准初一家长必看|初中三年这样学准优秀！
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准初一家长必看|初中三年这样学准优秀！
根据学习重点，制定一份未来的“学习规划表”，孩子才能更快适应学习环境的转变和学习成绩的提升。
很多学生对初一不重视，初中有三年，初一可以好好放松一下“初一不必太紧张，中考初二、初三再准备也不晚”，其实这种观念是非常错误的。
初一往往是学生打下基础的阶段，往往初二、初三甚至今后成绩好的学生都从初一开始分化了。
今天，给学生分享一份根据初中三年的经历制定的详细学习规划表，并深度分析各年纪学习阶段的学习重点，希望对于刚入学的学生和已经入学的学习起到积极的帮助。
做好小学到初中的顺利衔接
可以说，初一阶段的数学学习是中学数学的基础，而数学又是所有理科学习的基础学科。由此可见，能否学好初一数学关系到学生整个初中阶段的理科学习质量。
初一全年成长历程事件
初中领先的最佳时期 ；提前学习初一内容，提前适应初中学习，顺利完成小升初的衔接
备战分班考试
入学摸底考试
部分学校开学有摸底考试，主要考察初一内容
尽快适应初中生活，掌握工具性知识
舍弃小学思路，培养初中学习习惯
第一次期中考试
初中第一次检测，暴露问题→发现问题→马上调整解决
绝大部分学校会把初一下学期的部分内容提到初一上学期学习
如何提早预习和适应
12月-1月初
升入中学以来的第一次检阅
追赶和超越别人的最佳时期。全面查漏补缺，提早预习下学期内容
初一下学期开学
学生需要很快进入学习状态
学校期中考试
重点复习相交线平行线及三角形必须记住的几何模型
重点中学开始讲解部分初二知识点
全等三角形基础拉到初一下学期讲，分担初二的压力
学校期末考试
这次期末考试是对初一一年学习效果的检验，也是初二两级分化开始的前兆；做好自我分析
升入初二的同学马上能感觉到初二知识的难度和初一不是一个级别，比如初二数学含中考60%的考点，中考几何最难得辅助线构造都在初二进行学习！
初二全年成长历程事件
初二上学期的初步适应阶段，学生逐渐进入初二的学习状态
开始接触新学科物理，熟悉物理课程特点；初中几何难度开始出现较大提高；十一长假，学生容易开始出现松懈情绪。
11月初-11月底
初二上学期学习中间过渡阶段
学生学习习惯和态度逐渐形成； 初二上的学习情况逐渐定型。
12月初-1月中旬
初二上学期的深入学习和收尾阶段
学习内容和难度进一步扩大和加两极分化现象初步显露。
1月下旬-2月中下旬
初二寒假阶段
利用难得空闲时间做好期末考试的检查和反思工作； 未雨绸缪，要做好预习工作，提前分担初二下的压力。
2月底-4月底
初二学年的重要转型阶段
物理课程内容开始由直观定性，转向抽象定量；学生成绩下滑明显，导致学习兴趣开始下降，厌学情绪初步滋生；学生两极分化程度开始加深。
初中学习能力和中考核心竞争力形成的关键阶段
各科难度和容量最为集中的时期；很多同学前期积累的问题开始集中爆发；
初二学年最后收官和学生实力基本定型阶段。
两极分化达到高峰； 初中过渡阶段宣告结束，学生学习习惯和实力基本定型。
重视知识体系
初三的学习不再只是关注“点”，更多的是关注“面”，关注点与点之间的联系。
中考复习有三种境界：第一种境界：做一道题，会一道题。第二种境界：做一道题，会一类题。第三种境界：做一道题，会出一题。
初三全年成长历程事件
学校做学期分析，制定合理计划
新内容加速学习，重点内容学习时段调整
期末考试（元调），完成初中数学基础知识的学习
总复习开始
尽快学完初三下课程，进入全面复习阶段
次年3月―4月底
开始第一轮总复习；回顾所有知识
二轮复习、专项复习及总复习；查漏补缺
次年6月初至中下旬
中考最后冲刺复习，状态与心态调整
如何规划初中三年
初一：适应初中的学习节奏、方法和方式，做好文科的积累
小学生进入初中首先遇到的问题是不会听讲、不会记笔记，会的做不对。
小学知识比较简单，偶而听一耳朵就能明白，没养成听讲和记笔记的习惯。中学知识相对连贯性和逻辑性更强，一个点没听明白，另外一个点接不上，导致不会做题。所以小学时候家长可以有意识进行听力和坐功练习，比如听完一个故事后让孩子进行复述，学习钢琴和其他乐器，并不是要成为音乐家，让孩子得坐得住，静下心来。
小学时候有意识可以培养孩子做笔记的习惯，我看很多家长小升初时候帮助孩子记笔记，我认为这需要对孩子进行锻炼。记笔记记多了，慢慢就知道该记什么，不该记什么。
最重要的两件事情，一个是改变思维习惯，一个是做好文科知识的积累。
改变思维习惯，中学和小学最大的区别，在于理科中以字母为主，而小学生总是把字母当成一个具体的整数去思考，举特例不考虑一般情况。无法将数的范围从自然数扩展到有理数和实数，需要很长时间去改变这种思维习惯。
文科知识的积累在初一做好也很关键，初一理科学习任务相对较轻，思维量不大。需要做好语文与英语的词汇和阅读的积累，想总成绩拨尖靠的是各科均衡，不可能一科、两科打天下。尤其是小学很多很聪明的小男生，语文和英语是弱项，到初三想短时间补上来难度相当大，记忆量太大，不可能牢固和扎实。再加上物理和化学难度的增加，初三只能疲于应付，很容易失去斗志。初一时间比较充裕，做点文科知识储备工作很有必要。
家长做什么：督促认真完成作业，检查课堂笔记的整理情况，及时改正不良学习习惯。
初二：做好文科积累和理科学习方法和思想的提炼
文科积累需要日积月累，长期坚持很重要，英语尤其是阅读量三年需要达到15万字。学习有余力的可以考虑初二开始阅读初三的文章，初三能阅读高一、高二的文章那样中考是游刃有余了。
语文课外阅读的积累也很重要，多读多写多背是家常便饭。当阅读和写作成为一种习惯的时候，就好办了。兴趣和爱好是需要时间来积累和培养的。
理科数学的知识难度开始增大，物理开始学习。要让随时思考成为一种习惯，更重要！
数学从知识点上来说60%的知识点在初二完成，需要有扎实的基础知识作保障，难题是需要从基础知识入手寻找突破点。
初一、初二重视基础知识的理解很重要。
提高对基础知识的理解需要从三个方面入手：
（1）做一定量的基础知识题目题目，理解定理、定义和性质的含义；
（2）通过做难题对知识点内涵深入理解，反过来再去重新审视基础知识，能建立起知识点的数学模型；
（3）通过做一题多解、多题一解、一题多变对知识点深入和透彻的理解，达到一个能灵活和综合应用的高度。
理科学习需要学会质疑和归纳总结，在思辨中提高自己的能力！！！能力储备很重要。
家长做什么：及时发现各科问题所在，和班主任、任课老师及时沟通。如果是理解上存在问题，可以适当报班。
初三：各科知识成体系，提升高度和深度，适当学习高中知识
初三上学期大概11月份左右，各科除化学外其他知识基本学完，融汇贯通是初三的主题和目标。
文科的语文有大量的文言文和语文基础知识需要记忆，初一初二有积累的同学会稍微轻松些。作文素材积累需要反复对作文进行修改。
英语的词汇、句型和阅读也需要大量的积累，这时候开始感觉到时间不够了！
理科的学习重点这时候是综合应用，需要将三个、四个知识点综合应用，需要良好的运算和思考作功底，思维能力好的学生成绩优势开始显现！
理科的综合应用是建立基础知识扎实的基础上的。三到四个知识点的综合，可以从一个知识点寻找突破口，将各个知识点的性质、定义、定理相互串连起来，寻找方法和思路。从不同知识点作为突破口有不同的方法，就有一题多解，比较各种方法寻找最简捷的方法。多做这种训练比多做题更重要，可以为做其他题目节约宝贵的时间。
很多同学认为题目我只要做出答案就可以了，不需要最简单的方法，我可以用这个时间去做更多的题目。初三学习最需要的是效率，强科需要的是深度和高度。
很多同学用最容易想到的方法把题解出来就得了，不去做方法和知识体系的优化。用最容易想到的方法未必是最简单的方法，计算和步骤相对较多些，存在多作时间和出错概率增大的风险！（当然别无选择时先做出来为上，这就是要平时多做一题多解的原因，就知道找到最简捷的方法）想的多步骤少，想的少就写得多算得多，这也算是一种守恒吧！
真正优秀的学生是善于做方法和知识的总结、归类、完善，循序渐进！记住巧来源于多做题多思考多总结。一题多解找巧法，多题一解找通法。有时候会起到起死回生的作用，用学生的话说快没血的时候可以救命，满血回归，很给力！
学有余力的同学可以学习初高中有衔接的高中知识，文理科都一样。
学习后做中考题目会轻松些，并节约时间。理科更是如此，使用初中方法做题需要添加辅助线，有时候容易卡壳，高中的方法会更简单和快捷。对于选择填空和直接写出结果的题目使用，一是节约时间，二是从长远来讲为初高中的过渡打下良好的基础。我是一个2016年读完初三，中考考的还可以，但是我选择不读了，出来了_百度知道
我是一个2016年读完初三，中考考的还可以，但是我选择不读了，出来了
我是一个2016年读完初三，中考考的还可以，但是我选择不读了，出来了一年。但现在我很后悔，我想读职高，然后参加高考，因为我不想错过机会，请问云南有没有可以适合我的学校？求帮助...
