on state current saturation current参数有什么用途

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求翻译:On state RMS current ITRMS 100 mA是什么意思?
On state RMS current ITRMS 100 mA
问题补充:
在国家RMS电流ITRMS 100毫安
目前关于国家均方根itrms100mA
在状态RMS当前ITRMS 100 mA
对国家 RMS 当前 ITRMS 100 mA
对国家 RMS 当前 ITRMS 100 mA
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请输入您需要翻译的文本!https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/DOM/Manipulating_the_browser_history
https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Mozilla_event_reference/popstate
&&对象通过对象提供对览器历史记录的访问能力。它暴露了一些非常有用的方法和属性,让你在历史记录中自由前进和后退,而在HTML5中,更可以操纵历史记录中的数据。
历史记录概览
可以通过back(),forward()和go()方法在用户的历史记录中前进与后退。
前进与后退
在历史记录中后退,可以这么做:
window.history.back();
这就像用户点击浏览器的后退按钮一样。
类似的,你可以前进,就像在浏览器中点击前进按钮,像这样:
window.history.forward();
移动到指定的历史记录点
通过指定一个相对于当前页面位置的数值,你可以使用go()方法从当前会话的历史记录中加载页面(当前页面位置索引值为0,上一页就是-1,下一页为1)。
要后退一页(相当于调用back()):
window.history.go(-1);
向前移动一页(相当于调用forward()):
window.history.go(1);
类似的,传递参数&2&,你就可以向前移动2页。
你可以查看length属性值,了解历史记录栈中一共有多少页:
var numberOfEntries = window.history.
注意:&IE中可以给go()方法传递URL字符串参数,这是非标准的方法,并且Gecko不支持。
添加和修改历史记录条目
HTML5引进了history.pushState()方法和history.replaceState()方法,它们允许你逐条地添加和修改历史记录条目。这些方法可以协同事件一起工作。
使用 history.pushState() 会改变 referrer 的值,而在你调用方法后创建的&&对象会在 HTTP 请求头中使用这个值。referrer的值则是创建&&对象时所处的窗口的URL。
假设&http://mozilla.org/foo.html&将执行如下JavaScript代码:
var stateObj = { foo: "bar" };
history.pushState(stateObj, "page 2", "bar.html");
这将让浏览器的地址栏显示http://mozilla.org/bar.html,但不会加载bar.html页面也不会检查bar.html是否存在。
假设现在用户导航到了,然后点击了后退按钮,此时,地址栏将会显示http://mozilla.org/bar.html,并且页面会触发popstate事件,该事件中的状态对象(state object)包含stateObj的一个拷贝。该页面看起来像foo.html,尽管页面内容可能在popstate事件中被修改。
如果我们再次点击后退按钮,URL将变回http://mozilla.org/foo.html,文档将触发另一个popstate事件,这次的状态对象为null。回退同样不会改变文档内容。
pushState()方法
pushState()有三个参数:一个状态对象、一个标题(现在会被忽略),一个可选的URL地址。下面来单独考察这三个参数的细节:
状态对象(state object)&& 一个JavaScript对象,与用pushState()方法创建的新历史记录条目关联。无论何时用户导航到新创建的状态,popstate事件都会被触发,并且事件对象的state属性都包含历史记录条目的状态对象的拷贝。
任何可序列化的对象都可以被当做状态对象。因为FireFox浏览器会把状态对象保存到用户的硬盘,这样它们就能在用户重启浏览器之后被还原,我们强行限制状态对象的大小为640k。如果你向pushState()方法传递了一个超过该限额的状态对象,该方法会抛出异常。如果你需要存储很大的数据,建议使用sessionStorage或localStorage。
标题(title)&& FireFox浏览器目前会忽略该参数,虽然以后可能会用上。考虑到未来可能会对该方法进行修改,传一个空字符串会比较安全。或者,你也可以传入一个简短的标题,标明将要进入的状态。
地址(URL)&& 新的历史记录条目的地址。浏览器不会在调用pushState()方法后加载该地址,但之后,可能会试图加载,例如用户重启浏览器。新的URL不一定是绝对路径;如果是相对路径,它将以当前URL为基准;传入的URL与当前URL应该是同源的,否则,pushState()会抛出异常。该参数是可选的;不指定的话则为文档当前URL。
注意:&在 Gecko 2.0 (Firefox 4 / Thunderbird 3.3 / SeaMonkey 2.1) 至 Gecko 5.0 (Firefox 5.0 / Thunderbird 5.0 / SeaMonkey 2.2) 中,传入的对象使用JSON来进行序列化。从 Gecko 6.0 (Firefox 6.0 / Thunderbird 6.0 / SeaMonkey 2.3)开始,对象使用来进行序列化。这将允许更多类型的对象能够安全传入。
某种意义上,调用pushState()有点类似于设置window.location='#foo',它们都会在当前文档内创建和激活新的历史记录条目。但pushState()有自己的优势:
新的URL可以是任意的同源URL,与此相反,使用window.location方法时,只有仅修改 hash 才能保证停留在相同的中。
根据个人需要来决定是否修改URL。相反,设置window.location='#foo',只有在当前hash值不是foo时才创建一条新历史记录。
你可以在新的历史记录条目中添加抽象数据。如果使用基于hash的方法,你只能把相关数据转码成一个很短的字符串。
注意pushState()方法永远不会触发hashchange事件,即便新的地址只变更了hash。
replaceState()方法
history.replaceState()操作类似于history.pushState(),不同之处在于replaceState()方法会修改当前历史记录条目而并非创建新的条目。
