2(x+1.4×)=480拼音x怎么写写?
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The graphics display resolution is the width and height dimensions of an
device, such as a , in pixels. Certain combinations of width and height are standardized and typically given a name and an
that is descriptive of its dimensions. A higher display resolution in a display of the same size means that displayed content appears .
Overview by vertical resolution and aspect ratio
Leftmost column is height in pixels, other columns show width in pixels for each aspect ratio.
5:4 = 1.25
16:10 = 1.6
16:9 = 1.7
19:10 = 1.9
21:9 = 2.3
320 or 640
432 FWQVGA (18:10)
1024 WSVGA (128:75)
<td title="80
1280 /UVGA
1440 FWXGA+
1600 WSXGA
2560 UW-UXGA
(25:16=1.5625)
(25:16=1.5625)
7680 FUHD (8K)
10080 FUHD (8K)
8192 FUHD (8K)
15360 QUHD (16K)
Multiple display standards compared.
Main article:
The favoured aspect ratio of mass market display industry products has changed gradually from 4:3, then to 16:10, and then to 16:9, and now 21:9. This has made many of the display resolutions listed in this article difficult to obtain in mass market products. The 4:3 aspect ratio generally reflects older products, especially the era of the cathode ray tube (CRT). The 16:10 aspect ratio had its largest use in the
period, and the 16:9 aspect ratio tends to reflect post-2010 mass market computer monitor, laptop, and entertainment products displays. In many cases the resolutions listed in the sections below may have a small market, may only be seen in specialized industrial or computer market products, or may not be available for sale.
The 4:3 aspect ratio was common in older television cathode ray tube (CRT) displays, which were not easily adaptable to a wider aspect ratio. When good quality alternate technologies (i.e., liquid crystal displays (LCDs) and plasma displays) became more available and less costly, around the year 2000, the common computer displays and entertainment products moved to a wider aspect ratio, first to the 16:10 ratio. The 16:10 ratio allowed some compromise between showing older 4:3 aspect ratio broadcast TV shows, but also allowing better viewing of widescreen movies. However, around the year 2005, entertainment industry displays (i.e., TV sets) gradually moved from 16:10 to the 16:9 aspect ratio, for further improvement of viewing widescreen movies. By about 2007, virtually all mass market entertainment displays were 16:9. In x1080 (Full HD, the native resolution of Blu-ray) was the favored resolution in the most heavily marketed entertainment market displays. The next standard,
(Ultra HD alias 4K) emerged in 2013, but movies and TV stations do not support that resolution yet.
Also in 2013, displays with
(aspect ratio 64:27 or 2.37:1, however commonly referred to as "21:9" for comparison with 16:9) appeared, which closely approximate the common
movie standard aspect ratio of 2.35–2.40:1. In 2014, "21:9" screens with pixel dimensions of
(actual aspect ratio 43:18 or 2.39:1) became available.
The computer display industry maintained the 16:10 aspect ratio longer than the entertainment industry, but in the
period, computers were increasingly marketed as dual use products, with uses in the traditional computer applications, but also as means of viewing entertainment content. In this time frame, with the notable exception of Apple, almost all desktop, laptop, and display manufacturers gradually moved to promoting only 16:9 aspect ratio displays. By 2011, the 16:10 aspect ratio had virtually disappeared from the Windows laptop display market (although Macintosh laptops are still mostly 16:10, including the
Retina MacBook Pro). One artifact is that the highest available resolutions moved downward in this time frame (i.e., the move from
laptop displays to
displays).
Quarter-QVGA (QQVGA or qqVGA) denotes a resolution of 160x120 or 120x160 pixels, usually used in displays of handheld devices. The term Quarter-QVGA signifies a resolution of one fourth the number of pixels in a
display (half the number of vertical and half the number of horizontal pixels) which itself has one fourth the number of pixels in a
The abbreviation qqVGA may be used to distinguish quarter from quad, just like qVGA.
Half-QVGA denotes a display screen resolution of 240x160 or 160x240 pixels, as seen on the . This resolution is half of , which is itself a quarter of , which is 640x480 pixels.
QVGA compared to VGA
The Quarter Video Graphics Array (also known as Quarter , QVGA, or qVGA) is a popular term for a computer display with 320x240 . QVGA displays were most often used in ,
(PDA), and some . Often the displays are in a "" orientation (i.e., taller than they are wide, as opposed to "") and are referred to as 240x320.
The name comes from having a quarter of the 640x480 maximum resolution of the original
display technology, which became a de facto industry standard in the late 1980s. QVGA is not a standard mode offered by the , even though VGA and compatible
support a QVGA-sized . The term refers only to the display's resolution and thus the abbreviated term QVGA or Quarter VGA is more appropriate to use.
QVGA resolution is also used in
recording equipment as a low-resolution mode requiring less data storage capacity than higher resolutions, typically in still
with video recording capability, and some . Each frame is an image of 320x240 pixels. QVGA video is typically recorded at 15 or 30 . QVGA mode describes the size of an image in pixels, commonly c numerous
support this resolution.
While QVGA is a lower resolution than VGA, at higher resolutions the "Q" prefix commonly means quad(ruple) or four times higher display resolution (e.g.,
is four times higher resolution than ). To distinguish quarter from quad, lowercase "q" is sometimes used for "quarter" and uppercase "Q" for "quad", by analogy with
like m/M and p/P, but this is not a consistent usage.
Some examples of devices that use QVGA display resolution include, , -E400, ,
and ' bottom screen.
Wide QVGA or WQVGA is any
having the same height in pixels as , but wider. This definition is consistent with other 'wide' versions of computer displays.
Since QVGA is 320 pixels wide and 240 pixels high (aspect ratio of 4:3), the resolution of a WQVGA screen might be 360x240 (3:2 aspect ratio), 384x240 (16:10 aspect ratio), 400x240 (5:3 – such as the
screen or the maximum resolution in
at 240p), 428x240 or 432x240 (~16:9 ratio). As with , exact ratios of n:9 are difficult because of the way VGA controllers internally deal with pixels. For instance, when using graphical combinatorial operations on pixels, VGA controllers will use 1 bit per pixel. Since bits cannot be accessed individually but by chunks of 16 or an even higher power of 2, this limits the horizontal resolution to a 16-pixel granularity, i.e., the horizontal resolution must be divisible by 16. In the case of 16:9 ratio, with 240 pixels high, the horizontal resolution should be 240 / 9 × 16 = 426.6, the closest multiple of 16 is 432.
WQVGA has also been used to describe displays that are not 240 pixels high, for example
displays which are 480 pixels wide and 270 or 272 pixels high. This may be due to QVGA having the nearest screen height.
WQVGA resolutions are commonly used in
mobile phones, such as 400x240, 432x240, and 480x240. For example, the Sony Ericsson Aino and the Samsung Instinct both have WQVGA screen resolutions – 240x432. Other devices such as the Apple
also use a WQVGA screen, 240x376 pixels.
HVGA (Half-size ) screens have 480x320 pixels (3:2 aspect ratio), 480x360 pixels (4:3 aspect ratio), 480x272 (~16:9 aspect ratio) or 640x240 pixels (8:3 aspect ratio). The former is used by a variety of
devices, starting with the Sony
in 2002, and standalone PDAs by . The latter was used by a variety of
devices. VGA resolution is 640x480.
Examples of devices that use HVGA include the Apple
9000, , , ,
Eve, , , , , , , ,
produces the
which supports HVGA resolution.
HVGA was the only resolution supported in the first versions of Google , up to release 1.5. Other higher and lower resolutions became available starting on release 1.6, like the popular
resolution on the
resolution on the .
throughout the 1980s were mostly rendered at this resolution, causing objects to have jagged edges on the top and bottom when edges were not anti-aliased.
Main article:
Video Graphics Array (VGA) refers specifically to the display hardware first introduced with the
line of computers in 1987. Through its widespread adoption, VGA has also come to mean either an
, the 15-pin
resolution itself. While the VGA resolution was superseded in the
market in the 1990s, it became a popular resolution on mobile devices in the 2000s. VGA is still the universal fallback troubleshooting mode in the case of trouble with graphic device drivers in operating systems. In the field of videos the resolution of 640x480 is called Standard Definition (SD) - in comparison for instance to HD () or Full HD ().
Wide VGA or WVGA, sometimes just WGA, an
for Wide Video Graphics Array is any
with the same 480 pixel height as
but wider, such as 720x480 (3:2 aspect ratio), 800x480 (5:3), 848x480, 852x480, 853x480 or 854x480 (~16:9). It is a common resolution among
and later portable and hand-held internet-enabled devices (such as
and ) as it is capable of rendering web sites designed for an 800 wide window in full page-width. Examples of hand-held internet devices, without phone capability, with this resolution include: ,
700 series,
Mobile phones with WVGA display resolution are also common. A
is available.
FWVGA is an
for Full Wide Video Graphics Array which refers to a display resolution of 854x480 pixels. 854x480 is approximately the 16:9
"un-squeezed" NTSC DVD widescreen video and considered a "safe" resolution that does not crop any of the image. It is called Full WVGA to distinguish it from other, narrower WVGA resolutions which require cropping 16:9
(i.e. it is full width, albeit with considerable ).
The 854 pixel width is rounded up from 853.3. 480 × 16/9 = 7680/9 = 8531/3. Since a pixel must be a whole number, rounding up to 854 ensures inclusion of the entire image. Due to physical devices often being manufactured with pixel resolutions that are multiples of 16, the horizontal resolution of 854 may be implemented by the OS simply pretending the 10 edgemost columns, from a full physical width of 864, do not exist.[]
with FWVGA display resolution started to become more common. A
is available. In addition, the
that comes with the
gaming console includes a 6.2 inch FWVGA display.
Main article:
Super Video Graphics Array, abbreviated to Super VGA or SVGA, also known as Ultra Video Graphics Array, abbreviated to Ultra VGA or UVGA, is a broad term that covers a wide range of .
Originally, it was an extension to the
standard first released by
in 1987. Unlike VGA – a purely IBM-defined standard – Super VGA was defined by the
(VESA), an open consortium set up to promote interoperability and define standards. When used as a resolution specification, in contrast to
for example, the term SVGA normally refers to a resolution of 800x600 pixels.
The marginally higher resolution 832x624 is the highest 4:3 resolution not greater than 219 pixels, with its horizontal dimension a multiple of 32 pixels. This enables it to fit within a
of 512  (512 × 210 bytes), and the common multiple of 32 pixels constraint is related to . For these reasons this resolution was available on the
and other systems.[]
DVGA (Double-size ) screens have 960x640 pixels (3:2 aspect ratio). Both dimensions are double that of HVGA, hence the pixel count is quadrupled.