我是一个2016年读完初三，中考考的还可以，但是我选择不读了，出来了一年。但现在我很后悔，我想读职高，然后参加高考，因为我不想错过机会，请问云南有没有可以适合我的学校？求帮助。
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人这一生，不是什么事情都可以做实验的。好歹你还能及早的悔悟，发现自己的错误，否则这一生就永远都没有机会再进入较高的层次了。就是你现在努力的追赶，也已经错过了最佳路径。就是明显的走了弯路了。人啊，为什么非要拿自己的一生幸福开玩笑，任性的自残呢？为什么非要等到拉出了血才知道疼呢？
对啊，我现在知道了，也真的好后悔
可以，不过要去报名
可我都不了解呀？这就是我现在一直在想办法的原因
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初一至初三全程英语知识点总结及练习
来源：　 9:07:56　【】　
初一年级（上）【知识梳理】 I. 重点短语1. Sit down2. on duty3. in English4. have a seat5. at home6. look like7. look at8. have a look9. come on10. at work11. at school12. put on13. look after14. get up15. go shoppingII. 重要句型1. help sb. do sth.2. What about…?3. Let’s do sth.4. It’s time to do sth.5. It’s time for …6. What’s…? It is…/ It’s…7. Where is…? It’s….8. How old are you? I’m….9. What class are you in? I’m in….10. Welcome to….11. What’s …plus…? It’s….12. I think…13. Who’s this? This is….14. What can you see？ I can see….15. There is (are) ….16. What colour is it (are they)? It’s (They’re)…17. Whose …is this? It’s….18. What time is it? It’s….III. 交际用语1. Good morning, Miss/Mr….2. Hello! Hi!3. Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you, too.4. How are you? I’m fine, thank you/thanks. And you?5. See you. See you later.6. Thank you! You’re welcome.7. Goodbye! Bye!8. What’s your name? My name is ….9. Here you are. This way, please.10. Who’s on duty today?11. Let’s do.12. Let me see.IV. 重要语法1. 动词be的用法；2. 人称代词和物主代词的用法；3. 名词的单复数和所有格的用法；4. 冠词的基本用法；5. There be句型的用法。【名师讲解】1. in/on&& 在表示空间位置时，in表示在某个空间的范围以内，on表示在某一个物体的表面之上。例如：&& There is a bird in the tree. 树上有只鸟。&& There is a picture on the wall. 墙上有张图。2. this/that/these/those& (1)this常常用来指在时间、地点上更接近讲话人的人和事，these是this的复数形式。that常常用来指在时间、地点上离讲话人更远一点的人和事，those时that的复数形式。例如：&& You look in this box and I’ll look in that one over there.你看看这个盒子，我去看那边的那个盒子。&& I want this car, not that car. 我想要这辆小汽车，不是那一辆。&& Take these books to his room, please. 请把这些书拿到他房间去。&& T that’s yours. 这个是我的，那个是你的。&& T those are oranges. 这些是苹果，那些是橘子。& (2)在打电话的用语中，this常常指的是我，that常常指的是对方。例如：&& This is Mary speaking. Who’s that? 我是玛丽。你是谁？3. There be/ haveThere be "有"，其确切含意为"某处或某时存在某人或某物。"其结构是：There be + 某人或某物 + 表示地点或时间的状语。There be 后面的名词实际上是主语，be 动词的形式要和主语在数上保持一致，be动词后面的名词是单数或不可数名词时用is，名词是复数时用are。例如：(1) There is a big bottle of coke on the table. 桌上有一大瓶子可乐。(2) There is a doll in the box. 那个盒子里有个娃娃。(3) There are many apples on the tree. 那树上有许多苹果。总之，There be结构强调的是一种客观存在的"有"。have表示"拥有，占有，具有"，即：某人有某物(sb. have / has sth.)。主语一般是名词或代词，与主语是所属关系。例如：(4) I have two brothers and one sister.我有两个兄弟，一个姐姐。(5) That house has four rooms.那所房子有四个房间。4. look/ see/ watch (1)look 表示“看、瞧”，着重指认真看，强调看的动作，表示有意识地注意看，但不一定看到，以提醒对方注意。，如：Look! The children are playing computer games. 瞧！孩子们在玩电脑游戏。Look! What’s that over there? 看！那边那个是什么？单独使用是不及物动词，如强调看某人/物，其后接介词at，才能带宾语，如：He’s looking at me。他正在看着我。(2)see强调“看”的结果，着重的是look这个动作的结果，意思是“看到”，see是及物动词，后面能直接跟宾语。如：What can you see in the picture? 你能在图上看到什么？Look at the blackboard. What did you see on it?看黑板！你看到了什么？(3)watch“观看，注视”，侧重于场面，表示全神贯注地观看、观察或注视某事务的活动，强调过程，常用于“看电视、看足球、看演出”等。如：Yesterday we watched a football match on TV.我们从电视上看了一场足球比赛。4. put on/ / in put on意为“穿上，戴上”。主要指“穿上”这一动作, 后面接表示服装、鞋帽的名词。in 是介词，表示“穿着”强调状态。在句中可以做定语、标语和状语。如：It’s cold outside, put on your coat. 外面冷，穿上你的外衣。He puts on his hat and goes out.& 他戴上帽子，走了出去。The woman in a white blouse is John’s mother.穿白色衬衣的那个妇女是John的妈妈。5. house/ home/familyhouse ：“房子”，指居住的建筑物; Home: “家”，指一个人同家人共同经常居住的地方; Family:& “家庭“，“家庭成员”。例如：Please come to my house this afternoon. 今天下午请到我家来。He is not at home. 他不在家。My family all get up early. 我们全家都起得很早。6. fine, nice, good, well四者都可用作形容词表示"好"之意，但前三者既可作表语又可作定语，而后者仅用作表语。主要区别在于：&& (1) fine指物时表示的是质量上的"精细"，形容人时表示的是"身体健康"，也 可以用来指"天气晴朗"。例如：Your parents are very fine. 你父母身体很健康。That‘s a fine machine. 那是一台很好的机器。It‘s a fine day for a walk today. 今天是散步的好时候。(2)nice主要侧重于人或物的外表，有"美好"，"漂亮"的意思，也可用于问候或赞扬别人。例如：Lucy looks nice. 露西看上去很漂亮。These coats are very nice. 那些裙子很好看。Nice to meet you. 见到你很高兴。It‘s very nice of you. 你真好。(3)good形容人时指"品德好"，形容物时指"质量好"，是表示人或物各方面都好的普通用语。例如：Her son is a good student. 她儿子是一个好学生。The red car is very good. 那辆红色小汽车很好。(4)well只可用来形容人的"身体好"，但不能作定语，它也能用作副词作状语，多放在所修饰的动词之后。例如：I‘m very well, thanks. 我身体很好，谢谢。My friends sing well. 我的朋友们歌唱得好。【考点扫描】中考考点在本单元主要集中在：1. 动词be的用法；2. 人称代词和物主代词的用法；3. 名词的单复数和所有格的用法；4. 冠词的基本用法；5. There be句型的用法。6. 本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型；7. 本单元学过的日常交际用语。考试形式可以是单项填空、完型填空、短文填空、完成句子。【中考范例】1. (2004年北京市中考试题)& Mary, please show ________ your picture.& A. my& B. mine& C. I& D. me【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是人称代词和物主代词的用法。本题中动词show后面跟双宾语，空白处应填入人称代词的宾格me作宾语。2. (2004年上海市徐汇区中考试题)& _________ orange on the desk is for you, Mike.& A. A& B.An& C. /& D. The【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是冠词的基本用法。因为是特指课桌上的那个橘子，所以用定冠词the。3. (2004年哈尔滨市中考试题)& -What _______ the number of the girls in your class?& -About twenty.& A. is& B. am& C. are& D. be【解析】答案：A。该题考查的是动词be的用法和主谓一致。the number作主语，应该是单数第三人称，动词be变为is。4. (2004年陕西省中考试题)& There _______ a football match on TV this evening.& A. will have& B. is going to be& C. has& D. is going to have【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是There be…句型和动词have用法区别。There be句型本身就表示“在某个地方存在某个人或物”，不能和动词have混在一起用。【满分演练】一. 单项填空1. -What colour is the bike? -It’s _______ orange.A. an& B. a& C. /& D. the2. That isn’t her bag. It’s ________.& A. my& B. I& C. mine& D. me3. -Oh, your kite is very nice.& -__________________.& A. That’s right& B. No, it’s not nice& C. Yes, it is& D. Thank you4. The woman is sixty, but she _______ young.& A. is& B. sees& C. looks& D. watches5. It’s time ________ lunch. Let’s go home.& A. to& B. in& C. for& D. on6. -________ is your coat?& -The black one.& A. What& B. Where& C. Which& D. How7. -________ is the toy?& -It’s on the bed.& A. Who& B. Where& C. What& D. Whose8. The shoes are too old. Put ________ over there.& A. it& B. they& C. their& D. them9. Excuse me. Can you _______ my watch, please?& A. look& B. look like& C. look after& D. look at10. Look _______ the blackboard and listen _______ the teacher.& A. / /&& B. to& C. /& D. after11. -Whose dress is this?&& -It’s _________.& A. Lucy& B. Lucy’s& C. Jim& D. Jim’s12. The girl ______ the purple coat is his sister.& A. at& B. in& C. on& D. with13. There is a bird ______ the tree.& A. in& B. on& C. to& D. of14. There are many ________ in our school.& A. woman teachers&& B. woman teacher& C. women teacher&& D. women teachers15. -Is there a ball under the desk?&& -______________________.& A. Yes, it is&&&&&&&& B. Yes, there’s& C. No, there isn’t&&&&&& D. No, there is16. There _______ some books and a pencil on the desk.& A. am& B. is& C. are& D. be17. -Let me help you.&& -_______________.& A. You’re welcome&& B. Thanks very much& C. Don’t worry&&& D. Yes, thanks18. ______ old man is ______ English teacher.& A. T an& B. An; an& C. T the& D. A; a19. -What _____ five plus six?&& -It’s eleven.& A. am& B. is& C. are& D. /20. -What ______ you see in the picture?&& -I can see some flowers.& A. must& B. can& C. are& D. do二. 