虚拟语气条件句中be动词都用were嘛？_百度知道
虚拟语气条件句中be动词都用were嘛？
我会按时采纳的，I would go，too 用所给词的适当形式填空。先谢过了If everyone ____(invite)
提问者采纳
I would go，正式用语中用 were .(= 如果大家都受邀请了对，我将也去), too；If everyone were invited；原句中的动词填 were invited
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出门在外也不愁高考英语之虚拟语气归纳整理_百度百科
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英语的动词有三种语气形式，即陈述语气、和。陈述语气用来说明事实或就事实提出询问，可用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中；祈使语气用于表示请求、命令、建议或警告等。虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种特殊形式，用来表达假设、主观愿望、猜测、建议、可能或空想等非真实情况。如：分&&&&类陈述语气、和作&&&&用用来表达假设、主观愿望等
He is honest. 他很诚实。 （陈述语气）
Don‘t be late next time. 下次别迟到。 （祈使语气）
If I were you ，I would not go. 我要是你，我就不会去。 （虚拟语气）
I wish I had a lot of money. 要是我有很多很多钱就好了。 （虚拟语气）虚拟语气在条件句中的用法：
条件句有真实条件句和虚拟条件句两种。真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发生的，此时主句不用虚拟语气；而虚拟条件句则表示一种假想，与事实相反或不大可能会发生，此时用虚拟语气。如：
If I have time，I will go. 假若我有时间，我就去。 （陈述语气） If I were you，I would go. 假若我是你，我就去。 （虚拟语气 ）
主句谓语形式
条件句的谓语形式
与现在事实相反
would/should/could/might+ V原形
动词过去式 did
*be 多用were
1. If I were you, I should study English.
2. I would certainly go if I had time.
与过去事实相反
would/should/could/might + have done
动词过去完成式
1. If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the test.
2. If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the train.
与将来事实相反
would/should/could/might + V原形
①动词过去式
②should +V原
③were + to do
1.If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting. ①
2. If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.③
*规律总结：从句都往过去推一个时态，如：与现在相反的if从句就用过去时；与过去相反用过去完成时（即过去的过去）
注：特别说明
1、l would/should/could/might主句谓语中的should主要用于第一人称后；would表示结果还表示过去经常常常做某事，might表示可能性，could表示能力、允许或可能性。比较：
If you tried again ，you would succeed. 要是你再试一试，你就会成功的。 (would表结果)
If you tried again， you might succeed. 要是你再试一试，你可能会成功的。 (might表可能)
If you tried again ，you could succeed. 要是你再试一试，你就能成功了。(could表能力)
2、错综时间虚拟条件句 即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句即指的是现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境情况，结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整：
If it had rained last night, the ground would be wet now. 要是昨晚下过雨的话，现在地面就会是湿的。
You would be much better now if you had taken my advice. 假若你当时听我的话，你现在就会好多了。
3、If虚拟条件句的否定（含蓄条件句） 常考两个句型：If it weren’t for…和If it hadn’t been for…，其意为“若不是(有)” “要不是”。如：
If it weren’t for water, no plant could grow. 要是没有水植物就无法生长。
If it hadn’t been for your assistance ，we wouldn’t have succeeded.
=But for your assistance ，we wouldn’t have succeeded.
=Without your assistance ，we wouldn’t have succeeded.如果没有你的帮助，我们不会成功的。
4、If虚拟条件句的倒装形式，即把were, had, should置于句首。例：
Were I in school again (= If I were in school again), I would work harder.如果我能再上一次学，我会学习得更努力。
Had you asked me, I would have told you. (=If you had asked me,…)如果你问我，我会告诉你。使用虚拟语气的常见结构或从句：
1.*wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于：hope表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气。wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较：
（1） We hope they will come. (We don’t know if they can come.)