Examples of devices that use DVGA include the
mobile phone and the Apple
4/4S, where the screen is called the "Retina Display".
The wide version of SVGA is known as WSVGA (Wide Super VGA), featured on , , and . The resolution is either
(aspect ratio 16:9) or
(between 15:9 and 16:9) with screen sizes normally ranging from 7 to 10 inches. It has full XGA width of 1024 pixels.
XGA, the Extended Graphics Array, is an
display standard introduced in 1990. Later it became the most common appellation of the
pixels , but the official definition is broader than that. It was not a new and improved replacement for , but rather became one particular subset of the broad range of capabilities covered under the "Super VGA" umbrella.
The initial version of XGA (and its predecessor, the ) expanded upon IBM's older
by adding support for four new screen modes (three, for the 8514), including one new resolution:
640x480 pixels in direct 16 bits-per-pixel (65,536 color) RGB
(XGA only, with 1 MB
option) and 8 bpp (256 color) -indexed mode.
pixels with a 16- or 256-color (4 or 8 bpp) , using a low frequency
refresh rate (again, the higher 8 bpp mode required 1 MB VRAM).
Like the 8514, XGA offered fixed function
to offload processing of 2D drawing tasks. Both adaptors allowed offloading of line-draw, bitmap-copy (), and color-fill operations from the host . XGA's acceleration was faster than 8514's, and more comprehensive, supporting more drawing primitives, the VGA-res hi-color mode, versatile "brush" and "mask" modes, system memory addressing functions, and a single simple hardware sprite typically used to providing a low CPU load mouse pointer. It was also capable of wholly independent function, as it incorporated support for all existing VGA functions and modes – the 8514 itself was a simpler add-on adaptor that required a separate VGA to be present. It should be noted that, as they were designed for use with IBM's own range of fixed-frequency monitors, neither adaptor offered support for 800x600
XGA-2 added a 24-bit , but this was used only to extend the available master palette in 256-color mode, e.g. to allow true 256-greyscale output instead of the 64 grey levels
there was still no direct
mode despite the adaptor featuring enough default onboard VRAM (1 MB) to support it. Other improvements included provision of the previously missing 800x600 resolution (using an SVGA or multisync monitor) in up to 65,536 colors, faster screen refresh rates in all modes (including non-interlace, flicker-free output for ), and improved accelerator performance and versatility.
IBM licensed the XGA technology and architecture to certain third party hardware developers, and its characteristic modes (although not necessarily the accelerator functions, nor the MCA data-bus interface) were aped by many others. These accelerators typically did not suffer from the same limitations on available resolutions and refresh rate, and featured other now-standard modes like 800x600 (and ) at various color depths (up to 24 bpp Truecolor) and interlaced, non-interlaced and flicker-free refresh rates even before the release of the XGA-2.
All standard XGA modes have a
with square pixels, although this does not hold for certain standard VGA and third-party extended modes (640x400, ).
XGA should not be confused with EVGA (), a contemporaneous
standard that also has
pixels. It should also not be confused with the Expanded Graphics Adapter, a peripheral for the
which can also be referred to as XGA.
Wide Extended Graphics Array (Wide XGA or WXGA) is a set of
resolutions derived from the
by widening it to a
. WXGA is commonly used for low-end
for widescreen presentation. The exact resolution offered by a device described as "WXGA" can be somewhat variable owing to a proliferation of several closely related standards optimised for different uses and derived from different bases.
When referring to televisions and other monitors intended for consumer entertainment use, WXGA is generally understood to refer to a resolution of , with an aspect ratio of very nearly 16:9. The basis for this otherwise odd seeming resolution is similar to that of other "wide" standards – the line scan (refresh) rate of the well-established "XGA" standard ( pixels, 4:3 aspect) extended to give square pixels on the increasingly popular 16:9 widescreen display ratio without having to effect major signalling changes other than a faster pixel clock, or manufacturing changes other than extending panel width by one third. As 768 does not divide exactly into 9, the aspect ratio is not quite 16:9 – this would require a horizontal width of 1365.33 pixels. However, at only 0.05%, the resulting error is insignificant.
In x768 was the most popular resolution for
(versus XGA for
TVs ); by 2013, even this was relegated to only being used in smaller or cheaper displays (e.g. "bedroom" LCD TVs, or low-cost, large-format plasmas), cheaper laptop and mobile tablet computers, and midrange home cinema projectors, having otherwise been overtaken by higher "full HD" resolutions such as .
A common variant on this resolution is , which confers several technical benefits, most significantly a reduction in memory requirements from just over to just under 1 MB per 8-bit channel ( needs 0;KB
needs ;KB; 1 MB is equal to ;KB), which simplifies architecture and can significantly reduce the amount – and speed – of VRAM required with only a very minor change in available resolution, as memory chips are usually only available in fixed megabyte capacities. For example, at 32-bit color, a
framebuffer would require only 4 MB, whilst a
one may need 5, 6 or even 8 MB depending on the exact display circuitry architecture and available chip capacities. The 6-pixel reduction also means each line's width is divisible by 8 pixels, simplifying numerous routines used in both computer and broadcast/theatrical video processing, which operate on 8-pixel blocks. Historically, many video cards also mandated screen widths divisible by 8 for their lower-color, planar modes to accelerate memory accesses and simplify pixel position calculations (e.g. fetching 4-bit pixels from 32-bit memory is much faster when performed 8 pixels at a time, and calculating exactly where a particular pixel is within a memory block is much easier when lines do not end partway through a memory word), and this convention still persisted in low-end hardware even into the early days of widescreen, LCD HDTVs; thus, most 1366-width displays also quietly support display of 1360-width material, with a thin border of unused pixel columns at each side. This narrower mode is of course even further removed from the 16:9 ideal, but the error is still less than 0.5% (technically, the mode is either 15.94:9.00 or 16.00:9.04) and should be imperceptible.
When referring to laptop displays or independent displays and projectors intended primarily for use with computers, WXGA is also used to describe a resolution of
pixels, with an aspect ratio of . This was once particularly popular for laptop screens, usually with a diagonal screen size of between 12 and 15 inches, as it provided a useful compromise between 4:3 XGA and 16:9 WXGA, with improved resolution in both dimensions vs. the old standard (especially useful in portrait mode, or for displaying two standard pages of text side-by-side), a perceptibly "wider" appearance and the ability to display 720p HD video "native" with only very thin letterbox borders (usable for on-screen playback controls) and no stretching. Additionally, like , it required only ;KB (just under 1 MB) of memory per 8- thus, a typical double-buffered 32-bit colour screen could fit within 8 MB, limiting everyday demands on the complexity (and cost, energy use) of integrated graphics chipsets and their shared use of typically sparse system memory (generally allocated to the video system in relatively large blocks), at least when only the internal display was in use (external monitors generally being supported in "extended desktop" mode to at least
resolution). 16:10 (or 8:5) is itself a rather "classic" computer aspect ratio, harking back all the way to early 320x200 modes (and their derivatives) as seen in the Commodore 64, IBM CGA card and others. However, as of mid 2013, this standard is becoming increasingly rare, crowded out by the more standardised and thus more economical-to-produce
panels, as its previously beneficial features become less important with improvements to hardware, gradual loss of general backwards software compatibility, and changes in interface layout. As of August 2013, the market availability of panels with
native resolution had been generally relegated to data projectors or niche products such as convertible tablet PCs and LCD-based eBook readers.[]
Additionally, two other resolutions are sometimes labelled as WXGA:
First, the -standard
(otherwise commonly described as ""), which offers an exact 16:9 aspec naturally, it displays standard 720p HD video material without stretching or letterboxing and p with a simple 2:3 downscale. This resolution has found some use in tablets and modern, high-pixel-density mobile phones, as well as small-format "netbook" or "ultralight" (not "Ultrabook") laptop computers. However, its use is uncommon in larger, mainstream devices as it has insufficient vertical resolution for the proper use of modern operating systems such as Windows 7 whose UI design assumes a minimum of 768 lines. For certain uses such as word processing, it can even be considered a slight downgrade (reducing number of simultaneously visible lines of text without granting any significant benefit as even 640 pixels is sufficient horizontal resolution to legibly render a full page width, especially with the addition of subpixel anti-aliasing).
The second variant, , can be seen as a compromise resolution that addressed this problem, as well as a halfway house between the older
resolutions, and a stepping stone to
(being one-quarter wider than 1024, not one-third) and , that never quite caught on in the same way as either of its arguably derivative successors. Its square-pixel aspect ratio is 15:9, in contrast to HDTV's 16:9 and 's 16:10. It is also the lowest resolution that might be found in an "Ultrabook" standard laptop, as it satisfies the minimum horizontal and vertical pixel resolutions required to officially qualify for the designation.
Another mentionable resolutions are
with 3:2 aspect ratio, and
with 7:4 aspect ratio (similar to 16:9).
Recent widespread availability of
pixel resolution LCDs for laptop monitors can be considered an -driven evolution from the formerly popular
screen size, which has itself since seen UI design feedback in response to what could be considered disadvantages of the widescreen format when used with programs designed for "traditional" screens. In
specifically, the larger
of Windows Vista and 7 occupies an additional 16 pixel lines by default, which may compromise the usability of programs that already demanded a full
(instead of, e.g. 800x600) unless it is specifically se an "oddball" 784-line resolution would compensate for this, but
has a simpler aspect and also gives the slight bonus of 16 more usable lines. Also, the
and 7 can use the additional 256 or 336 horizontal pixels to display informational "widgets" without compromising the display width of other programs, and Windows 8 is specifically designed around a "two pane" concept where the full 16:9 or 16:10 screen is not required. Typically, this consists of a 4:3 main program area (typically 00x800 or ) plus a narrow sidebar running a second program, showing a toolbox for the main program or a pop-out OS shortcut panel taking up the remainder.
resolution displays have also been found labeled as WXGA; however, the correct label is actually .
XGA+ stands for Extended Graphics Array Plus and is a , usually understood to refer to the
resolution with an aspect ratio of 4:3. Until the advent of widescreen , XGA+ was often used on 17-inch desktop
monitors. It is the highest 4:3 resolution not greater than 220 pixels (~1.05 ), with its horizontal dimension a multiple of 32 pixels. This enables it to fit closely into a video memory or framebuffer of 1  (1 × 220 ), assuming the use of one byte per pixel. The common multiple of 32 pixels constraint is related to .
