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液晶电视专业术语
LCM(Liquid Crystal Module): 液晶模块。 LCD(Liquid Crystal Display):液晶显示器。 OLED( Organic Light Emitting Diode)有机发光二极管 (OEL)FPD Organic Electro luminescence 有机电致发光 COB(Chip On Board):IC 裸片通过邦定固定于印刷线
路板上。 COF(Chip On Film):将 IC 封装于柔性线路板上。 COG(Chip On Glass):将 IC 封装于玻璃上。 TAB(Tape Automated Bonding):柔性带自动连接 TCP(Tape Carrier Package):柔性线路板。 PCB(Print Circuit Board):印刷线路板。 PDP(Plasma Display Panel):等离子体显示 Duty:占空比，高出点亮的阀值电压的部分在一个周期中所占的比率。 ITO(Indium-Tin Oxide):氧化铟锡。 TN(Twisted Nematic):扭曲向列的显示类型。 HTN(High Twisted Nematic):高扭曲向列的显示类型。 STN(Supper Twisted Nematic):超扭曲向列的显示类型。 FSTN(Formulated STN):薄膜补偿型 STN,用于黑白显示。 TFT(Thin Film Transistor):薄膜晶体管显示类型。 LED(Light Emitting Diode):发光二极管。 CCFL(CCFL) (Cold Cathode Fluorescent Light/Tube):冷阴极荧光灯。 EL(Electro luminescence):电致发光。EL 层由高分子量薄片构成 Backlight:背光。 CCFL:Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamps 冷阴极荧光灯 IC(Integrate Circuit):集成电路。 Inverter:逆变器。 Composite vide 复合视频。 Component vide 分量视频。 CRT(Cathode Radial Tube):阴极射线管。 DPI(Dot Per Inch):点每英寸。 DVI(Digital Visual Interface):（VGA）数字接口。 ECB(Electrically Controlled Birefringence):电控双折射。 LVDS(Low Voltage Differential Signaling):低压差分信号。 NTSC(National Television Systems Committee):NTSC 制式,全国电视系统委员会制式 OSD(On Screen Display):在屏上显示。 PAL(Phase Alternating Line) AL 制式(逐行倒相制式)。 SECAM(SEquential Couleur Avec Memoire):SECAM 制式(顺序与存储彩色电视系统) S-videS 端子,与复合视频信号比，将对比和颜色分离传输。 TMDS(Transition Minimized Differential Signaling) VFD(Vacuum Fluorescence Display):真空荧光显示。 VGA(Video Graphic Array):视频图形数组。 VOD(Video On Demand):视频点播。 有效显示区域( Active Area) LCD Panel 的有效显示区域， 即可显示文字图形的总面积， 参考下图， 白色区域即此片 Panel的有效显示区域。 开口率(Aperture Ratio) 开口率即是每个画素可透光的有效区域除以画素的总面积，开口率 越高，整体画面越亮。 画面比率(Aspect Ratio) Aspect Ratio 为画面宽与高之比率。计算机画面及一般影像画面比率为 4:3 HDTV 则可提供 16:9 的宽平面屏幕画面。 B/M (Black Matrix) : 于 Color Filter 上，用来遮住 R、G、B 各 Pixel 间之空隙，可大幅减少 LCD 光点间彼此干 扰所产生的光害，呈现更稳定且清晰的影像质量，提升了阅读上的舒适度，同时也减轻了长 期使用所造成的眼部压力及疲累感。 CCFL(冷阴极射线管) Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp 将高压施加于灯管之两电极, 电子即由电极端射出, 电子因受高电压加速而与管内之水银原 子撞击, 水银原子在被撞击后由不稳定状态急速返回稳定状态时, 会将过剩能量以紫外线 (253.7 nm) 释放出来, 此释放出来之紫外线由荧光粉吸收转换成可视光. C/F(彩色滤光片) (Color Filter): 彩色滤光片上有排列整齐之 RGB(三原色)画素，射入的光可经由滤光片转变混合成各种颜 色。 LTPS 〈低温多晶硅〉 Low Temperature Poly Silicon 低温多晶硅，就是在摄氏 600oC 或更低的温度下经过雷射回火 (Laser anneal)的制程步骤所 生产的多晶硅，具有高开口率、可内建驱动 IC 等外围电路于玻璃基板上、 TFT 反应速度 更快且面积缩小、接点数及零件数减少、系统设计简单化，面板可*度提升，以及降低材料 成本等优点。 Luminance〈明亮度〉 明亮度指一物件之可见亮度。其取决于可反射光之多寡并由一平方公尺(cd/m2)内之多少烛 光来衡量其亮度。 因表面物之反射属性之多样化， 类似的照明度因对象表面反射属性之不同 而造成不同的明视度。例如，同样的光源照射于一黑一白的房间，黑色房间之明视度相较于 白色房间的明视度是非常低而且昏暗。 Moire 一种因 LCD 面板与背光模块刻痕方向不能匹配所造成的光干涉现象。 Mura 水波纹：指在显示影像时，所产生的画面局部或全面的不均匀现象。 Response Time〈反应时间〉 的是屏幕画素接收到信号后，由白转黑(Tr)及由黑转白(Tf)所需转变时间。所需转变时间是 越短越好。较短的反应时间使画面转换更为顺畅。一般而言，其都低于 60ms. Response time =Tr+Tf Resolution of Display VGA = Video Graphics Array 640xRGBx480 Dot SVGA = Super Video Graphics Array 800xRGx600 Dot XGA = Extended Graphics Array 1,024xRGBx768 Dot SXGA = Super Extended Graphics Array 1,280xRGBx1,024 Dot SXGA+ = Super Extended Graphics Array + 1,400xRGBx1,050 DotUXGA = Ultra Extended Graphics Array 1,600xRGBx1,200Dot Spacer〈间隔粒子〉 于两片玻璃基板间, 所均匀洒上的球形树脂粒子, 用来撑出一个间隙, 以灌入液晶, 其作用 类似我们盖房子时的柱子。 Uniformity〈均匀度〉 画面的均匀度；将一 Panel 分为数等份，分别测量其中心点的亮度，所测得的最小值除以最 大值即是此 Panel 均匀度，均匀度越高表示 Panel 画面越稳定。 View Angle〈视角〉 面对屏幕，往其上、下、左、右四方观测，调整此屏幕直到其无法由此四方看到屏幕画面之 角度。以监看者之视觉舒适，可调整视角之广狭。 Back light〈背光源〉 液晶 Panel 的背面所设置光源。荧光灯管（热阴极管或冷阴极管） 、导光板、扩散板所构成。 Contrast Ratio〈对比度〉 此为黑色与白色之间的对比。比值越高，色彩越鲜明。 FPC Flexible Printed Circuit；可弯曲印刷电路。 Inverter 〈换流器〉 DC/AC 换流器主要应用于 TFT 面板背光源之 power supply。它使用高电压来驱动冷阴极射 线管。此独特的电力仪器具有高瓦特数、高效能及坚实小巧的设计。 LVDS (Low Voltage Differential Signaling)数字显示接口，具有高效能、高速与低功率消耗等 特色 Laser Anneal〈雷射回火〉 低温多晶硅与非晶硅最大差异在于， LTPS 的薄膜晶体管 TFT， 经过雷射回火 (Laser anneal) 的制程步骤；利用雷射作为热源，雷射光经过投射系统后，会产生能量均匀分布的光束，投 射于非晶硅结构的玻璃基板上， 当非晶硅结构玻璃基板吸收雷射的能量后， 会转变成为多晶 硅结构 QCIF Quarter Common Intermediate Format: QCIF 为视讯会议格式，其每秒可传输 30 页的数据，每一页有 144 行、每一行有 176 画素 (pixel)。 其分辨率为 CIF 之 1/4。QCIF 为 ITU H.261 视讯会议之标准。CIF 及 QCIF 互为 兼容并适用于 NTSC, PAL 及 SECAM 三种 TV 标准。 White Chromaticity White Chromaticity 为衡量 RGB 三原色的均衡值的测量方法。较高之色温产生偏蓝的白色； 较低的色温产生偏红的白色。 A a-Si amorphous silicon 以材料结构而言，amorphous 的意思是指未结晶的状态。Amorphous silicon 膜具有作为半导 体材料之特性，可用 plasma CVD 装置在 400℃以下的温度下形成。因此成为使用玻璃基板 之主动矩阵（active matrix）方式液晶面板的 TFT 主力组件材料。 英：Amorphous means lacking distinct crystalline in material structure’s term. Amorphous silicon film has the quality that can be used as material of semiconductor. It can be formed by using plasma CVD equipment under temperature of 400 degree C. Therefore, it is the major material for manufacturing TFT of LCD panel, which uses glass substrate with active matrix.a-Si TFT amorphous Silicon Thin Film Transistor 以 amorphous silicon 为构成材料之电场效果型的薄膜晶体管。带有 source、drain、gate 三种 电极之 3 端子组件。最常使用为主动矩阵（active matrix）液晶显示器的开关。 