（2） We wish they could come. (We know they are not coming.)我们希望他们能来。
2.if only 与 I wish一样，也用于表示与事实相反的愿望，其后所虚拟语气的时态与 wish后所接时态的情况相同：
If only she had had more courage! 她再勇敢一些就好了。
If only I had listened to my parents! 我要是当时听了父母的话就好了。
If only she would go with me! 她要是愿意和我一道去就好了!
*if only 通常独立使用，没有主句。
3.l would rather后句子用虚拟语气 只分现在和过去
在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon后的that从句中, 句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气， 表示"宁愿做什么" ，具体用法为：
①　一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望
I’d rather you went tomorrow (now). 我宁愿你明天(现在)去。
②　用过去完成时表过去的愿望
I’d rather you hadn’t said it. 我真希望你没有这样说过。
4.l as if (though)从句用虚拟语气
以as if (as though)引导的或表语从句，有时用虚拟语气,则与wish用法相同，例：
He acts as if he knew me. 他显得认识我似的。
They treat me as though I were a stranger. 他们待我如陌生人。
He talks as if he had been abroad. 他说起话来好像曾经出过国。
注：两点说明
(1) 从句所表示的内容若为事实或可能为事实，也可用陈述语气：
It looks as if we’ll be late. 我们似乎要迟到了。
(2) 注意 It isn’t as if…的翻译：
It isn’t as if he were poor. 他不像穷的样子(或他又不穷)。从句中should+动词原形，should可省略
1. 在 lest ，for fear that( 以免) ,in case(以防)引导的中的虚拟语气
She walked quietly lest she (should)wake up her roommates. 她走得很轻以免吵醒她的室友。
2. 表应当做 值得做 一类动词后的宾语从句
建议advise, suggest, propose, recommend命令order, command
请求ask, demand, require, request指示direct
督促urge提议move, vote
希望desire坚持insist
打算intend安排arrange
I insisted that he (should)stay. 我坚持要他留下。
He urged that they go to Europe. 他督促他们到欧洲去。
He suggested that we shouldleave early. 他建议我们早点动身。
He ordered that it (should)be sent back. 他命令把它送回去。
I ask that he leave. 我要求他走开。
He requires that I (should)appear. 他要求我出场。
I move that we accept the proposal. 我提议通过这项提案。
He arranged that I should go abroad. 他安排我去国外。
She desires that he do it. 她希望他做此事。
The general directed that the prisoners should be set free. 将军指示释放那些俘虏。
*suggest表“暗示”insist表“坚持说”时不用虚拟语气
He insisted that Ihad read his letter. 他坚持说我看过他的信。
He insisted that I should read his letter. 他坚持要我看他的信。
He suggested that we (should) stay for dinner. 他建议我们留下吃饭。
I suggested that you had a secret understanding with him. 我觉得你与他心照不宣。
3. order,suggestion,idea,plan, proposal, advice, demand等名词后的表语从句或同位语从句
Our suggestion is that you（ should）be the first to go． 我们的建议是你应该第一个去。
4.*advice, agreement, command, decision, decree, demand, determination, indication, insistence, order, preference, proposal, request, requirement, stipulation, suggestion, idea, plan, order