Historically, the resolution also relates to the earlier standard of
pixels, which was adopted by
in the early 1980s. A decade later,
selected the resolution of
for their 21-inch CRT monitors, intended for use as two-page displays on the
computer. These resolutions are even closer to the limit of a 1 MB framebuffer, but their aspect ratios differ slightly from the common 4:3.
XGA+ is the next step after
(), although it is not approved by any standard organizations. The next step with an aspect ratio of 4:3 is
WXGA+ and WSXGA are non-standard terms referring to computer display resolutions. Usually they refer to a resolution of ,[] but occasionally manufacturers use other terms to refer to this resolution. The Standard Panels Working Group refers to the
resolution as WXGA(II).
WSXGA and WXGA+ can be considered enhanced versions of
with more pixels, or as widescreen variants of . The aspect ratios of each are
WXGA+ () resolution is common in 19 in widescreen desktop monitors (a very small number of such monitors use ), and is also optional, although less common, in
LCDs, in sizes ranging from 12.1 in to 17 in. It is also used in the 13 inch . With a 13.3 in screen this is 128 ppi.
The other one is , which is 15:10 ().
SXGA is an abbreviation for Super Extended Graphics Array referring to a standard
resolution of
pixels. This
is the "next step" above the
resolution that
developed in 1990.
resolution is not the standard 4:3 , but 5:4 (1.25:1 instead of 1.333:1). A standard 4:3 monitor using this resolution will have rectangular rather than square pixels, meaning that unless the software compensates for this the picture will be distorted, causing circles to appear elliptical.
There is a less common
resolution that preserves the common 4:3 aspect ratio. It is sometimes unofficially called SXGA- to avoid confusion with the "standard" SXGA. Elsewhere this 4:3 resolution was also called UVGA (Ultra VGA): Since both sides are doubled from VGA the term Quad VGA would be a systematic one, but it is hardly ever used, because its initialism
is strongly associated with the alternate meaning Quarter VGA (320x240).
SXGA is the most common native resolution of 17 in and 19 in
monitors. An LCD monitor with SXGA native resolution will typically have a physical 5:4 aspect ratio, preserving a 1:1 .
manufactured a 17 in
monitor with a 5:4 aspect ratio designed for this resolution. It was sold under the Apple brand name.[]
SXGA is also a popular resolution for cell phone cameras, such as the Motorola Razr and most Samsung and LG phones. Although being taken over by newer UXGA (2.0-megapixel) cameras, the 1.3-megapixel was the most common around 2007.[]
Any CRT that can run
can also run , which has the standard 4:3 ratio. A flat panel
screen, including one designed for , will show stretching distortion when set to display any resolution other than its native one, as the image needs to be interpolated to fit in the fixed grid display. Some TFT displays do not allow a user to disable this, and will prevent the upper and lower portions of the screen from being used forcing a "" format when set to a 4:3 ratio.[]
resolution became popular because at
it fit well into 4
of .[] At the time, memory was extremely expensive. Using
allowed using 3.75  of video RAM, fitting nicely with
chip sizes which were available at the time (4 MB).
() px × 8 bit/px ÷ 8 bit/byte ÷ 220 byte/MB = 1.25 MB
() px × 24 bit/px ÷ 8 bit/byte ÷ 220 byte/MB = 3.75 MB
SXGA+ stands for Super Extended Graphics Array Plus and is a . An SXGA+ display is commonly used on 14-inch or 15-inch
screens with a
pixels. An SXGA+ display is used on a few 12-inch laptop screens such as the
X60 and X61 (both only as tablet) as well as the
Portégé M200 and M400, but those are far less common. At 14.1 inches,
offered SXGA+ on many of the Dell Latitude "C" series laptops, such as the C640 and the C810, and Lenovo on the
T61 and T61p.
also used SXGA+ in their Z1 series, but no longer produce them as
has become more predominant.
There is a widescreen version of SXGA+ called
with a resolution of . This is a common native resolution of 19–22-inch wide-aspect LCD monitors, and is also available on many laptops.
It is the next common step in resolution after , although it is not approved by any organization. The most common resolution immediately above is called
(sometimes also known as UGA), which has
In desktop LCDs, SXGA+ is used on some low-end 20-inch monitors, whereas most of the 20-inch LCDs use UXGA (standard screen ratio), or WSXGA+ (widescreen ratio).
WSXGA+ stands for Widescreen Super Extended Graphics Array Plus and is a . A WSXGA+ display is commonly used on Widescreen 20 in, 21 in, and popular 22 in LCD monitors from numerous manufacturers (and a very small number of 19 in widescreen monitors), as well as widescreen 15.4 in and 17 in
screens like the
T61 and the Apple 15 in . The
pixels (1,764,000 pixels) and has a
WSXGA+ is the widescreen version of , but it is not approved by any organization. The next highest resolution (for widescreen) after it is , which is
UXGA or UGA is an abbreviation for Ultra Extended Graphics Array referring to a standard
pixels (totaling 1,920,000 pixels), which is exactly four times the default
(800x600) (totaling 480,000 pixels).
Inc. refers to the same resolution of 1,920,000 pixels as UGA. It is generally considered to be the next step above
( or ), but some resolutions (such as the unnamed
at ) fit between the two.
UXGA has been the native resolution of many fullscreen monitors of 15 in or more, including laptop LCDs such as the ones in
A21p, A30p, A31p, T42p, T43p and T60p; Dell Inspiron 00; Panasonic Toughbook CF-51; and the original Alienware Area 51m. However, in more recent times, UXGA is not used in laptops at all but rather in desktop UXGA monitors that have been made in sizes of 20 in and 21.3 in. Some 14 in laptop LCDs with UXGA have also existed, but these were very rare.
There are two different
cousins of UXGA, one called UWXGA with 0) and one called
resolution.
WUXGA stands for
Ultra Extended Graphics Array and is a
pixels (2,304,000 pixels) with a 16:10 screen . It is a wide version of , and can be used for viewing
(HDTV) content, which uses a 16:9 aspect ratio and a 0p) or
(1080i or 1080p) resolution.
The 16:10 aspect ratio (as opposed to the 16:9 used in widescreen televisions) was chosen because this aspect ratio is appropriate for displaying two full pages of text side by side.
WUXGA resolution is 2.304 megapixels. An uncompressed 8-bit RGB WUXGA image has a size of ~6.6  (6750 × 210 bytes). As of 2014, this resolution is available in a few high-end
(e.g. Dell Ultrasharp U2413, Lenovo L220x, Samsung T220P, ViewSonic SD-Z225), although in the past it was used in a wider variety of displays, including 17 in laptops. WUXGA use predates the introduction of LCDs of that resolution. Most
displays support
and widescreen
such as the Sony GDM-FW900 and Hewlett Packard A7217A do as well.
The next lower resolution (for widescreen) before it is , which is
pixels (1,764,000 pixels, or 30.61% fewer than the WUXGA); the next higher resolution widescreen is an unnamed
resolution (supported by the above GDM-FW900 and A7217A) and then the more common , which has
pixels (4,096,000 pixels, or 77.78% more than WUXGA).
There are two wider formats called UWXGA :12) and UW-UXGA that has
pixels, a 2.37:1 or 21 1/3 :9 or 64:27 aspect ratio, sometimes erroneously labeled 21:9.
Percentage of difference in pixels
video with slight letterbox
Complements portrait
The QXGA, or Quad Extended Graphics Array, display standard is a resolution standard in display technology. Some examples of
monitors that have pixel counts at these levels are the Dell 3008WFP, the , the Apple
(27 in 2009–present), the , and the
(3rd generation). Many standard 21–22 in CRT monitors and some of the highest-end 19 in CRTs also support this resolution.
Not to be confused with WQXGA.
QWXGA (Quad Wide Extended Graphics Array) is a
pixels with a
. A few LCD QWXGA monitors were available in 2009 with 23- and 27-inch displays, such as the
B233HU (23-inch) and B273HU (27-inch), the
SP2309W, and the
2343BWX. As of 2011, most
monitors have been discontinued, and as of 2013 no major manufacturer produces monitors with this resolution.
QXGA (Quad Extended Graphics Array) is a
pixels with a
. The name comes from it having four times as many pixels as an
display. Examples of LCDs with this resolution are the
T210 and the
G33 and R31 screens, but in CRT monitors this resolution some examples include the
FP2141SB or
Vision Master Pro 514, and
P1230. Of these monitors, none are still in production. A related display size is , which is a
version. CRTs offer a way to achieve QXGA cheaply. Models like the Mitsubishi Diamond Pro 2045U and IBM ThinkVision C220P retailed for around 200 USD, and even higher performance ones like the ViewSonic PerfectFlat P220fB remained under 500 USD. At one time, many off-lease P1230s could be found on eBay for under 150 USD. The LCDs with WQXGA or QXGA resolution typically cost 4 to 5 times more for the same resolution.
manufactured a 15 in QXGA
panel. NEC sold laptops with QXGA screens in 2002–05 for the Japanese market. The
(starting from 3rd generation) also has a QXGA display.
Not to be confused with QWXGA.
WQXGA (Wide Quad Extended Graphics Array) is a
pixels with a
. The name comes from it being a wide version of QXGA and having four times as many pixels as an
() display.
To obtain a vertical refresh rate higher than 40 Hz, this resolution requires more bandwidth than a single link DVI supports and requires
capable cables and devices. To avoid cable problems monitors are sometimes shipped with an appropriate dual link cable already plugged in. Many
support this resolution. One feature that is currently unique to the 30 in WQXGA monitors is the ability to function as the centerpiece and main display of a three-monitor array of complementary aspect ratios, with two
() 20 in monitors turned vertically on either side. The resolutions are equal, and the size of the 1600 resolution edges (if the manufacturer is honest) is within a tenth of an inch (16 in vs. 15.89999"), presenting a "picture window view" without the extreme lateral dimensions, small central panel, asymmetry, resolution differences, or dimensional difference of other three-monitor combinations. The resulting
composite image has a 3.1:1 aspect ratio. This also means one UXGA 20 in monitor in portrait orientation can also be flanked by two 30 in WQXGA monitors for a
composite image with an 11.85:3 (79:20, 3.95:1) aspect ratio. Some WQXGA medical displays (such as the Barco Coronis 4MP) can also be configured as two virtual
seamless displays by using both DVI ports at the same time.
