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B.Beethoven,ThenandNowis；C.SugarShackisaimedatthe；D.Confessiondescribesthe；Thespreadofno-maintenanc；wildlifeandrareplants,co；arewarning.Gardensareani；wildlifewhichwasforcedin；bylos
B. Beethoven, Then and Now is in fact a science fiction.
C. Sugar Shack is aimed at the readers in difficult times.
D. Confession describes the author‘s rebel against the male.
The spread of no-maintenance artificial lawns is threatening
wildlife and rare plants, conservationists and gardening experts
are warning. Gardens are an increasingly important shelter for
wildlife which was forced into withdrawing from the countryside
by loss of the natural homes and intensive farming. But the growth
in the popularity of artificial lawns, which look like the real thing but require no cutting, watering or fertilizing, means there‘s no shelter in an increasing number of Britain‘s back gardens.
Tim Rumball, editor of Amateur Gardening magazine, said: DArtificial grass these days looks great and these days you can buy rolls of it whereas before it was a very specialist thing. It can take people a few minutes to realize they are on an artificial lawn rather than a real one.‖
Besides the impact on wildlife, a damaging impact has also been had on the wider environment because of replacing real grass. Mr Rumball said: DLawns matter a lot. Plants change carbon dioxide into oxygen and if all the lawns are taken away in Britain you will significantly affect the carbon levels in the atmosphere. When grass grows longer, it attracts insects. If you have an artificial lawn then these insects will be reduced and the whole of the food chain will be affected, especially birds that rely on insects for their diet.‖
Joy Wallis of Dorset Wildlife Trust is also concerned about the trend for artificial grass. DThese days, gardens are a shelter for wildlife.‖ she said. DCreatures can‘t survive in the countryside because it is so full of chemicals. Birds get absolutely nothing from artificial grass, and they can‘t dig for worms or anything like that. It seems a shame that people feel they haven‘t got the time or the tendency to look after a lawn.‖
Robert Redcliffe of Namgrass, which currently sells 10,000 square meters of artificial grass per week, says business is booming, adding, DWe started five years ago in the UK and it can transform the way you use the garden. There‘s the obvious advantage of no cutting or watering, but also there‘s no mud for children or pets to walk through the house.‖ He disagrees that artificial grass is harmful to the environment and added, DThere are ecological benefits. In the long run the effect of artificial grass is outweighed by not having to use a lawnmower, running water or fertilizers.‖
58. What can we learn from the growing trend for artificial lawns?
A. More people are fed up with the real lawns.
B. More people prefer the lower price of artificial grass.
C. More people believe artificial grass to look really better.
D. More people pay less attention to taking care of the environment.
59. What can be inferred from what Robert Redcliffe says?
A. Wildlife is likely to be threatened.
B. All enjoy the convenience of artificial lawns.
C. He focuses on keeping the balance of ecology.
D. Parents spend more time accompanying children.
60. The author‘s real purpose of writing the passage is to_________.
A. warn the public against damaging the real lawns
B. emphasize the necessity of limiting artificial lawns
C. provide ways of protecting the living environment
D. give the reasons for the popularity of artificial lawns
Robotic surgery is one thing, but sending a robot inside the body to carry out an operation quite another, which has long been a goal of some researchers to produce tiny robotic devices being capable of traveling through the body to deliver drugs or to make repairs without the need for a single cut, the possibility of which has just got a bit closer.
However, unlike the plot of one film―which featured a microscopic crew and submarine traveling through a scientist‘s bloodstream ― this device could not be inserted into blood vessels（管）because it is too big. While other types of miniature swallowable robots have been developed in the past, their role has mostly been limited to capturing images inside the body. In a presentation this week to the International Conference, Daniela Rus and Shuhei Miyashita of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology described a robot they have developed that can be swallowed and used to collect dangerous objects accidentally taken in.
To test their latest version, Dr Rus and Dr Miyashita designed a robot as a battery hunter, which might seem to be an odd task, but more than 3,500 people in America alone, most of them children, swallow the tiny button cells used in small electronic devices by accident every year. To start with, the researchers created an artificial esophagus（食道）and stomach made out of silicone(硅胶). It was closely modeled on that found in a pig and filled the robot itself is made from several layers of different materials, including pig intestine（肠）, and contains a little magnet. This is folded up and encased in a 10mm×27mm capsule of ice. Once this reaches the stomach the ice melts and the robot unfolds which is moved and guided with the use of a magnetic field outside the body. In their tests, the robot was able to touch a button battery and draw it with its own magnet, and during dragging it along, the robot could then be directed towards the intestines where it would eventually be gotten rid of through the anus(肛门). After it, the researchers sent in another robot loaded with medication to deliver it to the site of the battery burn to speed up healing.