当你为了响应用户的某些操作,而要更新当前历史记录条目的状态对象或URL时,使用replaceState()方法会特别合适。
注意:&在 Gecko 2.0 (Firefox 4 / Thunderbird 3.3 / SeaMonkey 2.1) 至 Gecko 5.0 (Firefox 5.0 / Thunderbird 5.0 / SeaMonkey 2.2) 中,传入的对象使用JSON来进行序列化。从 Gecko 6.0 (Firefox 6.0 / Thunderbird 6.0 / SeaMonkey 2.3)开始,对象使用来进行序列化。这将允许更多类型的对象能够安全传入。
popstate事件
每当激活的历史记录发生变化时,都会触发popstate事件。如果被激活的历史记录条目是由pushState所创建,或是被replaceState方法影响到的,popstate事件的状态属性将包含历史记录的状态对象的一个拷贝。
读取当前状态
在页面加载时,可能会包含一个非空的状态对象。这种情况是会发生的,例如,如果页面中使用pushState()或replaceState()方法设置了一个状态对象,然后用户重启了浏览器。当页面重新加载时,页面会触发onload事件,但不会触发popstate事件。但是,如果你读取&history.state&属性,你会得到一个与&&popstate 事件触发时得到的一样的状态对象。
你可以直接读取当前历史记录条目的状态,而不需要等待popstate事件:
var currentState = history.
浏览器兼容性
FeatureChromeFirefox (Gecko)Internet ExplorerOperaSafari
replaceState, pushState
history.state
你可能需要来解决跨浏览器兼容性。
旧的解决方案
曾说SEO和ajax是天敌。此前从开始流行Ajax+hash的方式调用内容,Google给出的解决方案是&#!~string&自动转换为&?_excaped_fragment_=~string&来抓取动态内容。但这无疑会非常麻烦:首先你需要对网站进行&?_excaped_fragment_=~string&的处理配置,而且,如果用户把网址&/#!/~string&直接复制并分享的话,意味着网页还必须监听hashchange。不过如果你觉得这个#!很好看就没关系了。
新的解决方案: pushState
然而HTML5的新接口pushState / replaceState就可以比较完美的解决问题,它避免了改变hash的问题,避免了用户不理解URL的形式感到疑惑,同时还有onpopstate提供监听,良好响应后退前进。而且它不需要这个URL真实存在。
HTML5 的 pushState+Ajax
HTML5提供history接口,把URL以state的形式添加或者替换到浏览器中,其实现函数正是 pushState 和 replaceState。
pushState 例子
pushState() 的基本参数是:
window.history.pushState(state, title, url);
其中state和title都可以为空,但是推荐不为空,应当创建state来配合popstate监听。
例如,我们通过pushState现改变URL而不刷新页面。
var state = ( {
url:&~href, title:&~title,&~additionalKEY:&~additionalVALUE
window.history.pushState(state,&~title,&~href);
其中带有&~&符号的是自定义内容。就可以把这个~href(URL)推送到浏览器的历史里。如果想要改变网页的标题,应该:
document.title=&~newTitle;
注意只是pushState是不能改变网页标题的哦。
replaceState 同理
window.history.replaceState( state,&~title,&~href);
pushState、replaceState 的区别
pushState()可以创建历史,可以配合popstate事件,而replaceState()则是替换掉当前的URL,不会产生历史。
只能用同域的URL替换,例如你不能用去替换。而且state对象不存储不可序列化的对象如DOM。
Ajax 配合 pushState 例子
现在用Ajax + pushState来提供全新的ajax调用风格。以为例,为了SEO需要,应该为a标签的onclick添加方法。
$("~target&a").click(function(evt){
evt.preventDefault(); // 阻止默认的跳转操作
var&uri=$(this).attr('href');
var&newTitle=ajax_Load(uri); // 你自定义的Ajax加载函数,例如它会返回newTitle
document.title=newT // 分配新的页面标题
if(history.pushState){
var&state=({
url:&uri, title:&newTitle
window.history.pushState(state,&newTitle,&uri);
}else{ window.location.href="#!"+~fakeURI; } // 如果不支持,使用旧的解决方案
function ajax_Load(uri){&...&return&newT } // 你自定义的ajax函数,例如它会返回newTitle
即可完成pushState。至于新标题newTitle的获取就是另外的问题了,例如你可以为a标签分配data-newtitle=~title属性并届时读取,或者如果你用的$.ajax()函数,可以用$(result).filter("title").text()来获取。
另外如果需要对新加载的页面的连接同样使用这个ajax,则需要对新内容的a标签重新部署,例如
$("~newContentTarget&a").click(function(evt){&...&});
pushState 配合 popstate 监听
想要良好的支持浏览器的历史前进后退操作,应当部署popstate监听:
window.addEventListener('popstate', function(evt){
var state =&evt.
var&newTitle&= ajax_Load(state.url); //你自定义的ajax加载函数,例如它会返回newTitle
document.title=newT
}, false);
提醒,你可以通过setRequestHeader()来让服务器端配合你的ajax请求输出专门的内容。
&+ PJAX 插件
已经,有人把PJAX做成了,方便调用,节省大量代码:
if ($.support.pjax) {
$(document).on('click', 'a[data-pjax]', function(event) {
var&container&= $(this).closest('[data-pjax-container]')