An early consumer WQXGA monitor was the 30 in Apple Cinema Display, unveiled by Apple in June 2004. At the time, Dual-link DVI was uncommon on consumer hardware, so Apple partnered with Nvidia to develop a special graphics card that had two Dual-link DVI ports, allowing simultaneous use of two 30 in Apple Cinema Displays. The nature of this graphics card, being an add-in AGP card, meant that the monitors could only be used in a desktop computer, like the Power Mac G5, that could have the add-in card installed, and could not be immediately used with laptop computers that lacked this expansion capability.
In 2010, WQXGA made its debut in a handful of home theater projectors targeted at the Constant Height Screen application market. Both Digital Projection Inc and projectiondesign released models based on a
DLP chip with a native WQXGA resolution, alleviating the need for an anamorphic lens to achieve 1:2.35 image projection. Many manufacturers have 27–30 in models that are capable of WQXGA, albeit at a much higher price than lower resolution monitors of the same size. Several mainstream WQXGA monitors are available with 30-inch displays, such as the , Dell UltraSharp 3008WFP, U3011 and 3014, the
LP3065, the
W3000H, and the
305T. Specialist manufacturers like , ,
(LC-3001), and possibly others offer similar models.
Released in November 2012, Google's
is the first consumer
to feature WQXGA resolution. Before its release, the highest resolution available on a tablet was QXGA (), available on the Apple
3rd and 4th generations devices. Several Samsung Galaxy tablets, including the Note 10.1 (2014 Edition), Tab S 8.4, 10.5 and TabPRO 8.4, 10.1 and 12.2, as well as the Gigaset QV1030, also feature a WQXGA resolution display.
In 2012 Apple released the 13 inch MacBook Pro with Retina Display that features a WQXGA display.
QSXGA (Quad Super Extended Graphics Array) is a display resolution of
pixels with a 5:4 . Grayscale monitors with a
resolution, primarily for medical use, are available from
(Dome E5),
(Radiforce G51),
(Nio 5, MP),
(IF2105MP),
(IAQS80F), and possibly others.
Recent medical displays such as Barco Coronis Fusion 10MP or NDS Dome S10 have native panel resolution of . These are driven by two dual-link DVI or
outputs. They can be considered to be two seamless virtual QSXGA displays as they have to be driven simultaneously by both dual link DVI or DisplayPort since one dual link DVI or DisplayPort cannot single-handedly display 10 megapixels. A similar resolution of
(4:3) was supported by a small number of CRT displays via VGA such as the Viewsonic P225f when paired with the right graphics card.
WQSXGA (Wide Quad Super Extended Graphics Array) describes a display standard that can support a resolution up to
pixels, assuming a 1.56:1 (25:16) aspect ratio. The Coronis Fusion 6MP DL by
(approximately 16:10).
QUXGA (Quad Ultra Extended Graphics Array) describes a display standard that can support a resolution up to
pixels, assuming a 4:3 aspect ratio.
WQUXGA (Wide Quad Ultra Extended Graphics Array) describes a display standard that supports a resolution of
pixels, which provides a 16:10 aspect ratio. This resolution is exactly four times
(in pixels).
WQUXGA is the maximum resolution supported by
1.2, though actually displaying such a resolution on a device with DisplayPort 1.2 is dependent on the graphics system in much the same way devices with VGA connectors do not necessarily maximize that standard's highest possible resolution. Most
with a DVI connector are capable of supporting the
resolution. However, the maximum refresh rate will be limited by the number of DVI links which are connected to the monitor. 1, 2, or 4 DVI connectors are used to drive the monitor using various tile configurations. Only the IBM T221-DG5 and IDTech MD22292B5 support the use of dual-link DVI ports through an external converter box. Many systems using these monitors use at least two DVI connectors to send video to the monitor. These DVI connectors can be from the same graphics card, different graphics cards, or even different computers. Motion across the tile boundary(ies) can show
if the DVI links are not synchronized. The display panel can be updated at a speed between 0 Hz and 41 Hz (48 Hz for the IBM T221-DG5, -DGP, and IDTech MD22292B5). The refresh rate of the video signal can be higher than 41 Hz (or 48 Hz) but the monitor will not update the display any faster even if graphics card(s) do so.
In June 2001, WQUXGA was introduced in the
using a LCD panel built by . LCD displays that support WQUXGA resolution include: , ,
AQU5611DTBK,
, ADTX MD22292B, and
MD22292 (models B0, B1, B2, B5, C0, C2). IDTech was the original equipment manufacturer which sold these monitors to ADTX, , , and . However, none of the WQUXGA monitors (IBM, ViewSonic, Iiyama, ADTX) are in production anymore: they had prices that were well above even the higher end displays used by graphic professionals, and the lower refresh rates, 41 Hz and 48 Hz, made them less attractive for many applications.
The HXGA display standard and its derivatives are a standard in display technology. As of 2012, there is no
that displays at these levels[] but several
can record such images.
HXGA an abbreviation for Hex[adecatuple] Extended Graphics Array is a display standard that can support a resolution of
pixels (or 3200 pixels) with a 4:3 aspect ratio. The name comes from it having sixteen () times as many pixels as an
WHXGA an abbreviation for Wide Hex[adecatuple] Extended Graphics Array is a display standard that can support a resolution of roughly
pixels with a 16:10 aspect ratio. The name comes from it being a wide version of HXGA, which has sixteen (hexadecatuple) times as many pixels as an
HSXGA, an abbreviation for Hex[adecatuple] Super Extended Graphics Array, is a display standard that can support a resolution of roughly
pixels with a 5:4 aspect ratio. The name comes from it having sixteen (hexadecatuple) times as many pixels as an
WHSXGA, an abbreviation for Wide Hex[adecatuple] Super Extended Graphics Array, is a display standard that can support a resolution up to
pixels, assuming a 1.56:1 (25:16) aspect ratio. The name comes from it having sixteen (hexadecatuple) times as many pixels as an
HUXGA, an abbreviation for Hex[adecatuple] Ultra Extended Graphics Array, is a display standard that can support a resolution of roughly
pixels with a 4:3 aspect ratio. The name comes from it having sixteen (hexadecatuple) times as many pixels as an
WHUXGA an abbreviation for Wide Hex[adecatuple] Ultra Extended Graphics Array, is a display standard that can support a resolution up to
pixels, assuming a 16:10 (8:5) aspect ratio. The name comes from it having sixteen (hexadecatuple) times as many pixels as a
nHD is a display resolution of 640x360 pixels, which is exactly one ninth of a
(1080p) frame and one quarter of a
(720p) frame. Pixel doubling (vertically and horizontally) nHD frames will form one 720p frame and pixel tripling nHD frames will form one 1080p frame.
One drawback of this resolution is that the vertical resolution is not an even multiple of 16, which is a common
size for . Video frames encoded with 16x16 pixel macroblocks would be padded to 640x368 and the added pixels would be cropped away at playback. H.264 codecs have this padding and cropping ability built-in as standard. The same is true for qHD and 1080p but the relative amount of padding is more for lower resolutions such as nHD.
To avoid storing the eight lines of padded pixels, some people prefer to encode video at 624x352, which only has one stored padded line. When such video streams are either encoded from HD frames or played back on HD displays in full screen mode (either 720p or 1080p) they are scaled by non-integer scale factors. True nHD frames on the other hand has integer scale factors, for example Nokia 808 PureView with nHD display.
qHD is a display resolution of 960x540 pixels, which is exactly one quarter of a
(1080p) frame, in a 16:9 .
Similar to DVGA, this resolution became popular for high-end smartphone displays in early 2011. Mobile phones including the , , , , ,
have displays with the qHD resolution, as does the
portable game system.
The HD resolution of
pixels stems from
(HDTV), where it originally used 60 frames per second. With its 16:9 aspect ratio it is exactly 2 times the width and 1 1/2 times the height of 4:3 , which shares its aspect ratio and 480 line count with . HD therefore has exactly 3 times as many pixels as VGA.
This resolution is sometimes referred to as 720p, although the p (which stands for
and is important for transmission formats) is irrelevant for labeling digital display resolutions.
Back at the time,[] when the HD technology and standard debut the market, this type of resolution was very very often and commonly referred to (both by the public and by the marketers) by its friendlier branded and certified name .[]
Few screens have been built that actually use this resolution natively, most employ 16:9 panels with 768 lines instead (), which resulted in odd numbers of pixels per line, i.e. 1365 1/3 are rounded to , 1366 or even 1376, the next multiple of 16.
The FHD or Full HD resolution of
pixels in a 16:9 aspect ratio was developed as an HDTV transmission and storage format. Using , the bandwidth requirements are very similar to those of
– their pixel counts are roughly in a 2:1 ratio, 9:4 exactly. FHD is 3 times the width and 2 1/4 times the height of 4:3 .
Due to its origins, this resolution is sometimes referred to as 1080i wherein the i stands for "interlaced". Since there are also progressive signals with the same frame rate (but half the effective field rate) those signals are more commonly called 1080p.
Since most video codecs use 16x16 or 32x32 pixel macro blocks there is often an excess 8 lines encoded, because 16×68 = 32×34 = 1088.
WQHD (Wide Quad HD), also advertised as QHD, or 1440p, is a display resolution of
pixels in a 16:9 . It has four times as many pixels as the
HDTV video standard, hence the name.
This resolution was under consideration by the ATSC in the late 1980s to become the standard HDTV format, because it is exactly 4 times the width and 3 times the height of VGA, which has the same number of lines as NTSC signals at the
4:3 aspect ratio. Pragmatic technical constraints made them choose the now well-known 16:9 formats with twice (HD) and thrice (FHD) the VGA width instead.
In autumn 2006,
(CMO) announced a 47 inch 1440p LCD panel to be released in Q2 2007; the panel was planned to finally debut at FPD International 2008 in a form of
. As of the end of 2013, monitors that have a WQHD display are becoming more common. A
is available.
The resolution is also used in portable devices. In autumn 2012 Samsung announced the Series 9 WQHD laptop with a 13 inch
display. In August 2013 LG announced a 5.5 inch WQHD smartphone display, which is used in the . In October 2013 Vivo announced a smartphone with a
display. Other phone manufacturers followed in 2014, such as Samsung with a 5.7 inch Super AMOLED WQHD smartphone display named the
announced the
smartphone with a 5.96 inch WQHD display. By 2015, WQHD was a common resolution amongst flagship phones such as the Samsung
and the LG , featuring a 5.5 in WQHD display.
WQXGA+ (Wide Quad Extended Graphics Array Plus), also referred to as QHD and QHD+, is a resolution of
in a 16:9 aspect ratio. It has four times as many pixels as the
HD+ resolution.