l “It is (was)+ 紧急 重要-- 带感情色彩
上述demand/suggest等动词过去分词 或
important,natural,strange ,necessary，surprised, appropriate等形容词 后的主语从句
1. It is ordered that the army (should) get there by 4 a.m.
2. It is necessary that she (should) be sent there at once.
注：*It is necessary，important，strange，natural， advisable, anxious, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative(绝对必要), impossible, improper, obligatory, possible, preferable, probable, recommended, urgent, vital etc. ；it is a pity；It is requested/suggested/desired/proposedIt’s time后的从句用虚拟语气
从句谓语通常用过去式表示 (早)该干某事了
*有时也用过去进行时或“should+动词原形”(较少见，且should不能省略)
ex. It’s time we went [were going, should go]. 我们该走了。
It’s time I was in bed. 我该上床睡了。(不用were)
It's time = It is (the very/high/right/about) time表示祝愿话语中也可以用虚拟语气。
May godbless you.愿上帝保佑你。
May you enjoy many years of health and happiness.祝您健康长寿美满幸福。在少数句型中，谓语用虚拟语气。
1）由that引导的句子（表示愿望或沮丧情绪）
That the rain would stop.但愿雨能停下来。
2）由would that引导的句子（表示但愿）
Would that he were gone.但愿他已走掉。
3）由to think引导的句子（表示没想到）
To think that I trusted him.没想到我竟然信了他。1.表示与现在事实相反的愿望
构成：主语 + wish (that) + 从句主语 + 动词过去式 （be 一律用were）
例如：I wish I knew everything in the world.我希望我知道世界上所有的事。
I wish that the experiment were a success.我希望这个实验是成功的。
We wish we had wings.我们希望有翅膀。
2.表示与过去事实相反的愿望
构成：主语 + wish (that) + 从句主语 + would/could + have + 过去分词或had + 过去分词
例如：I wish that you hadcome yesterday.我希望你昨天来过。
I wish that I could have gone with you last night.我希望我昨晚能和你一起去。
I didn’t go to the party, but I do wish I had been there.我没有去参加晚会，但是我真的希望我去过那里。
3.表示将来不大可能实现的愿望
构成：主语 + wish (that) + 从句主语 + would/should/could/might + 原形动词
例如：I wish that he could try again.我希望他能再次尝试。
I wish that someday I should live on the moon.
We wish that they would come soon.
II. ASif 引出的虚拟。
As if….表好像……我们经常会利用一下句型来表达不能实现的虚拟状态：It is as if……。 (就好象是……)
As if + 从句， 主句。 （好像…… Sb.+ do…）表达一种假设的条件。而 As if 之后的假设内容的语法结构和wish虚拟的结构一样。
L. 33 A Day to Remember 句， “As if this were not enough to reduce you to tears, your husband arrives.” 就利用了和现在事实相反的假设虚拟。北京新东方名师指出，要善于总结出一些学习语法的技巧，如利用对比，举例等方法进行学习。
注：Something is to happened，I'm to face it。使用虚拟条件句时要注意的几点：
1．当表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“”，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。如：
If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now.
If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now, and you would graduate from a college in four years’ time.
2．if 省略句
在条件句中可省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首 , 变为倒装句式。如：
If I were at school again, I would study harder.
→ Were I at school again, I would study harder.
If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus.
→ Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus.
If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.
→ Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.
注意：若省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式时，不能用动词的缩略形式。如：我们可以说：Were it not for the expense, I would go abroad now. 但不能说：Weren't it for the expense, I would go abroad now.
3．用介词短语代替。常用的介词有with, without, but for。如：
What would you do with a million dollars? ( = if you had a million dollars)
We couldn't have finished the work ahead of time without your help. ( = if we hadn't got your help)
But for the rain ( = If it hadn't been for the rain ), we would have finished the work.
4．含蓄条件句
有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来代替条件句。
I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meet. (副词)
He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it. (连词)
A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days. （定语从句）
I might have given you more help, but I was too busy. (连词)
Everything taken into consideration, they would have raiser their output quickly. ()
混合型与含蓄型虚拟语气
1。混合型虚拟语气：
当虚拟条件从句与结果主语所表达的时间不一致时，被称为“混合条件句”，这种虚拟语气被称为“混合型虚拟语气”，动词的形式要根据它所表达的时间作相应调整。如：
If you had followedthe doctor's advice ,he would be all right now.(条件从句表达的时间是过去，因此用had+过去分词；主句表示的时间是现在，因此用would+动词原形)
2.含蓄型虚拟语气：
有时候，虚拟条件不是通过if引导的条件句来表示，而是暗含在上下文中
（1）.用but for 、without(如果没有）等来代替条件从句，如
Without electricity human life would be quite different=If there were no electricity ,human life would be quite different
(2) 用otherwise、or(or else),even though等表示与上文的情况相反，从而引出。如：
I lost your address.Otherwise,I would have visited you long before. =I lost your address.If I hadn't lost your address ,I would have visited you long before.