$.pjax.click(event, {container:&container})
阅读(...) 评论()From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Magnetization curves of 9 ferromagnetic materials, showing saturation. 1.Sheet steel, 2.Silicon steel, 3.Cast steel, 4.Tungsten steel, 5.Magnet steel, 6.Cast iron, 7.Nickel, 8.Cobalt, 9.Magnetite
Seen in some
materials, saturation is the state reached when an increase in applied external
H cannot increase the
of the material further, so the total magnetic flux density B more or less levels off. (It continues to increase very slowly due to the .) Saturation is a characteristic of
materials, such as , ,
and their alloys.
Saturation is most clearly seen in the magnetization curve (also called BH curve or
curve) of a substance, as a bending to the right of the curve (see graph at right). As the H field increases, the B field approaches a maximum value , the saturation level for the substance. Technically, above saturation, the B field continues increasing, but at the
rate, which is several
smaller than the ferromagnetic rate seen below saturation.
The relation between the magnetizing field H and the
B can also be expressed as the magnetic :
{\displaystyle \mu =B/H}
or the relative permeability
{\displaystyle \mu _{r}=\mu /\mu _{0}}
{\displaystyle \mu _{0}}
is the . The permeability of ferromagnetic materials is not constant, but depends on H. In saturable materials the relative permeability increases with H to a maximum, then as it approaches saturation inverts and decreases toward one.
Different materials have different saturation levels. For example, high permeability iron alloys used in transformers reach magnetic saturation at 1.6 - 2.2
(T), whereas
saturate at 0.2 - 0.5 T. Some
alloys saturate at 1.2-1.3 T.
saturates at around 0.8 T.
Due to saturation, the magnetic permeability μf of a ferromagnetic substance reaches a maximum and then declines
Further information:
Ferromagnetic materials (like iron) are composed of microscopic regions called , that act like tiny
that can change their direction of magnetization. Before an external magnetic field is applied to the material, the domains'
are oriented in random directions, effectively cancelling each other out, so the net external magnetic field is negligibly small. When an external magnetizing field H is applied to the material, it penetrates the material and aligns the domains, causing their tiny magnetic fields to turn and align parallel to the external field, adding together to create a large magnetic field B which extends out from the material. This is called . The stronger the external magnetic field H, the more the domains align, yielding a higher magnetic flux density B. Eventually, at a certain external magnetic field, the
have moved as far as they can, and the domains are as aligned as the crystal structure allows them to be, so there is negligible change in the domain structure on increasing the external magnetic field above this. The magnetisation remains nearly constant, and is said to have saturated. The domain structure at saturation depends on the temperature.