The first products announced to use this resolution are the 2013
14 TouchSmart Ultrabook and the 13.3 in .
Main article:
UHD (Ultra HD) is a display resolution of
pixels (four times as many pixels as FHD) in the same 16:9 . This resolution is part of the UHDTV standard and is advocated by .
In early 2008, Samsung revealed a
82-inch LCD TV set capable of this resolution and LG has demonstrated an 84-inch display. In November 2010, CMI launched a 27.84 in 158
4K IPS panel for medical purposes. Optik View has two versions of 56 in UHD monitors. DC801 has two Dual Link DVI DC802 has four different versions: four single link DVI, four HDMI, four DisplayPort and/or four 3G-SDI inputs. All versions can deliver a resolution of . Eyevis produces a 56 in LCD named EYELCD 56 QHD HD while
makes the P56QHD and in October 2011 released the REGZA 55x3, which is claimed to be the First 4K glasses-free 3D TV,
the 56P-QF60LCU, and
the SRM-L560, all which can deliver a resolution of . Landmark has also produced a 56 in 4K monitor, the M5600. Both
support 4K, at up to 30 Hz using a single cable. DisplayPort 1.2 can also achieve 60 Hz at this resolution with a single cable, however early monitors achieve this with a tiled approach where the graphics adapter multiplexes two signals via Multi-Stream Transport (MST). The two signals (tiles) are reconstructed as a single image on the monitor. Newer monitors such as the
PB287Q do not rely on tiling or MST to achieve 60 Hz.
has no such option but
can also achieve 60 Hz.
Standard established by the
consortium consisting of 4096 pixels × 2160 lines (8.8 megapixels, aspect ratio ≈17:9) for 4K film projection. This is the native resolution for DCI-compliant 4K digital projectors and monitors.
UHD+ is a display resolution of
with a 16:9 . The line count of 2880 is also the
of 480 and 576, the scanline count of NTSC and PAL, respectively. Such a resolution can vertically scale SD content to fit by , 6 for NTSC and 5 for PAL. Horizontal scaling of SD is always fractional (non-anamorphotic: 5.33...5.47, anamorphotic: 7.11...7.29). The first display with this resolution is the Dell UltraSharp 27, announced on September 5, 2014. On October 16, 2014, Apple announced the
with . Thunderbolt 3 and DisplayPort 1.3 came with support for this resolution.
Main article:
FUHD (Full Ultra HD) is a display resolution of
pixels (four times as many pixels as Ultra HD, or sixteen times as many pixels as Full HD) in the same 16:9 . This resolution is part of the UHDTV standard and is advocated by
and the . , announced by VESA in February 2015, supports this resolution.
QUHD (Quad Ultra HD) is a display resolution of 15,360x8640 pixels (four times as many pixels as FUHD (8K, see above), or sixteen times as many as UHD) in the same 16:9 .
and , video modes in VGA (including VGA-compatible and successors to VGA, such as ) hardware with a resolution profile similar to QVGA
Kwon, Jang Y Jung, Ji S Park, Kyung B Kim, Jong M Lim, H Lee, Sang Y Kim, Jong M Noguchi, T et al. (2006). "2.2 inch qqVGA AMOLED Drove by Ultra Low Temperature Poly Silicon (ULTPS) TFT Direct Fabricated Below 200°C". SID 2006 Digest 37 (2): 1358–61. :.
. Tech-FAQ. Memebridge.
Shin, Min-S Choi, Jung-W Kim, Yong-J Kim, Kyong-R Lee, I Kwon, Oh-Kyong (2007). "Accurate Power Estimation of LCD Panels for Notebook Design of Low-Cost 2.2-inch qVGA LTPS TFT-LCD Panel". SID 2007 Digest 38 (1): 260–263.
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Polsson, Ken. . Archived from
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(PDF) (FAQ). Nvidia.
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Verma, Vipul (). . The Tribune.
Necasek, Michal. . The OS/2 Museum 2013.
Necasek, Michal. . The OS/2 Museum 2013.
(PDF). International Business Machines Corporation. 1987. p. GL-17.
(PDF). Hitachi. Archived from
(PDF) on .
(PDF). VESA. . Archived from
(PDF) on .
(PDF). VESA. October 2005. p. 21. Archived from
(PDF) on .
(Press release). Renesas Technology. . Archived from
(PDF). Standard Panels Working Group. . p. 18.
Inc., Apple (April 11, 2014). . <.
from the original on April 11, .
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(in Japanese). NEC. .
(in Japanese). NEC. .
(Press release). ViewSonic. . Archived from
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McGuigan, Brendan (2013). . < 2013.
Lawler, Richard (). . Engadget.
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Davies, Chris (). . SlashGear.
Santos, Alexis (). . Engadget. AOL.
Lai, Richard (). . Engadget. AOL.
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Anthony, Sebastian (10 February 2015). . Ars Technica. Condé Nast.
: Hidden categories:}
The graphics display resolution is the width and height dimensions of an
device, such as a , in pixels. Certain combinations of width and height are standardized and typically given a name and an
that is descriptive of its dimensions. A higher display resolution in a display of the same size means that displayed content appears .
Overview by vertical resolution and aspect ratio
Leftmost column is height in pixels, other columns show width in pixels for each aspect ratio.
5:4 = 1.25
16:10 = 1.6
16:9 = 1.7
19:10 = 1.9
21:9 = 2.3
320 or 640
432 FWQVGA (18:10)
1024 WSVGA (128:75)
<td title="80
1280 /UVGA
1440 FWXGA+
1600 WSXGA
2560 UW-UXGA
(25:16=1.5625)
(25:16=1.5625)
7680 FUHD (8K)
10080 FUHD (8K)
8192 FUHD (8K)
15360 QUHD (16K)
Multiple display standards compared.
Main article:
The favoured aspect ratio of mass market display industry products has changed gradually from 4:3, then to 16:10, and then to 16:9, and now 21:9. This has made many of the display resolutions listed in this article difficult to obtain in mass market products. The 4:3 aspect ratio generally reflects older products, especially the era of the cathode ray tube (CRT). The 16:10 aspect ratio had its largest use in the
period, and the 16:9 aspect ratio tends to reflect post-2010 mass market computer monitor, laptop, and entertainment products displays. In many cases the resolutions listed in the sections below may have a small market, may only be seen in specialized industrial or computer market products, or may not be available for sale.
The 4:3 aspect ratio was common in older television cathode ray tube (CRT) displays, which were not easily adaptable to a wider aspect ratio. When good quality alternate technologies (i.e., liquid crystal displays (LCDs) and plasma displays) became more available and less costly, around the year 2000, the common computer displays and entertainment products moved to a wider aspect ratio, first to the 16:10 ratio. The 16:10 ratio allowed some compromise between showing older 4:3 aspect ratio broadcast TV shows, but also allowing better viewing of widescreen movies. However, around the year 2005, entertainment industry displays (i.e., TV sets) gradually moved from 16:10 to the 16:9 aspect ratio, for further improvement of viewing widescreen movies. By about 2007, virtually all mass market entertainment displays were 16:9. In x1080 (Full HD, the native resolution of Blu-ray) was the favored resolution in the most heavily marketed entertainment market displays. The next standard,
(Ultra HD alias 4K) emerged in 2013, but movies and TV stations do not support that resolution yet.
Also in 2013, displays with
(aspect ratio 64:27 or 2.37:1, however commonly referred to as "21:9" for comparison with 16:9) appeared, which closely approximate the common
movie standard aspect ratio of 2.35–2.40:1. In 2014, "21:9" screens with pixel dimensions of
(actual aspect ratio 43:18 or 2.39:1) became available.
The computer display industry maintained the 16:10 aspect ratio longer than the entertainment industry, but in the
period, computers were increasingly marketed as dual use products, with uses in the traditional computer applications, but also as means of viewing entertainment content. In this time frame, with the notable exception of Apple, almost all desktop, laptop, and display manufacturers gradually moved to promoting only 16:9 aspect ratio displays. By 2011, the 16:10 aspect ratio had virtually disappeared from the Windows laptop display market (although Macintosh laptops are still mostly 16:10, including the
Retina MacBook Pro). One artifact is that the highest available resolutions moved downward in this time frame (i.e., the move from
laptop displays to
displays).
Quarter-QVGA (QQVGA or qqVGA) denotes a resolution of 160x120 or 120x160 pixels, usually used in displays of handheld devices. The term Quarter-QVGA signifies a resolution of one fourth the number of pixels in a
display (half the number of vertical and half the number of horizontal pixels) which itself has one fourth the number of pixels in a
The abbreviation qqVGA may be used to distinguish quarter from quad, just like qVGA.
Half-QVGA denotes a display screen resolution of 240x160 or 160x240 pixels, as seen on the . This resolution is half of , which is itself a quarter of , which is 640x480 pixels.
QVGA compared to VGA
The Quarter Video Graphics Array (also known as Quarter , QVGA, or qVGA) is a popular term for a computer display with 320x240 . QVGA displays were most often used in ,
(PDA), and some . Often the displays are in a "" orientation (i.e., taller than they are wide, as opposed to "") and are referred to as 240x320.
The name comes from having a quarter of the 640x480 maximum resolution of the original
display technology, which became a de facto industry standard in the late 1980s. QVGA is not a standard mode offered by the , even though VGA and compatible
support a QVGA-sized . The term refers only to the display's resolution and thus the abbreviated term QVGA or Quarter VGA is more appropriate to use.
QVGA resolution is also used in
recording equipment as a low-resolution mode requiring less data storage capacity than higher resolutions, typically in still
with video recording capability, and some . Each frame is an image of 320x240 pixels. QVGA video is typically recorded at 15 or 30 . QVGA mode describes the size of an image in pixels, commonly c numerous
support this resolution.
While QVGA is a lower resolution than VGA, at higher resolutions the "Q" prefix commonly means quad(ruple) or four times higher display resolution (e.g.,
is four times higher resolution than ). To distinguish quarter from quad, lowercase "q" is sometimes used for "quarter" and uppercase "Q" for "quad", by analogy with
like m/M and p/P, but this is not a consistent usage.
Some examples of devices that use QVGA display resolution include, , -E400, ,
and ' bottom screen.
Wide QVGA or WQVGA is any
having the same height in pixels as , but wider. This definition is consistent with other 'wide' versions of computer displays.