(3) 虚拟条件通过but暗示出来。如：
He would have given you more help,but he was too busy
他本来会给你更多的帮助，但是他太忙了。也就是说，如果那时他不忙，他可以给你更多的帮助。句中but he was too busy实际上暗示了一个虚拟条件——如果那时他不忙
He would lose weight,but he eats too much
他本来可以减肥的，但是他吃的太多了。也就是说，如果他吃得不多的话，他是可以减肥的。句中的but he eats too much实际上暗示了一个虚拟条件——如果他吃得不多。
新手上路我有疑问投诉建议参考资料 查看清新--中国百强中学新余一中邹桂芽中学英语名师工作室
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适用于高一学生的语法--虚拟语气
上传: 徐新华 &&&&更新时间： 12:21:04
虚拟语气是英语动词的一种特殊形式，表示说话人主观上所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、建议、请求、命令、空想、猜测，必要性和可能性等。虚拟语气是英语学习中一个难点，也是大学英语测试中的重要的语法考点之一。测试内容涉及到虚拟语气的方方面面------从在含非真实条件的主从句中的应用，到在各种从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、状语从句、定语从句)中的应用。由于虚拟语气表达的是一种与事实相反的行为状态，其谓语动词的变化不同于陈述语气，这也是大家感到困惑和容易出错的地方。解此类试题时，关键是要迅速发现解题信息词，确定虚拟语气类型，然后按各类虚拟语气的特定表达方式，或根据结构或题句中的其他暗示，确定动词的形式。
(一)虚拟条件句
一、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的应用
非真实条件句表示不大可能或不可能发生或实现的的假设，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的时态可用以下内容表示：
1、虚拟现在时(与现在事实相反),从句谓语形式用动词的过去式(be一般用were)，主句谓语形式Should(would,could,might)+动词原形
2、虚拟过去时(与过去事实相反)，从句谓语形式用Had+过去分词，主句谓形式Should(would,could,might)+have+过去分词
3、虚拟将来时(与将来事实相反)，从句谓形式用动词的一般过去式，或were to +动词原形或should+动词原形，主句谓语形式 hould(would,could,might)动词原形
1：If the whole operation______beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost.
A )was not planned
B)has not been planned
C)had not been planned
D)were not planned
2、Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she _____a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.
A)has to get
B)were to get
D)could have got
解析：1、答案C。由主句的谓语动词would have been lost 可以判断，本题考查的是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的用法，if 引导的从句须用过去完成时，故C项为正确答案。本句题意是：如果整个手术不提前安排的话，那就要浪费大量的时间和金钱。
2、答案B。because引导的原因状语从句中有一个虚拟结构，if 条件从句谓语动词的时态应与wouldn&t be able to 对应，表示与将来事实相反的虚拟，条件从句的谓语应用should或were to +动词原形，因此B项正确。本题句意是：吉恩并不想马上去上班，因为好考虑到一旦上班，她很可能不能经常见到她的朋友们。
二、错综时间虚拟语气
在表示虚拟语气的句子中，条件从句表示的的动作与主句表示的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时，谓语动词的形式要根据各自表示的时间来调整，这种现象叫作错综时间虚拟语气，也称作混合虚拟语气。
If you had taken your medicine yesterday, you would be quite all right now.
如果你昨天吃了药的话，现在就已经痊愈了。(从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，主句则表示与现在事实相反。)
经典练习：
1、If I hadn&t stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you____now.
A) couldn&t have smiled
B) wouldn&t be smiling
C) didn&t smile
D) won&t smile
2、____for the timely investment from the general public, our company would not be so thriving as it is.
A) Had it not been
B) Were it not
C) Be it not
D) Should it not be
3、If he knew this, it____be by accident.
