2016年10月自考英语二真题及答案00015
卷面总分：100分
试卷类型：历年真题
测试费用：免费
答案解析：有
练习次数：96次
作答时间：150分钟
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It is estimated that there are more than 8 million restaurants in the world today. So it might surprise you to learn that restaurants as we know have only existed for a few centuries. Before 1765, there were no restaurants. There was nowhere in which a server brought you food and drink that you chose from a menu. In fact, there was no menus anywhere.
There were places where travelers could eat centuries before that. The countryside was full of inns that would serve food. And there were bars where one could get a drink. The rich could also eat meals supplied by private cooks. But there was nothing that could be called a "restaurant".
A Frenchman changed that. In 1765, he opened a place in Paris that sold soups. On his sign, he used the term "restaurant" to describe what he was selling. Soups were considered "restorative", so he called them "restaurants". Finally, people started buying his soups even when not ill. And as time went on, people began to use the term "restaurant" to refer to the place where soup was sold rather than the soup itself. More "restaurants" opened up in France, and people began to buy soups more regularly.
Then, restaurants in Paris began to serve food other than soups. In the 1780s, menus started to appear. By the 1800s, there were many types of restaurants, and the restaurant concept was spread throughout the British Empire.
A slow start gave way to rapid growth. Cities and towns around the world are filled with restaurants today. It is estimated that there are 1.6 million restaurants in Europe. In America, there are nearly a half million restaurants. Today, diners have millions of choices.
Before 1765, travelers could have meals at a(n)_____.
C.restaurant
The first "restaurant" only served_____.
B.desserts
The word "restorative" (Line 3, Para.3) most probably means_____.
A.having a special flavor
B.making you happier
C.having a pleasant smell
D.making you heathier
The restaurant concept started in_____.
The best title for this text is_____.
A.Definition of Restaurant
B.Importance of Restaurant
C.Origin of Restaurant
D.Types of Restaurant
Being "Cool" in Middle School
A new study shows that gentle and quiet kids in middle school will grow up to rule. Or, at least, they'll live healthier and more productive lives than the "cool" kids will.
The study looked at 13-year-olds who acted old for their age by having "cool" behavior, such as early romantic relationships. They were seen as "cool" and popular kids. But as they grew up, things changed. The study found that these kids tended to have problems with drugs and relationships by their early 20s.Their behavior was no longer linked with popularity. Instead, they were thought to be less socially skilled by their peers. Besides, the average "cool" kids, by age 22, did more poorly than the average kids in the study. They had a 45 percent greater rate of problems due to drugs and alcohol. They also had a 22 percent greater rate of criminal behavior. The study also found that these kids failed to develop important life skills. They spent so much time trying to seem cool. They didn't develop the skills needed for meaningful friendships.
The study followed 86 male and 98 female middle school students for a 10-year period. It has some surprising findings. In particular, the study notes that the so-called "cool" behavior is a predictor（预示）of future problems with drugs and alcohol. In fact, it is a better predictor than drug and alcohol use in middle school. However, one conclusion of the study is welcome. Researchers said that parents shouldn't worry too much if their kids don't seem that popular. If a kid prefers to spend Saturday nights at home watching a movie or reading instead of going out with friends, that is not a cause for concern. Many "uncool" kids, they said, do much better later on than the popular kids do.
Gentle kids are less healthy when they grow up.
C.Not Given
"Cool" kids try to imitate adult behavior.
C.Not Given
Romantic relationships seem cool to some teenagers.
C.Not Given
"Uncool" kids are more likely to commit crimes.
C.Not Given
"Cool" kids have better life skills than "uncool" kids.
C.Not Given
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考试吧真是好平台，一边学习，一边工作两不耽误，还把证给取了。
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傅老师讲的数学好好，给我们讲了很多快捷计算的方法，数学是我名门，这次竟然考82分。
学员：郑晓龙（山东）
不错，第一次在网上学习，比在学校不差多少。
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学习方便，随时可以学习。不会可以在线提问，老师讲的很仔细。
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终于过关了，终于可以涨工资了，证书真的很重要。
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这网站不错，我要推荐给我的初中同学，英语是我们的命门。
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新版00015自考英语（二）各题型详解【很难得】
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&英语二是自考本科必考的一门课课程，也是众多专业的学士学位课程，需达到70分以上，英语二的难度接近大学英语四级，所以通过这门课很有必要。网上流传的复习资料大多是老版本的，找到这份详细的资料，也花了小编很长的时间。总之，大家认真复习吧，这份资料里含考试各个题型的分析，以及针对各题列举相关的试题和答案解析给大家。希望都可以通过这门课。如果感觉自己基础差，而英语二又必须通过，小编也建议这部分考生去报个培训辅导吧，毕竟有老师的讲解学习起来会好多。可以看下华夏大地教育网的自考英语二基础学习班辅导，￥100块钱，可试听。网址：&___________________________________________________________________&自考00015《英语（二）》串讲第一部分：课程介绍一、课程的基本内容本课程在完成“英语（一）”课程内容基础上，培养学生掌握系统的英语语言知识，包括正确的英语语音知识、系统的英语语法知识和一定的词汇量(4500)，并熟悉英语语言的表达方式。&二、命题“英语（二）”命题按照标准化测试要求设计。命题的广度和难度依据本大纲规定的知识范围和能力要求确定。部分命题素材取自《英语（二）自学教程》。统考以阅读和写作为主，听、说不做统考要求。考试题包括客观性试题和主观性试题，分别占卷面总分的55%和45%。试卷由七部分组成，包括：阅读判断、阅读选择、概括段落大意和补全句子、填句补文、填词补文、完形补文以及短文写作。现对试卷内容及结构分别说明如下：第一部分 阅读判断该部分要求考生能够理解文中明确表达的概念或细节，推断隐含表达的内容，理解全文主旨和作者所持观点态度；能够根据上下文推测生词意义，理解句间关系和语篇结构。该部分短文选自英语国家大众读物及旅游手册、操作说明等真实语料，根据语言难度作适当调整，对无法猜测而又影响理解的关键词，用汉语注明词义。所选短文题材覆盖广泛，涉及叙述、说明、议论等不同体裁。该部分要求考生在读懂1篇350词左右短文的基础上，对给出的10个句子所表达的信息作出判断，有的信息是正确的，有的是错误的，有的文中没有提到。该部分共10小题。每小题1分，共计10分。特别提示：与以往《英语（二）》的阅读理解设题形式相比，该题更注重文章中的细节。与四六级06年改革后的新题型中快速阅读的最初形式类似（Yes，No, Not given）。第二部分 阅读选择该部分要求考生：理解文章主旨和要义；把握文章的基本结构；理解文中说明要点的事实和细节；作出简单推理和判断；根据上下文推断生词的释义；领会作者的意图、观点和态度。该部分选用1篇长度350词左右的短文，题材包括人文、科技、经济、环境、卫生等热点话题，文中会适当给出个别生词的中文释义。短文后设有5个题目，要求考生从每题后4个备选项中选出最佳选项。该部分共5小题。每小题2分，共计10分。特别提示：与以往《英语（二）》的阅读理解设题形式基本相同。第三部分 概括段落大意和补全句子该部分包括1篇短文（400词左右）和2项任务：概括段落大意和补全句子。其中概括段落大意部分旨在考查考生宏观把握文章结构、概括段落大意和提取关键信息的能力。任务设有5或6个概括句或小标题，这 &些标题或文字分别是对文章各段落的概括和阐述，其中1个为干扰项，要求考生根据文章内容选出最恰当的段落大意或小标题。补全句子部分主要考查考生定位查找关键信息的能力。该任务设有5或6个不完整的句子和6或7个备选项（1个干扰项），所填内容一般为名词短语、动宾短语、形容词结构、非谓语形式或简短的从句等，要求考生把符合题意的选项填入空格，完成每个句子。该部分共10小题。每小题1分，共计10分。特别提示：与以往《英语（二）》的阅读理解设题形式，更注重读者的概括总结能力。补全句子部分需特别关注句子的结构特征。第四部分 填句补文该部分主要考查考生对文章语段特征（如连贯性和一致性等）的识辨能力以及把握文章结构的能力。要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，并具备运用语法知识分析理解长难句的能力。该部分选用1篇总长度约400词的短文，所选材料多是观点鲜明、条理清楚的说明文或议论文。要求考生在理解文章整体结构以及段落之间、单句之间关系的基础上，从所给的6个备选项中选出对应的5项（1个干扰项）。该部分共5小题。每小题2分，共计10分。