Saturation puts a practical limit on the maximum magnetic fields achievable in ferromagnetic-core
of around 2 T, which puts a limit on the minimum size of their cores. This is one reason why high power motors, generators, and
transformers
because they must have large magnetic cores.
In , transformers and
with ferromagnetic cores operate
when the current through them is large enough to drive their core materials into saturation. This means that their
and other properties vary with changes in drive current. In
this is usually considered an unwanted departure from ideal behavior. When
are applied, this nonlinearity can cause the generation of
distortion. To prevent this, the level of signals applied to iron core inductors must be limited so they don't saturate. To lower its effects, an air gap is created in some kinds of transformer cores. The saturation current, the current through the winding required to saturate the magnetic core, is given by manufacturers in the specifications for many inductors and transformers.
On the other hand, saturation is exploited in some electronic devices. Saturation is employed to limit current in saturable-core transformers, used in , and ferroresonant transformers which serve as . When the primary current exceeds a certain value, the core is pushed into its saturation region, limiting further increases in secondary current. In a more sophisticated application,
use a DC current through a separate winding to control an inductor's . Varying the current in the control winding moves the operating point up and down in the saturation curve, controlling the AC current through the inductor. These are used in variable
, and power control systems.
The magnetic saturation is also exploited in the
Steinmetz, Charles (1917). "fig. 42". Theory and Calculation of Electric Circuits. McGraw-Hill.
Bozorth, Richard M. (1993) [Reissue of 1951 publication]. Ferromagnetism. AN IEEE Press Classic Reissue. .  .
Bakshi, V.U.; U.A.Bakshi (2009). Basic Electrical Engineering. Technical Publications. pp. 3–31.  .
Laughton, M. A.; Warne, D. F., eds. (2003). "8". Electrical Engineer's Reference Book (Sixteenth ed.). Newnes.  .
Chikazumi, Sōshin (1997). "table 9.2". Physics of Ferromagnetism. .  .
, Yoshihiro Hamakawa, Hisashi Takano, Naoki Koyama, Eijin Moriwaki, Shinobu Sasaki, Kazuo Shiiki, "Thin film magnetic head having at least one magnetic core member made at least partly of a material having a high saturation magnetic flux density", issued 1992
. K+J Magnetics.
. mumetal.co.uk.
(PDF). unlcms.unl.edu.
Rod, Elliott (May 2010). . Beginner's Guide to Transformers. Elliott Sound Products.
Choudhury, D. Roy (2005). "2.9.1". Modern Control Engineering. Prentice-Hall of India.  .The saturation density of transformed chondrocytes was higher than that of normal cells.
结果转化软骨细胞更趋向于长梭形。
When the nuclear density is near or greater than the saturation density, the sound-like non-trivial solution could be found.
当核密度靠近或者大于核物质的饱和密度时,这样的类声波非平庸解是可以存在的。
For example saturation density, bulk binding energy, symmetry energy coefficient, incompressibility, and the ratio of effective nucleon mass to free nucleon mass at the saturation density.
比如饱和密度,结合能,不可压缩模量,对称能系数,以及饱和密度时的核子有效质量与核子自由质量的比值。
Powder core has high saturation flux density and excellent motion linearity of DC bias.
磁粉心具有较高的饱和磁通密度和较好的直流偏磁动态线性。
Abs tr act: Powder core has high saturation flux density and excellent motion linearity of DC bias.
磁粉心具有较高的饱和磁通密度和较好的直流偏磁动态线性。
Pure component parameters were obtained by fitting vapor pressure, saturation liquid density and supercritical PVT data.
纯物质的参数由拟合纯物质的蒸汽压,饱和液相密度或超临界的PVT数据获得。
Lower power loss material with high saturation flux density.
较低磁芯损耗,饱和磁通密度较高。
The power loss is lower than NH2B material with high saturation flux density.
比NH2B材料磁芯损耗更低,饱和磁通密度较高。
A general power ferrite material with high saturation flux density;
普通功率铁氧体材料,饱和磁通密度较高;
BP4 series are BDK's standard power material with low core loss and high saturation flux density , and are suitable for wide range of trans formers and choke coils for switching power supply.
BP4系列功率材料,具有低磁芯损耗、高饱和磁通密度的特点,广泛应用于各类开关电源变压器以及电子照明专用扼流圈中。
High saturation flux density can improve the work point of transformers and reduce the volume of power supply.
