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外用止痛中草药有哪些
外用止痛中草药有哪些
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文章目录1、治疗癌痛。如乳香、没药、山甲、元胡、血竭、冰片、蟾蜍等。热证酌加青皮、山栀;寒证加丁香、肉桂;气滞加香附、川穹;血瘀加鸡血藤、桃仁等。临床选用中药因疼痛部位不同而差异颇大,应在医生指导下应用。2、治疗胸痛。白芥子、薤白、荜拨、丹皮、牙皂、细辛、乌头等。以气血瘀阻为主的止痛应化瘀通络,重用桃红四物汤及栝楼薤白半夏汤煎汁外敷;以痰湿阻肺为主的胀闷疼痛应燥湿化痰,用药以二陈汤为主。3、胁痛。桃仁、青皮、柴胡、香附、佛手等。4、肝痛。蟾蜍膏、琥珀止痛膏(琥珀、天南星、黄连、蟾蜍、樟脑、冰片、斑蝥、马钱子、小茴香等。5、腹痛。乌药、川椒、小茴香、三棱、毕澄茄、南星等。1、川芎。辛温。活血行气,祛风止痛,祛瘀通脉。扩张血管,改善微循环障碍,使微循环血管开放数增多,降低血压与利血平有协同作用;抑制血小板聚集,抑制血栓形成,抑制血栓素A2,降低纤维蛋白稳定性;镇静作用,解除平滑肌痉挛,增加冠状动脉血流量,有强心作用,可能通过心脏&受体兴奋;降血脂,抗动脉硬化,抗放射,抗维生素E缺乏。常用剂量3-10g。2、郁金。郁金,为姜科植物温郁金、姜黄、广西莪术或蓬莪术的干燥块根。前两者分别习称&温郁金&和&黄丝郁金&,其余按性状不同习称&桂郁金&或&绿丝郁金&。活血止痛,行气解郁,清心凉血,利胆退黄。用于胸胁刺痛,胸痹心痛,经闭痛经,乳房胀痛,热病神昏,癫痫发狂,血热吐衄,黄疸尿赤。3、姜黄。姜黄,为姜科植物姜黄的干燥根茎。冬季茎叶枯萎时采挖,洗净,煮或蒸至透心,晒干,除去须根。破血行气,痛经止痛。用于胸胁刺痛,胸痹心痛,痛经经闭,症瘕,风湿肩臂疼痛,跌扑肿痛。4、乳香。乳香,中药名。为橄榄科植物乳香树及同属植物树皮渗出的树脂。活血行气止痛,消肿生肌。用于胸痹心痛,胃脘疼痛,痛经经闭,产后瘀阻,症瘕腹痛,风湿痹痛,筋脉拘挛,跌打损伤,痈肿疮疡。活血止痛的中药有哪些5、五灵脂。五灵脂,又名药本、寒号虫粪、灵脂等分为灵脂米、灵脂块(血灵脂、糖灵脂)两种。灵脂米即复齿鼯鼠的干燥粪便,灵脂块是其粪便与尿液的混合物夹以少量砂石干燥凝结而成。五灵脂为复齿鼯鼠的干燥粪便,活血散瘀,炒炭止血。用于心腹淤血作痛,痛经,血瘀经闭,产后淤血腹痛;炒炭治崩漏下血;外用治跌打损伤,蛇、虫咬伤。6、枫香脂。枫香脂,中药名。为金缕梅科植物枫香树的干燥树脂。7、8月间割裂树干,使树脂流出,10月至次年4月采收,阴干。活血止痛,解毒生肌,凉血止血。用于跌扑损伤,痈疽肿痛,吐血,衄血,外伤出血。7、赤芍。苦辛微寒。凉血清热,活血化瘀,消肿止痛。增加冠脉血流量及心输出量;抗血小板聚集;抗肾上腺素作用,改善微循环;镇静、解热,抗惊厥;抗菌、抗病毒;弛缓平滑肌,解痉镇痛。常用剂量3-15g。8、丹参。苦微寒。养血安神,调经,活血化瘀。增加冠脉血流量,调整减慢心律;抗血凝,抑制纤维胶原合成;扩张血管,改善微循环;降血脂、血压、血糖;抗变态反应,降低IgE及&球蛋白;抗菌、抗肿瘤。常用剂量10-20g。9、益母草。辛微苦寒。调经,活血,祛瘀生新,止痛,利尿,降血压,扩张血管,抗肾上腺素作用,改善微循环,抗凝,抗血小板凝集,溶栓,调整肠管平滑肌活动,兴奋呼吸中枢。常用剂量10-20g。10、丹皮。辛苦微寒。清热,凉血,活血,消瘀。降低毛细血管通透性,抑制血小板聚集,抑制纤溶酶而达到抗炎作用;降血压,对肾性高血压也有效,解热,止血;抗菌,抗病毒;镇静,镇痛。常用剂量5-10g。1、所贴患部一定要严格消毒。注意膏的软硬度,破口处可先用高锰酸钾溶液洗净脓血,拭干后再贴药臂。在经穴部位、有关解剖部位及患处贴药时,先用75%酒精消毒后再贴药。2、患处如因敷药而发生水泡、损烂,可将膏药取下,涂以龙胆紫药水。大的水泡应以消毒针挑破,流尽液体,再涂紫药水。破溃的水泡可以涂上消炎软膏,外用无菌纱布包扎,以防感染。3、使用膏剂敷贴时。应防药膏干燥,裂伤皮肤,引起疼痛或溃烂。若为硬膏,贴前应将膏药加温,微烤后再贴。注意温度要适当,避免过凉粘贴不牢,过热烫伤皮肤。4、穴位贴药时。敷贴穴位不宜过多,每穴药量宜小,敷贴面积不宜过大,时间不宜过久,以免引起其它不良反应。贴后若发生患部发痒,可在膏药外面按摩,或用酒精涂擦患处后,再将膏药加温贴上。5、小儿贴敷药物时。注意护理好患儿,勿令抓破或撕开。由于小儿皮肤嫩薄,贴药时间不宜过长,一般只贴1-2个小时或1小时以内,以免引起毒副作用。6、冰敷时间不宜过长。一般在20分钟左右,老年体弱、虚寒证、妇女妊娠期、月经期、外伤破损、炎症后期、心脏病、水肿等患者,不宜冰敷。
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