特别提示：所需填的句子起着承上启下的作用，故应特别关注空格处的句子与前后句之间的衔接关系。第五部分 填词补文该部分考查考生对文章及语篇中词汇的理解能力。所选短文一般为250～300词，题材涉及科普知识、社会热点等。短文中留出10个词汇的空格，要求考生从所给12个备选单词中选择符合上下文语境的词汇填入相应空白处，使短文意思通顺、表达正确，2个非正确选项具有强干扰性。考查的词汇主要涉及名词、动词、形容词、副词等。短文首句不设置空格，两个空格之间会有一定间隔，以保证考生对篇章的正确理解。该部分共10小题。每小题1.5分，共计15分。特别提示：类似于四六级考试中的阅读理解的第一部分选词填空（即15选10），更注重句子结构的分析。第六部分 完形补文该部分考查考生综合理解和运用语言的能力。要求考生准确掌握词语拼写，熟练掌握派生、屈折变化等构词方法；具备语篇分析能力，能够通过上下文意义和文章结构对具体词语的意义、词性、时体和情态等方面的应用作出有效分析。短文选自英语国家大众报纸杂志，内容涉及传记、社会文化、日常知识、科普常识等常见话题。该部分要求考生在通读l篇约150词短文（被删除10个单词）的基础上，将与空白处对应的提示词转换成适当的词汇形式填入文中，使短文意义完整、语法正确。该部分共10小题。每小题1.5分，共计15分。特别提示：类似于以往考试中的词性转换的形式，注重句子成分的分析，同时注意上下文的连贯性。第七部分 短文写作该部分考查考生的书面表达能力。要求考生根据所给情境写出不少于150词（不计算标点符号）的文章。提供情境的形式有图画、图表、文字等。考生需要就具体或一般性抽象话题进行描述、阐释或说明，用词恰当，表达通顺；能正确反映客观情况，表达自己的观点：能准确使用所学语言知识，根据写作要求清楚、有条理、连贯地表达自己的意思。该部分1个题目，30分。特别提示：新增考项。特别注重考生的词汇的应用能力和基本句型表达能力。特别关注各种体裁作文的格式及常用句型，全面提高语言表达能力。&三、考试本课程的考试采用闭卷方式，统考采用笔试。考试时间为150分钟。试卷满分为100分，60分及格。本课程考试采用统一设计的答题卡。考生必须将所有试题的答案按要求填涂和书写在答题卡对应的位置。&四、教材本课程考试为英语水平考试，主要按照设定的标准考查考生的语言能力。必读书目为全国高等教育自学考试公共课《英语（二）自学教程》。考试命题虽不完全基于该教材，但它提供了本课程考试的内容和要求，是学习者和考生掌握英语和通过本考试的重要载体。&第二部分：各题型详解以大纲样题和三套自测题为例讲解第一部分：阅读判断（第1～10题，每题1分，共10分）下面的短文后列出了10个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，选择C，并在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。Passage 1 （选自大纲样题）When We Are Asleep①&&& Everyone dreams, but some people never recall their dreams, or do so very rarely. Other people always wake up with vivid recollections（回忆）of their dreams, though they forget them very quickly. In an average night of eight hours’ sleep, an average adult will dream for around one hundred minutes, probably having three to five dreams, each lasting from ten to thirty minutes.②&&& Scientists can detect when someone is having a dream by using an instrument which measures the electrical waves in the brain. During dreaming, these waves move more quickly. Breathing pulse rate also increase, there are rapid eye movements under the eye lids, just as though the dreamer were really looking at some moving objects. These signs of dreaming have been detected in all mammals studied, including dogs, monkeys, cats, elephants, also some birds reptiles（爬行动物). This period of sleep is called the “D” state. Babies experience the “D” state for around 50% the period reduces to around 25% by the age of 10.③&&& Dreams take the form of stories, but they may be strange with incidents not closely connected, which make little sense. Dreams are seldom without people in them they are usually about people we know. One estimate says that two-thirds of the “cast” of our dream dramas are friends relations. Vision seems an essential part of dreams, except for people blind from birth. Sound touch are senses also often aroused, but smell taste are not frequently involved. In “normal” dreams, the dreamer may be taking part, or be only an observer. But he or she cannot control what happens in the dream.④&&& However, the dreamer does have control over one type of dream. This type of dream is called a “lucid” （清醒的) dream. Not everyone is a lucid dreamer. Some people are occasional lucid dreamers. Others can dream lucidly more or less all the time. In a lucid dream, the dreamer knows that he is dreaming.1.Some people dream but cannot remember their dreams.A. True& &&&B. False& &C. Not Given【答案】A【解析】根据第一段的第一句话Everyone dreams, but some people never recall their dreams, or do so very rarely.可知，该说法正确。注意题干表述是对原文某些句子的同义转述，如cannot代替了never，remember代替了recall。2.& In an average night of eight hours’ sleep, males dream longer than females.A. True& &&&B. False& &C. Not Given【答案】C【解析】根据题干中的in an average night of eight hours’ sleep可以快速定位在第一段的第三句话：In an average night of eight hours’ sleep, an average adult will dream for around one hundred minutes, probably having three to five dreams, each lasting from ten to thirty minutes.这里没有对男性和女性做梦的时间进行对比，故应该选择“没有提及”。3. &When we dream, there is less movement of electrical waves in our brains.A. True& &&&B. False& &C. Not Given【答案】B【解析】根据题干中的electrical waves in our brains 可以快速定位在第二段的前两句话：Scientists can detect when someone is having a dream by using an instrument which measures the electrical waves in the brain. During dreaming, these waves move more quickly.4.& Without the help of instruments, scientists cannot tell whether someone is dreaming or not.A. True& &&&B. False& &C. Not Given【答案】B【解析】根据题干中的instruments可以定位在第二段，前三句话：Scientists can detect when someone is having a dream by using an instrument which measures the electrical waves in the brain. During dreaming, these waves move more quickly. Breathing pulse rate also increase, there are rapid eye movements under the eye lids, just as though the dreamer were really looking at some moving objects.此处列举了科学家判断人是否做梦时的依据。这里明确指出需要借助仪器的是检测脑电波，而观察呼吸、心跳和眼动，不一定要借助仪器。因此，并不是没有仪器，科学家就无法判断一个人是否做梦。5.& Only mammals have dreams when they are asleep.&A. True& &&&B. False& &C. Not Given【答案】B【解析】根据题干中的mammals可以定位在第二段的第四句话These signs of dreaming have been detected in all mammals studied, including dogs, monkeys, cats, elephants, also some birds reptiles（爬行动物).从句子结构also…可以判断also后的birds和reptiles不属于mammals的范围，这三个名词并列。小贴士：过于绝对的说法往往是错误的，如含有only, all, any, must, always, completely, entirely等的句子要仔细斟酌。6. &Babies dream less than older children.A. True& &&&B. False& &C. Not Given【答案】B【解析】根据题干中的babies可以定位在第二段的最后两句话：This period of sleep is called the “D” state. Babies experience the “D” state for around 50% the period reduces to around 25% by the age of 10.此处this period of sleep…和上句，即These signs of dreaming have been detected in all mammals studied, including dogs, monkeys, cats, elephants, also some birds reptiles.中的主语these signs of dreaming是顺承关系，故this period of sleep就是dreaming，“D” state就是“做梦的时候”。最后一句讲到婴儿睡眠时间的50%都是“D” state，到了10岁后就下降到了25%。很显然，婴儿做梦比较大的孩子要多而不是less。7.& Most dreams involve the people we played with when we were young.A. True& &&&B. False& &&&C. Not Given【答案】C【解析】本题是关于梦境的内容，可以定位在第三段前半部分Dreams take the form of stories, but they may be strange with incidents not closely connected, which make little sense. Dreams are seldom without people in them they are usually about people we know. One estimate says that two-thirds of the “cast” of our dream dramas are friends relations.这里提到梦里的人大多是我们认识的人，大约2/3的人是朋友或亲戚，没有提到是我们一起从小玩大的朋友。8.& Now we can detect what dreamers dream about by using modern equipment.A. True& &&&B. False& &&&C. Not Given【答案】C【解析】第三段讲到梦的形式及梦中的人物和梦的呈现方式（vision视觉，sound听觉，touch触觉），故第三段主要讲梦的内容是什么，但没有涉及这些结论是如何获得的。9.& We do not often have the sense of taste in dreams.A. True& &&&B. False& &&&C. Not Given【答案】A【解析】根据题干中的taste可以定位在第三段的倒数第三句Sound touch（听觉和触觉） are senses also often aroused, but smell taste（嗅觉和味觉） are not frequently involved.本题中的often和原文中的frequently属同义替换。