高饱和磁感应强度能提高变压器的工作点,缩小电源体积。
This power ferrite material has achieved high saturation flux density not only at room temperature but also at high (100℃)temperature.
不仅在常温下饱和磁通密度高,在高温(100℃)也具有高的饱和磁通密度。
The model includes solid velocity, space grade of saturation with vapour density and space grade of porous pressure in concrete multiphase system.
考虑了混凝土多相系统中固体速度、饱和度乘蒸汽密度的空间梯度和孔隙压力空间梯度;
Through the experiment on frozen-heave factor of soil, the varied rules of the frozen-heave factor with water content, degree of saturation and dry density are analyzed in this paper.
通过白砂岩土的冻胀率试验,分析了土体冻胀率与含水率、饱和度、以及干密度之间的变化规律,供讨论和参考。
High saturation magnetic flux density, high frequency little consumption.
高饱和磁通密度,高频损耗小。
The experiments were carried on the synthesized diester-based magnetic fluids to characterize their saturation magnetization, density, viscosity, stability and the diameter of particles.
并对制得的二酯基磁性液体饱和磁化强度、密度、粘度、稳定性和粒子直径等性能参数进行表征实验。
This is very useful for improving the operation reliability and stability, increasing the saturation ion current density, and enhancing the beam current and arc efficiency of the ion source.
分析并讨论了产生这些现象的原因。这对于提高源的可靠性和稳定性,提高饱和离子流密度,增大引出电流和提高弧效率有一定的指导作用。
Fe-based nanocrystalline core transformer inverter which has a high saturation magnetic flux density, high efficiency, small excitation power, low loss, good temperature stability.
铁基纳米晶逆变变压器磁芯其具有高饱和磁感应强度,效率高,激磁功率小,损耗低,良好的温度稳定性。
Mainly seeing about the factors affecting the resisting fluidify characteristic such as confining stress, controlling dry density and saturation in this paper.
本文主要考察了固结围压力、控制干密度、饱和度对昔格达土抗液化特性的影响。
Based on the degree of saturation and road network density in each traffic zone, a mode is developed to show the relationship between roadway network reliability and the impact factors.
以交通小区路网饱和度和路网密度为基础,建立路网畅通可靠度及其影响因素的多元关系模型。
UCR is conducive to the reproduction of density and saturation, but likely to lose contrast and gray balance of image.
UCR有利于色彩密度和色度的良好再现,但会损失图像的反差和灰平衡效应。
With the increase of molding pressure, holding pressure for certain time and adding a certain amount of boric acid doping, the compact density and saturation magnetization correspondingly increase.
随成型压力的增加,当保压一定时间、添加一定量助烧剂时,生坯密度随之增加,饱和磁化强度也相应提高。
The result showed that GCR is more suitable for processing dark tone image, and is favorable to gray balance of image, but likely to lose density and saturation of color;
结果表明:GCR更适合处理暗调图像,有助于改善图像灰平衡,但会损失色彩密度及饱和度;
Internal friction angle has a strong nonlinear relation with moisture state related saturation and a weak nonlinear relation with density state related saturation respectively.
内摩擦角与水分状态相关的饱和度的关系是强非线性的,与密度状态相关的饱和度的关系是弱非线性的。
Internal friction angle has a strong nonlinear relation with moisture state related saturation and a weak nonlinear relation with density state related saturation respectively.
内摩擦角和与水分状态相关的饱和度的关系是强非线性的,和与密度状态相关的饱和度的关系是弱非线性的。
The fire intensity model is built by the mathematic expectation that the forces that are arrayed in given distribution density attack the saturation air attack forces in a minute.
火力强度模型则通过以特定兵力密度分布在本区一分钟内抗击饱和进袭的敌空袭兵器的数学期望值建立。
Besides the authors advance a new calculation method that volume current density caused by saturation, medium is turned into equivalent surface current density.
提出了将媒质中由饱和引起的体电流密度化为等效面电流密度的计算方法。
The "supersaturation ratio" is the ratio of the excess vapor density to the saturation value.
“过饱和比”是超过饱和值的蒸汽密度与饱和值的比。
Electron temperature and electron density reach their saturation in several seconds and a few minutes, respectively.
电子温度和电子密度的变化分别在加热开始后几十秒和几分钟内达到饱和。
In exploration period of hydrocarbon reservoir, oil density, viscosity and saturation can be determined using geo-chemical pyrolysis data.
油藏勘探阶段,利用录井地化热解资料可以准确地求取原油粘度和含油饱和度。
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