The artificial stomach being transparent on one side, the researchers were able to see the batteries and visually control the robots. If not, that will require help with the help from imaging system, which will be a bit more of a challenge, but Dr Rus and Dr Miyashita are determined to succeed.
61. According to the passage, the robot operation will probably be able to_________.
A. travel through a scientist‘s bloodstream
B. photograph the body to convey to the doctor
C. enter the body to deliver drugs or make repairs
D. operate on a person outside the body completely
62. We learn from Paragraph 3 that _________.
A. the researchers did the experiment on a chosen animal
B. the robot took necessary drugs besides a little magnet
C. digesting the swallowed batteries is difficult for children
D. the actual size of the robot may be larger than the capsule of ice
63. What may the experiment mean to the medical world?
A. The surgeries will cost patients much money.
B. Patients will suffer less for some surgeries.
C. Fewer children will swallow the button cells.
D. A robot will be invented travelling blood vessels.
64. Which can be the most suitable title for the passage?
A. An Experiment on Robot
B. Tiny Robot, Significant Role
C. The Fantastic Robotic Voyage
D. The Exploration of Robot Technology
Nelle Harper Lee, better known by her pen name Harper Lee, was an American novelist widely known for To Kill a Mockingbird, published in 1960. Immediately successful, it won the 1961 Pulitzer Prize and has become a classic of modern American literature. In 1991 an organization conducted a survey that made readers identify books that had Dmade a difference‖ in their lives. The result? Lee‘s book
The Bible. Alongside the works of Shakespeare and Twain, this novel remains one of the most widely taught books nationwide, reaching about 70% of American public schools. What makes it such a typical read for young people?
English class is a place where young Americans come to know themselves. In the folds of dusty books, students can make contact with humanity beyond the shallow small talk of the school hallways. Disturbed by hormones and anxiety, teenagers get through school with confusion and frustration. Literature is a safety valve（安全阀）―it promises relief, a place to figure out one‘s problems and get to know oneself better.
The novel particularly distinguishes itself in this aspect. It speaks in a child‘s voice without treating its readership as children. Some critics have called it an ?impossible‘ achievement, a children‘s book penned by a well-educated adult ― it‘s unlikely that a child like Scout could exist in the real world. But that‘s exactly what makes it such a charming, attractive read for young people. It indicates the consciousness of a well-educated adult facing difficult realities, but describes it through the light and playful voice of a curious little girl.
Gaby Hick, a third-year student focused on English literature at Brown University, calls it Done of the first books that kids and young adults read that deals with serious issues ― rape, race, mental issues‖. She adds, DThe story makes these adult themes accessible because of Scout.‖ The book‘s setting, a small town in Alabama affected by the Great Depression of the 1930s, may appear very different from the experience of most kids reading it today. But Lee‘s words make her story feel alive and present.
In 2006, however, critic Thomas Mallon expressed his regret about the book‘s avoiding moral complexity in The New Yorker. But her novel makes a great teaching tool for teenagers precisely because its moral view is as clear as that of one of Aesop‘s fables. That absence of ambiguity in this novel doesn‘t mean the novel is free of challenging ideas, either. Will Serratelli, another literature student at Brown says, DThere aren‘t many hard moral questions being asked…but it opens up all these other questions that I hadn‘t thought about before. My English teachers always asked, ?Do you sympathize with this character? Would you want to hang out with them?‘ When you give a kid a book where those questions don‘t even need to be asked, .‖
Mallon‘s criticism is accurate in that this novel may present too limited a view of racism in America. That‘s especially problematic because it is one of the only books consistently assigned to American students that acknowledges racial discrimination at all. However, To Kill a Mockingbird may owe some of its popularity as a teaching text to the fact that the narrative voice is a white one. Naomi Varnis, an African Studies student at Brown says, DIt‘s another practice of telling stories about black people through white central characters,‖ she says.
While the novel is undoubtedly worth its place in the classroom, English teachers may do well to consider that it is a white author‘s perspective―and ought to be the only beginning of a dialogue about race and never the final word. But as a gateway to more mature ideas, and as a YA (young adult) distillation（提炼）of complex concepts young people may not have grasped before, Lee‘s novel is invaluable.