A) would have to
B) didn&t to
C) won&t have to
D) woud have had to
解析1、选B。从主句的时间状语now以及从句的谓语可知，本题为一错综时间虚拟语气，从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，主句则表示与现在情况相反，故B项为正确答案。
2、选A。根据本题句意逻辑，条件从句的行为发生在主句之前，须用过去时的虚拟语气形式，故A项为正确答案。同时，它是由把if省略，助动词提前而形成倒装。B、C、D三项均不合题意。本题句意是：要不是能及时从社会获得投资，我们公司也不会像现在这样繁荣了。
3、选D。由从句的谓语可知，本题为一错综时间虚拟语气，从句表示与现在事实相反的假设，主句则表示与过去事实相反的设想。故D项为正确答案。本句题意：假如他已知此事，那一定是偶然的。
三、省略连词if 采用倒装的非真实条件句
在书面语中，条件从句可以不用连词if, 而将谓语中的过去式were,had或should等移至主语之前，构成倒装。
例：Were you in my position, you would do the same.
假如你处在我的地位，你也会这样干的。
例：Had he come earlier, he would have met her.
要是他早点来的话，他就会见到她了。
四、虚拟语气在含蓄条件句中的应用
非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表示出来，只暗含在短语或上下文中，这种句子叫做储蓄条件句。常见的有but,for ,without等引导的短语，以及or, or else, otherwise, but 等后面的分句。
例：But for your help we couldn&t have succeeded in the experiment.
如果没有你的帮助，我们的实验室是不会成功的。
例：We could have done better under more favourable conditions.
在更有利的条件下，我们能够做得更好些。
经典考点：
1、____right now, she would get there on Sunday.
A)Would she leave
B)If she leaves
C)Were she to leave
D)If she had left
2、____for my illness I would have lent him a helping hand.
A)Not being
B)Had it not been
C)Without being
D)Not having been
3、We didn&t know his telephone number, otherwise we ____him.
A)would have telephoned
B)must have telephoned
C)would telephone
D)had telephoned
4、A safety analysis____the target as a potential dandger Unfortunately, it was never done.
A)would identify
B)will identify
C)would have identified
D)will have identified
1、答案选C。从句子结构可知，本题是表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气。主句的谓语是&should+动词原形&。同时，从句省略了连词if, 可以将were提前，构成倒装。只以C符合语法规则。本题意思：如果她马上动身的话，她可能在星期天到达那里。
2、选B。从句子结构可知，空缺处应填入表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件从句，并且将连词if 省略。此时应把虚拟语气的谓语动词提前。符合语法规则的只有B项。
3、选A。本题中otherwise引出的是一种与事实相反的假设条件，后面的句子应用虚拟语气。前一分句暗示了一个过去的时间，所以用不着would have done的形式，相当于If we had known his telephone number, we would have telephoned him.
4、选C。根据unfortunately后面直接陈述一个过去的事实，可以推断出第一个句子里含有一种&应该做某事而没有做的&虚拟条件。C项用于表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，正合题意。B、D不是虚拟语气。
一、虚拟语气用于主语从句中
在It is (was)important (necessary, desirable, imperative, advisable, incredible, urgent, possible, essential, natural, preferable, insistent, crucial, better, best, ridiculous, vital) that&能及It is (was) a pity (shame, wonder, must, suggestion, proposal, requirement, request, desire, order, recommendation) that&.,It is (was)desired (arranged, decided, ordered, proposed, requested, recommended, suggested, settled) that&等句型的主语从句中，其谓语用&should+动词原形(其中should可以省略)&来构成虚拟语气。
例：It is important that we (should)speak politely.
我们说话要有礼貌，这是很重要的。
例：It is essential that she these application forms be sent back as early as possible.
将这些申请表格尽快地反馈回来是很必要的。
二、 虚拟语气用于宾语从句中
当动词ask, arrange, beg, advise, command, deserve, direct,desire, demand,determine, move, prefer, propose, intend, request, require, suppose 等后面接宾语从句时，从句的谓语用&should+动词原形& 来表示虚拟语气。
例: The judge ordered that the prisoner(should) be remanded.
法官命令被告还押。
Mr.Chairman, I move that the money____for library books.