10. &Some people can be conscious that they are dreaming in their dreams.A. True& &&&B. False& &&&C. Not Given【答案】A【解析】根据题干中的conscious可以定位在第四段However, the dreamer does have control over one type of dream. This type of dream is called a “lucid” （清醒的) dream. Not everyone is a lucid dreamer. Some people are occasional lucid dreamers. Others can dream lucidly more or less all the time. In a lucid dream, the dreamer knows that he is dreaming.小贴士：千万不要受自己主观臆测的影响，要根据文章确定对错及“未提及”。&Passage 2 （选自Self-Assessment 1）Work Is a Service①&&& Young people may ask themselves questions like this when they apply for employment: “What are my working hours? What are my extra benefits besides wages? What holidays will I have off? Will I have enough time to hang out with my friends or pursue my hobbies?” With questions like these, however, when we focus on our leisure hours instead of our working hours, we may be prevented from seeing a much greater opportunity.②&&& Good work attitudes, habits, skills are learned through successful work experiences. Let me illustrate. On the ranch（牧场） where I grew up, the cows had to be milked before dawn every day. When I was just 10 years old, I would enter our barnyard where there were about 10 to 12 cows waiting for me to let them into the milking barn. My mother father used to say out loud to the cows, “Good morning. It’s good to see you!” I have to confess that as a young boy I didn’t feel quite the same way toward the cows.③&&& After each cow was milked, I poured the milk from the pail into a l0-gallon can. Each can weighed about 80 pounds when full. It made me stretch my young muscles as I carried them to the road for the dairy to pick up.④&&& My father mother quite frequently helped me with milking the cows. I remember my father mother continued to milk until they were in their late 80s. But Father didn’t milk the co he milked them because they needed to be milked. There is a difference. To him, these animals were not just cows – they were Big Blackie Bossie Sally Betsy. He wanted them to be content. He always said that contented cows give good milk. To my father, milking cows – as unsophisticated as it may seem – was it was an opportunity. Milking w it was a service.⑤&&& This philosophy is something that helped me as I grew up. It helped me to find out that all honest work is honorable. Within a few years I realized that routinely performing these chores actually began to give me a sense of confidence empowerment. I took pride in my work. We control our own attitudes towards work. Self-confidence empowerment can serve us well – in the classroom or on Wall Street.⑥&&& Instead of thinking of our daily work as an extra burden, we should think of it as an opportunity. That’s just the way my father taught me to feel about the cows. Those teachings have remained with me all my life, I continue to visit the ranch its memories as often as possible.1.& Young people may be more concerned about leisure time when applying for jobs.A. True& &&&B. False& &&&C. Not Given【答案】A【解析】根据同一顺序的原则定位在第一段，该段提到了应聘者提出的几个问题“What are my working hours? What are my extra benefits besides wages? What holidays will I have off? Will I have enough time to hang out with my friends or pursue my hobbies?”同时根据最后一句的概括With questions like these, however, when we focus on our leisure hours instead of our working hours, we may be prevented from seeing a much greater opportunity.可知该题干正确。2.& Good work attitudes, habits, skills are learned at school.A. True& &&&B. False& &&&C. Not Given【答案】B【解析】根据题干中的work attitudes, habits, skills可以定位在第二段的第一句Good work attitudes, habits, skills are learned through successful work experiences.可知好的工作态度、习惯和技术来自工作经历而不是在学校可以学到。3.& Before going to school, the author had to milk all the cows in the morning.A. True& &&&B. False& &&&C. Not Given【答案】B【解析】根据题干中的milk cows可以定位在第二段的中间When I was just 10 years old, I would enter our barnyard where there were about 10 to 12 cows waiting for me to let them into the milking barn. My mother father used to say out loud to the cows, “Good morning. It’s good to see you!”可知作者需要给10到12只奶牛挤奶，其余由他父母挤奶。小贴士：过于绝对的说法往往是错误的，如含有only, all, any, must, always, completely, entirely等的句子要仔细斟酌。4.& Unlike his parents, the young boy seemed not to be glad to see the cows every morning.A. True& &&&B. False& &&&C. Not Given【答案】A【解析】根据题干中的morning可以定位在第二段的最后，根据第二段的最后两句My mother father used to say out loud to the cows, “Good morning. It’s good to see you!” I have to confess that as a young boy I didn’t feel quite the same way toward the cows.5.& After each cow was milked, the author would carry the milk to the market.A. True& &&&B. False& &&&C. Not Given【答案】B【解析】根据题干中的after each cow was milked可以定位在第三段：After each cow was milked, I poured the milk from the pail into a l0-gallon can. Each can weighed about 80 pounds when full. It made me stretch my young muscles as I carried them to the road for the dairy to pick up.可知作者是将牛奶桶提到路边等待牛奶场的人来接货，而不是运到集市上去卖。6.& The author always milked the cows alone in the barnyard.A. True& &&&B. False& &&&C. Not Given【答案】B【解析】根据题干中的milk the cows可以定位在第四段的第一句My father mother quite frequently helped me with milking the cows.。另外，根据本句中含有过于绝对的词always，可以判断错误的可能性较大。7.& To his father, milking cows was a complicated job.A. True& &&&B. False& &&&C. Not Given【答案】B【解析】根据题干中的to his father可以定位在第四段的最后一句To my father, milking cows – as unsophisticated as it may seem – was it was an opportunity. Milking w it was a service.8.The author’s father milked the cows because they needed to be milked.A. True& &&&B. False& &&&C. Not Given【答案】A【解析】根据题干中的father和milked定位在第四段，根据第四段的第三句But Father didn’t milk the co he milked them because they needed to be milked.9.& The author came to like the job of milking took pride in it.A. True& &&&B. False& &&&C. Not Given【答案】A【解析】根据同一顺序的原则定位在第五段。第五段讲了作者对生活和工作态度的转变：他认识到每种诚实的工作都是高尚的all honest work is honorable。题干中内容虽然没有直接显示出，但可以推测出来。10.Self-confidence empowerment acquired at work will benefit people throughout their lives.A. True& &&&B. False& &&&C. Not Given【答案】A【解析】根据题干中的self-confidence empowerment可以定位在第五段。根据第五段的最后一句Self-confidence empowerment can serve us well – in the classroom or on Wall Street.&Passage 3 （选自Self-Assessment 2）Lucky’s Greatest Treasure①&& Mary her husbJim had a dog named “Lucky.” Lucky was a real character. Whenever Mary Jim had company come for a weekend visit, they would warn their friends not to leave their luggage open because Lucky would help himself to whatever struck his fancy. Inevitably, someone would forget something would come up missing.②&& Mary or Jim would go to Lucky’s toy box in the basement there the treasure would be, amid all of Lucky’s other favorite toys. Lucky always stored his finds in his toy box.③&& It happened that Mary found out she had breast cancer. Something told her she was going, to die of this disease. She scheduled a double mastectomy（乳房切除术）, fear riding her shoulders.