英 ： The Field Effect type TFT with amorphous silicon material contains three terminal components of three types of electrodes: source, drain, and gate. They are often used as the switch of active matrix type LCD. ACF Anisotropic Conductive Film 异方性导电膜， 指含有导电性粒子之热硬化或热可塑性的树脂薄膜。 主要用于液晶显示面板 与驱动 IC 之讯号传输连结，需针对不同之接合接口选择适合导电粒子及密度，一般而言用 于 fine pitch 之导电粒子其直径约为 3~5 um。 英:Anisotropic conductive film means the thermosetting or thermal plastic resin film which contains conductivity particle. It is used major in LCD panel, and to drive the signal connection, transmitting in IC. Different interface connection requires specific conductivity particles and density accordingly. Generally speaking, the diameter of conductivity particles, which used for fine pitch, should be three to five um. Active area 在液晶显示面板中具有显示功能之画素总面积。 英:In LCD screen, it serves the purpose of showing the total surface area of functional pixels. Active matrix 在画素或 dot 上设置主动组件，于写入期间启动主动组件而写入 data 电压、 其它期间则关闭 主动组件以维持电压之矩阵驱动方式。 依据主动组件的种类区分为 3 端子型的 TFT 方式与 2 端子型的 TFD（MIM）方式。2 端子型的制造工程可简化。 英:It sets active components on pixel or dot, witch activate active component to write data voltage during the writing period, and during other period, it shut off active component to maintain voltage of matrix driving method. According to different types of active component, it is divided into either 3-terminal model TFT or 2-terminal model TFD (MIM) methods. The manufacturing process of 2-terminal model can be simplified. Anti-glare treatment 在液晶面板表面设置凹凸，以降低镜面反射之处理。Anti-glare 处理的程度是利用积分球式 光线透过率量测方式，以 全光线透过率与散乱光透过率的比定义的。 英：Convex and concave surface is configured on the LCD panel as the treatment to reduce the reflection of mirror. The extent of Anti-glare is to use the measuring method of light penetration of integral sphere model to define the ratio between the rate of full-light penetration and the rate of scatter light Anti-reflection 在表面上包覆多层折射率不同的膜，用来消除接口的反射光之处理。 英：It is a treatment to eliminate reflection light from interface surface, by coating many layers of film with different reflecting rate on the surface. Aperture ratio 单一画素中可透光面积与画素总面积之比值。开口率之大小与 TFT 所使用之金属导线特性 及 Cell 制程能力有关。英：It is the ratio of the luminary surface in a single pixel comparing to the surface of total pixels. The opening rate is determined by the nature of metal interconnect and the capability of Cell manufacturing of TFT. APR? plate 液状紫外线硬化型树脂凸版。厚度从 1.0~3.0 都有，种类甚多，为了提供液体的转写效率， 在画面部分的表面增加一层网状物。 制版时， 版系根据版体的直径， 事先将画像缩小后制成。 因为版即使在荧光灯下也会加促硬化，故保管上必须非常注意。 （旭化成工业(株)的登记商 标） 英:There are many kinds of resin projecting plate of UV hardening model in liquid state with a thickness ranging from 1.0 to 3.0; for the purpose of elevating the efficiency of pattern transformation for the liquid, the surface of the picture portion has been mounted a layer of meshed stuff. When perform the plate making, the pattern has been miniaturized and then finished in accordance with the diameter of plate. Since the hardening of plate will be promoted even under fluorescent light, special attention is required for preservation. (Trademark of Asahi Chemical Industrial Co., Ltd ). Array 指玻璃基板上已配置 TFT 等 switching 组件，但未成为 Cell 前的状态。 英：It is the state in which the screen has been equipped with TFT switching device, but it is still not a cell yet. Aspect ratio 显像后的 resist 膜， 或用蚀刻形成于基板上的 pattern 之深度与宽度的比。 Aspect 比＝ b/a a： （ 蚀刻的宽度，b：蚀刻的深度） 英：It is the ratio between the depth and width of the pattern on the etched substrate or the resist film after pattern is developed. Aspect ratio = b/a (a : etching width, b : etching depth) B Back exposure 将已经形成在基板上的 pattern 作成光罩，由基板背面露光之方法 英：It is a method of making the semiconductor mast from well formed pattern on the substrate, and exposes the back of the substrate to light. Backlight 由于液晶显示器为非发光型， 为了强化显示的能见度， 将液晶面板背面的光加以投射之装置。 光源以荧光灯管为主流，分为冷阴极管与热阴极管。构造上可分为直下型与侧光型。 英：Because the LCD does not luminesce itself, and to re-enforce the visibility of it, there is a device to project the light from the back of a LCD panel. The majority of light source comes from the fluorescent light tube, which is divided into two different types: Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp and Hot Cathode Fluorescent Lamp. The structure can also divided into two different types: direct type and side light type. Bezel LCD 面板组件，用以维持u保护 B/L 组件之外侧外壳。一般采用金属板之成形品。 英：It’s a part of the LCD screen, and used to maintain/protect the side shell of B/L components. Normally, it is a product from metal plate. Black Matrix 在液晶面板所使用的 color filter 上，为了分离 RGB 各画素作成的格子状或条纹状的构造。 BM 亦具有预防外部光源造成 TFT 错误动作的功能。现在虽以单层铬、低反射铬为主流，但树脂 BM 也已相继投入市场。 英：BM is used to separate the grid or strip structure made from RGB pixels on the color filter applied on LCD panel. BM also serves another purpose of preventing the malfunction of TFT resulted from outside light source. Although, single layer and low reflection chromium are the majority in the market, but resin BM also becomes another popular product.C Cell 指在二片玻璃基板合起来后所形成的几微米的间隙内封入液晶材料的 Panel。 