主席先生，我提议把那笔钱用来购买图书馆书籍。
经典练习：
1、It is vital that enough money____ to fund the project.
A)be collected
B)must be collected
C)is collected
D)can be collected
2、It is recommended that the project____until all the preparations have been made.
A)is not started
B)will not be started
C)is not to be started
D)not be started
3、The manager of the hotel requests that their guests____afeter 10:30 p.m.
A)couldn&t play loud music
B)don&t play loud music
C)shouldn&t play loud music
D)not to play loud music
1、选A)。本题中vital后的主语从句用&should+动词原形&的虚拟语气形式，省略了should，来构成从句的谓语，符合语法规则，为正确答案。
2、选D)。动词recommend表示&建议&，其后的宾语从句须用&should+动词原形&的虚拟语气形式，should可以省略。所以C为正确答案。
3、选C)。在本题中，动词request后的宾语从句用&should+动词原形&的虚拟语气形式，并且是否定形式。
一、 虚拟语气用于wish后的宾语从句中
动词wish后的宾语从句中，谓语动词须用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反或不大可能实现的愿望。通常有三种形式：
①对将来发生的事情表示祝愿或愿望时，宾语从句的谓语用：would(could, might)+动词原形。
例：I wish he would try again. 我希望他再试一次。
例：I wish I could be of some use. 我希望我能有点用处。
②表示与现在事实相反的愿望时，宾语从句的谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时。
例：I wish I wasn&t going to Paris.
例：I wish I knew how to program the new computer.
③对过去发生的事情表示遗憾或后悔时，宾语从句的谓语用&过去完成时或could/would have done&的形式。
例：I wish you had come to our New Year&s party.
二、虚拟语气用于would rather, would just as soon 后的宾语从句中。
would rather, would sooner, would as soon 和would just as soon等短语表示&但愿&、&宁愿&等意思，其后的宾语从句中的谓语要用虚拟语气，常用过去式或过去完成式表示与现在或过去事实相反。
例：I&d sooner she left the heavy end of the work to someone else.
经典练习：
1、Jean wishes that he_____that house last spring.
B)had bought
D)were to buy
2、I wish I ____longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.
A)could have slept
C)might have slept
D)have slept
3、I&d just as soon you ____those important papers with you.
A)dose not take
B)not to take
C)had not taked
D)did not take
4、I&d rather you____make any comment on the issue for the time being.
B)wouldn&t
D)shouldn&t
1、选B。主句的谓语动词是wish时，其宾语从句用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反或不大可能实现的愿望。从本题的时间状语last spring可知，表示的是过去的愿望。因此从句应用于过去完成时表示，所以选B。
2、选A。从句中时间this morning 可知，本题表示对过去发生的事情表示遗憾，宾语从句的谓语须用过去完成时或could have done形式来表示虚拟语气，所以A项为正确答案。
3、选D。would just as soon的宾语从句的谓语动词用过去时来表示虚拟语气，符合语法规则的只有D项。
4、选C。for the time being意为&目前&，表示现在的时间，因些would rather表示现在不可能实现的愿望，要求从句使用过去时来表示虚拟语气，其否定形式为&didn&t+动词原形&。所以C为正确答案。
一、虚拟语气用于表语从句及同位语从句中
当advise, decision, desire, demand, idea, order, motion, necessity, insistence, instrution, plan, preference, proposal, pray, recommendation, requirement, resolution, suggestion, understanding等名词后接接表语从句或同位语从句时，从句的谓语用&should+动词原形&的形式来构成虚拟语气。
例：The professor gave order that the test be finished before 7:30.
教授指示考试须在七点半以前结束。
例：The suggestion that the mayor present the prizes was accepted by everyone.
二、虚拟语气用于方式状语从句中
在as if, as though 引导的方式状语从句中，虚拟语气的形式是：用过去时表示与现在事实相反或或对现在情况有所怀疑；用过去完成时表示对过去事实的假设。
例：It seems as if it were spring.
现在好像是春天似的。
例：She appeared as if she had known nothing about it.