完形填空&& This is a picture of Kat’s ____1____. What can we ____2_____ in the picture? Look ____3____ it, please. The man ____4____ the black coat is Kate’s father, Mr. Green. The ____5____ in the red sweater is Mrs. Green. They ____6____ young. The baby is Kate. The little boy is Kate’s ____7_____, Jim. ___8____ the man behind Mrs. Green? Oh, he’s ____9___ brother, Mr. Read. He ____10____ young, too.1. A. families& B. family& C. parents& D. brothers2. A. look&& B. do&& C. see&& D.put3. A. at&& B. after&& C. for&& D. up4. A. on&& B. of&& C. in&& D. to5. A. man&& B. girl&& C. women&& D. woman6. A. are&& B. is&& C. look like& D. looking7. A. sister&& B. brother& C. father&& D. aunt8. A. What’s&& B. Where’s C. Who’s&& D. How is9. A. his&& B. her&& C. our&& D. their10. A. looks&& B. am&& C. look&& D. very三. 在B栏中找出A栏英语句子的正确答语&& (A)&&&&&&&&&& (B)1. How are you?&&&&&& A. I am in Row 6.2. Can you spell it, please?&& B. Fine, thank you.3. How do you do?&&&& C. Yes, b-o-o-k, book.4. What row are you in?&&& D. It is ten.5. What’s two plus eight?&& E. Nice to meet you, too.6. Nice to meet you.&&&& F. I am 14.7. How old are you?&&&& G. Wang Ping is.8. Who’s not here?&&&& H. It’s here.9. Where is the bag?&&&& I. It’s a book.10. What is this in English?&& J. How do you do?四. 完成对话：在对话后面的句子中选出正确的填入空白处Jim:& Excuse me, Ann. Whose black dog is this? Is it yours?Ann:& Let me have a look.________1_______. I think it’s Sam’s. My dog is brown.Jim:& Sam, look at the dog behind the tree.________2__________?Sam:& Sorry, it isn’t mine. My dog is black and white. I think it looks like Mary’s.Jim:& _____________3______________?Sam:& She’s my friend. Look! She’s over there. Let’s go and ask her.Jim:& _______________4_______________.Sam:& Hi, Mary! Is that dog yours?Mary: _______________5_______________.Sam:& It’s a lovely dog! Don’t lose it!Mary: Yes, thank you.A. Who’s MaryB. OK, let’s goC. Oh, no it’s not mineD. Oh, yes. It’s mineE. Is it yours五. 用所给单词的适当形式填空1. ________ (He) pen is in ______ (I) pencil-box.2. ________ (You) shoes ________ (be) under the bed.3. ________ (Who) new ruler is this?4. -Are these trousers _______ (you)?& -No, they aren’t ________ (we)5. It’s time ________ (go) and play games.6. This is my pen. Please give it to ________ (I).7. I have two ________ (baby).8. Look! That is a ________ (China) car.9. It is __________ (my teacher) sweater.10. Now her ________ ( parent) are in America.六. 阅读理解&&&&&&&&&& (A)&& Bob was born in a big and rich family. His father is a university professor. He teaches American history. His mother is a very capable woman. She is the manager of a big company. She earns a lot of money, of course. Bob has two sisters and a brother. His elder sister, Jenny, is fourteen. She studies in a middle school. His younger sister, Ann, is ten. She studies in a private primary school. She has a very good memory. She is clever. His younger brother, Dick, is only six. He has just started going to school. Bob gets on well with his family. He is on good terms not only with his parents, but also with his sisters and brother. (have a friendly relationship with sb.) He is, in a word, an apple in their eyes.根据短文的内容，判断下列句子的正误：正确地答“A”，错误的答“B”。1. Bob was born in a small and rich family.2. He has two brothers and a sister.3. There are five people in his family.4. Dick is only six. He studies in a private primary school.5. “He is an apple in their eyes” means “They love him very much”.&&&&&&&&& (B)Look at the clothes line in the twins‘ bedroom. There are some clothes on it. You can see a green blouse and a yellow skirt. The trousers on the clothes line are black. They are not new but clean. Are they Lily‘s clothes? No. I know they are Lucy‘s. Lily‘s clothes are on a clothes tree near the window. Her trousers are brown, her blouse is white and her skirt is blue. There is a new hat on the clothes tree, but it‘s not Lily‘s, it‘s Lucy‘s. There is an old hat on Lucy‘s bed in the room, it‘s Lily‘s. There are no clothes on the other bed, the bed is Lily‘s.1. What can you see in the bedroom? I can see __________.A. a clothes line&& B. a tree& C. a bed2. What colour are Lucy‘s trousers? They are ________.A. green& B. black& C. brown3. Where is Lucy‘s hat? It‘s on _________.A. the clothes tree& B. the clothes line& C. lily‘s bed4. How many beds are there in the room? ________.A. only one& B. three& C. two5. Are there any things on Lily‘s bed? ________.A. Yes, there is a hat on itB. No, there is not anything on itC. Sorry, I don‘t know&&&&&&&&&&&& (C) It‘s a fine Sunday morning. Ann and her mother are in a big bus. There are many people in it. Some of them come from America, and some come from England and Canada. They are all their friends. They are going to the Great Wall.&& There are two Chinese in the bus. One is woman. She is driving the bus. The other is a young man. He speaks good English. He is now talking about the Great Wall. The other people are all listening to him. They like the Great Wall. They want to see it very much.1. Ann and mother are going to the Great Wall __________.& A. by bike&& B. by car& C. by plane&& D. by bus2. There are __________.& A. only one Chinese in the bus& B. only two Chinese in the bus& C. only two Chinese on the bike& D. only one Chinese in the car3. The driver is __________.& A. a man& B. a woman& C. a Canadian& D. an American4. The people __________.& A. are singing& B. are talking& C. are listening& D. are looking at the wall5. They __________.& A. can see the Great Wall&&&&& B. can speak English very well.& C. want to talk with the man very much& D. want to see the Great Wall very much 初一年级（下）【知识梳理】 I. 重点短语1. a bottle of2. a little3. a lot (of)4. all day5. be from6. be over7. come back8. come from9. do one’s homework10. do the shopping11. get down12. get home13. get to14. get up15. go shopping16. have a drink of17. have a look18. have breakfast 19. have lunch20. have supper21. listen to22. not…at all23. put…away24. take off25. throw it like that26. would like27. in the middle of the day28. in the morning / afternoon/ evening29. on a farm30. in a factoryII. 重要句型1. Let sb. do sth.2. Could sb. do sth.?3. would like sth.4. would like to do sth.5. What about something to eat?6. How do you spell …?7. May I borrow…?III. 交际用语1. ―Thanks very much!―You‘re welcome.2. Put it/them away.3. What‘s wrong?4. I think so.I don‘t think so.5. I want to take some books to the classroom.6. Give me a bottle of orange juice, please.Please give it / them back tomorrow. OK.9. What‘s your favourite sport?10. Don‘t worry.11.I’m (not) good at basketball.12. Do you want a go?13. That‘s right./ That‘s all right./ All right.14. Do you have a dictionary / any dictionaries?Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.15. We / They have some CDs.We / They don’t have any CDs.16. -What day is it today / tomorrow?-It’s Monday.17. -May I borrow your colour pens, please?&-Certainly. Here you are.18. -Where are you from?-From Beijing.19. What‘s your telephone number in New York?20. -Do you like hot dogs?-Yes, I do. ( A little. / A lot. / Very much.)-No, I don‘t. ( I don‘t like them at all.)21. -What does your mother like?-She likes dumplings and vegetables very much.22. -When do you go to school every day?