英：Cell is the panel of liquid crystal that fills into the micro meter gap formed by combining two glasses substrates. Cell gap 指 TFT 基板与 color filter 基板上 ITO 膜之间隙，间隙之大小会影响液晶显示面板之穿透率 及液晶反应时间。 英：Cell Gap is the gap between ITO film on color filter substrate and TFT substrate. The size of the gap affects the transmittance of LCD display substrate and response time of liquid crystal. CF Color Filter 为了使液晶彩色显示器能显示彩色，在液晶 cell 内构成的零件之一， 在透明基板上依规则配 列红、绿、蓝 3 个原色的 pattern。Color filter 一般是由遮光用的 Black matrix、color 显示用 的着色 pattern、保护着色 pattern 的透明保护膜、以及驱动液晶用的透明电极膜等 4 种要素 所构成。 英： order for LCD to generate colors, there is a pattern with Red, Green and Blue , which is one In of the parts in the LC cell. Color filter is structured by 4 major components: Black Matrix to block light, pattern to display colors, transparent protection film made from protection pattern and transparent electrode film used for driver LC. CIE chromaticity diagram 以平面表现色度坐标之图形。在 XYZ 表色系及 X10Y10Z10 表色系中，原则上采用 x, y 或 x10y10 的直接坐标， 分别称为 CIE1931 色度图或 CIE1964 色度图。 又称为 xy 色度图或 x10y10 色度图。 英：CIE chromaticity diagram shows the graph of 2 dimensional color coordinate. On the XYZ color graph and X10Y10Z10 color graph, it uses x, y or x10y10 direct coordinate, and they are called CIE1931 color graph or CIE 1964 color graph. It is also known as xy or x10y10 chromaticity diagram. COF Chip On Film 直接将 IC chip 接续在可挠曲印刷电路板 （flexible printed circuit board） 的电极端子上之方式， 为 Chip On Film 的简称。此种 IC 构装方法之特长为可挠曲印刷电路板之薄型化，其厚度约 为 TCP 之 1/3，可提高液晶显示模块构装之可*度。目前所使用之接合方式有导电膜、导电 胶及共晶接合。 英：It is a simplified term of Chip On Film, which is a method of connecting IC chip to the electrode terminal of flexible printed circuit board. The specialty of this IC package method canthinner the flexible printed circuit board, which is about one third of thickness of TCP. It also increases the reliability of the liquid crystal display module. The current connecting processes used are: conductivity film, conductivity paste and eutectic conjunction. COG Chip On Glass 直接将驱动 IC 之 I/O 与显示玻璃基板的电极端子面对面接合之方式，COG 模块构装所使用 之驱动 IC 必须先长凸块(bumping)，液晶面板模块构装之凸块材质为 Au，目前以 ACF 为接 合材料之制程较成熟。 英： is a process of connecting electrode terminal of display glass substrate and I/O of Driving IC It directly to each other. The Driving IC must have bumping, and the material used for liquid crystal substrate bumping is Au. The manufacturing process, which uses ACF as its connecting material, is more matured. COP Chip On Plastic 直接将 IC chip 接续在塑料基板的电极端子上之方式，为 Chip On Plastic 之简称。装设塑料 基板液晶面板之 driver IC 时所使用的。 英：It is a simplified term of Chip On Plastic, which is a method of connecting IC chip to the electrode terminal of plastic substrate. It is used for setting the driver IC onto the liquid crystal panel of plastic substrate. Cold cathode fluorescent tube 为 Back light 其中一种光源，采用金属阴极之荧光灯管。利用高电场引起发光放电，然后用 此放电所产生的紫外线激发荧光体而发光之放电灯管。基于发热、寿命之考虑，大多采用冷 阴极管。 英：It is one of the light sources used in Back light, and it uses the fluorescent tube of metal cathode. The discharge tube that uses high electrical field to cause glow discharge and the ultra violet light generated from this type of discharge would trigger the fluorescent particle and glow. Considering the heat and life time factors, the cold cathode fluorescent tube is more frequently used. Contrast ratio 液晶 OnuOff 时最大辉度与最小辉度之比。液晶依画面视角的不同，其 contrast 也会跟着改 变，因此以最大的对比来表示。通常 STN 以 10：1 表示、TFT 以 100：1 表示。 英：The ratio between the maximum and minimum brightness when the LC is On / Off. The contrast changes with different viewing angles, and therefore, maximum contrast ratio is used for display. Generally, STN is 10:1 and TFT is 100:1 for display. CD Critical Dimension 一般是指 100um 以下的 pattern 线宽或间隔，为表示 pattern 位置之尺寸值。使用于露光量、 现象条件、蚀刻条件等制程参数，或制品尺寸管理方面。 英：CD means the gap or width between patterns under 100 um, and it is to show the dimension measurement of location of pattern. It is used as a parameter of light exposure quantity, and etching conditions in manufacturing process or dimension management aspect of products. Crosstalk 由于画素间信号干涉， 使对比高的画面轮廓在背景部产生的拖曳现象。 每个画素都设置理想 switch 的主动矩阵方式不会产生 crosstalk。英：Due to the signal interferences between pixels, the background would generate dragging phenomenon in high contrast screen. Cross talk can be eliminated by fixing activate matrix type of ideal switch on each pixel. D Dark defect 不随信号改变而一直保持低辉度状态的点状缺陷。 英：Dark defect is a kind of dot form fault that does not change with signals and keeps in low BRIL status. Data line FT 基板中传达显示信号之垂直方向的配线。因为接续在各画素 TFT 的 Source 电极或 Drain 电极上，故又称为 Source 线或 Drain 线。线宽通常为数 um 到 10um 不等。 