④&& The night before she was to go to the hospital, she hugged Lucky closely in her arms. A thought struck her – what would happen to Lucky? Although the three-year-old dog liked Jim, he was Mary’s dog through through. “If I die, Lucky will be abandoned,” Mary thought, “He won’t understthat I didn’t want to leave him.” The thought made her sadder than that of her own death.⑤&& The double mastectomy was harder on Mary than her doctors had anticipated Mary was hospitalized for over two weeks. Jim faithfully took Lucky for his evening walk, but the little dog just hung down, whining（哀鸣）miserable.⑥&&& Finally the day came for Mary to leave the hospital. When she arrived home, Mary was so exhausted that she couldn’t even make it up the steps to her bedroom. Jim made his wife comfortable on the couch left her to nap.⑦&&& Lucky stood watching Mary but he didn’t come to her when she called. It made Mary sad but sleep soon overcame her she dozed.⑧&&& When Mary woke, for a second she couldn’t understwhat was wrong. She couldn’t move her head her body felt heavy hot. But panic soon gave way to laughter when Mary realized the problem. She was covered, literally blanketed, with every treasure Lucky owned!⑨&&& While she had slept, the sad dog had made trip after trip to the basement bringing his beloved mistress all his favorite things in life. He had covered her with his love.⑩&&& Mary forgot about dying. Instead, she Lucky began living again, walking further further together every day.⑾&&& It’s been 12 years now Mary is still cancer-free. Lucky? He still steals treasures stores them secretly in his toy box, but Mary remains his greatest treasure.1. Lucky is Mary her husband’s pet dog.A. True& &&&B. False& &&&C. Not Given【答案】A【解析】根据第一段第一句Mary her husbJim had a dog named “Lucky.”可知该说法正确。2. Whenever they had friends visit them, the couple would warn Lucky not to take their friends’ luggage away.A. True& &&&B. False& &&&C. Not Given【答案】B【解析】根据第一段第三句Whenever Mary Jim had company come for a weekend visit, they would warn their friends not to leave their luggage open because Lucky would help himself to whatever struck his fancy.可知是告诫朋友们不要把行李打开。3. Mary her husband’s friends knew Lucky well so their belongings never went missing.& A. True& &&&B. False& &&&C. Not Given【答案】B【解析】根据第一段的最后一句话Inevitably, someone would forget something would come up missing，该句提到有的朋友会忘记盖上行李箱，结果他们的东西就会不见了。4. Lucky’s toy box was placed in the basement.& A. True& &&&B. False& &&&C. Not Given【答案】A【解析】根据题干中的关键词basement定位在第二段第一句的前半句Mary or Jim would go to Lucky’s toy box in the basement…。5. Mary’s husbwarned that he would abandon Lucky after her death.& A. True& &&&B. False& &&&C. Not Given【答案】C【解析】根据第四段可知玛丽非常担心她死了小狗很可能会被遗弃，但文章没有提及玛丽的丈夫吉姆会遗弃小狗。6. Mary stayed in the hospital for two months because the surgery was harder than doctors had anticipated.& A. True& &&&B. False& &&&C. Not Given【答案】B【解析】根据题干中的hospital定位在第五段。根据第五段第一句话The double mastectomy was harder on Mary than her doctors had anticipated Mary was hospitalized for over two weeks.可知玛丽在医院呆了两星期。7. When Mary arrived home from hospital, Jim made her lie in bed immediately.& A. True& &&&B. False& &&&C. Not Given【答案】B【解析】根据同一顺序的原则及arrive home from hospital定位在第六段：Finally the day came for Mary to leave the hospital. When she arrived home, Mary was so exhausted that she couldn’t even make it up the steps to her bedroom. Jim made his wife comfortable on the couch left her to nap.可以看出玛丽连抬腿上楼到卧室的力气都没有了，吉姆只好让她睡在沙发上而不是床上。8. When Mary woke, she couldn’t move a bit because she caught a cold fell ill.A. True& &&&B. False& &&&C. Not Given【答案】B【解析】根据Mary woke定位在第八段When Mary woke, for a second she couldn’t understwhat was wrong. She couldn’t move her head her body felt heavy hot. But panic soon gave way to laughter when Mary realized the problem. She was covered, literally blanketed, with every treasure Lucky owned! 由此可知她不能动不是因为感冒而是身上压了很多东西。9. Lucky covered Mary with love by placing all his treasures on her body.& A. True& &&&B. False& &&&C. Not Given【答案】A【解析】根据同一顺序的原则定位在第九段：While she had slept, the sad dog had made trip after trip to the basement bringing his beloved mistress all his favorite things in life. He had covered her with his love.。10. Mary has been cancer-free for 12 years, remains Lucky’s greatest treasure.&& A. True& &&&B. False& &&&C. Not Given【答案】A【解析】根据12 years定位在最后一段：It’s been 12 years now Mary is still cancer-free. Lucky? He still steals treasures stores them secretly in his toy box, but Mary remains his greatest treasure.。第二部分：阅读选择（第11～15题，每题2分，共10分）阅读下面短文，请从短文后所给各题的4个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出1个最佳选项，并在答题卡相应位置上将该项涂黑。Passage 1 （选自大纲样题）Tap Dancing（踢踏舞）①&&& Most of the arts in America are a combination of ideas influences from many sources. Tap dancing certainly fits in this category. It is truly an American art, but it has been influenced by English Irish dance steps as well as steps from Africa.②&&& Some historians argue that tap dancing was first done by slaves on Southern plantations in North America, that originally steps were done wearing soft-soled shoes. Irish step dancing, which also involves intricate（复杂的）foot patterns, contributed the movement of the free leg to one side the swing of the elbows outward. Wooden clog shoes were worn as tap dancing evolved, but for a long time the steps were done flat-footed.③&&& Tap dancing developed into the form we recognize today in the early 20th century. Metal taps were added to dance shoes, a number of new techniques were perfected. One of the most important was the change from the flat-footed step to dancing on the balls of the feet. This is commonly attributed to dancer Bill Robinson. Another was the “cramp roll,” in which the dancer would rapidly move from the ball of the right foot to the ball of the left, then to the heel of each foot. This separation of the steps into distinct areas of the foot, an innovation by dancer John Bubbles, allowed dancers to improvise even more new patterns. Slides across the floor movements up down stairs further enlivened tap. So did relaxed arm shoulder movements. Challenges became a common part of dance routines, with dancers competing very hard to outperform（胜过）each other with new difficult steps.④&&&& Many dancers excelled at tap contributed to its development. Besides Bill Robinson John Bubbles, well-known tappers have included Sammy Davis, Jr., Fred Astaire, Eleanor Powell, Gregory Hines, Savion Glover.11. This text is mainly about _______.A. famous tap dancers&&& &&&&&&&&& B. tap dancing on Southern plantationsC. tap shoes&&&&&&&&&&& &&& D. the development of tap dancing【答案】D【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知本文主要讲了踢踏舞的发展过程。