-I go to school at 7:00 every day.23. -What time does he go to bed in the evening?-He goes to bed at 10:00. IV. 重要语法1.人称代词的用法；2. 祈使句；3. 现在进行时的构成和用法；4．动词have的用法；5．一般现在时构成和用法；6．可数名词和不可数名词的构成和用法【名师讲解】1.&That‘s right./ That‘s all right./ All right.That’s right意为“对的”，表示赞同对方的意见、看法或行为，肯定对方的答案或判断。例如："I think we must help the old man.""我想我们应该帮助这位老人。""That‘s right."或 "You‘re right.""说得对"。That’s all right.意为“不用谢”、“没关系”，用来回答对方的致谢或道歉。例如："Many thanks." "That‘s all right.""Sorry. It‘s broken." "That‘s all right."All right.意为“行了”、“可以”，表示同意对方的建议或要求。有时还可以表示“身体很好”"Please tell me about it." "请把此事告诉我。""All right.""好吧。"Is your mother all right?你妈身体好吗2. make/do这两个词都可以解释为“做”，但含义却不同，不能混用。make指做东西或制东西，do指做一件具体的事。Can you make a paper boat for me? 你能为我做个纸船吗？He’s doing his homework now.他正在做他的作业。3. say/speak/talk/tellsay：是最口语化的最普通的一个词，意为“说出”、“说道”，着重所说的话。如：& “I want to go there by bus” , he said . 他说，“我要坐汽车到那里去。”Please say it in English .请用英语说。speak : “说话”，着重开口发声，不着重所说的内容，一般用作不及物动词 (即后面不能直接接宾语 ) 。如：Can you speak about him? 你能不能说说他的情况？I don’t like to speak like this. 我不喜欢这样说话。speak 作及物动词解时，只能和某种语言等连用，表达在对话中恰当使用词汇的能力。如：She speaks English well.她英语说得好。talk : 与 speak 意义相近，也着重说话的动作，而不着重所说的话，因此，一般也只用作不及物动词， 不过，talk 暗示话是对某人说的，有较强的对话意味，着重指连续地和别人谈话。如：I would like to talk to him about it . 我想跟他谈那件事。Old women like to talk with children.老年妇女喜欢和孩子们交谈。tell : “告诉”，除较少情况外，一般后面总接双宾语。如：He’s telling me a story.他在给我讲故事。tell a lie 撒谎tell sb. to do sth. /tell sb. not to do sth.Miss Zhao often tells us to study hard.4. do cooking/ do the cookingdo cooking 作“做饭”解，属泛指。do the cooking 特指某一顿饭或某一家人的饭。cooking为动名词，不能用作复数，但前面可用 some, much修饰。从do some cooking可引出许多类似的短语：do some washing 洗些衣服do some shopping 买些东西do some reading 读书do some writing 写些东西do some fishing 钓鱼从以上短语可引申出另一类短语，不能用some, much或定冠词。go shopping 去买东西go fishing 去钓鱼go boating 去划船go swimming 去游泳5. like doing sth./ like to do sth.like doing sth. 与like to do sth. 意思相同，但用法有区别。前者强调一般性的爱好或者表示动作的习惯性和经常性；后来表示一次性和偶然性的动作。例如：He likes playing football, but he doesn‘t like to play football with Li Ming.他喜欢踢足球，但是他不喜欢和李明踢。6. other/ others/ the other/ anotherother表其余的，别的，& Have you any other questions?你还有其他问题吗?others 别的人，别的东西& In the room some people are American, the others are French.在屋子里一些人是美国人,其他的是法国人。the other表另一个（二者之中）one…，the other…One of my two brothers studies English, 　the other studies Chinese.我两个哥哥中的一个学习英文,另一个学中文。another表三者以上的另一个，另一些There is room for another few books on the shelf.书架上还可以放点书。7. in the tree/ on the treein the tree 与 on the tree.译成中文均为"在树上"但英语中有区别。in the tree表示某人、某事（不属于树本身生长出的别的东西）落在树上，表示树的枝、叶、花、果等长在树上时，要使用on the tree.如：& There are some apples on the tree. 那棵树上有些苹果。& There is a bird in the tree. 那棵树上有只鸟。8. some/ any (1)some和 any既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。但有以下两点需要 注意。some常用于肯定句中，any常用于否定句和疑问句中。如：There is some water in the glass.Is there any water in the glass?There isn‘t any water in the glass.(2)在说话者希望得到肯定答复的一般疑问句中，或在表示请求，邀请的疑问句中，我们依然用some。如：Would you like some tea?9. tall/ high (1)说人，动物，树木等有生命的东西，主要用tall，不用high，例如 && a tall woman 一个高个子妇女&& a tall horse 一个高大的马 (2)说一个不与地面接触的人和物的高时，要用high，而不用tall，比如人站在桌子上时，飞机飞上天时，例如： He is high up in the tree. 他高高地爬在树上。 The plane is so high in the sky. 飞机在空中这么高。 (3)指建筑物、山时要tall或high都可以，不过high的程度比tall高。 (4)high可作副词，tall不能。 (5)tall的反义词为short, high的反义词为low.10. can/ could(1) can表示体力和脑力方面的能力，或根据客观条件能做某种动作的"能力"。例如：&Can you ride a bike？ 你会骑自行车吗？&What can I do for you？ 要帮忙吗？&Can you make a cake？你会做蛋糕吗？(2) can用在否定句和疑问句中时有时表示说话人的"怀疑""猜测"或不肯定。例如：Where can he be？他会在什么地方呢？Can the news be true？这个消息会是真的吗？It surely can‘t be six o‘clock already？不可能已经六点钟了吧？You can‘t be hungry so soon，Tom，you‘ve just had lunch.汤姆，你不可能饿得这么快，你刚吃过午饭。What can he mean？他会是什么意思？在日常会话中，can可代替may表示"允许"，may比较正式。例如：You can come in any time.你随时都可以来。- Can I use your pen？我能用你的钢笔吗？- Of course，you can.当然可以。You can have my seat，I‘m going now.我要走了，你坐我的座位吧。(3) couldcould 是 can的过去式，表示过去有过的能力和可能性（在否定和疑问句中）。例如：&& The doctor said he could help him.（能力）医生说他能帮助他。&& Lily could swim when she was four years old.（能力）&& 当丽丽四岁的时候她就会游泳。At that time we thought the story could be true.（可能性）那时我们以为所说的可能是真的。&& could可代替can表示现在时间的动作，但语气较为婉转。例如：Could I speak to John，please？我能和约翰说话吗？&& Could you？在口语中表示请求对方做事。例如：Could you wait half an hour？请你等半个小时好吗？Could you please ring again at six？六点钟请你再打电话好吗？(4) can的形式只有现在式can和过去式could两种形式。能表示一般现在和一般过去两种时态，有时也能表示将来。所有其他时态（包括将来时）须用be able to加动词不定式来表示。例如：&& They have not been able to come to Beijing.&& 他们没有能到北京来。11. look for/ findlook for 意为“寻找”，而find意为“找到，发现”，前者强调“找”这一动作，并不注重“找”的结果，而后者则强调“找”的结果。例如：She can’t find her ruler. 她找不到她的尺子啦。Tom is looking for his watch，but he can’t find it.汤姆正在寻找他的手表，但没能找到。12. be sleeping/ be asleepbe sleeping 表示动作，意思是“正在睡觉”；be asleep 表示状态，意思是“睡着了”。如：-What are the children doing in the room? 孩子们在房间里做什么？-They are sleeping.他们正在睡觉。The children are asleep now.现在孩子们睡着了。13. often/ usually/sometimesoften表示"经常"，sometimes表示"有时候"，在表示发生频率上often要高于usually，usually要高于sometimes。这三个词表示的是经常性，一般性的动作或情况，常与一般现在时连用，常位于主要谓语动词的前面，其他谓语动词（be动词，情态动词和助动词）的后面，有时也可位于句尾。如果要加强语气，则放在句首。 We usually play basketball after school.我们通常放学后打篮球。Sometimes I go to bed early.有时，我睡觉很早。He often reads English in the morning.他经常在早晨读英语。14. How much/ How manyhow much常用来询问某一商品的价格，常见句式是How much is / are…?How much is the skirt?& 这条裙子多少钱？How much are the bananas?& 这些香蕉多少钱？how much后加不可数名词，表示数量，意为“多少“，how many后加可数名词的复数形式。How much meat do you want?& 你要多少肉呀？How many students are there in your class?& 你们班有多少人？15. be good for/ be good to/ be good atbe good for 表示"对……有好处"，而be bad for表示"对……有害"；be good to表示"对……友好"，而be bad to表示"对……不好"；be good at表示"擅长，在……方面做得好"，而be bad at表示"在……方面做得不好"。&& Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.做眼保健操对你的眼睛有好处。&& Eating too much is bad for you health.吃的太多对你的身体有害。&& Miss Li is good to all of us.李老师对我们所有的人都很友好。&& The boss is bad to his workers.这个老板对他的工人不好。&& Li Lei is good at drawing, but I‘m bad at it.李雷擅长画画，但是我不擅长。16. each/ everyeach 和every都有"每一个"的意思，但含义和用法不相同。each从个体着眼，every从整体着眼。each 可用于两者或两者以上，every只用于三者或三者以上。&& We each have a new book.&& 我们每人各有一本新书。&& There are trees on each side of the street.&& 街的两旁有树。&& He gets up early every morning.&& 每天早晨他都起得早。each可以用作形容词、副词和代词；every只能用作形容词。Each of them has his own duty.他们各人有各人的义务。They each want to do something different.他们每个人都想做不同的事情。17. 一般现在时/现在进行时一般现在时表示经常性的或习惯性的动作或存在的状态，也表示说话者的能力，还有自然现象；而现在进行时表示正在进行或发生的动作（构成方式为am/is /are/+doing）。I do my homework in the evening.我在晚上做作业。I‘m doing my homework now.我现在正在做作业。现在进行时常与now, these days, at the moment 或Look, listen等词连用；而一般现在时常与often, always, sometimes, usually, every day, in the morning, on Mondays等连用。We often clean the classroom after school.我们经常放学后打扫教室。Look! They are cleaning the classroom .看！他们正在打扫教室呢。【考点扫描】中考考点在本单元主要集中在：1．动词一般现在时和现在进行时的用法，人称代词的用法，可数名词和不可数名词的构成和用法。2．本册书中常见的交际用语3．本册书中一些重点的词组和短语考试形式往往是单项填空、完形填空、短文改错和短文填空。【中考范例】1.（2004年安徽省中考试题）& -Hurry up! We’re all waiting for you.& -I ________ for an important phone call. Go without me.& A. wait& B. was waiting& C. am waiting& D. waited& 【解析】答案：C。表示现在正在进行的动作，用现在进行时。2. (2004年长春市中考试题)& Could you help ____ with _______ English, please?A. I, my& B. me, me& C. me, my& D. my, I& 【解析】答案：C。第一个空作宾语，应用人称代词的宾格me, 第二个空作定语，应用形容词性物主代词my。3.