英：It is the perpendicular wiring used in TFT substrate to transfer display signals. Because it is connected with the Source electrode or Drain electrode on each pixel in TFT, it is also known as Source line or Drain line. The width of the line is often between few um to 10 um. Dichroic Mirror 仅选择在特定的波长区域内的光来做反射的光学镜。 一般是利用层积的多层膜的光之干涉经 由反射而取出各式各样的颜色的光。使用在投写型的投影机上。 英：It is a kind of optical mirror that only reflects certain light in some chosen light spectrum. Normally, many layers of film to interfere with light and with reflection to generate various color of light. It is applied to projectors with poly-silicon LCD. Dot 构成各画素的要素点（显示的最小构成点） 。 英：Dot is the point that constructs each pixel. (the smallest display unit) Driver IC 驱动液晶面板的回路或 IC。Matrix 显示有扫描电极（行电极）Driver 与信号电极（列电极） Driver 二种。由 QFP 变迁为 TCP。多硅晶（poly-silicon）的面板则是直接将 Driver IC 形成 在显示面板中。 英：It is the IC that drives the LCD. There two types of display matrix: Scanning electrode (column electrode) Driver and Signal electrode (row electrode) Driver. The package of driver changes from QFP to TCP. The Driver IC of poly-silicon LCD panel forms directly in the display screen. Dual Scan 将液晶面板的配线自上下两端开始接续的方法。 英：It is a method of connecting continuously from top and bottom wiring in the LCD.E EWS engineering workstation 拥有 color graphic display 与高度演算能力， 技术者为了能互动地执行 LSI 或 electronics system 之开发、 设计所用的计算机。 透过计算机网络与其它 EWS 相互接续而达到设计 Data 共有化, 以构筑效率良好的分散设计环境。 英：It is a computer designed for high color graphic display calculation, and it is used for execute LSI interactively or for electronics system development. Through network, it can connect to otherEWS to achieve data sharing designing, hence, better and efficient distributed deigning environment are built. Flatness 大多指 heat head 与支撑台的平行度。热压着时，每个 tool 相互间的关系比平行度重要。 英：Most of the time, Flatness means the parallelism between the heat tool and support platform. When there is heat, the relationships between each tool is more important than the parallelism. Flicker 画面辉度之周期性变动。也称为闪烁。出现 Cross Talk 较多的画面其 Flicker 也会较明显。 其起因与 Crosstalk 相同。 英： Flicker is a periodic change of the brightness of the screen. Flicker is more obvious when there are more cross talk, and the cause of flicker is the same as Crosstalk. FPC Flexible Printed Circuit 可挠曲印刷配线板。 使用于实装有液晶 driver IC 的印刷基板与 COG 基板等界面上之配线板。 英： FPC means flexible printed circuit board. FPC is the circuit that applies to printing circuit with LC driver IC and COG circuit interface. FCA Flip Chip Attachment 为 face down bonding 其中一种。 指将 LSI chip 上的接续电极直接接续在基板或 package 的配 线用电极上。 一般是在 LSI chip 上形成焊锡 bump 与基板接续， COG 则是使用导电 paste、 但 ACF 等来接续 bump 与基板。 英：FCA is one type of the face down bonding. It means attaching the connecting electrode of LSI chip directly to the circuit or wiring electrode of package. Generally, LSI chip forms the soldering bump and attach to the circuit, but COG uses conductivity paste, or ACF for attachment between bump and circuit. FLCD Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Display 指强诱电性液晶。材料使用 sematic 液晶，属于单纯 matrix 方式，可做高速应答。虽然使用 在大型 panel 上价格较便宜，但另一方面，由于很难做安定的配向，故在画面的要求上有其 困难之处。 英：It uses sematic LC as its material, which belongs to simple matrix type, and has high speed response. Although it is cheaper to apply on large type panel, but on the other hand, it is very hard to achieve stability. Therefore, it is difficult to achieve quality of the screen. Folding TCP 将实装后的 TCP 折弯一次或二次之形态的 TCP。有助于面板边框 area 之狭小化。 英：Folding TCP is formed by folding the fixed TCP once or twice, and it helps to minimise the frame area of circuit. G GPS 以美国 24 个卫星传来的时间与位置等情报为基准而知道现在位置的方法。将这个情报与地 图情报搭配使用的方法即可汽车导航系统。 英： Global Positioning System allows users to find out the time, and exact current location through 24 different satellites. Applying this system and map information achieves the vehicle navigation system.Gray scale 指介于最大辉度与最小辉度之间的中间调显示。数字信号输入时，与 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 bit 相对应 的有 4, 8, 16, 64, 256 阶调。 模拟信号输入则可作无限阶调之显示。 阶调显示的方式分为液晶 驱动电压变化及 frame 间的时间调节。 英： Gray scale is for tuning the display between maximum and minimum brightness. When digital signal is input to it, according to 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 bit, there are 4, 8, 16, 64 and 256 different gray levels. Analogue input can be used for infinity level tuning display. There are two ways of gray scale: LC driving voltage tuning and frame rate control. I ILB Inner Lead Bonding 内引脚接合，指驱动 IC 之 bump 与 Poly-imide tape 上之 Cu lead 以 Eutectic Bonding 方式接 合之制程。 英：ILB bonding is a manufacturing process which attach the bump of Driver IC to the Cu lead on poly-imide tape with Eutectic Bonding method. Image sticking 经过长时间显示同一 pattern 后，切换至其它显示时，前面的 pattern 会长时间残留的现象。 英：After a long displaying time of the same color pattern, the color pattern would stay on the screen over a period of time, once switched to other color display. Interconnection pitch 指接续 pad 或 bump 间的 pitch。