关于英语发音问题为什么有很多英语单词的真实发音与音标不同,比如BIRMINGHAM英国人读的是“伯明哽”呢?还有KILOMETER读的是【`kilaumite】…
可能中国人学的话就比较死板,必须跟着音标读,而外国人的话可能说着说着就习惯了,不会起注意音标什么的,就好像我们平时说话,有些字的发音也和拼音有些不同.而且不同地方英语也会有所不同,很多音都有所差异,比如美式英语和英式英语.
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英语也分英式英语也美式英语的所以有些单词的发音会有差异
英式与美式区别
~！不同地方英语也会有所不同，很多音都有所差异，比如美式英语和英式英语
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新东方：英式发音和美式发音的5个区别
来源：新东方网
　　虽然世界上把英语作为母语的国家非常多，但是各个国家和地区之间英语的发音还是差别非常明显的。这就类似于中国人说普通话也会有很多地方口音，有的时候虽然大家讲的都是普通话，但是也会出现相互不理解的情况，所以口音问题确实会造成听力理解的障碍。接下来本文就针对英式发音和美式发音的主要区别来给大家进行一个介绍。
　　一、r 音节
　　说到英美音差别，一般学生都会提到卷舌与不卷舌的区别，确实在美音中, 字母组合-er,-or, -ir, -ar, -our 中的r 也要发音,
而英式发音却只在其后紧跟元音的情况下才发音,例如：wrap，rough等。因此卷舌音成为美音的一大特色。例如: teacher, father, first,
girl, worker, lord, car, park 等。
　　二，辅音/ t/ , / k/，/ l/
　　除了卷舌之外，辅音/ t/的读法也是美音和英音区别很明显的一个音。当/ t / 是重读音节的第一成分或紧跟在辅音后时,
英国英语和美国英语的发音是一致的, 如: atomic, retire, Tom, character, stop等。但是,
当这个音素出现在重读元音和非重读的元音之间时, 美国人的/ t / 又轻又快，听起来像是发得含糊不清的/ d/，这也是美音t浊化的现象之一，有时就会感觉/ t
/ 和/ d/ 没有什么差别。例如; writer 和rider, latter 和ladder, whiter和wider。另外再列举一些单词, 其中的/ t
/ 听起来和/ d/区别不大: motor，operator，poverty，
status，beauty，porter，meter，static，city，pretty，butter，flatter，
motivate，bottle，article，artificial，better，letter，utter，later， theater，
treaty，item，computer，headquarters，scatter.
　　当/ k/ 是重读音节的第一成分或后面紧邻辅音时, 英国英语和美国英语的发音是一致的,如: kite, cold, worked,
according, scan等。但是, 当这个音素出现在重读元音和非元音之间时, 美国人的/ k/ 又轻又快, 听起来像是/ g/，这是除了/
t/浊化现象外的又一个清辅音浊化现象 。例如: worker, record, poker, joker, sucker, echo, America,
soccer, ticket ,package等。
　　舌边音/ l/ 发音在美国英语和英国英语中有很大的差异。在英式发音中, 音素/ l/ 根据它的位置有两个不同的发音。一个是清晰/ l/ ,
它出现在元音或者辅音/ j/ 前面, 发音时把舌尖抵上齿龈, 舌身呈坡形下垂, 在like, believe, silly, leaf,
million等词中的/ l/ 为这种情况。另一个是模糊/ l/ , 它通常出现在辅音前面、词的末尾或自成音节时, 发音时舌尖抵上齿龈, 舌面中凹, 舌后升起,
呈两头高中间低的马鞍形,例如field, ball, table, middle 等词中的/ l/ 。而在美式发音中, 不管/ l/ 在什么位置,
都发模糊/l/ 。
　　三、元音a，o，i，u
　　1. 在大多数情况下，字母a在英音中读[ɑ:]，而在美音中转换成[ae]。例如dance,
chance，rather。但是也有特殊情况，如果元音/a/在字母r之前则任然念做[ɑ:]，且要卷舌，例如farm, art.
　　2. 字母o 在英式发音中常发[?] , 在美式发音中, 一般读作「a] 。例如：gosh, Bottle, cop, fox, god, job,
hot, hospital, knock, odd, olive, sock.
　　3. 字母i在英式发音中读[ai], 而在美式发音中有些念[i]或者 [?]。例如：
　　美英 英音
　　Fragile ['fraed??l] ['fraed?a?l]
　　Mobile ['f?tl] ['f?:ta?l]
　　4. 如果字母u 前面的辅音字母是s , 英国音仍读[ju ] , 美国音则读[?]。例如：
　　美音 英音
　　Consulate ['kɑns?l?t] ['k?nsj?l?t]
　　Peninsula [p?'n?ns?l?] [p?'n?nsj?l?]