(2004年长春市中考试题)Dr. White can _______ French very well.A. speak& B. talk& C. say& D. tell& 【解析】答案：A。说什麽语言常用动词speak。4.（2004年黄冈中考试题）English is spoken by ______ people.A. a lot& B. much many& C. a large number of& D. a great deal of【解析】答案：C。只有a large number of 能用来修饰复数可数名词people。【满分演练】一. 单项选择1. There is some ______ on the plate.& A. cakes& B. meat& C. potato& D. pears2. Uncle Wang wants ______ the machine like a bike.& A. ride& B. riding& C. rides& D. to ride3. Tom usually goes to bed ________ ten o‘clock in the evening.& A. at& B. in& C. on& D. of4. ______ picture books in class, please.& A. Not read& B. No read& C. Not reading& D. Don‘t read5. The box is too heavy. Let ________ help you to carry it.& A. we& B. us& C. ours& D. our6. Hurry up, ______ we‘ll be late for the meeting.& A. and& B. but& C. then& D. or7. People usually ______ "hello" to each other when they make a phone call.& A. say& B. speak& C. tell& D. talk8. Look! She ________ a kite for her son.& A. makes& B. is making& C. make& D. making9. These shoes are yours. Please ________.& A. put on them& B. put on it& C. put them on& D. put it on10. She often gets ______ very late.& A. home& B. at home& C. to home& D. in home11. I think the shop is closed ________ this time of day.& A. in& B. on& C. at& D. for12. I want ______ of meat, please.& A. half kilo&& B. a half kilo& C. half a kilo& D. a kilo half13. - Is this black ruler ________?&& - No. It‘s ________.& A. yours, his& B. your, his& C. yours, him& D. you, he14. ________ book on the desk is a useful（重要的）one.& A. A& B. An& C. The& D. /15. Grandma is ill. We have to take her to the ________.& A. farm& B. post office& C. hotel& D. hospital16. Liu Mei often helps her mother ________ housework.& A. does& B. do& C.doing& D. to doing17. We watch evening news on ________ at 7:00 in the evening.& A. CCTV& B. CAAC& C. WTO& D. MTV18. There ________ a box of apples on the desk.& A. are& B. is& C. has& D. have19. Would you like ________ with me?& A. go& B. to go& C. going& D. goes20. Sometimes his brother ________ TV after supper.& A. watch&& B. sees&& C. watches&& D. is watching二. 填空A. 根据句义和首字母写出所缺的单词1. Kate‘s glass is empty. She wants a f______ one.2. I think my father can help you m______ your broken bike.3. I have two pencils. One is short, the other is l______.4. Please open the w______. It‘s getting hot here.5. Something is w______ with my bike. May I borrow yours?B. 根据句意，用括号中所给词的适当形式填空1. There are some ________ there, talking loudly. (woman)2. This blouse isn‘t hers. It‘s ________. (my)3. The people on the farm are very ________. (friend)4. Do you know ________? (he)5. Tom‘s uncle can drive cars. He is a good ________. (drive)C. 选词并用其适当形式填空work, close, look, have, teacher, pen, eat, China, play, climb 1. This is our ________ desk. Ours are over there.2. Bill has three ________. One is new and the other two are old.3. His uncle ________ very young but he is over forty.4. Let‘s ________ basketball after class.5. Look! The cats are ________ up the trees.6. The shop isn‘t open. It‘s ________.7. My brother ________ some new picture books.8. In our classroom there is a large map of ________.9. Mum, please give me something to ________. I‘m very hungry.10. Does Mr Green like ________ in this Chinese school?三. 根据对话内容，从方框中选择恰当的句子完成对话A. Please give it back soon. B. It‘s over there C. Certainly. When do you want it?D. Thank you very much.E. Black and red, and it‘s not very new.A: Excuse me, Lin Tao!B: Yes?A: My bike is broken. Can I borrow yours?B: __1____. A: This afternoon.B: OK. Here‘s the key.A: ____2__. But where is it?B: __3____.A: What colour is it?B: __4____.A: I see. I think I can find it.B: ___5___.A: All right. See you!四. 完型填空 && These days men and women , young and old are ___1_____ the same kind of ___2____, and a lot of ___3_____ have long hair（头发）. We often can‘t ___4_____whether they are boys or girls, men or women.&& ___5_____ old man often goes to walk in the park. He is sitting on a chair now. A young person is ___6_____ ___7_____ him.&& "Oh, goodness!" the old man says to the other one. "Do you ___8_____ that person with long hair? Is it a boy or a girl?"&& "A boy," says the other one. "He is my son." "Oh," says the old man, "Please ____9____ me. I don‘t know you are his ____10____." "I‘m not his mother, I‘m his father," says the other one.1. A. having&& B. wearing& C. putting&& D. buying2. A. clothes&& B. trees&& C. pictures& D. Bags3. A. we&&& B. your&& C. them&& D. Theirs4. A. talk&& B. teach&& C. say&& D tell5. A. An&&& B. A&&& C. The&& D. /6. A. running&& B. flying&& C. standing& D. driving7. A. on&&& B. beside&& C. in&&& D. At8. A. see&& B. watch&& C. look&& D. Read9. A. help&& B. excuse& C. teach&& D. Ask10. A. baby& B. sister&& C. father& D. Mother五. 阅读理解( A ) Mr Li teaches Chinese in the USA. He comes back to China every year. He gives us a talk. He says," K Day in the USA is very interesting. All children like it very much. It is on March 7th. When you go out on that day, you can see children running with kites in the open air(露天). When you look up, you can see different kites in the sky（天空）. Some are big, and some are small. They are in different colours. Every kite has a long string(长线). The children begin to run when they get the kites up. Every child has a good time that day.1. Mr Li is _______________. He works in the USA.& A. a worker& B. an English teacher& C. a doctor& D. a Chinese teacher2. Mr Li says something about _______________.& A. how to study English& B. K Day in the USA& C. his work in the USA& D. playing in the open air3. March 7th is _________________.& A. Children‘s Day& B. Teachers‘ Day& C. K Day& D. Tree planting Day(植树节)4. Every kite has _____________________.& A. a short string& B. a long string& C. the same colour& D. the same size(大小)5. There are _______________ kites in the sky on that day.& A. all kinds of& B. one kind of& C. three kinds of& D. three( B ) Paula &Monday &Tuesday &Wednesday&& &Thursday &Friday Get up &7:10 a.m. &7:10 a.m. &7:10 a.m. &7:10 a.m. &7:10 a.m. morning &school &school &school &school &school lunch &pizza &rice &rice &rice &rice afternoon &Yo-yo &Table-tennis &Table-tennis &Table-tennis &football evening &homework &homework &television &homework &clothes Go to sleep &10:15 p.m. &10:15 p.m. &10:15 p.m. &10:15 p.m. &10:15 p.m. 根据表格内容选择最佳答案。6. On _______________, Paula usually gets up at 7:10 am.A. Thursdays& B. Wednesdays& C. weekdays& D. weekends7. Pizza is a kind of _________________.A. drink& B. fruit& C. toy& D. food8. Paula‘s favourite sport is _________________.A. volleyball& B. table-tennis& C. yo-yo& D. football9. On Wednesday evenings Paula usually ___________________.A. watches TV&&& B. does her homeworkC. washes her clothes&& D. goes to see her friends10. Which is wrong?A. Paula goes to school from Monday to Friday.B. Paula goes to bed after ten o‘clock.C. Paula has sports in the afternoon.D. Paula usually has Pizza for lunch.六. 根据中文提示和英文词语提示，写出意思连贯、符合逻辑的英文文段：（所有英文提示语必须用上。这位老人来自悉尼。他很热爱中国。他现在在北京教英语。他喜欢在北京工作。1. this, man, come, Sydney2. he, China, very much3. now, teach, in Beijing4. he, say, Beijing, big, beautiful, like, work, here初二年级（上）【知识梳理】 I. 