未必与画素 pitch 一致。使用面 bump LSI 时，接续 pad 可比 画素 pitch 大。 英：Interconnection pitch is the pitch connects pads or bumps, and it is not necessary to be the same as the pixel pitch. When using the bump LSI, the pad pitch can be larger than the pixel pitch. Interlace 将 1 个 frame 分成奇数号扫描及偶数号扫描这二种区域，使这二种区域交替驱动之方式。可 抑制闪烁。主要使用于电视显示方面。计算机则以 non-interlace 驱动为主。 英：To split a frame into two areas with odd and even scanning lines. By allowing these two areas to switch driving modes between each other, flickering can be reduced. This is mainly used in traditional television sets. Computer monitors mostly use non-interlace mode. Inverted staggered structure TFT Gate 电极配置于下部（bottom gate）之 stagger 构造的 TFT。可在真空中连续形成 gate 绝缘 膜及半导体层，因为易于使 MOS 接口清净化等理由，为多数的 a-Si TFT 所采用。 英：It is a type of TFT that has Gate electrode fixed to the stagger of bottom gate. The gate insulated film and semi conductor layer can be formed in vacuum status. It is mostly applied to a-Si TFT because it is easier to purify MOS interface with it. Inverter 将 BuL 光源（荧光灯或 EC）以高周波点亮的点灯回路。 英：It is a lighting circuit that lights the radiofrequency with B / L light source (florescent lamp or EC) K KGD Known Good Die Known good die 之简称。指经确认为良品之 LSI chip。在 chip level 中受质量保证，但成本较高。 英：KGD is a high quality LSI chip, and it has quality guarantee in its chip level and cost more. L LCD Liquid Crystal Display 液晶显示器。利用偏极化光及液晶分子之特有光电特性，以电压控制画素之亮及暗，达到影 像明暗对比之效果。 英：LCD utilizes the polarization light and special light and electrical property of LC molecule to control the darkness and lightness of pixel with voltage. Hence, to achieve the effect of contrast between bright and dark. LCD Controller 供给 Driver 回路（IC）上必要的 timing 信号等控制信号的回路（IC） 。 英：LCD controller supplies the necessary timing signal for Driver IC and other signal controlling IC. LCD Driver 指驱动液晶 panel 的回路或 IC。以 matrix 来表示，可分为行电极 Driver 与列电极 Driver 英:LCD Driver is for driving LC panel circuit or IC. In matrix terms, it can be differentiated into column electrode Driver and row electrode Driver. LCD Projector 将小型的液晶面板（LCD panel）放大投影而取得大画面之方式。可分为使用 3 片单色 TFT 的 3 板式及使用 1 片彩色 TFT 的单板式。从价格、重量来看，单板式较有利。3 板式系利用 二色镜（dichroic mirror）自光源的光中取出光的三原色后进行彩色之显示。分为 rear pro 与 front pro 二种方式。就亮度来说，rear pro 较有利。 英：A method to magnify and project a smaller-sized LCD panel into a bigger display. This can be achieved by using either three single-color TFT or one color TFT. From a price and weight standpoint, it should be more beneficial to use the one color TFT method. The three single-color TFT method uses a dichroic mirror to display the colors from external light sources. It is divided into rear projector and front projector. In terms of brightness, rear projector has more advantages than front projector. Line defect 出现于水平及垂直之线状的显示缺陷。 英：Line defect is a display defect which appears in horizontal or vertical lines. Luminance 画面的明亮度。单位为 cd/m2。 在透过型 TFT 彩色液晶上则是指液晶面板的透过率与 B/L 辉度之积 英:It’s the luminance of the screen, and unit of measure is cd/m2. In TFT Color LC terms, it is the product of light through rate and B/L brightness. M MA Module Assembly) 将 panel、PCB、bezel 等零件组装起来成为液晶 Module 的工程。 英：Module Assembly engineering is to assemble panel, PCB, bezel and other parts to a LC moduleMIM Metal Insulator Metal 用 2 片具有非线形抵抗性之薄绝缘体的金属膜挟住的 2 端子组件。绝缘体一般采用 TaOx。 使用为主动矩阵液晶显示器之开关。 英：MIM is a component that uses 2 piece of nonlinear resistance thin insulated metal film to hold 2 terminals. TaOx is often used as the insulator and function as the switch of active matrix LCD. Mother glass 母玻璃基板，TFT 使用无碱玻璃（为防止碱离子对于 TFT 的污染） ；C-ST(N) 使用碳酸钠石 灰玻璃 （普通玻璃）又称为可作多面取前的大块玻璃， 。 目前 TFT-LCD 厂之世代即是以 Mother Glass 大小区分 英：TFT uses alkali-free glass (to prevent pollution from alkaline ion to TFT); Color STN uses natronite lime glass (normal glass). It is also known as glass in large size for poly-facet processing., the generation of current TFT-LCD factories generation are differentiated by the size of Mother Glass. MLS Drive Multi Line Selection Drive 由 OPTLEX 所开发之一种能使 C-ST（N）的 contrast 比提升的技术。利用同时选择及驱动 复数的线以实现高速应答与高对比。 英：A development process derived from OPTLEX which utilizes the C-ST (N) process. At the same time, it selects and drives multiple lines to enable a high-speed response and contrast Mura 辉度色度某部份不均匀的现象。色度不均匀的现象称为色 Mura。 英:Mura is a phenomenon when the BRIL and color rate are not even, and uneven color rate is known as Mura color. Mushroom bump 断面形状像茸状的 bump。镀层电镀得比电镀光阻的厚度高而形成的。 英:The cross-section of bump is like mushroom, and it is formed when the electroplating plate thickness is higher than the photo resister. N ND filter Neutral Density filter 不管波长为何， 为了以一定的比率减弱光的强度以得到适当的光量所使用的滤光器， 是一种 不会改变光束的大小，但可以减少光量的滤光器。分为全面均一浓度的个别 type 及能针对 角度表示线状浓度变化的圆形 type 二种。装置于检查装置内的 CCD camera 前部，其目的是 使 DUT image 的明亮度达到最适化。 