworks CS6 in mid-2013 that addressed over 25 outstanding issues, including the “File not found” issue on Mac OS 10.8 often experienced when exporting from the Image Preview dialog.
Is Adobe proposing that existing Fireworks customers switch to Photoshop?
Photoshop is a major part of the design process, but we know that Fireworks offers something unique that has made it an essential part of the web designer’s toolkit. While Photoshop is continuing to add features and workflows to support web designers, whether or not it is a good replacement for Fireworks will depend on individual needs and preferences.
Copyright & 2015 Adobe Systems Incorporated.
All rights reserved.1495人阅读
JPA has 2 levels of caching. The first level of caching is the persistence context.
The JPA Entity Manager maintains a set of Managed Entities in the Persistence Context.
The Entity Manager guarantees that within a single Persistence Context, for any particular database row, there will be only one object instance. However the same entity could be managed in another User's transaction, so you should use either optimistic or pessimistic locking& as explained in
The code below shows that a find on a managed entity with the same id and class as another in the same persistence context , will return the same instance.
01.@Stateless public ShoppingCartBean implements ShoppingCart {
02.&@PersistenceContext EntityManager entityM
03.&public OrderLine createOrderLine(Product product,Order order) {
04.&&&&&&&&OrderLine orderLine = new OrderLine(order, product);
05.&&&&&&&&entityManager.persist(orderLine);&&
06.&&&&&&&&OrderLine orderLine2 =entityManager.find(OrderLine,
07.orderLine.getId()));
08.&&&&&(orderLine == orderLine2)&&
09.&&&&&&&&return (orderLine);
The diagram below shows the life cycle of an Entity in relation to the Persistent Context.
The code below illustrates the life cycle of an Entity. A reference to a container managed EntityManager is injected using the persistence context annotation. A new order entity is created and the entity has the state of new. Persist is called, making this a managed entity. because it is a stateless session bean it is by default using container managed transactions , when this transaction commits , the order is made persistent in the database. When the orderline entity is returned at the end of the transaction it is a detached entity.
The Persistence Context can be either Transaction Scoped-- the Persistence Context 'lives' for the length of the transaction, or Extended-- the Persistence Context spans multiple transactions. With a Transaction scoped Persistence Context, Entities are "Detached" at the end of a transaction.
As shown below, to persist the changes on a detached entity, you call the EntityManager's merge() operation, which returns an updated managed entity, the entity updates will be persisted to the database at the end of the transaction.
An Extended Persistence Context spans multiple transactions, and the set of Entities in the Persistence Context stay Managed. This can be useful in a work flow scenario where a "conversation" with a user spans multiple requests.
The code below shows an example of a Stateful Session EJB with an Extended Persistence Context in a use case scenario to add line Items to an Order. After the Order is persisted in the createOrder method, it remains managed until the EJB remove method is called. In the addLineItem method , the Order Entity can be updated because it is managed, and the updates will be persisted at the end of the transaction.
The example below contrasts updating the Order using a transaction scoped Persistence Context verses an extended Persistence context. With the transaction scoped persistence context, an Entity Manager find must be done to look up the Order, this returns a Managed Entity which can be updated. With the Extended Persistence Context the find is not necessary. The performance advantage of not doing a database read to look up the Entity, must be weighed against the disadvantages of memory consumption for caching, and the risk of cached entities being updated by another transaction.& Depending on the application and the risk of contention among concurrent transactions this may or may not give better performance / scalability.
JPA second level (L2) caching
JPA second level (L2) caching shares entity state across various persistence contexts.
JPA 1.0 did not specify support of a second level cache, however, most of the persistence providers provided support for second level cache(s). JPA 2.0 specifies support for basic cache operations with the new Cache API, which is accessible from the EntityManagerFactory, shown below:
If L2 caching is enabled, entities not found in persistence context, will be loaded from L2 cache, if found.
The advantages of L2 caching are:
avoids database access for already loaded entities
faster for reading frequently accessed& unmodified entities
The disadvantages of L2 caching are:
memory consumption for large amount of objects
Stale data for updated objects
Concurrency for write (optimistic lock exception, or pessimistic lock)
Bad scalability for frequent or concurrently updated entities
You should configure L2 caching for entities that are:
read often
modified infrequently
Not critical if stale
You should protect any data that can be concurrently modified with a locking strategy:
Must handle optimistic lock failures on flush/commit
configure expiration, refresh policy to minimize lock failures
The Query cache is useful for queries that are run frequently with the same parameters, for not modified tables.
The EclipseLink JPA persistence provider caching Architecture
The& EclipseLink caching Architecture is shown below.
Support for second level cache in EclipseLink is turned on by default, entities read are L2 cached. You can disable the L2 cache. EclipseLink caches entities in L2, Hibernate caches entity id and state in L2. You can configure caching by Entity type or Persistence Unit with the following configuration parameters:
Cache isolation, type, size, expiration, coordination, invalidation,refreshing
Coordination (cluster-messaging)
Messaging: JMS, RMI, RMI-IIOP, &
Mode: SYNC, SYNC+NEW, INVALIDATE, NONE
The example below shows configuring the L2 cache for an entity using the @Cache annotation
The Hibernate JPA persistence provider caching Architecture
The Hibernate JPA persistence provider caching architecture is different than EclipseLink: it is not configured by default, it does not cache enities just id and state, and you can plug in different L2 caches. The diagram below shows the different L2 cache types that you can plug into Hibernate.
The configuration of the cache depends on the type of caching plugged in. The example below shows configuring the hibernate L2 cache for an entity using the @Cache annotation
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