重点短语1. on time 2. best wishes 3. give a talk 4. for example 5. short for6. a waste of time7. go on a field trip8. go fishing9. I agree10. next week11. the day after tomorrow12. have a picnic13. have some problems doing sth.14. go the wrong way15. hurry up16. get together17. in the open air18. on Mid-Autumn Day19. come over20. have to 21. get home 22. agree with 23. in the country24. in town 25. all the same26. in front of27. on the left/right side28. next to 29. up and down30. keep healthy31. grow up32. at the same time33. the day before yesterday35. last Saturday36. half an hour ago37. a moment ago38. just now39. by the way40. all the time41. at firstII. 重要句型1. have fun doing sth. 2. Why don’t you…?3. We’re going to do sth.4. start with sth.5. Why not…? 6. Are you going to…?7. be friendly to sb.8. You’d better do sth.9. ask sb. for sth.10. say goodbye to sb.11. Good luck(with sb)!III. 交际用语1.Welcome backto school!2.Excuse me. I’m sorry I’m late, because the traffic is bad.& 3.It doesn’t matter.4.Happy Teachers’ Day !5.That’s a good idea.6.What are you going to do？7.Where are we going ?8.What are we going to do ? 9.I’m good at…10.It’s not far from…11. Are you free tomorrow evening?12.Would you and Lily like to come over to my home for Mid-Autumn Festival?13.I’m glad you can come.14.Thanks for asking us.15.How about another one?16.May I have a taste?17.Let me walk with you.18.What do you have to do?19.Do you live on a farm?20.Which do you like better, the city or the country?21.Which do you like best, dogs, cats or chickens?22.Shall we go at ten? Good idea!23.-Let’s make it half past one. -OK.24.-Why not come a little earlier? -All right.25.Excuse me. Where’s the nearest post office, please?26.It’s over there on the right.27.I’m sorry I don’t know.28.You’d better…29.Thank you all the same.30.Which bus do I take?31.Go along this road.32.What day was it yesterday?33.I’m sorry to hear that.34.I hope you’re better now.35.Why did you call me?36.I called to tell…IV. 重要语法1.be going to的用法；2.形容词的比较级、最高级；3.形容词和副词的比较4.一般过去时【名师讲解】1. on the street / in the street表示“在街上”时，on the street 和 in the street 都可以，在美国多用on the street, 在英国多用in the street. 例如：We have a house in the street. 我们在街上有座房子。I met him on the street. 我在街上遇见了他。2. would like / like would like 和 like含义不同。like 意思是“喜欢”，“爱好”，而 would like 意思是“想要”。试比较：& I like beer.=I’m fond of beer.& 我喜欢喝啤酒。& I’d like a glass of beer= I want a glass of beer. 我想要一杯啤酒。& Do you like going to the cinema?& 你喜欢看电影吗？& Would you like to go to the cinema tonight?& 你今晚想去看电影吗？3. another / the other(1)another 通常用于三个或三个以上或不确定数量中的任意一个人或 物体。 例如：May I have another apple, please? 请在给我一个苹果好吗？This coat is too small for me. Please show me another这件外套我穿太小，请再给我拿一件看看。& (2)the other 通常指两者中的另一个。例如：He has two rulers. One is short. The other is long. 他有两把尺子，一把短的，另一把长的。I have two brothers. One works in Xi’an . The other works in Beijing. 我有两个兄弟，一个在西安工作，另一个在北京工作。4. have to /must (1)have to和 must 都可以用来谈论义务，但用法略有不同。如果某人主观上觉得必须去做而又想去时，常用must。如果谈论某种来自“外界”的义务，常用have to。例如：I must stop smoking. 我必须戒烟。（自己想戒烟）They have to work for the boss.他们不得不为那个老板工作。（条件逼得他们去工作） (2)have to 可用于多种时态，must 只能用于一般现在时。例如：I’ll have to get up early tomorrow morning.明天早晨我必须早早起床。We had to work long hours every day in order to get more money.为了多挣钱，我们不得不每天长时间地工作。&& (3)用于否定句时，mustn’t意思是“决不能”，“禁止”，而don’t have to意思是“不必”，相当于needn’t。例如：&& You mustn’t be late again next time.下一次你决不能再迟到。&& You don’t have to go there today. You can go there tomorrow.&& 你今天不必到那里去了。你可以明天去。5. hear sb. or sth.doing sth. / herar sb. or sth. do sth.hear sb. or sth.doing sth.意思是“听到某人或某物在做某事”，而hear sb. or sth. do sth.意思是“听到某人或某物做过某事”。试比较：I hear him singing an English song.听见他在唱英歌曲。I heard him sing an English song.我听见他唱一首英文歌。类似hear 这种用法的还有see, watch, listen, feel等感官动词。6. any /someany和some 都可以同不可数名词和可数名词的复数形式连用，但some一般用在肯定句中；any用在疑问句和否定句中。试比较：I want some money. 我想要点钱。Have you any money? 你有钱吗？I don’t have any money. 我一点钱也没有。some 有时也用于疑问句，表示说话人期待一个肯定回答或鼓励人家说“是”。例如：Would you like some more beer?请你再来点啤酒好吗？Could I have some rice, please?请给我来点米饭好吗？7. hear /listen tolisten to 和hear 都有“听”的意思，但含义有所不同。Listen to强调“听”的动作，hear 强调“听”的结果。例如：&& Listen to me ,please! I’m going to tell you a story. 请听我说！我给你们讲个故事。&& Listen! Can you hear someone crying in the next room? 听！你能听见有人在隔壁房间里哭吗？&& I listened, but heard nothing.我听了听，但什么也听不见。hear 后面如果接宾语从句，常常表示“听说”。例如：&& I hear some foreign students will visit our school.我听说一些外国学生将要访问我们学校。&& I hear there is going to be a film in our school this evening.我听说今晚我们学校要演一场电影。&&&&&& 8. Let’s… /Let us…Let’s… 和Let us… 都表示“让我们……”, 如果us 包括听话人在内，其含义相同，附带问句用shall we. 如果us 不包括听话人在内，其含义不同，Let us…的附带问句要用will you。例如：&& Let’s go shopping, shall we? 我们去购物好吗？9. take/ bring/ carry /get这四个动词都有“拿”和“带”的意思，但含义有所不同。take意为“带走”，“拿走”，bring意为“带来”，“拿来”, get表示“到别的地方把某人或某物带来或拿来”，carry不强调方向，带有负重的意思。试比较：My parents often take me there on holidays.我父母常常带我到那里去度假。I’m going to take you to Beijing.我准备带你去北京。Bring me a cup of tea, please.请给我端杯茶来。I’ll bring the book to you tomorrow.明天我把那本书给你带来。The waiter carried the me to the table服务员把肉送到桌上。The monkey carried the bag on her back.猴子把那个包背在背上。She went back to get her handbag.他折回去拿他的手提包。Let me get the doctor.让我去请医生吧。&& 10. far away /faraway& (1)far away是一个副词短语，意思是“很远”。例如：Some are far away. Some are nearer.有些离得很远，有些离得近一些的。The village is far away from here.那个村子离这儿很远。& (2)faraway是一个形容词，意思是“遥远的”，可以在句中作定语。例如：He lives in faraway mountain village.他住在一个遥远的小山村。11. find / look forfind和look for 都有“找”的意思，但含义不同。find 强调“找”的结果，而look for 强调“找”的过程。请看下列例句：He is looking for his bike.他在找他的自行车。I’m looking for my watch, but can’t find it.我在找我的手表，但是找不到。I hope you will soon find your lost ring.希望你尽快找到丢失的戒指。另外，find还有“发现”；“感到”等意思。例如：I found a wallet in the desk.我在课桌里发现了一个钱包。I find this book very interesting.我觉得这本书很有意思。12. in front of /in the front ofIn front of 表示在某物的前面，不在某物的范围内。In the front of 表示在某物的前部，在某物的范围内。试比较：My seat is in front of Mary’s.我的座位在玛丽座位的前面。He is sitting in the front of the car with the driver.他和司机坐在小车的前部。【考点扫描】1. be going to的用法；2. 形容词的比较级、最高级；3. 形容词和副词的比较4. 一般过去时5. 本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型；6. 本单元学过的日常交际用语。【中考范例】1. (2004年烟台市中考试题)& In the exam, the ________ you are, the ________ mistakes you’ll make.& A. carefully, little&&& B. more carefully, fewest& C. more careful, fewer&& D. more careful, less【解析】答案：C。该题考查的是形容词和副词的比较以及他们的比较等级的用法。第一个空应填形容词careful的比较级，因为它在句中作表语，第二个空应填few的比较级，因为它修饰的是复数可数名词。2. (2004年河北省中考试题)& Bob never does his homework _________ Mary. He makes lots of mistakes.& A. so careful& B. as carefully as& C. carefully& D. as careful as【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是形容词和副词的用法比较。该空应填副词，因为它修饰的是动词does。该题用的是not as+副词+as的结构，所以答案应是B。3. (2004年重庆市中考试题)& That day I saw some parents _________ at the back of the classroom, ________ to the teacher.& A. sitting, listened&&&&&&&& B. sat, listened& C. sitting, listening&&&&&&&& D. sat, listening【解析】答案：C。该题考查的是see sb. doing sth.的句型结构和分词作状语的用法。第一个空stting在句中作saw的宾语补足语，第二个空listening做伴随状语。4. (2004年杭州市中考试题)& You ________ open the door before the train gets into the station.& A. don’t have to& B. mustn’t& C. needn’t& D. may not【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是几个情态动词否定式的用法区别。