英:The light filter device that works regardless of the light spectrum, and will reduce the light according to certain ratio to obtain suitable amount of light. It does not change the size of the light beam, but to decrease the quantity of light. It is differentiated into 2 types: one type is to even the density of whole surface and another round shaped type which varies the light density according to different angle. It is fixed to the front part of a checking device, CCD camera, which is used to adjust the luminance of DUT image to the most suitable status. Non interlace 将画面的一个 Frame 从上面一条一条线的依顺序扫描来表示的驱动方式。个人计算机用的Monitor 是其代表。 英：Non interlace is a driving method, which used widely in PC’s monitor, scans line by line accordingly. NTSC National Television System Committe 电视机信号的标准方式之一。以美国、日本为中心而被使用。扫描线数 525 条，每秒使用 30 Frame，为减低 Flicker 而分为偶数u奇数 filter 来扫描。 英：NTSC is one of the standard TV signal that used mostly in America and Japan. It scans 525 lines, and 30 frames in a second. In order to reduce flicker, it is scanned with even / odd number filter. O OLB Outer Lead Bonding Tape bonding 时，自 inner bonding 完成的 tape 上切取已连接 die 的 outer lead 部分，堆栈在 package 或基板的电极上，然后以加热及加压的方式将之接合的装置。此种接合方式称为 outer lead bonding。 英:During Tape bonding, by cutting the outer lead part from the die which is connected to the tape formedfrom inner bonding, and then adding heat and pressure to complete the attachment. This type of attachment is called out lead bonding. P PAL 电视机信号的标准方式之一。以欧洲、东南亚为中心而被使用。扫描线数 625 条，每秒使用 25 frame，与 NTSC 一样分为偶数u奇数 filter 来扫描。 英： PAL is one of the standard TV signals that used mostly in Europe and South East Asia. It scans 625 lines, and 25 frames in a second. Like NTSC, it is scanned with even / odd number filter. Passive matrix 各画素上没有主动组件，扫描电极与 data 电极的交*部对应到画素或 dot 上，然后直接印加 驱动信号的矩阵方式。 显示类型有 TN、 STN 等， 主要采 multi-plex 驱动。 一般是指将 common 及 segment 的电极形成于各位的玻璃基板上，使这些电极交*并将液晶包在这些电极之间的 形式。 英：There is no active components on each pixel, the grid matrix activates the driving signal directly by scanning the cross part of electrode and data electrode to the according pixel or dot. Forming the common and segment electrode on individual glass substrate, the Passive matrix is constructed by wrapping the electrode crosses within LC. PEP Photo Etching Process 使用感光光阻，仅就必要的厚度来蚀刻特定的场所以得到希望的配线的方法。 英：PEP uses photo resistive sensor to obtain expected wiring with necessary thickness in specific etching environment Pitch 指光罩上规则配列的 pattern 中，任意 2 个量测 pattern 中心点的距离。 英：It is the distance between the center of any 2 measured pattern, which is in a regular shape in the photo mask.Pixel defect 在 TFT 等 active 方式上出现之以画素为单位的显示缺陷，其代表性的缺陷是在黑显示时光 线被遮住而成白缺陷或相反地成黑缺陷、以及平时点灯时的辉点缺陷等。形成原因有 TFT 的动作不良或者异物、接触不良等等各种原因。很难明确地指出其原因。 英：It is a displaying defect of pixel unit which shows on active type of TFT. The property of such defect is when the light is blocked and shows white defect while displaying black color and vice versa. Poly-si TFT Poly-silicon Thin Film Transistor 以多结晶（poly silicon）为构成材料之薄膜晶体管。电荷移动度大约比非结晶硅（amorphous silicon）大一位数，因为可小型化，故主要使用于投射型面板上。 英：The mobility of charge is approximately one order faster than amorphous silicon, so it can be made into small size. Therefore, it is widely applied to projector type screen. Post bonding 利用治具透过 TCP 对 ACF 层作加热及加压，使 ACF 胶材聚合反应率达 90%u 以上，以增 加 TCP 与面板之连接强度并作导通。 英：By using bonding equipment to add heat and pressures to TCP and ACF layers, and make the cross-linking rate of ACF material to 90% and above. Hence, it increases the bonding and conductivity between TCP and circuit board PPI Pixel Per Inch 指在 Active Area 对角在线单位英妓哂兄厥浚靡员硎净嬷直媛省 英：The total amount of pixels of active areas on diagonal lines with inch unit, which shows the resolution of screen. PWB Printed Wiring Board 将连接回路零件的电气配线依适当的方法在绝缘物上以电气导体再现。 一般指上面没有零件 的电路板。 英：By using appropriate method on the electrical wiring of circuit connecting parts, to show the electrical conductor on insulating material. It normally means the circuit board without parts on it. Pre-bonding 透过 ACF 将 TCP 以高精度定位于 LCD 面板上，然后利用 ACF 的半硬化性，以低温热压着 进行预先接合之工程，假压着制程导入有助于高分辨率模块量产设计。 英：By locating ACF and TCP on LCD with high accuracy, and with the half curing of ACF, to proceed the bonding process with low temperature press. Low temperature pressing is helpful for mass production of high resolution module design. Pulse heat 电阻加热方式的加热治具。加入瞬间大电流，一口气由常温上升至作业温度的方式。治具的 热容量小，切断电流即可快速使温度下降，故可维持运转，直接在加压状态下回复至常温。 温度的均一性比 constant heat 方式的治具差。 英：Resistor heating type bonding equipment allows large amount of electric current flow and can instantly increase the heat from normal temperature to manufacturing temperature. The bonding equipment has small heat capacity and can lower its temperature by cutting off electric current. Hence can maintain its running, and recover to normal temperature under pressure status. Thetemperature uniformity of it is worse than the constant heat type of bonding equipment. R Resin BM 以含有黑色着色剂的树脂材料形成之 BM。