12. The phrase “attributed to” (Line 4, Para. 3) means _______.A. credited to&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. describedC. turned to&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. stated as a question【答案】A【解析】词义理解题。可以用代入法。credit… to…=attribute… to…=owe…to…13. The “cramp roll” (Line 4, Para. 3) was invented by _______.A. Fred Astaire&&&&&&&&& &&&&&&& B. Bill RobinsonC. Savion Glover&&&&&&&&&&&& && D. John Bubbles【答案】D【解析】事实细节题。根据第三段的中间部分Another was the “cramp roll,” in which the dancer would rapidly move from the ball of the right foot（右脚的大脚趾球）to the ball of the left, then to the heel of each foot. This separation of the steps into distinct areas of the foot, an innovation by dancer John Bubbles, allowed dancers to improvise even more new patterns.14. One of the most important elements of tap dancing is _______.A. intricate footworkB. smooth, flowing motionsC. dancing in rhythm with a partnerD. wearing wooden shoes【答案】A【解析】事实细节题。根据one of the most important…定位在第三段第三句：One of the most important was the change from the flat-footed step to dancing on the balls of the feet.15. Names are mentioned in this text in order to _______.A. tell about the lives of famous tap dancersB. connect tap with jazz musicC. show the influence of women on tap danceD. give credit to famous tap dancers【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。该题要求考生根据最后一段，推测作者的写作意图。最后一段Many dancers excelled at tap contributed to its development. Besides Bill Robinson John Bubbles, well-known tappers have included Sammy Davis Jr., Fred Astaire, Eleanor Powell, Gregory Hines, Savion Glover.。11. This text is mainly about _______.A. famous tap dancers&&& &&&&&&&&& B. tap dancing on Southern plantationsC. tap shoes&&&&&&&&&&& &&& D. the development of tap dancing【答案】D【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知本文主要讲了踢踏舞的发展过程。（参考第二三段的黑体词）小贴士：和以前的阅读理解基本相同。&Passage 2 （选自Self-Assessment 2）Student Loans①&&& Federal Student Aid is an office of the US Department of Education that provides student loans for education beyond high school. TheUSgovernment clearly understands the importance of post-secondary education in positively impacting the nation. It therefore ensures that each eligible student in theUnited Statesis able to receive financial assistance for higher education.②&&& Although parents can opt for private funding through sources like banks other finance institutions, the rates of interest can be prohibitively high in most cases. On the other hand, the interest rates of federally funded student loans are much less in comparison. It is therefore imperative that parents take all steps necessary to apply for student loans available through the federal government.③&&& Federal Student Aid is actively involved in educating students their families on the exact procedure to obtain student loans. Once the applications are received, it processes them by the millions before the start of each academic year. It also pays out billions of dollars through schools to fund the education of students who have applied for financial aid.④&&& The first step in applying for financial aid is to fill submit the FAFSA or Free Application for Federal Student Aid. The name of the student should be entered exactly the way it is written on the student’s social security card. The format used is “first name”, “middle initial”, “last name”. Since the analysis bureau will be linking up the FAFSA with the social security number, the names should match precisely for the application to be approved. A mismatch in the names could result in the application being sent back for correction. This would cause a delay end up pushing the applicant to the back of the line. Since most financial aid is provided on a first-come-first-served basis, it is important to be at the head of the line. Even a minor error on the FAFSA can result in a loss of thousands of dollars in financial aid.⑤&&& Therefore, it is important that families have all the proper income tax records ready before applying for financial aid. This will help avoid submitting inconsistent, incomplete or mistaken information while filling out the FAFSA forms.⑥&&& The CSS PROFILE is the FAFSA equivalent that is most often required for aid through private universities. It could be a little more complicated than filling out the FAFSA form. Going through the entire process with the help of a certified college planner would be a good idea.⑦&&& No matter what their credit rating, parents should still submit their applications for financial aid. Learning about the different options available to them is the first step in the process. Doing it right will enhance their chances of getting student loans for their children’s higher education.11. Federal Student Aid provides student loans for _______.A. high school educationB. secondary educationC. higher educationD. pre-secondary education【答案】&&&&&& C【解析】事实细节题。根据Federal Student Aid provides student loans 定位在第一段第一句Federal Student Aid is an office of the US Department of Education that provides student loans for education beyond high school.12. Federally funded loans are preferred to private funding for_______.A. their easy accessibilityB. their high reliabilityC. their lower interest ratesD. their wide availability【答案】C【解析】事实细节题。根据federally funded loans和private funding定位在第二段。根据前两句Although parents can opt for private funding through sources like banks other finance institutions, the rates of interest can be prohibitively high in most cases. On the other hand, the interest rates of federally funded student loans are much less in comparison.。13. Federal Student Aid educates students on _______.A. how to apply to ideal universitiesB. how to obtain student loansC. how to process the applicationsD. how to meet their financial needs【答案】B【解析】事实细节题。根据federal Student Aid定位在第二段。由第一句话Federal Student Aid is actively involved in educating students their families on the exact procedure to obtain student loans.可知答案为B。14. The first step in applying for financial aid is to _______.A. fill out submit application formsB. apply for a social security numberC. enter the applicant name in the right formatD. submit all the proper income tax records【答案】A【解析】事实细节题。根据first step定位在第四段第一句：The first step in applying for financial aid is to fill submit the FAFSA or Free Application for Federal Student Aid.，由此可知答案为A。15. To succeed in applying for student loans, you are advised to _______.A. enhance academic performanceB. resort to a certified college plannerC. avoid submitting a CSS PROFILE资料&D. turn in income tax records afterwards【答案】B【解析】推理判断题。根据同一顺序的原则定位在第五段及之后的内容，具体参考第六段最后一句：Going through the entire process with the help of a certified college planner would be a good idea。