Since QVGA is 320 pixels wide and 240 pixels high (aspect ratio of 4:3), the resolution of a WQVGA screen might be 360x240 (3:2 aspect ratio), 384x240 (16:10 aspect ratio), 400x240 (5:3 – such as the
screen or the maximum resolution in
at 240p), 428x240 or 432x240 (~16:9 ratio). As with , exact ratios of n:9 are difficult because of the way VGA controllers internally deal with pixels. For instance, when using graphical combinatorial operations on pixels, VGA controllers will use 1 bit per pixel. Since bits cannot be accessed individually but by chunks of 16 or an even higher power of 2, this limits the horizontal resolution to a 16-pixel granularity, i.e., the horizontal resolution must be divisible by 16. In the case of 16:9 ratio, with 240 pixels high, the horizontal resolution should be 240 / 9 × 16 = 426.6, the closest multiple of 16 is 432.
WQVGA has also been used to describe displays that are not 240 pixels high, for example
displays which are 480 pixels wide and 270 or 272 pixels high. This may be due to QVGA having the nearest screen height.
WQVGA resolutions are commonly used in
mobile phones, such as 400x240, 432x240, and 480x240. For example, the Sony Ericsson Aino and the Samsung Instinct both have WQVGA screen resolutions – 240x432. Other devices such as the Apple
also use a WQVGA screen, 240x376 pixels.
HVGA (Half-size ) screens have 480x320 pixels (3:2 aspect ratio), 480x360 pixels (4:3 aspect ratio), 480x272 (~16:9 aspect ratio) or 640x240 pixels (8:3 aspect ratio). The former is used by a variety of
devices, starting with the Sony
in 2002, and standalone PDAs by . The latter was used by a variety of
devices. VGA resolution is 640x480.
Examples of devices that use HVGA include the Apple
9000, , , ,
Eve, , , , , , , ,
produces the
which supports HVGA resolution.
HVGA was the only resolution supported in the first versions of Google , up to release 1.5. Other higher and lower resolutions became available starting on release 1.6, like the popular
resolution on the
resolution on the .
throughout the 1980s were mostly rendered at this resolution, causing objects to have jagged edges on the top and bottom when edges were not anti-aliased.
Main article:
Video Graphics Array (VGA) refers specifically to the display hardware first introduced with the
line of computers in 1987. Through its widespread adoption, VGA has also come to mean either an
, the 15-pin
resolution itself. While the VGA resolution was superseded in the
market in the 1990s, it became a popular resolution on mobile devices in the 2000s. VGA is still the universal fallback troubleshooting mode in the case of trouble with graphic device drivers in operating systems. In the field of videos the resolution of 640x480 is called Standard Definition (SD) - in comparison for instance to HD () or Full HD ().
Wide VGA or WVGA, sometimes just WGA, an
for Wide Video Graphics Array is any
with the same 480 pixel height as
but wider, such as 720x480 (3:2 aspect ratio), 800x480 (5:3), 848x480, 852x480, 853x480 or 854x480 (~16:9). It is a common resolution among
and later portable and hand-held internet-enabled devices (such as
and ) as it is capable of rendering web sites designed for an 800 wide window in full page-width. Examples of hand-held internet devices, without phone capability, with this resolution include: ,
700 series,
Mobile phones with WVGA display resolution are also common. A
is available.
FWVGA is an
for Full Wide Video Graphics Array which refers to a display resolution of 854x480 pixels. 854x480 is approximately the 16:9
"un-squeezed" NTSC DVD widescreen video and considered a "safe" resolution that does not crop any of the image. It is called Full WVGA to distinguish it from other, narrower WVGA resolutions which require cropping 16:9
(i.e. it is full width, albeit with considerable ).
The 854 pixel width is rounded up from 853.3. 480 × 16/9 = 7680/9 = 8531/3. Since a pixel must be a whole number, rounding up to 854 ensures inclusion of the entire image. Due to physical devices often being manufactured with pixel resolutions that are multiples of 16, the horizontal resolution of 854 may be implemented by the OS simply pretending the 10 edgemost columns, from a full physical width of 864, do not exist.[]
with FWVGA display resolution started to become more common. A
is available. In addition, the
that comes with the
gaming console includes a 6.2 inch FWVGA display.
Main article:
Super Video Graphics Array, abbreviated to Super VGA or SVGA, also known as Ultra Video Graphics Array, abbreviated to Ultra VGA or UVGA, is a broad term that covers a wide range of .
Originally, it was an extension to the
standard first released by
in 1987. Unlike VGA – a purely IBM-defined standard – Super VGA was defined by the
(VESA), an open consortium set up to promote interoperability and define standards. When used as a resolution specification, in contrast to
for example, the term SVGA normally refers to a resolution of 800x600 pixels.
The marginally higher resolution 832x624 is the highest 4:3 resolution not greater than 219 pixels, with its horizontal dimension a multiple of 32 pixels. This enables it to fit within a
of 512  (512 × 210 bytes), and the common multiple of 32 pixels constraint is related to . For these reasons this resolution was available on the
and other systems.[]
DVGA (Double-size ) screens have 960x640 pixels (3:2 aspect ratio). Both dimensions are double that of HVGA, hence the pixel count is quadrupled.
Examples of devices that use DVGA include the
mobile phone and the Apple
4/4S, where the screen is called the "Retina Display".
The wide version of SVGA is known as WSVGA (Wide Super VGA), featured on , , and . The resolution is either
(aspect ratio 16:9) or
(between 15:9 and 16:9) with screen sizes normally ranging from 7 to 10 inches. It has full XGA width of 1024 pixels.
XGA, the Extended Graphics Array, is an
display standard introduced in 1990. Later it became the most common appellation of the
pixels , but the official definition is broader than that. It was not a new and improved replacement for , but rather became one particular subset of the broad range of capabilities covered under the "Super VGA" umbrella.
The initial version of XGA (and its predecessor, the ) expanded upon IBM's older
by adding support for four new screen modes (three, for the 8514), including one new resolution:
640x480 pixels in direct 16 bits-per-pixel (65,536 color) RGB
(XGA only, with 1 MB
option) and 8 bpp (256 color) -indexed mode.
pixels with a 16- or 256-color (4 or 8 bpp) , using a low frequency
refresh rate (again, the higher 8 bpp mode required 1 MB VRAM).
Like the 8514, XGA offered fixed function
to offload processing of 2D drawing tasks. Both adaptors allowed offloading of line-draw, bitmap-copy (), and color-fill operations from the host . XGA's acceleration was faster than 8514's, and more comprehensive, supporting more drawing primitives, the VGA-res hi-color mode, versatile "brush" and "mask" modes, system memory addressing functions, and a single simple hardware sprite typically used to providing a low CPU load mouse pointer. It was also capable of wholly independent function, as it incorporated support for all existing VGA functions and modes – the 8514 itself was a simpler add-on adaptor that required a separate VGA to be present. It should be noted that, as they were designed for use with IBM's own range of fixed-frequency monitors, neither adaptor offered support for 800x600
XGA-2 added a 24-bit , but this was used only to extend the available master palette in 256-color mode, e.g. to allow true 256-greyscale output instead of the 64 grey levels
there was still no direct
mode despite the adaptor featuring enough default onboard VRAM (1 MB) to support it. Other improvements included provision of the previously missing 800x600 resolution (using an SVGA or multisync monitor) in up to 65,536 colors, faster screen refresh rates in all modes (including non-interlace, flicker-free output for ), and improved accelerator performance and versatility.
IBM licensed the XGA technology and architecture to certain third party hardware developers, and its characteristic modes (although not necessarily the accelerator functions, nor the MCA data-bus interface) were aped by many others. These accelerators typically did not suffer from the same limitations on available resolutions and refresh rate, and featured other now-standard modes like 800x600 (and ) at various color depths (up to 24 bpp Truecolor) and interlaced, non-interlaced and flicker-free refresh rates even before the release of the XGA-2.
All standard XGA modes have a
with square pixels, although this does not hold for certain standard VGA and third-party extended modes (640x400, ).
XGA should not be confused with EVGA (), a contemporaneous
standard that also has
pixels. It should also not be confused with the Expanded Graphics Adapter, a peripheral for the
which can also be referred to as XGA.
Wide Extended Graphics Array (Wide XGA or WXGA) is a set of
resolutions derived from the
by widening it to a
. WXGA is commonly used for low-end
for widescreen presentation. The exact resolution offered by a device described as "WXGA" can be somewhat variable owing to a proliferation of several closely related standards optimised for different uses and derived from different bases.
When referring to televisions and other monitors intended for consumer entertainment use, WXGA is generally understood to refer to a resolution of , with an aspect ratio of very nearly 16:9. The basis for this otherwise odd seeming resolution is similar to that of other "wide" standards – the line scan (refresh) rate of the well-established "XGA" standard ( pixels, 4:3 aspect) extended to give square pixels on the increasingly popular 16:9 widescreen display ratio without having to effect major signalling changes other than a faster pixel clock, or manufacturing changes other than extending panel width by one third. As 768 does not divide exactly into 9, the aspect ratio is not quite 16:9 – this would require a horizontal width of 1365.33 pixels. However, at only 0.05%, the resulting error is insignificant.
In x768 was the most popular resolution for
(versus XGA for
TVs ); by 2013, even this was relegated to only being used in smaller or cheaper displays (e.g. "bedroom" LCD TVs, or low-cost, large-format plasmas), cheaper laptop and mobile tablet computers, and midrange home cinema projectors, having otherwise been overtaken by higher "full HD" resolutions such as .
A common variant on this resolution is , which confers several technical benefits, most significantly a reduction in memory requirements from just over to just under 1 MB per 8-bit channel ( needs 0;KB
needs ;KB; 1 MB is equal to ;KB), which simplifies architecture and can significantly reduce the amount – and speed – of VRAM required with only a very minor change in available resolution, as memory chips are usually only available in fixed megabyte capacities. For example, at 32-bit color, a
framebuffer would require only 4 MB, whilst a
one may need 5, 6 or even 8 MB depending on the exact display circuitry architecture and available chip capacities. The 6-pixel reduction also means each line's width is divisible by 8 pixels, simplifying numerous routines used in both computer and broadcast/theatrical video processing, which operate on 8-pixel blocks. Historically, many video cards also mandated screen widths divisible by 8 for their lower-color, planar modes to accelerate memory accesses and simplify pixel position calculations (e.g. fetching 4-bit pixels from 32-bit memory is much faster when performed 8 pixels at a time, and calculating exactly where a particular pixel is within a memory block is much easier when lines do not end partway through a memory word), and this convention still persisted in low-end hardware even into the early days of widescreen, LCD HDTVs; thus, most 1366-width displays also quietly support display of 1360-width material, with a thin border of unused pixel columns at each side. This narrower mode is of course even further removed from the 16:9 ideal, but the error is still less than 0.5% (technically, the mode is either 15.94:9.00 or 16.00:9.04) and should be imperceptible.