　　四、单词重音
　　美音使用者喜欢把单词的主重音放在最前面的音节上, 而英音的使用者则习惯于把主重音放在靠后的音节上。
　　美音 英音
　　‘address( n.) ad‘dress
　　‘cigarette ciga‘rette
　　‘research re‘search
　　‘resource re‘source
　　‘laboratory la‘boratory
　　‘vibrate vi‘brate
　　‘migrate mi‘g rate
　　‘donate do‘nate
　　ki‘lometer ‘kilometer
　　a‘dult ‘adult
　　五、美式发音和英式发音中发音迥异的单词
　　最后列举一些在美式发音和英式发音中发音迥异的单词，都是一些平常可见的单词，大家可以提前熟悉，以防冷不丁听到不能及时反应：
　　美音 英音
　　Neither ['ni??] ['na???]
　　Leisure ['li??] ['le??]
　　Schedule ['sk?d?ul] ['?edju:l]
　　Tomato [t?'meto] [t?'mɑ:t??]
　　Advertisement [,aedv?'ta?zm?nt] [?d'v?:t?zm(?) -t?s-]
　　Clerk [kl?k] [klɑ:k]
　　Vase [ves] [veis]
　　Herb [?b] [h?:b]
　　Hurry ['h?r?] ['h?r?]
　　Premier [pr?'m?r] ['prem??]
　　Epoch ['?p?k] ['i:p?k]
　　garage? [ɡ?'rɑ?] ['gaerɑ:(d)?]
　　Lever ['l?v?] ['li:v?]
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阅读排行榜德国主要的州及其英文及发音急求德国主要的州和他们的英文拼写,最好有音标.最好还带有一些简明扼要的关于这个州主要简介
Baden-WürttembergPeople in Baden-Württemberg tend not to talk insuperlatives, even though the state continually setsrecords. It is no. 1 in Europe for high-tech, Germanleader for patent registrations, and famed for its inventors,first and foremost among them Gottlieb Daimler, Carl Benzand Robert Bosch. Today, it is not only Bosch, Daimler,Porsche and Boss, but also mid caps like Fischer (rawl plugs),Stihl (saws) and Würth (screws) that make it the worldchampion in the export rankings. And when they’re notworking, they’re enjoying the fact that the state boastsmore starred cooks than any other. And the local wines areso good as to be an inside tip.BavariaThe “beer state” of Bavaria also produces fine wine inthe Franconia region. The Oktoberfest, NeuschwansteinCastle and the magnificent Alpine sceneryattract more foreign tourists than does any other federalstate. Yet the slogan “Laptop and Lederhose” demonstratesthat there is more to Bavaria than just a lively tradition. Itseconomy, which is stronger than that of Sweden, boasts globalbrands such as BMW, Audi, Siemens, MAN and EADS (Airbus).Munich, the state capital, is home to more publishersthan any other German city. And even outside Munich, Germany’slargest state is thriving: the annual Wagner Festivalin Bayreuth is sold out every year, as is the Passion Play inOberammergau, held once every ten years.BerlinOnce a year, during the Berlinale film festival, theworld of the silver screen focuses on Berlin. And thecity’s inhabitants are used to global interest. After all,the people of Berlin have lived in a capital city since 1458.However, there is also a shady side to the city’s history: therule of the National Socialists and the East German regime,which built a wall right through the heart of the city. Since1990, Berlin has once again been the undivided capital city.The Museum Island, the Berlin Philharmonic and some 150theaters ensure the city is unique. The “scholarly capital”boasts 20 institutes of higher education, while also beinghome to outstanding firms such as Bayer Schering Pharmaor Philip Morris. And the ITB, the world’s largest tourism fair,highlights the fact that “Berlin is well worth a visit”.BrandenburgThe densely forested state of Brandenburg surroundsthe capital city of Berlin and benefits from the latter’s“gin and martini belt”. However, with its numerouslakes and forests it also has several trump cards of its own.With the Hohenzollern castles, and in particular SanssouciCastle, which is included in the UNESCO World Cultural HeritageList, the heart of the Kingdom of Prussia possesses jewelsof courtly architecture. Indeed Potsdam is considered oneof Germany’s most beautiful cities, featuring many architecturalhighlights. Today the citizens of Brandenburg boast Hollywoodproductions in the film-producing town of Babelsberg,the European University Viadrina in Frankfurt an derOder and more than 280 foreign companies, including theGerman HQ of Ebay.BremenThe Hanseatic city of Bremen arose through classicmaritime trading, in particular with coffee. In thesmallest of the federal states (divided into the city ofBremen, and Bremerhaven, some 60 kilometers to thenorth) the port accounts for every third job. The largestemployer, however, is D and the ports turn around1,900,000 vehicles annually. The state’s cultural life is alsoinfluenced by commerce: The &Uberseemuseum (OverseasMuseum) and the Schifffahrtsmuseum (MaritimeMuseum) attract visitors from all over the country. Themerchants’ wealth led to the birth of a truly beautifularchitectural ensemble: the town hall market square withits Baroque and Renaissance buildings, a tribute to the city’srich history, which began when it was awarded marketrights back in 888.HamburgIn the city and state of Hamburg it is the port that isthe power-house