一般是采用遮旋光性能高的 carbon black 作为着 色剂。感旋光性树脂材料以 acrylic 系列为代表，非感旋光性树脂材料以 poly-imido 系列为 代表。通常用 photolithography 法形成 BM pattern。树脂 BM 反射低且成本低，但遮旋光性 能不及 chrome。 英：Resin BM is made of resin material with black artificial color, and the artificial color often uses carbon black color which has good quality at blocking light. Acrylic series products are the representative of phototonus resin material, and poly-imido is the representative of non phototonus resin material. The BM pattern is normally formed with photolithography method. Resin BM has low capital cost and low reflection, but the light blocking property is not as good as chrome. Resolution 画像细致度的指针。液晶显示器的分辨率取决于画素的 pixel。 英：It is the index of the screen resolution fineness. The resolution of LCD is determined by the amount of pixels Rubbing angle 工作基板基准面与 rubbing reel 之间的角度。Rubbing 的角度决定了视角的方向。 英：It is the angle between the datum plane of the working substrate board and rubbing reel, and Rubbing angle determines the direction of the viewing angle. Rubbing cloth 配向处理时使用的植毛布。将植毛布缠绕在 rubbing reel 上后使其旋转，擦拭配向膜。 英：It is the rubbing cloth used for orientation processing. Wind the rubbing cloth around the rubbing reel, and then make it whirl to rub the orientation film. S Scanning line TFT 基板中传达信号至 gate 电极上之横方向的配线。又称为 gate 线，具有选择水平方向某 画素行的功能。连接到被选取的扫描在线之各画素的 TFT 成导通状态，Data 线的显示信号 得以写入各画素内。 扫描线内的信号延迟会对画质产生重大影响， 因此必须是延迟少的低电 阻扫描线。 英：It is the horizontal wiring line, which transfers signal to the gate electrode in TFT board, it is also known as gate line. It also has the function to select horizontal pixels. When the pixels are selected by the scanning line, the TFT is in a conductivity status, and signals can be written into each pixel from Data line. The signal delay in the scanning line causes great impact to the quality of the screen image, and therefore, low resistor scanning line should be used. Scratch Color filter 的外观缺陷之一。指 color filter 表面上的细微伤痕，大多是基板处理时机械性接 触所造成的。 英：It is one of the defects from the outside view of color filter. It means the tiny scar on the surface of color filter. Most of the time, it is caused by mechanical contact during circuit board treatment. Seal width 将 2 片液晶面板的基板接合并固定之 seal 部的宽度。就械械性强度或信赖性而言，某种程 度的宽度是必要的，但若要扩大显示部的有效面积或确保安装的区域，则宽度最好窄一点。英：It is the width of the seal, which used to connect two pieces of LC circuit. Regarded to the mechanical toughness and reliability, certain seal width is necessary. However, in order to enlarge the active screen display area or to secure the fitting area, the width should be narrower. Separate film 挟在 ACF tape 层之间的薄膜。 英：It is the film fitted in between the layers of ACF tape. Slim TCP 输入 lead 与输出 lead 之间的间隔较窄之 TCP。有助于面板边框范围之狭小化。 英：It is a TCP with narrower gap between input lead and output lead, and this helps to narrow the size of frame area of the circuit board. Spacer 为了使液晶面板（cell）中液晶层的厚度均一而放入上下基板间之均一直径的物体。Spacer 的材料有 plastic beads 或玻璃纤维。依 Cell gap 不同，使用的 spacer 直径（2~6 m）种类甚 多，Spacer 有 ball spacer 与 photo spacer 之区别。 英：It is a object with same diameter fitted in between top and bottom glass substrate, its purpose is to ensure the same thickness of LC layers in the cell of LC substrate. According to different Cell gap, the diameter of spacer varies from 2 to 6 um. There are various types of spacer, and it is differentiated into ball spacer and photo spacer. Staggered structure TFT TFT 的构造依晶体管构成要素的配置方法大致区分为 stagger 型与 coplanar 型。前者指的是 在 gate 电极ugate 绝缘膜与 sourceudrain 电极之间配置半导体。后者指的是在 gate 电极u gate 绝缘膜与半导体之间配置 sourceudrain 电极。 另外还衍生出 gate 电极是在 TFT 上部 （top gate）或下部（bottom gate）的类型。顺 stagger 构造是 gate 电极配置于上部之 stagger 构造， 使用于部份的 a-Si TFT LlCD 上。 英：TFT structure is divided into stagger type and coplanar type according to the ways the transistors are constructed. Stagger type means the semiconductor is fixed in between gate electrode / gate insulating film and source / drain electrode. Coplanar type means the source / drain electrode is fixed in between gate electrode / gate insulating film and transistor. There is also another TFT types which fits the gate electrode on either top gate or bottom gate of the TFT. When the gate electrode is fitted to the stagger on top gate, it is known as Staggered structure TFT, and it is applied partially to a-Si TFT LCD. Step coverage 薄膜形成时在薄膜表面的细微段差部上作成之膜的被着状态。 段差部上的被着状态直接影响 到配线的断线不良等，成为制品良率、质量低下的主因。 英：It means another film is formed on the micro gaps on the film surface, when the film is produced. Step coverage directly affects quality of wiring, and hence is the major cause of low quality and defect rate of finishing product. STN Super Twisted Nematic 具有扭转约 180 度~270 度构造的 nematic 液晶或采用 namatic 液晶的显示类型。以一定角度 射入到液晶分子轴上的直线偏光由于双折射性的缘故而变调成椭圆偏光。 利用电场的有无将 液晶分子控制在 STN 构造与垂直配向之间，即可用双折射性的变调加以驱动。黄色或蓝色 是较普遍的，采用特殊的位相膜或补偿液晶板作白色显示，也可以应用于彩色显示上。与 TN 相比其视角较广，但缺点是应答速度慢。