由此可以看出，有资格证书的学院规划师可以提供全程帮助，故选B。另外根据第五段第一句Therefore, it is important that families have all the proper income tax records ready before applying for financial aid. 可知D选项的错误在于afterwards一词，应改成in advance。&Passage 3 （选自Self-Assessment 3）Why Lack of Sleep Could Be Making You Fatter①&&& Sleepless nights don’t just ruin your mood the next day – they could also damage your waistline胸围. According to new research in the August issue of the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition临床营养, sleep deprivation can cause people to pack on extra pounds.②&&& Researchers at the New York Obesity Nutrition Research Centre at St. Luke’s-Roosevelt &Hospital found that sleep-deprived people seem to burn the same number of calories as the well-rested, but they consume about 300 more calories a day. Given that it takes just 3,500 calories to add a pound to your body, those calories can quickly turn into extra weight.③&&& But there are several other reasons that sleep loss could lead to weight gain, says sleep disorder specialist Michael Breus. When we get too little shut-eye, our metabolism（新陈代谢）slows down to conserve energy. That slowdown triggers the release of the hormone cortisol（荷尔蒙皮质醇）, which increases appetite. Your body thinks it needs more energy, so it asks for more food．④&&& In a vicious cycle, sleep loss also causes our bodies to release more ghrelin, another hormone that signals hunger, less leptin瘦素，瘦蛋白, the hormone that tells your stomach that it’s full. With your hormones no longer working in the normal way, your body wants more food lacks the sensitivity to know when to stop eating. Not to mention that being awake more hours gives you more time to snack.⑤&&& “The later you’re up at night, the greater the likelihood that you’re going to eat,” Breus says, “you’re more likely to eat high-fat, high-carb碳水化合物 foods.”⑥&&& One other contributing factor to such weight gain is that the body burns the most calories during REM sleep, a deeply restful phase. Less sleep means less time in REM.⑦&&& For optimal health, experts say you should try to get 7.5 hours of sleep a night. If you have trouble sleeping, stick to a nightly routine, exercise during the day, banish worries to a journal, keep pre-bedtime activities relaxing.11. This passage is mainly about _______.A. the influence of sleep loss on weightB. the effect of sleep deprivation on moodC. the release of the hormone cortisolD. the implications of a new research finding【答案】A【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章标题“为何缺少睡眠会使人变胖”就可以看出，sleep和weight是文章的关键词。12. Sleep-deprived people consume more calories, which will _______.A. make them energeticB. turn into extra poundsC. damage their moodD. Cause them to feel sleepy【答案】B【解析】事实细节题。根据sleep-deprived people定位在第二段：Researchers at the New York Obesity Nutrition Research Centre at St. Luke’s-Roosevelt &Hospital found that sleep-deprived people seem to burn the same number of calories as the well-rested, but they consume about 300 more calories a day. Given that it takes just 3,500 calories to add a pound to your body, those calories can quickly turn into extra weight.，即每天多消耗的300卡的热量会转变为额外的体重，可知答案为B。13.According to Michael Breus, sleep loss can _______.A. decrease people’s appetiteB. slow down energy conservationC. trigger the need for more foodD. lead to a vicious cycle【答案】C【解析】事实细节题。根据Michael Breus定位在第三段：But there are several other reasons that sleep loss could lead to weight gain, says sleep disorder specialist Michael Breus. When we get too little shut-eye, our metabolism（新陈代谢）slows down to conserve energy. That slowdown triggers the release of the hormone cortisol（荷尔蒙皮质醇）, which increases appetite. Your body thinks it needs more energy, so it asks for more food．即当我们的眼睛休息不够的时候，为了保持能量新陈代谢会变慢。这种减速会引发荷尔蒙皮质醇的释放，从而增加食欲，由此可知答案为C。14.The word “optimal” in paragraph 7 is closest in meaning to _______.A. bestB. positiveC. optionalD. appropriate【答案】A【解析】词义理解题。根据题干定位在第七段。本段主要讲了人要尽量保持7.5个小时的睡眠时间，并为失眠者提供了一些有助睡眠的方法。四个选项意思分别是最佳的、积极的、选择的、合适的，显然A最恰当。15. To attack sleep troubles, you can _______.A. exercise regularly at nightB. do more pre-bedtime activitiesC. keep a journal at nightD. follow a set routine every night【答案】D【解析】事实细节题。根据sleep troubles定位在文章的最后一句：If you have trouble sleeping, stick to a nightly routine, exercise during the day, banish worries to a journal, keep pre-bedtime activities relaxing.11. This passage is mainly about _______.A. the influence of sleep loss on weightB. the effect of sleep deprivation on moodC. the release of the hormone cortisolD. the implications of a new research finding【答案】A【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章标题“为何缺少睡眠会使人变胖”就可以看出，sleep和weight是文章的关键词。第三部分：概括段落大意和补全句子（第16～25题，每题1分，共1 0分）阅读下面短文，请完成短文后的2项测试任务：(1)从第16～20题后所给的6个选项中为第①一⑤段每段选择1个正确的小标题；(2)从第21～25题后所给的6个选项中选择5个正确选项，分别完成每个句子，并在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。Passage 1 （选自大纲样题）The Weight ExperimentNicola Walters has been taking part in experiments inScotlandto discover why humans gain lose weight. Being locked in a small room called a ‘calorimeter’（热量测量室）is one way to find out．①&& The signs above the two rooms read simply ‘Chamber One’ ‘Chamber Two’. These are the calorimeters: 4m by 2m white-walled rooms where human volunteers are locked up in the name of science. Outside these rooms another sign reads ‘Please do not enter—work in progress’ in front of the rooms advanced machinery registers every move the volunteers make. Each day, meals measured to the last gram are passed through a hole in the wall of the calorimeter to the resident volunteer.②&& Nicola Walters is one of twenty volunteers who, over the past eight months, have spent varying periods inside the calorimeter. Tall slim, Nicola does not have a weight problem, but thought the strict diet might help with her training fitness programme. A self-employed community dance worker, she was able to fit the experiment in around her work. She saw an advertisement for volunteers at her local gym as she is interested in the whole area of diet exercise, she thought she would help out.③&& The experiment on Nicola involved her spending one day on a fixed diet at home the next in the room. This sequence was repeated four times over six weeks. She arrived at the calorimeter at 8:30 am on each of the four mornings from then on everything she ate or drank was carefully measured. Her every move was noted too, her daily exercise routine timed to the last second. At regular intervals, after eating, she filled in forms about how hungry she felt samples were taken for analysis.