of the economy, though with Airbus,Otto Versand and Beiersdorf also located here,this is not immediately apparent. With its tanker terminals,the port is home to all the major oil-refining companies. Forpleasure-seekers, there is the entertainment district of St.Pauli. Yet Hamburg’s reputation as a media and science centeris of greater importance to its inhabitants. The demandfor culture is correspondingly high, and is satisfied byrenowned institutes such as the Kunsthalle and just under40 theaters – including the state opera company with worldballet star John Neumeier. On a national basis Hamburgleads the way when it comes to musicals, which every monthbring thousands of visitors thronging to the city.HesseFrankfurt am Main is really the only city in Germanythat has an international feel to it: The tallest buildings,the largest airport, and the most banks in continentalEurope (including the European Central Bank). Andthe list of superlatives for example, thereis the railroad station and the interstate intersection, both ofwhich boast the highest volume of traffic in Germany. All this,despite the fact that the city has a mere 662,000 inhabitantsand is not even the capital of Hesse. The elegant city of Wiesbadenhas claim to that title. Otherwise the state of Hesse israther unassuming, with a densely forested upland range ofmountains, blessed with Riesling in the Rheingau region, andindustry throughout. Opel in Rüsselsheim and VW near Kasselare the major industries, whereas ESA in Darmstadt isresponsible for a large share of the European space program.Mecklenburg-Western PomeraniaIt need not be from outer space, even from a planeMecklenburg-Western Pomerania, with more than2,000 lakes, numerous waterways and lush green inbetweenlooks particularly attractive. Together with its 350-kilometer-long Baltic coastline, this Northeastern state is themajor venue for water sports enthusiasts in the whole of CentralEurope. Small wonder, then, that tourism is the state’smain source of income. To make certain this remains the case,around one fifth of the state’s total surface area is a natureconservation area. Away from the tourist centers on the coast,shipbuilding and agriculture are otherwise the main sourcesof employment in this, the country’s most thinly populatedstate. Northern Europe’s two oldest universities and severalinnovative R&D facilities make the state one of the mostdynamic regions for high-tech, bio-tech and medi-tech.Lower SaxonyThe state of Lower Saxony has the shipbuilders inPapenburg to thank for its regular global TV appearances– every time the Meyer shipyard pilots a newluxury liner down the narrow River Ems. Yet the majorindustry in this state, which stretches from the holidayislands on the North Sea coast to the Harz Mountains, is theauto industry, including such names as Volkswagen inWolfsburg and Continental in Hanover, likewise the hub ofTUI’s vast operations, one of Europe’s largest tourism corporations.Furthermore, twice a year the eyes of the worldfocus on the state capital: for the Hanover Industrial TradeFair and CeBIT, the world’s largest IT trade fair. Indeed,Hanover has been an international city for a long time now,after all between 1714 and 1837 the rulers of Hanover werealso the kings of England.North Rhine-WestphaliaNowhere in Germany has more inhabitants, and thereis a correspondingly large number of cities: Cologne,with its G Bonn, the Federal Republic’s Düsseldorf, the fashion-conAachen, under Charlemagne the capital of E Duisburg,with Europe’s the business centersof Krefeld and B not to mention Essen and Dortmund,the two major cities in the Ruhr region. They bear witness tothe changes in Germany’s largest industrial area: Coal miningand steel production area now flanked by bio-chemicals andhigh-tech. Yet “NRW”, as the state is fondly known, not onlyhas Europe’s most concentrated research network, butaccording to UNESCO is alongside New York and Paris one ofthe world’s major cultural regions.Rhineland-PalatinateThe Rhine valley between Bingen and Koblenz, a gemthat is for the most part located in Rhineland-Palatinate,is a key item on the UNESCO World CulturalHeritage List. A center of wine and sparkling wine production,the state is also referred to as “Wineland-Palatinate”.Yet from an early date it has been committed to advancedtechnology, a prime example being chemicals giant BASF.The state has always been innovative, be it on a very longtermbasis thanks to Johannes Gutenberg, who invented thefirst printing press with moveable type in Mainz, or on amore temporary basis with the work of Karl Marx from Trier.Culture and joie-de-vivre are celebrated in all the larger