英：STN has nematic LC which can twist from 180 degrees to 270 degrees or uses namatic LC display type. With a fixed angle, the straight polarizer shoots on to the axis of the LC molecule and because of the birefringence property, the straight polarizer becomes ellipse polarizer. By utilizing the existence of electrical field to control the LC molecule to stay in between the STN structure and vertical orientation, STN can be drove from the property of birefringence. Generally, they are in either yellow or blue color, and it can display white color when special phase film or compensated LC board. This also applies to color display. Comparing with TN, it has a wider viewing angle, but the disadvantage is slow in response speed. Stud bump 进行 ball bonding 时切断 bonding wire 所形成的 bump。 英：A bump formed by cutting the wire during wire bonding process. Stud bump is one of the bumping method for flip chip bonding process. Super VGA 显示器之显像分辨率单位，其横向扫描线数目为 600 条，纵向画素为 800 颗，因此画面总 画素数目为 480,000 颗。 英： Resolution unit on displays. There are 600 horizontal scan lines and 800 pixels vertically. Total pixels are 480,000. SXGA 显示器之显像分辨率单位，其横向扫描线数目为 800 条，纵向画素为 1400 颗，因此画面总 画素数目为 1,120,000 颗。 英：Resolution unit on displays. There are 800 horizontal scan lines and 1400 pixels vertically. Total pixels are 1,120,000 SXGA＋ 显示器之显像分辨率单位，其横向扫描线数目为 1020 条,纵向画素为 1400 颗,因此画面总画 素数目为 1,428,000 颗。 英：Resolution unit on displays. There are 1020 horizontal scan lines and 1400 pixels vertically. Total pixels are 1,428,000 System on glass 指 将整 个系统 架设 于一个 液晶 面板上 。有利 用玻 璃基 板上的 低温硅 晶作 成之 整体化 （monolithic）及利用 COG 装设作成之混合（hybrid）化，统称为 system on glass。 英：It refers to set the entire system on a LCD panel. It uses the low-temperature silicon which formed monolithic and COG formed hybrid, generally called system on glass T TCP Tape Carrier Package 液晶显示器驱动 IC 之构装方法之一，指驱动 IC 之 bump 与 Poly-imide tape 上之 Cu lead 以 Eutectic Bonding 方式接合，在以 Epoxy 封胶保护。 英：This is one of the construction methods for LCD to drive IC. It means Cu lead on Poly-imide tape and bump on driving IC are bonded through Eutectic bonding and then sealed with a film for protection. TEG Test Element Group 开始新制程或制程变更前，为了作回路特性评价或制程特性评价而架设在 chip 上的测试组 件群。英：This is a testing component group placed on chip for loop feature evaluation or production feature evaluation before a new production or production change. TFT-LCD Thin Film Transistor-Liquid Crystal Display 指使用薄膜晶体管控制画素开关动作之液晶显示模块。 因为是逐一直接驱动画素， 是为 active matrix 的方式。 英： refers to a crystal display module that uses membrane transistor to control pixel switch. This It is a directly driven pixel, with an active matrix method. Three layer ACF tape 由 ACF 与 2 层的剥离纸构成之 tape。 英：A tape of made by ACF and 2 layers of separate film. TN Twisted Nematic 指使液晶分子做 90 度扭转。使用驱动电压低而且 contrast 比在 100 以上、可呈现高画质的 TFT 上（active 方式） 英：This refers 90 degree twist on pixels. It is used on high picture quality TFT through low-voltage drive and contrast ratio higher than 100 (actively) Total pitch accuracy 个别 pitch 的行或列方向之累计值的精度。 英：Accumulated accuracy on individual pitch rolls or columns Touch panel 将 menu 显示于 CRT 或 LCD 的显示画面上，只要碰触画面即可操作命令的面板。切换画面 即可翻页，可作对话型操作。也利用于 work data 之输入上。 英：A board with menu showing on the CRT or LCD executable upon touching. The page can be flipped, or operated in dialog box. It is also used in work data input. Transmittance Ratio 透过型液晶 panel 上，panel 的射入光量与射出光量之比例。 英：The amount of light which passes through an object. Measured in percentages. This is the brightness measurement applied to LCD panels. Two layer ACF tape 由 ACF 及剥离纸构成之 tape。 英：A tape made of ACF and separate film. U UXGA 显示器之显像分辨率单位,其横向扫描线数目为 1400 条， 纵向画素为 1600 颗,因此画面总画 素数目为 2,240,000 颗。 英：Monitor resolution unit, there are 1400 horizontal scan lines with vertical pixels being 1600. Thus total picture pixel number is 2,240,000 V VGA Video Graphics Array IBM 个人计算机所采用的画面显示规格。 英：Picture display standardization adopt by IBM PC’s Viewing angle视角，液晶显示 device 左右上下 contrast 大于 10 的角度范围。以 TFT 来说，上下约 50 度、 左右约 100 度。 英：An angle for contrast ratio larger than 10 on horizontal and vertical sides of an LCD display device. With a TFT, the vertical viewing angle should be 50 degrees, and 100 for horizontal. Visual inspection 检查光罩的 pattern 缺陷、pattern 形状、玻璃表面伤痕u脏污u斑点等之总称。比较微小的 东西系采用自动化检查， 检查比较大的东西时则用 slit lamp 等作斜光照明， 采目视检查即可。 英：A general name to refer inspection of pattern flaws, pattern shapes, and scratch/filth/marks on glass surface of photo-masks. Automatic inspections are used for minute items, and slit lamp is used for larger items for side lighting with naked eye inspection. X XGA 显示器之显像分辨率单位，其横向扫描线数目为 768 条，纵向画素为 1024 颗，因此画面总 画素数目为 786432 颗。 英： Units for monitor resolutions. The number of horizontal scanning line is 768, and vertical pixel is 1024, therefore there is a total of 786,432 pixels on a screen}