④&& The scientists help volunteers impose a kind of order on the long days they face in the room. ‘The first time, I only took one video a book, but it was OK because I watched TV the rest of the time,’ says Nicola. twice a day she used the exercise bike. She pedaled（踩踏板) for half an hour, watched by researchers to make sure she didn’t go too fast.⑤ &&It seems that some foods encourage you to eat more, while others satisfy you quickly. Volunteers are already showing that high-fat diets are less likely to make you feel full. Believing that they may now know what encourages people to overeat, the researchers are about to start testing a high-protein weight-loss diet. Volunteers are required Nicola has signed up for further sessions.&A. What does the calorimeter look & like inside?B. What programme was designed & for the experiment?C. What is a calorimeter?D. What kind of foods are to & people’s taste?E. How do the volunteers kill & the time?F. Why did Nicola join in the & experiments?Task l&&&&&&&&&&&&& 16. Paragraph ①&&&&&& 17. Paragraph ②&&&&&& 18. Paragraph ③&&&&&& 19. Paragraph ④&&&&&& 20. Paragraph ⑤&&&&&& &16. Paragraph ①&&&&&& 【答案】C【解析】第一段主要讲了实验所需要的设备和条件，前面的内容主要针对calorimeter做了相关描述。17. Paragraph ②&&&&&& 【答案】F【解析】第二段主要介绍了Nicola自愿参加这一实验的意图和目的，虽然没有超重问题，但出于对饮食调节和身材的保持，她选择加入这一项目。18. Paragraph ③&&&&&& 【答案】B【解析】该段的第一句话是主题句The experiment on Nicola involved her spending one day on a fixed diet at home the next in the room.即：实验所涉及的内容、具体的要求和环节。19. Paragraph ④&&&&&& 【答案】E【解析】段首句往往是主题句，首句说明科学家帮助志愿者设定一个日程表来打发在密室里的时间。后面介绍了看电视、看录像、看书、骑单车等活动。20. Paragraph ⑤&&&&&& 【答案】D【解析】第五段的首句出现了foods一词，从剩余的两个选项A和D中很明显就能选出D。第五段主要介绍了什么食物适合人的胃口。小贴士：本部分考查学生的概括能力，读懂首句是关键，因为首句往往是主题句。Task 221. The machinery outside the calorimeters records everything _______.22. Nicola Walters had time for the experiments _______.23. Volunteers have to get prepared for the time in the calorimeter _______.24. The experiments show that high-fat diets _______.25. Researchers watched Nicola pedaling _______.A. the volunteers do.B. because she does not have a & weight problem.C. because the life there can be & very boring.D. make people overeat.E. because she was her own boss.F. so as to control the speed.&21. The machinery outside the calorimeters records everything _______.【答案】A【解析】根据题干中的关键词calorimeters和record定位在第一段。从第一段第三句话尤其是后半句Outside these rooms another sign reads ‘Please do not enter—work in progress’ in front of the rooms advanced machinery registers every move the volunteers make.可知答案为A。此处record和register属同义替换。22. Nicola Walters had time for the experiments _______.【答案】E【解析】根据题干中的关键词Nicola Walters定位在第二段，关键句是第二段的第三句话A self-employed community dance worker, she was able to fit the experiment in around her work.23. Volunteers have to get prepared for the time in the calorimeter _______.【答案】C【解析】根据题干中的关键词volunteers及同一顺序的原则定位在第四段。该段主要讲了密室里的生活很枯燥。同时根据句子结构分析可知此处需填从句，故从B和C中选择。24. The experiments show that high-fat diets _______.【答案】D【解析】根据第五段第二三句话Volunteers are already showing that high-fat diets高脂膳食 are less likely to make you feel full. Believing that they may now know what encourages people to overeat, …25. Researchers watched Nicola pedaling _______.【答案】F【解析】根据题干中的关键词researchers，Nicola及pedaling定位在第四段的最后一句She pedaled（踩踏板) for half an hour, watched by researchers to make sure she didn’t go too fast.小贴士：根据题干中的关键词回到原文中快速进行定位是取得高分的诀窍，同时要观察题干的结构及备选答案的结构以快速缩小范围。&Passage 2 （选自Self-Assessment 1）Five Reasons to Celebrate Mistakes①&&& Mistakes have a way of focusing our attention putting crucial problems right in our face. Mistakes light a path for us. When we own up to our mistakes, we often know exactly what’s working what we can do to fix it.②&&& There is one sure way to avoid mistakes that’s to avoid life. The writer who never finishes a book will never have to worry about getting negative reviews. The comedian who never performs in front of an audience is sure to avoid telling jokes that fall flat失败，达不到预期效果. When we are comfortable with making mistakes, we’re more likely to take risks tackle projects. Celebrating mistakes involves wisdom. Effective people don’t set goals with the idea of making mistakes. Instead, they aim to reach those goals while accepting the risk of error.③&&& Imagine working at a company that has no standards – where mistakes are not distinguished from successes no one is held accountable for errors. We could turn in the most careless the crudest未加工的，肤浅的 pieces of work we’d ever done, they would get treated the same as our best work. We’d never be able to on having the supplies we needed because no one would complain when vendors供应商，商贩 failed to deliver. Projects could go permanently unfinished no one would say anything. In an atmosphere where there’s no difference between failure success, the word “mistake” would be without meaning. Mistakes can happen only when people are truly committed to making things work.④&&& The word “mistake” derives meaning only by comparison to what we desire. Noticing admitting our mistakes reminds us of what we really want to have, do, be. Mistakes offer us an opportunity to practice truth telling. With this act come the rewards of honesty frankness, including self-knowledge自知之明 the capacity for change. As we tell the truth about our mistakes, we can benefit by releasing shame blame. Fixing mistakes preventing them from happening again are key goals.⑤&&& Mistakes are usually more instructive than successes – often far more interesting. The lessons we learn from making mistakes often stick with us for a lifetime. We can translate those lessons into new values behaviors that make a profound difference. With all these potential benefits from mistakes, we have plenty of reasons to celebrate them.&&Task l&&&&&&&&&&&&& A. Mistakes encourage taking risksB. Mistakes practice telling & truthC. Mistakes make powerful teachersD. Mistakes are as important as successesE. Mistakes focus our attentionF. Mistakes make things & work&16. Paragraph ①&&&&&& 17. Paragraph ②&&&&&& 18. Paragraph ③&&&&&& 19. Paragraph ④&&&&&& 20. Paragraph ⑤&&&&&& &&&&&&& :&16. Paragraph ①&&&&&& 【答案】E【解析】第一段首句给出了相关信息Mistakes have a way of focusing our attention putting crucial problems right in our face.故选E。17. Paragraph ②&&&&&& 【答案】A【解析】第二段通过事例讲到人应该不惧怕犯错误，才能改正错误，让自己进步。A项中的关键词encourage taking risks符合本段语境，故选A。18. Paragraph ③&&&&&& 【答案】F【解析】第三段通过在公司工作的情况，指出没有正确与错误标准的公司不会有任何进步和发展。所以结尾总结出只有在人们推动事情有所进展的时候，错误才会发现。与F含义相符。19. Paragraph ④&&&&&& 【答案】B【解析】第四段是对“错误”的意义的论述，承认错误可以让我们知道自己真正所想，可以给我们机会说出真相。这样的话我们就可以得到诚恳和坦率、自身知识的提高和改变的能力，又讲到了说出错误的种种好处。再结合第四段的第三句Mistakes offer us an opportunity to practice truth telling.可知B项符合本段主旨。20. Paragraph ⑤&&&&&& 【答案】D【解析】第五段通过mistake和success的比较，阐述出错误的重要性，所以可以判断出错误与成功一样，都具有很重要的意义。故选D。