她看上去对此一无所知。
三、虚拟语气用于目的状语从句中
在lest, for fear that, in case 等引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词用&should+动词原形&来构成虚拟语气；在so that, in order that 等引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词除了用&should+动词原形&外，还可以用&might, could+动词原形&来构成虚拟语气。
例：She&s studying hard for fear that he should fall behind.
她努力学习，生怕跟不上。
四、虚拟语气用于让步状语从句中
在让步状语从句中，谓语动词多用动词原形来构成虚拟语气。
注：由even if 或even though引导的让步状语从句中，其从句的谓语动词形式与含有非真实条件从句的主从句中的谓语动词一样来构成虚拟语气。
经典练习：
1、Our idea is that the match____.
A)would put off
B)ought to put off
C)be put off
D)could put off
2、One of the requirements for a fire is that the material_____to its burning temperature.
A)is beated
B)will be heated
C)be heated
D)would be heated
3、That tree looked as if it _____for a long time.
A)hasn&t watered
B)didn&t water
C)hadn&t been watered
D)wasn&t watered
4、The business of each day, _____selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.
A)it being
1、答案选C)。根据虚拟语气的语法要求,that 从句中的动词用动词原形或&should+动词原形&的形式。所以C为正确选项。
2、答案选C)。requirement 后接一表语从句，从句的谓语用&should+动词原形&的形式来构成虚拟语气，四个选项中只有C符合。句意：产生火的必要条件之一是物质被加热到它的燃点。
3、答案选C)。as if引导一个表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的句子。主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，所以as if 后虚拟语气的谓语动词要用过去完成时，所以C是正确的。
4、答案选B)。be it selling goods or shipping them 是表示让步意义的虚拟倒装句，它是由whether it (might)be selling goods or shipping them这个句子省略whether后再将be 移至主语之前得来的。其它几项均不符合句子结构。句意：无论是售货还是运货，每天的业务都很不错
一、虚拟语气用于定语从句中
在It is (high, about)time(that)&句型中，that引导的定语从句中的谓语常用一般过去时来构成虚拟语气。
例：It&s about time that we put an end to this controversy.
现在该是我们停止这场争论的时候了。
例：It is time we went to bed.
我们该去睡觉了。
二、虚拟语气用于if only 引导的从句中
在if only引导的从句中，谓语动词须采用虚拟语气，其用法与wish后宾语从句的用法基本相同，表示&但愿&，&要是&就好了&的意思。
例：If only I knew what you wanted.
要是我知道你需要什么就好了。
例：If only he had arrived in time,he would not have been punished.
他要是准时到达就好了。
经典练习：
1、It&s already six o&clock now. Don&t you think it&s about time____?
A)we are going home
B)we go home
C)we went home
D)we can go home
2、If only the committee____the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible.
B)will approve
C)can approve
D)would approve
3、It&s necessary____the dictionary immediately.
A)that he will return
B)that he returned
C)that he return
D)that he has to return
4、She must have had an accident, or he____then.
A)would have been here
B)had to be here
C)should be here
D)would be here
5、I apologize if I ____you, but I assure you it was unintentional.
A)offended
B)had offended
C)should have offended
D)might have offended
1、答案选C)。在it&s about time that&..句型中，定语从句的谓语动词应用过去时来表示虚拟语气。所以C项是正确的。
2、答案选D)。if only表示一种愿望，谓语用&would+动词原形&表示对将来事实的愿望，所以D是正确的。
3、答案选C)。在由it is necessary 等引导的主语从句要使用虚拟语气，虚拟语气的谓语动词用&should+动词原形&或动词原形。
4、答案选A)。由or引出的是与事实相反的假设条件，因此空缺处应填入表示虚拟语气的谓语动词。前一个分句中表示的是过去的时间，所以后一分句要用would have done的形式。所以A是正确的。
5、答案选B)。本题中but分句中的it was 表明事情发生在过去，因此条件句应用过去完成时，表示与过
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