When referring to laptop displays or independent displays and projectors intended primarily for use with computers, WXGA is also used to describe a resolution of
pixels, with an aspect ratio of . This was once particularly popular for laptop screens, usually with a diagonal screen size of between 12 and 15 inches, as it provided a useful compromise between 4:3 XGA and 16:9 WXGA, with improved resolution in both dimensions vs. the old standard (especially useful in portrait mode, or for displaying two standard pages of text side-by-side), a perceptibly "wider" appearance and the ability to display 720p HD video "native" with only very thin letterbox borders (usable for on-screen playback controls) and no stretching. Additionally, like , it required only ;KB (just under 1 MB) of memory per 8- thus, a typical double-buffered 32-bit colour screen could fit within 8 MB, limiting everyday demands on the complexity (and cost, energy use) of integrated graphics chipsets and their shared use of typically sparse system memory (generally allocated to the video system in relatively large blocks), at least when only the internal display was in use (external monitors generally being supported in "extended desktop" mode to at least
resolution). 16:10 (or 8:5) is itself a rather "classic" computer aspect ratio, harking back all the way to early 320x200 modes (and their derivatives) as seen in the Commodore 64, IBM CGA card and others. However, as of mid 2013, this standard is becoming increasingly rare, crowded out by the more standardised and thus more economical-to-produce
panels, as its previously beneficial features become less important with improvements to hardware, gradual loss of general backwards software compatibility, and changes in interface layout. As of August 2013, the market availability of panels with
native resolution had been generally relegated to data projectors or niche products such as convertible tablet PCs and LCD-based eBook readers.[]
Additionally, two other resolutions are sometimes labelled as WXGA:
First, the -standard
(otherwise commonly described as ""), which offers an exact 16:9 aspec naturally, it displays standard 720p HD video material without stretching or letterboxing and p with a simple 2:3 downscale. This resolution has found some use in tablets and modern, high-pixel-density mobile phones, as well as small-format "netbook" or "ultralight" (not "Ultrabook") laptop computers. However, its use is uncommon in larger, mainstream devices as it has insufficient vertical resolution for the proper use of modern operating systems such as Windows 7 whose UI design assumes a minimum of 768 lines. For certain uses such as word processing, it can even be considered a slight downgrade (reducing number of simultaneously visible lines of text without granting any significant benefit as even 640 pixels is sufficient horizontal resolution to legibly render a full page width, especially with the addition of subpixel anti-aliasing).
The second variant, , can be seen as a compromise resolution that addressed this problem, as well as a halfway house between the older
resolutions, and a stepping stone to
(being one-quarter wider than 1024, not one-third) and , that never quite caught on in the same way as either of its arguably derivative successors. Its square-pixel aspect ratio is 15:9, in contrast to HDTV's 16:9 and 's 16:10. It is also the lowest resolution that might be found in an "Ultrabook" standard laptop, as it satisfies the minimum horizontal and vertical pixel resolutions required to officially qualify for the designation.
Another mentionable resolutions are
with 3:2 aspect ratio, and
with 7:4 aspect ratio (similar to 16:9).
Recent widespread availability of
pixel resolution LCDs for laptop monitors can be considered an -driven evolution from the formerly popular
screen size, which has itself since seen UI design feedback in response to what could be considered disadvantages of the widescreen format when used with programs designed for "traditional" screens. In
specifically, the larger
of Windows Vista and 7 occupies an additional 16 pixel lines by default, which may compromise the usability of programs that already demanded a full
(instead of, e.g. 800x600) unless it is specifically se an "oddball" 784-line resolution would compensate for this, but
has a simpler aspect and also gives the slight bonus of 16 more usable lines. Also, the
and 7 can use the additional 256 or 336 horizontal pixels to display informational "widgets" without compromising the display width of other programs, and Windows 8 is specifically designed around a "two pane" concept where the full 16:9 or 16:10 screen is not required. Typically, this consists of a 4:3 main program area (typically 00x800 or ) plus a narrow sidebar running a second program, showing a toolbox for the main program or a pop-out OS shortcut panel taking up the remainder.
resolution displays have also been found labeled as WXGA; however, the correct label is actually .
XGA+ stands for Extended Graphics Array Plus and is a , usually understood to refer to the
resolution with an aspect ratio of 4:3. Until the advent of widescreen , XGA+ was often used on 17-inch desktop
monitors. It is the highest 4:3 resolution not greater than 220 pixels (~1.05 ), with its horizontal dimension a multiple of 32 pixels. This enables it to fit closely into a video memory or framebuffer of 1  (1 × 220 ), assuming the use of one byte per pixel. The common multiple of 32 pixels constraint is related to .
Historically, the resolution also relates to the earlier standard of
pixels, which was adopted by
in the early 1980s. A decade later,
selected the resolution of
for their 21-inch CRT monitors, intended for use as two-page displays on the
computer. These resolutions are even closer to the limit of a 1 MB framebuffer, but their aspect ratios differ slightly from the common 4:3.
XGA+ is the next step after
(), although it is not approved by any standard organizations. The next step with an aspect ratio of 4:3 is
WXGA+ and WSXGA are non-standard terms referring to computer display resolutions. Usually they refer to a resolution of ,[] but occasionally manufacturers use other terms to refer to this resolution. The Standard Panels Working Group refers to the
resolution as WXGA(II).
WSXGA and WXGA+ can be considered enhanced versions of
with more pixels, or as widescreen variants of . The aspect ratios of each are
WXGA+ () resolution is common in 19 in widescreen desktop monitors (a very small number of such monitors use ), and is also optional, although less common, in
LCDs, in sizes ranging from 12.1 in to 17 in. It is also used in the 13 inch . With a 13.3 in screen this is 128 ppi.
The other one is , which is 15:10 ().
SXGA is an abbreviation for Super Extended Graphics Array referring to a standard
resolution of
pixels. This
is the "next step" above the
resolution that
developed in 1990.
resolution is not the standard 4:3 , but 5:4 (1.25:1 instead of 1.333:1). A standard 4:3 monitor using this resolution will have rectangular rather than square pixels, meaning that unless the software compensates for this the picture will be distorted, causing circles to appear elliptical.
There is a less common
resolution that preserves the common 4:3 aspect ratio. It is sometimes unofficially called SXGA- to avoid confusion with the "standard" SXGA. Elsewhere this 4:3 resolution was also called UVGA (Ultra VGA): Since both sides are doubled from VGA the term Quad VGA would be a systematic one, but it is hardly ever used, because its initialism
is strongly associated with the alternate meaning Quarter VGA (320x240).
SXGA is the most common native resolution of 17 in and 19 in
monitors. An LCD monitor with SXGA native resolution will typically have a physical 5:4 aspect ratio, preserving a 1:1 .
manufactured a 17 in
monitor with a 5:4 aspect ratio designed for this resolution. It was sold under the Apple brand name.[]
SXGA is also a popular resolution for cell phone cameras, such as the Motorola Razr and most Samsung and LG phones. Although being taken over by newer UXGA (2.0-megapixel) cameras, the 1.3-megapixel was the most common around 2007.[]
Any CRT that can run
can also run , which has the standard 4:3 ratio. A flat panel
screen, including one designed for , will show stretching distortion when set to display any resolution other than its native one, as the image needs to be interpolated to fit in the fixed grid display. Some TFT displays do not allow a user to disable this, and will prevent the upper and lower portions of the screen from being used forcing a "" format when set to a 4:3 ratio.[]
resolution became popular because at
it fit well into 4
of .[] At the time, memory was extremely expensive. Using
allowed using 3.75  of video RAM, fitting nicely with
chip sizes which were available at the time (4 MB).
() px × 8 bit/px ÷ 8 bit/byte ÷ 220 byte/MB = 1.25 MB
() px × 24 bit/px ÷ 8 bit/byte ÷ 220 byte/MB = 3.75 MB
SXGA+ stands for Super Extended Graphics Array Plus and is a . An SXGA+ display is commonly used on 14-inch or 15-inch
screens with a
pixels. An SXGA+ display is used on a few 12-inch laptop screens such as the
X60 and X61 (both only as tablet) as well as the
Portégé M200 and M400, but those are far less common. At 14.1 inches,
offered SXGA+ on many of the Dell Latitude "C" series laptops, such as the C640 and the C810, and Lenovo on the
T61 and T61p.
also used SXGA+ in their Z1 series, but no longer produce them as
has become more predominant.
There is a widescreen version of SXGA+ called
with a resolution of . This is a common native resolution of 19–22-inch wide-aspect LCD monitors, and is also available on many laptops.
It is the next common step in resolution after , although it is not approved by any organization. The most common resolution immediately above is called
(sometimes also known as UGA), which has
In desktop LCDs, SXGA+ is used on some low-end 20-inch monitors, whereas most of the 20-inch LCDs use UXGA (standard screen ratio), or WSXGA+ (widescreen ratio).
WSXGA+ stands for Widescreen Super Extended Graphics Array Plus and is a . A WSXGA+ display is commonly used on Widescreen 20 in, 21 in, and popular 22 in LCD monitors from numerous manufacturers (and a very small number of 19 in widescreen monitors), as well as widescreen 15.4 in and 17 in
screens like the
T61 and the Apple 15 in . The
pixels (1,764,000 pixels) and has a
WSXGA+ is the widescreen version of , but it is not approved by any organization. The next highest resolution (for widescreen) after it is , which is
UXGA or UGA is an abbreviation for Ultra Extended Graphics Array referring to a standard
pixels (totaling 1,920,000 pixels), which is exactly four times the default
(800x600) (totaling 480,000 pixels).
Inc. refers to the same resolution of 1,920,000 pixels as UGA. It is generally considered to be the next step above
( or ), but some resolutions (such as the unnamed
at ) fit between the two.
UXGA has been the native resolution of many fullscreen monitors of 15 in or more, including laptop LCDs such as the ones in
A21p, A30p, A31p, T42p, T43p and T60p; Dell Inspiron 00; Panasonic Toughbook CF-51; and the original Alienware Area 51m. However, in more recent times, UXGA is not used in laptops at all but rather in desktop UXGA monitors that have been made in sizes of 20 in and 21.3 in. Some 14 in laptop LCDs with UXGA have also existed, but these were very rare.
There are two different
cousins of UXGA, one called UWXGA with 0) and one called
resolution.
WUXGA stands for
Ultra Extended Graphics Array and is a
pixels (2,304,000 pixels) with a 16:10 screen . It is a wide version of , and can be used for viewing
(HDTV) content, which uses a 16:9 aspect ratio and a 0p) or
(1080i or 1080p) resolution.