don’t have to和needn’t的意思都是“不必”，may not的意思是“可以不”，只有mustn’t表示“不许”，“禁止”。【满分演练】一. 单项填空1. Welcome back ________school.A. in&& B. at&& C. to&& D. on2. Miss Gao is our new Chinese teacher ________.A. in this term&& B. this termC. on this term&& D. that term3. -I’m sorry I’m late.-_____________.A. OK&&&& B. It doesn’t matterC. All right&& D. Thank you4. Li Mu and Jill are talking _________where they are going.& A. about& B. to& C. with& D. for5. There is very ______food in the house.A. a few& B. little C. a little D. few6. You’d better take a raincoat ____you.A. to& B. with& C. on& D. for7. The children are going to the Great Wall ______a field trip.A. to& B. with& C. on&& D. for8. I’m______hungry. May I have a mooncake?A. a little& B. little& C. a few& D. few9. I’m still hungry. I’d like _________one.A. other& B. another& C. an other& D. the other10.The moon looks ____than the sun, but in fact the sun is ______than the moon.A. big&&&&&& B. bigger C. small&&&&& D. smaller11. I can see them_____football on the playground.A. play& B. playing& C. to play& D. are playing12. Ji Wei runs_________than I.A. fast& B. faster& C. fastest D. the fastest13. I think steamed bread is ____________ hamburger.A. more delicious than& B. most delicious than& C. more delicious to&& D. most delicious to14. -What are you going to do this afternoon?__________. I’m free.A. To do my homework&& B. To clean my houseC. To do some shopping& D. Nothing much15. -May I speak to Jack?-____________. Who’s that?A. I’m Jack&& B. That is JackC.This is Jack speaking D. I’m Jack speaking16. Why not _________ and see the play?-Good idea.A.go& B. going& C. to go& D. goes17. It’s cold outside. Please keep the door_________.A. close& B. closing& C. closes& D. closed18. My home is about two hundred metres_____our school.A. from B. far from C. away D. to19. There are some apple trees ________her house.A. in the front of&& B. at the back of C. in the middle of&& D. at the front of20. Which floor do you ________?A. live& B. live on& C. live at& D. live in二. 完形填空 && The Xingqing Palace Park（兴庆宫公园）is __1___ park in Xi’an.__2__ Saturdays or Sundays, children like ___3___ there __4___ their parents. There they can play games. There is a lake and a hill in the park. Today is Sunday. Many children are playing in the park. Look! Some children __5___ on the lake. They are good __6___ it. Is the boat ___7___ a chicken? No. It looks like a duck. Some boys are playing __8___ football on the grass(草地)。A few boys __9___the hill over there. All the children are having a good time. They think playing in the park is___10___ than having classes at school.1.A. bigger&& B. the biggest& C. smaller&& D. the smaller2.A. In&&&& B. On&&&& C. At&&&& D. With3.A. walking&& B. going&&& C. running&& D.flying4.A. with&&& B. for&&&& C. on&&&& D. in5.A. is swimming B. is boating&& C. are running& D. are boating6.A. In&&&& B. with&&& C. from&&& D. at7.A. look&&&& B. likes&& C. looks&&& D. like8.A. a&&&&&& B. /&&&& C. an&&&& D. the 9.A. are running&& B. are walking C. are climbing& D. are jumping10.A. little better B. much better C. many better&& D. the best三. 阅读理解 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& (A)&& Mark Twain is traveling to Dijon by train. He wants to sleep very much, so he asks the conductor(服务员)to wake him up when the train gets to Dijon. The he goes to sleep. Later, when wakes up, it is early the next morning and the train has got to Paris. He knows at once that the conductor doesn’t wake him up at Dijon. He is very angry. He runs up to the conductor and says, “Why didn’t you wake me up and put me off the train at Dijon? I am very angry about it!”&& The conductor smiles and looks at him, “Another American is more angry than you. But you can’t see him now. I put him off the train at Dijon last night.”根据短文内容，判断下列各句的正误：正确的答“A”，错误的答“B”。1．&Mark twain asks the conductor to wake him up in Paris.2．&The train got to Dijon at night.3．&Mark Twain was very angry with the conductor.4．&The conductor made a mistake（错误）. He put another American off the train at Dijon.5．&Mark Twain can’t see that American because the American doesn’t like him.&& (B)The worst tourist in the world is Nicholas Scotti of San Francisco . Once he flew from the US to his home town in Italy to see someone at home. The plane made a one-hour stop to get oil at Kennedy Airport of New York. As he thought he had arrived home, Mr Scotti got off the plane. He thought he was in Rome .When nobody was there to meet him, Mr Scotti thought maybe they were held up by heavy traffic. While looking for their addresses, Mr Scotti found that the old "Rome" had changed a lot. Many old buildings were replaced by high modern ones.He also found that many people spoke English instead of Italian and that many street signs were written in English.Mr Scotti knew very little English, so he asked a policeman(in Italian) the way to the bus station. He happened to meet a policeman who was also born in Italy and answered him in the same language.After twelve hours‘ traveling round on a bus, the driver handed him over to a second policeman. He asked the policeman why the Rome police employed so many people as policemen speaking English of Italian.To get him on a plane back to San Francisco, He was sent to the airport in a police car with sirens(警报) on. "Look," said Scotti to his interpreter , "I know I‘m in Italy. That‘s how they drive."1. When Mr Scotti arrived at the airport, nobody met him because ____________.A. he was in New York B. he was in RomeC. policemen could help him D. he was in an Italian city2. In what direction (方向) did the plane fly when Mr Scotti went to Italy from the US?A. To the east. B. To the south.C. To the west D. To the north.3. Why was Mr Scotti so sure that he was in Rome?A. Because he traveled a lot.B. Because he knew little about the US.C. Because he knew little about Italy.D. Because he didn‘t travel much.4. At last Mr Scotti _________.A. knew he did something wrong B. still thought he was C. knew he was wrong D. knew he was home5. Do you think many people do the same thing as Mr Scotti did?A. Nobody but Mr Scotti made this kind of mistake.B. Many people make this kind of mistake.C. Few people make this kind of mistake.D. 50% of people will make the same mistake. &&&&&&&&&&& (C)My wife and I stayed in London for a few weeks last year. We went there in the autumn. We think it is the best season to visit England. The weather is usually quite good and there are not too many visitors in October.We stayed in a small restaurant in the West End. We did most of our sightseeing on foot. We went to look at all the places. We went shopping and spent too much money. We liked going to the theatre . We don‘t have the chance to see such good plays (戏剧) at home. A lot of people say English food is very bad. We didn‘t think so. Most of the restaurants are French or Chinese, but we had some very good meals.We enjoyed our holiday very much. We want to go there again this year. We are going to take our umbrellas . I‘m sure we‘ll need them sometimes.1. “We went shopping and spent too much money” means _________.A. they didn‘t enjoy shopping and spent too much moneyB. prices were high in EnglandC. there were so many good things in the shops and they bought a lotD. they liked to go shopping with lots of money2. They didn‘t have the chance to see such good plays_________.A. in their small restaurant& B. in their home townC. in France&&&&&& D. in England3. You can get _______ in a restaurant.A. meals& B. clothes& C. books& D. cakes4. I‘m sure we‘ll need umbrellas sometimes because__________.A. umbrellas can be very good presents for their friends in LondonB. it often rains in LondonC. the English people like to bring umbrellas with themD. the English people protect (保护) themselves with umbrella5. The two visitors came from________.A. England&&&& B. FranceC. America&&&& D. a country we don‘t know 四. 