65. According the passage, the novel To Kill a Mockingbird can help us_________.
A. know more about the past U.S. economic situation
B. understand what the real personality of human is
C. reduce much anxiety for fear of losing ourselves
D. find and deal with some other complicated questions
66. What does the underlined word Dtrailed‖ most probably mean in Paragraph 1?
A. Was as good as.
B. Tried hard to defeat.
C. Went along the same route as.
D. Had a lower score than.
67. What can we conclude from Will Serratelli‘s statement underlined in Paragraph 5?
A. The kids are motivated to think further.
B. The kids have to face more moral questions.
C. The kids tend to sympathize with the characters.
D. The kids are unwilling to answer challenging questions.
68. Why is the novel well received by teenagers in the US?
A. Because it reveals racial discrimination in America.
B. Because it makes some serious adult issues accessible.
C. Because a white author tells the stories about black people.
D. Because it is widely used as a tool for moral judgments in society.
69. Who points out straight the shortcoming of the novel?
A. Thomas Mallon. B. Naomi Varnis.
C. Will Serratelli.
D. Gaby Hick.
70. What is the author‘s purpose in writing the passage?
A. To tell us about the content of the novel.
B. To introduce some different comments.
C. To explain the reasons for its popularity.
D. To approve of the creative writing style.
第四部分：任务型阅读（共10 小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
请阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。 注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。
Are we more narcissistic than ever before?
Like the flower, narcissism（自恋）has continued to flourish in modern civilization, which has become such a part of culture. But narcissism in psychology is more than a single question can capture, which really has three types of narcissism. Problems arise when people discuss narcissism without identifying the form.
Grandiose（浮夸）narcissism is the outgoing, extraverted（外向）form. The narcissistic individual believes he or she is smarter, better looking and more important than others. And, of course, he or she gets special treatment for this fact. In fact, some of them can be very charming, likable and enjoy people. On the opposite side, narcissistic relationships are often not very emotionally warm or caring.
Vulnerable（脆弱）narcissism is the second flavor of narcissism. It is harder to see than grandiose narcissism. Vulnerable narcissists think they have the right to get special treatment and greatness but actually have low self-confidence and are not typically extraverted. Imagine someone living in his mum‘s small room. He spends his evenings watching X Factor believing he should be the next famous star singing act. Unfortunately, he hasn‘t the confidence to do it and instead becomes a net citizen, who posts offensive, controversial, or divisive materials on an Internet community.
The third form of narcissism occurs when narcissism is extreme and causes clinically serious problems in a person‘s life C marriages fall apart, friends are lost, a career is over. When this occurs narcissism can be identified as a personality disorder C narcissistic personality disorder (also known as NPD), containing a mix of both grandiose and vulnerable narcissism,
Can you change narcissism or NPD? There is no simple answer to this. For grandiose narcissism, what I often do is suggest practicing caring and compassion, doing what you are passionate about rather than what gets you attention and being responsible for your mistakes as well as successes. For vulnerable narcissism I would add to this list with practices that reduce depression and anxiety. Develop a sense of belonging or
participate
or practice a form of emptying your mind of thoughts and feelings. For NPD, there is no single, scientifically affirmed treatment of choice. But pay attention to the following. First, people with NPD are often reluctant to enter treatment because in their mind they do not have a problem C everyone else does. Second, it is challenging for doctors to keep individuals with NPD in treatment.
Narcissism is increasing and while social media hasn‘t been proven to actually create narcissists, it does give them a new platform to gain attention and admiration. Still, I remain optimistic that people can change if they are motivated, have the right tools, and know what type of narcissism they are dealing with.
书面表达（满分25分）
请阅读下面文字及图片，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
When 11-year-old Trevor begins 7th grade, his social studies teacher Eugene gives the class an assignment to design and put into action a plan that will change the world for the better. Trevor thinks hard and comes up with a plan. Trevor‘s plan is a charitable program based on the networking of good deeds. Trevor does a favor for three people, asking each of them to pay the favor forward by doing favors for three other people, and so on, along a branching tree of good deeds. His first good deed is to let a homeless man named Jerry live in his garage, and Jerry pays the favor forward by doing car repairs for Trevor‘s mother. Trevor then selects Eugene as his next target and tricks Eugene and Arlene, Trevor‘s mother, divorced and single now, into a romantic
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