Germancities that have Roman history. The 50-plus festivalsstaged each year attest to this.SaarlandSaarbrücken’s film festival for German-speaking upand-coming talent has been the launching pad formany a career, as Franka Potente and Til Schweigerhave proved. The state has over the last 200 years changednationality eight times and the French influence is highlyevident. Mining is now no longer the key industry, with steeland car-making competing with IT for the number one slot.The steel industry bequeathed a fascinating attraction: V&lklingenIronworks, which is included in the UNESCO WorldCultural Heritage List. The state’s most famous name, however,has to be that of Villeroy & Boch, a global player in theporcelain market.SaxonyMeissen may well be a small town but, thanks to itsporcelain, is as well known as the state capital Dresdenand Leipzig, the trade-fair city. The Free State is one ofthe most dynamic economic regions in East Germany, in particularin IT; precision watch-making and car-making are typicalof this new gearing, symbolized by the restoredFrauenkirche in Dresden’s Baroque center. As in the past, Saxony’sculture is highly influential in the world of music, representedby the Semper opera house in Dresden and thealmost 800-year old Thomaner Choir in Leipzig, where JohannSebastian Bach was once a cantor. Is he the greatest Saxonever? Bach at least has a serious rival – in the person of RichardWagner.Saxony-AnhaltIn honor of its most famous former inhabitant, GeorgFriedrich Handel, every year Halle stages a major festival.However, the composer plays second fiddle toMartin Luther, the reformer from Eisleben who transformedthe Christian world. As such the town of Wittenberg is oneof the most popular tourist spots in a state that boasts awealth of castles but is also renowned for its chemicals industry.Since reunification, the state has been highly successfulin attracting investors. Today, Total maintains a refinery inLeuna, Dow Chemical has a production facility in Schkopau,as does Bayer in Bitterfeld. While nature enthusiasts aredrawn to the 1141-meter high Brocken mountain, with itsmyth-shrouded peak: on the eve of every May 1st witchescongregate here to dance.Schleswig-HolsteinThe most feared mythical figure in Schleswig-Holsteinis “Blanker Hans”, who stands for the destructiveforces of the sea. After all, the most northern of thefederal states is bordered by two seas, the North Sea and theBaltic Sea. Since time immemorial, ship-building and fishinghave been correspondingly important, with two thirds of theGerman fishing fleet registered here. Nowadays, however,the main source of income is tourism and agriculture. TheNorth Sea island of Sylt is a fashionable holiday destination.Kiel, the state capital and the Hanseatic city of Lübeck, nowimmortal thanks to Thomas Mann, vie for the status of mostimportant city. Alongside Puttgarden they are the state’smost important ferry ports for the Scandinavia routes. Parallelto developments in Eastern Europe the state also benefitsfrom the Baltic Sea economic region.ThuringiaThe mountains in the Thuringian Forest provide abackdrop for one of Germany’s most beautiful trails,the 160-kilometer long Rennsteig. It is just as much atrademark of the state as its long thin sausages, the historicWartburg and the Weimar poets Goethe and Schiller. However,Thuringia not only has a culinary and literary tradition,it was always a state of researchers. Zeiss and Schott foundedthe modern optics industry in J alongside the carmakerOpel and turbine manufacturer Rolls-Royce, Jenoptikis nowadays one of the most important companies there.Erfurt, the state capital, is proud of the flourishing bio- andsolar technology there, in addition to the excellent educationalopportunities offered by four institutes of higher education.十六个州都在了,网上有可以下载的pdf文档的,可以去搜“德国概况”.
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n. 公里；千米（等于kilometre）
Housed in a 17-mile-long (27-kilometer-long) circular tunnel under the French-Swiss border, the collider is the world's largest atom smasher.
对撞机位于法国和瑞士的边界，装在一个17英里（27公里）长的圆形地道里。 这是世界上最大的原子击碎器。
The Large Hadron Collider fired a beam of protons inside a circular, 17-mile (27-kilometer) long tunnel underneath villages and cow pastures at the French-Swiss border.
大型强子对撞机（Large Hadron Collider， LHC）在环道内部射出了一束质子，它是位于法国和瑞士边界上的一处村庄和养牛场地下的一条长达17英里（27千米）的（环形）隧道。
The LHC is capable of distorting space and time in its 27-kilometer ring circuit, the largest in the world, and generate a wormhole, a space-time tunnel that leads to another time or space.
该对撞机能够凭借自身史上最长的27公里环形线圈，扰乱时空秩序，从而制造出人们常说的时空隧道“虫洞”。
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