根据所给汉语完成下列英语句子1. Yesterday afternoon Miss Li came here _________ (向你道歉).2. I did everything ___________ (他要求我做的).3. We saw the old scientist ____________ (在花园里散步) just now.4. My grandpa has ___________ (好记忆). He can remember many things.5. Do you know who _______ (发明了机器人)？6. I find ____________ (记住这些单词很难).7. I enjoy ____________ (吃大肉).8. Don’t stand ___________ (一直). Please give me a hand.9. Wang Zheng __________ (出身在)a worker’s family.10. ________________ (祝你们好运), all the boys.初二年级（中）【知识梳理】 I. 重点短语1. give a concert2. fall down3. go on4. at the end of5. go back6. in ahurry7. write down8. come out9. all the year round10. later on&& 11. at times 12. ring sb. up 13. Happy New Year! 14. have a party 15. hold on16. hear from17. be ready 18. at the moment19. take out& 20.the same as21. turn over22. get-together23. put on24. take a seat25. wait for26. get lost27. just then28. first of all29. go wrong30. make a noise31. get on32. get off33. stand in line34. at the head of35. laugh at36. throw about37. in fact38. at midnight39. enjoy oneself40. have a headache41. have a cough42. fall asleep43. again and again 44. look over45. take exerciseII. 重要句型1. be good for sth.2. I think …3. I hope…4. I love…5. I don’t like…6. I’m sure…7. forget to do sth.8. take a message for sb.9. give sb. the message 10. help yourself to sth.11. be famous for sth.12. on one’s way to…13. make one’s way to…14. quarrel with sb.15. agree with sb.16. stop sb. from doing sth.III. 交际用语1.What’s the weather like today?2.It’s cold, but quite suuny.3.How cold it is today!4.Yes, but it’ll be warmer later on.5.Shall we make a snowman?6.Ok. Come on!7.Happy New Year!8.May I speak to Ann, please?？9.Hold on, please.10.Thanks a lot for inviting me to your party.11.Ok. But I’m afraid I may be a little late.12.Can I take a message for you? 13.That’s OK. It doesn’t matter. 14.I’m very sorry, but I can’t come.15.I’m sorry to hear that.16.Happy birthday!17.Would you like ...? Would you like to ...?18.Do you think ...? Yes, I think so. / No, I don‘t think so.19.Do you agree? Yes, I agree. / No, don‘t really agree. I really can‘t agree.20.There are a few / a lot of ... / on it.21.So do we.22.I‘m happy you like it.23.Which is the way to ..., please? 24.Turn right/left at the ... crossing. 25.Go on until you reach ...26.How can I get to ...? Go down/up/along this road.27.What‘s the matter?28.It‘ll take you half an hour to ... 29.We‘d better catch a bus. 30.It may be in ... Ah, so it is31.You must be more careful!32.You mustn‘t cross the road now.33.If you want to cross a street, you must wait for the green light.34.Please stand in line.35.You must wait for your turn.36.If you don‘t go soon, you‘ll be late.37.I don‘t feel very well.38.My head hurts.39.You mustn‘t eat anything until you see the doctor.40.What‘s the trouble?41.What‘s the matter with…?42.She didn‘t feel like eating anything.43.Nothing serious.44.Have/get a pain in…45.No problem.46.Take this medicine three times a day.IV. 重要语法1. 一般过去时；2. 反意疑问句的用法；3. 一般将来时；4. 感叹句；5. 简单句的五种基本句型；6. 情态动词can, may和must, have to的用法；7. 时间状语从句和条件状语从句。【名师讲解】1. above/ over/ on 这三个介词都表示“在……之上”，但含义不同。on指在某物的表面上，和某物接触；above指在某物的上方，不和某物接触，但也不一定在某物的正上方；over指在某物的正上方，不和某物接触。试比较：There is a book on the desk.课桌上有一本书。I raise my right hand above my head. 我把右手高举过头。There is a stone bridge over the river. 河面上有座石桥。2. forget to do sth./forget doing sth.forget to do sth.意思是“忘记做某事”，实际上还没做；forget doing sth,意思是“忘记做过某事”，实际上已经做过了。试比较：I forgot to tell him the news.我忘记告诉他这条消息了。I forgot telling him the news.我已经把这条消息告诉他了，我却忘了。类似的词还有：remember, regret等。3. hope/wishhope和wish 在汉语中都有“希望”的意思，但其含义和用法有所不同。主要区别(1)wish可以用来表示不可实现的愿望；hope只能用来表示可能实现的愿望。例如：I wish I were 20 years younger.我但愿自己能年轻二十岁。 I hope you’ll be better soon. 我希望你能很快好起来。I wish the weather wasn’t so cold. 但愿天气不这麽冷。I hope he will come, too. 我希望他也能来。(2)wish可以接sb. to do sth. 的结构，而hope不可以。例如：Do you wish me to come back later?& 你是否希望我再来？4. be sure to do sth./ be sure of/about sb. or sth. (1)be sure to do sth.可以用来表示说话人给对方提出要求，意思是“务必”，也可以用来表示说话人做出的推断，意思是“一定”，“肯定”。例如：Be sure to lock the door when you leave.你离开时务必把门锁好。It’s a good film. You are sure to enjoy it.这是一部好电影，你肯定会喜欢的。(2)be sure of/about sb.or sth.& 可用来表示“某人对某事有把握”。例如：I’m sure of his success.我相信他会成功。I think it was three years ago, but I’m not sure about it.我想那是三年前的事情，但我没有把握。5. hear from/hear of hear意思是“听到”，从哪里听到要用from来表示。例如：I’ve heard from Xiao Wu that we’ll start out military training tomorrow.我听小吴说，我们明天开始军训。Listen to the tape and write out what you hear from Han Mei.并写出你从韩梅那里听到的内容。hear from还有一个意思是“收到某人的来信”（=receive a letter from sb.）。例如：I heard from my pen friend in the U.S.A. last month. 上个月我受到了美国笔友的来信。I heard from her last week. 我上周接到了她的来信。hear of和和hear from含义不同。hear of 意思是“听说”，“得知”（某事或某人的存在），常用在疑问句和否定句里。例如：Who is he? I’ve never heard of him.他是谁？我从来没有听说过他。I never heard of such a thing! 这样的事我从来没有听说过。6. It’s a pleasure./With pleasure.It’s a pleasure这句话常用作别人向你表示致谢时的答语，意思是“那是我乐意做的”。例如：-Thank you for helping me. 谢谢你地帮助。-It’s a pleasure. 那是我乐意做的。-Thanks a lot. Bye.非常感谢。 再见。-It’s a pleasure. 那是我乐意做的。再见。类似的话还有 “Not at all.” “You are welcome.” “That’s all right.”&& With pleasure也用作客气的答语，主要用在别人要你做某事，而你又非常愿意去做的场合。例如：-Will you please pass me the newspaper, please?& 请你把报纸递给我好吗？-With pleasure.& 当然可以。7. seem/look(1)二者都可以作“看起来”讲，但seem暗示凭借一些迹象作出的有根据的判断，这种判断往往接近事实；look着重强调由视觉得出的印象。两者都可跟(to be)+形容词和as if从句。如：He seems / looks (to be) very happy today. 他今天看起来很高兴。It looks (seems) as if it it is going to rain. 好像要下雨了。(2)但下列情况中只用seem不用look：1)后跟不定式to do时。如：He seems to know the answer. 他似乎知道答案。2)在It seems that ...结构中。如：It seems that he is happier now than yesterday.他像比高兴些了。8. be ready to do/be ready for/ get ready to do/get ready for(1)be ready to do和be ready for…表示“已作好…的准备”，强调状态(2)get ready to do和get ready for…表示“为…做准备”，强调行为。如：I‘m ready to do anything you want me to do. 我愿意/随时准备做一切做你要我做的事。I‘m ready for any questions you may ask.我愿意/随时准备回答你可能问的问题。He‘s getting ready to leave for Tokyo.他正准备动身去东京。Let‘s get ready for the hard moment.我们为这一艰难时刻作好准备吧。(3)be ready to do 通常可理解“乐于做某事”，即思想上总是有做某事的准备。be not ready to do表示“不轻易做某事”。如：He‘s usually not ready to listen to others.他通常不轻易听从别人。9. at table/at the tableat table在吃饭，at the table在桌子旁边。例如：The Greens are at table. 格林一家人在吃饭。Mr. Black is sitting at the table and reading a book.布莱克先生坐在桌旁读书。10. reach, arrive/get to&& 三者都有"到达"之意。reach是及物动词，后直接加名词，get和arrive是不及物动词，不能直接加名词，须借}