&Task 221. We often know through mistakes what’s going wrong _______.22. If a writer never finishes his book, he will never have to _______.23. Effective people aim to reach their goals while _______.24. People can make mistakes only when they are truly _______.25. We can learn some lessons from making mistakes, which often _______.A. & stick with us for a lifetimeB. what & we can do to fix itC. & committed to making things workD. & accepting the risk of errorE. & worry about being criticizedF. committed to making things & work注：该题命题疏忽，C和F完全一样。&21. We often know through mistakes what’s going wrong _______.【答案】B【解析】根据第一段的最后一句：When we own up to our mistakes, we often know exactly what’s working what we can do to fix it.可知选B。小提示：可根据句子结构来缩小可选答案，根据题干的结构可知and前后为平行结构，只有B相符。22. If a writer never finishes his book, he will never have to _______.【答案】E【解析】根据writer, finish book定位在第二段的第二句话The writer who never finishes a book will never have to worry about getting negative reviews.，其中getting negative reviews和选项E中的being criticized属同义替换。小提示：可根据句子结构来缩小可选答案，根据题干的结构可知本题选择动词原形开头的A或E。23. Effective people aim to reach their goals while _______.【答案】D【解析】根据题干中的关键词effective people定位在第二段最后两句：Effective people don’t set goals with the idea of making mistakes. Instead, they aim to reach those goals while accepting the risk of error.可知答案为D。小提示：可根据句子结构来缩小可选答案，本句要填入空格的部分是连词while之后的内容，可以用整个句子；也可以是分词形式，即while从句省略和主句相同的主语和be部分。选项中没有整个句子，故只能在C、D或F中选择。24. People can make mistakes only when they are truly _______.【答案】C/F【解析】根据顺序原则定位在第三段。根据第三段最后一句话Mistakes can happen only when people are truly committed to making things work.这句话指出只有人们在真正投入到工作中让事情有所进展的时候，错误才会出现，故选择C/F。小提示：可根据句子结构来缩小可选答案，本句要填入空格的部分在they are后，故要在C、D或F中选择。25. We can learn some lessons from making mistakes, which often _______.【答案】A【解析】根据题干中的关键词learn lessons定位在最后一段。从最后一段第二句话The lessons we learn from making mistakes often stick with us for a lifetime.可知答案为A。小提示：可根据句子结构来缩小可选答案，本句要填入空格的部分在定语从句中作谓语，故在A或E中选择。&第四部分：填句补文（第26～30题，每题2分，共1 0分）&&& 下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌，并在答题卡相应位置上将答案选项涂黑。Passage 1 （选自大纲样题）Teaching Children to Spend Pocket Money Wisely（选自Unit 6，Text A）①&&& School-going children need pocket money for food, stationery bus fares. Parents give pocket money to their children in different ways. Some give a lump sum at the beginning of a month or a week. Others prefer to give pocket money on a daily basis. &&26& &On the other hand, the children’s spending habits may affect how pocket money is given.②&&& Pocket money given on a daily basis is sometimes termed as “food money”. Children usually use the pocket money to buy food during recess（休息） also at lunch hour if they have school activities in the afternoon. They learn how to manage small sums of money. &&27& &Some parents choose this method of allocating pocket money in order to prevent their children from overspending, hoping that in time they can be trusted with larger sums of money.③&&& Giving pocket money on a daily basis places responsibilities of budgeting on the parents, instead of the child. The child may spend every single cent of the daily pocket money by overindulging in junk food as they know they will get another sum of money the next day. This results in children being shortsighted in their spending. The thought of saving money never crossed their minds.& &&28 &&Others spend more than they are given. They borrow from their siblings or their classmates when they feel like indulging themselves. Then they may ask for money to pay off their debts. This habit of borrowing causes them to depend on others to solve their problems. In such instances, the purpose of rationing is defeated.④&&& Children need to learn how to budget their money. The key to doing this is to differentiate between needs wants. &&29& &This habit, when inculcated since young, stands them in good stead when they start working earning their own money. It enables them to resist the temptation of “buy now pay later” schemes.Formation of any habit starts at a tender age. There is no better way to teach children to manage money than to start with their pocket t money. They need to learn the importance of budgeting right from kindergarten days. &&30& &When children learn to spend within their means, they are able to manage their finances well later in their lives.&A. It is a good idea to start with daily pocket money move on to monthly pocket money.B. The way in which pocket money is given affects how money is spent or saved.C. Buy the necessary first, indulge ourselves only if there is money left.D. As the money is limited, they have to control their spending.E. Parents who earn daily wages may also opt for this due to financial constraints.F. They may develop the mentality（心态，意识） that money is meant to be spent.&26. 【答案】B【解析】根据空格前出现的way和give，后面出现的give，spend和affect，这些都是解题线索，应引起考生的注意，这是答题的关键。前面提到父母给孩子零花钱的不同方式，后面提到孩子的花钱习惯影响父母给他们零花钱的方式。只有B（给零花钱的方式影响花钱和攒钱的方式）才能更好地衔接上下文。27. 【答案】D【解析】第二段主要讲父母每天给孩子一次零花钱对孩子的影响。They learn how to manage small sums of money. &&27& &Some parents choose this method of allocating pocket money in order to prevent their children from overspending,…空格前提到孩子如何花手中有限的钱，后面提到一些父母使用这种方法来控制孩子的过度消费，可知应选D。注意D中的limited和空格前的small呼应，control和空格后的prevent呼应，体现了内容的一致性。28. 【答案】F【解析】第三段主要讲这种提供零花钱的方式对孩子的花钱习惯带来的负面影响。The thought of saving money never crossed their minds.& &&28 &&Others spend more than they are given.空格前提到这种方式使孩子从来没有想过要攒钱，后面提到一些孩子会过度消费，甚至借钱。只有F提到了“孩子会养成一种钱就是用来花的观念”。另外F项中的they may develop…和下文的they may ask for…结构上一致。29. 【答案】C【解析】第四段主要讲述了孩子养成规划开支习惯的重要性。The key to doing this is to differentiate between needs wants. &&29& &This habit, when inculcated（灌输） since young, stands them in good stead when they start working…空格前讲到学会规划开支的关键是区分需求和需要。C项（先购买必须的，只有当钱有结余时才去享受）是对前句的进一步解释。30. 【答案】A【解析】最后一段是对全文的总结，讲述了从小养成理财习惯的重要性。They need to learn the importance of budgeting right from kindergarten days. &&30& &When children learn to spend within their means, they are able to manage their finances well later in their lives.空格前指出从幼儿园时就要学会规划零花钱的重要性，后面的内容指出从小养成理财习惯有益于未来个人的财务管理，空格中应该就是这种方法—从每天的零花钱开始攒起，慢慢到每月的零花钱。小贴士：所填的句子起着承上启下的作用，看懂上下句是解题的关键，同时注意看上下句中的关键词，会有呼应现象。还要注意观察同段的句子结构等细节内容。&Passage 2 （选自Self-Assessment 2）Mistakes Are a Must on the Road to Success①&&& When Kamprad was a teenager, he became interested in a pro-Nazi group run by a Swedish fascist activist by the name of Per Engdahl. He not only attended group meetings but also raised funds recruited members to the group between . It is unknown when Kamprad quit the group. &&26& &This part of Kamprad’s past remained hidden until 1994，when Engdahl’s personal letters were made public after his death.②&&& “This is part of my life I bitterly regret,” said Kamprad. “After a couple of meetings in pure Nazi style, I quit.” In a letter he wrote to employees titled “The Greatest Mistake of My Life,” Kamprad apologized to IKEA宜家家居（瑞典公司）employees of Jewish heritage asked for their forgiveness. &&27& &&Following its }