The 16:10 aspect ratio (as opposed to the 16:9 used in widescreen televisions) was chosen because this aspect ratio is appropriate for displaying two full pages of text side by side.
WUXGA resolution is 2.304 megapixels. An uncompressed 8-bit RGB WUXGA image has a size of ~6.6  (6750 × 210 bytes). As of 2014, this resolution is available in a few high-end
(e.g. Dell Ultrasharp U2413, Lenovo L220x, Samsung T220P, ViewSonic SD-Z225), although in the past it was used in a wider variety of displays, including 17 in laptops. WUXGA use predates the introduction of LCDs of that resolution. Most
displays support
and widescreen
such as the Sony GDM-FW900 and Hewlett Packard A7217A do as well.
The next lower resolution (for widescreen) before it is , which is
pixels (1,764,000 pixels, or 30.61% fewer than the WUXGA); the next higher resolution widescreen is an unnamed
resolution (supported by the above GDM-FW900 and A7217A) and then the more common , which has
pixels (4,096,000 pixels, or 77.78% more than WUXGA).
There are two wider formats called UWXGA :12) and UW-UXGA that has
pixels, a 2.37:1 or 21 1/3 :9 or 64:27 aspect ratio, sometimes erroneously labeled 21:9.
Percentage of difference in pixels
video with slight letterbox
Complements portrait
The QXGA, or Quad Extended Graphics Array, display standard is a resolution standard in display technology. Some examples of
monitors that have pixel counts at these levels are the Dell 3008WFP, the , the Apple
(27 in 2009–present), the , and the
(3rd generation). Many standard 21–22 in CRT monitors and some of the highest-end 19 in CRTs also support this resolution.
Not to be confused with WQXGA.
QWXGA (Quad Wide Extended Graphics Array) is a
pixels with a
. A few LCD QWXGA monitors were available in 2009 with 23- and 27-inch displays, such as the
B233HU (23-inch) and B273HU (27-inch), the
SP2309W, and the
2343BWX. As of 2011, most
monitors have been discontinued, and as of 2013 no major manufacturer produces monitors with this resolution.
QXGA (Quad Extended Graphics Array) is a
pixels with a
. The name comes from it having four times as many pixels as an
display. Examples of LCDs with this resolution are the
T210 and the
G33 and R31 screens, but in CRT monitors this resolution some examples include the
FP2141SB or
Vision Master Pro 514, and
P1230. Of these monitors, none are still in production. A related display size is , which is a
version. CRTs offer a way to achieve QXGA cheaply. Models like the Mitsubishi Diamond Pro 2045U and IBM ThinkVision C220P retailed for around 200 USD, and even higher performance ones like the ViewSonic PerfectFlat P220fB remained under 500 USD. At one time, many off-lease P1230s could be found on eBay for under 150 USD. The LCDs with WQXGA or QXGA resolution typically cost 4 to 5 times more for the same resolution.
manufactured a 15 in QXGA
panel. NEC sold laptops with QXGA screens in 2002–05 for the Japanese market. The
(starting from 3rd generation) also has a QXGA display.
Not to be confused with QWXGA.
WQXGA (Wide Quad Extended Graphics Array) is a
pixels with a
. The name comes from it being a wide version of QXGA and having four times as many pixels as an
() display.
To obtain a vertical refresh rate higher than 40 Hz, this resolution requires more bandwidth than a single link DVI supports and requires
capable cables and devices. To avoid cable problems monitors are sometimes shipped with an appropriate dual link cable already plugged in. Many
support this resolution. One feature that is currently unique to the 30 in WQXGA monitors is the ability to function as the centerpiece and main display of a three-monitor array of complementary aspect ratios, with two
() 20 in monitors turned vertically on either side. The resolutions are equal, and the size of the 1600 resolution edges (if the manufacturer is honest) is within a tenth of an inch (16 in vs. 15.89999"), presenting a "picture window view" without the extreme lateral dimensions, small central panel, asymmetry, resolution differences, or dimensional difference of other three-monitor combinations. The resulting
composite image has a 3.1:1 aspect ratio. This also means one UXGA 20 in monitor in portrait orientation can also be flanked by two 30 in WQXGA monitors for a
composite image with an 11.85:3 (79:20, 3.95:1) aspect ratio. Some WQXGA medical displays (such as the Barco Coronis 4MP) can also be configured as two virtual
seamless displays by using both DVI ports at the same time.
An early consumer WQXGA monitor was the 30 in Apple Cinema Display, unveiled by Apple in June 2004. At the time, Dual-link DVI was uncommon on consumer hardware, so Apple partnered with Nvidia to develop a special graphics card that had two Dual-link DVI ports, allowing simultaneous use of two 30 in Apple Cinema Displays. The nature of this graphics card, being an add-in AGP card, meant that the monitors could only be used in a desktop computer, like the Power Mac G5, that could have the add-in card installed, and could not be immediately used with laptop computers that lacked this expansion capability.
In 2010, WQXGA made its debut in a handful of home theater projectors targeted at the Constant Height Screen application market. Both Digital Projection Inc and projectiondesign released models based on a
DLP chip with a native WQXGA resolution, alleviating the need for an anamorphic lens to achieve 1:2.35 image projection. Many manufacturers have 27–30 in models that are capable of WQXGA, albeit at a much higher price than lower resolution monitors of the same size. Several mainstream WQXGA monitors are available with 30-inch displays, such as the , Dell UltraSharp 3008WFP, U3011 and 3014, the
LP3065, the
W3000H, and the
305T. Specialist manufacturers like , ,
(LC-3001), and possibly others offer similar models.
Released in November 2012, Google's
is the first consumer
to feature WQXGA resolution. Before its release, the highest resolution available on a tablet was QXGA (), available on the Apple
3rd and 4th generations devices. Several Samsung Galaxy tablets, including the Note 10.1 (2014 Edition), Tab S 8.4, 10.5 and TabPRO 8.4, 10.1 and 12.2, as well as the Gigaset QV1030, also feature a WQXGA resolution display.
In 2012 Apple released the 13 inch MacBook Pro with Retina Display that features a WQXGA display.
QSXGA (Quad Super Extended Graphics Array) is a display resolution of
pixels with a 5:4 . Grayscale monitors with a
resolution, primarily for medical use, are available from
(Dome E5),
(Radiforce G51),
(Nio 5, MP),
(IF2105MP),
(IAQS80F), and possibly others.
Recent medical displays such as Barco Coronis Fusion 10MP or NDS Dome S10 have native panel resolution of . These are driven by two dual-link DVI or
outputs. They can be considered to be two seamless virtual QSXGA displays as they have to be driven simultaneously by both dual link DVI or DisplayPort since one dual link DVI or DisplayPort cannot single-handedly display 10 megapixels. A similar resolution of
(4:3) was supported by a small number of CRT displays via VGA such as the Viewsonic P225f when paired with the right graphics card.
WQSXGA (Wide Quad Super Extended Graphics Array) describes a display standard that can support a resolution up to
pixels, assuming a 1.56:1 (25:16) aspect ratio. The Coronis Fusion 6MP DL by
(approximately 16:10).
QUXGA (Quad Ultra Extended Graphics Array) describes a display standard that can support a resolution up to
pixels, assuming a 4:3 aspect ratio.
WQUXGA (Wide Quad Ultra Extended Graphics Array) describes a display standard that supports a resolution of
pixels, which provides a 16:10 aspect ratio. This resolution is exactly four times
(in pixels).
WQUXGA is the maximum resolution supported by
1.2, though actually displaying such a resolution on a device with DisplayPort 1.2 is dependent on the graphics system in much the same way devices with VGA connectors do not necessarily maximize that standard's highest possible resolution. Most
with a DVI connector are capable of supporting the
resolution. However, the maximum refresh rate will be limited by the number of DVI links which are connected to the monitor. 1, 2, or 4 DVI connectors are used to drive the monitor using various tile configurations. Only the IBM T221-DG5 and IDTech MD22292B5 support the use of dual-link DVI ports through an external converter box. Many systems using these monitors use at least two DVI connectors to send video to the monitor. These DVI connectors can be from the same graphics card, different graphics cards, or even different computers. Motion across the tile boundary(ies) can show
if the DVI links are not synchronized. The display panel can be updated at a speed between 0 Hz and 41 Hz (48 Hz for the IBM T221-DG5, -DGP, and IDTech MD22292B5). The refresh rate of the video signal can be higher than 41 Hz (or 48 Hz) but the monitor will not update the display any faster even if graphics card(s) do so.
In June 2001, WQUXGA was introduced in the
using a LCD panel built by . LCD displays that support WQUXGA resolution include: , ,
AQU5611DTBK,
, ADTX MD22292B, and
MD22292 (models B0, B1, B2, B5, C0, C2). IDTech was the original equipment manufacturer which sold these monitors to ADTX, , , and . However, none of the WQUXGA monitors (IBM, ViewSonic, Iiyama, ADTX) are in production anymore: they had prices that were well above even the higher end displays used by graphic professionals, and the lower refresh rates, 41 Hz and 48 Hz, made them less attractive for many applications.
The HXGA display standard and its derivatives are a standard in display technology. As of 2012, there is no
that displays at these levels[] but several
can record such images.
HXGA an abbreviation for Hex[adecatuple] Extended Graphics Array is a display standard that can support a resolution of
pixels (or 3200 pixels) with a 4:3 aspect ratio. The name comes from it having sixteen () times as many pixels as an
WHXGA an abbreviation for Wide Hex[adecatuple] Extended Graphics Array is a display standard that can support a resolution of roughly
pixels with a 16:10 aspect ratio. The name comes from it being a wide version of HXGA, which has sixteen (hexadecatuple) times as many pixels as an
HSXGA, an abbreviation for Hex[adecatuple] Super Extended Graphics Array, is a display standard that can support a resolution of roughly
pixels with a 5:4 aspect ratio. The name comes from it having sixteen (hexadecatuple) times as many pixels as an
WHSXGA, an abbreviation for Wide Hex[adecatuple] Super Extended Graphics Array, is a display standard that can support a resolution up to
pixels, assuming a 1.56:1 (25:16) aspect ratio. The name comes from it having sixteen (hexadecatuple) times as many pixels as an
HUXGA, an abbreviation for Hex[adecatuple] Ultra Extended Graphics Array, is a display standard that can support a resolution of roughly
pixels with a 4:3 aspect ratio. The name comes from it having sixteen (hexadecatuple) times as many pixels as an
WHUXGA an abbreviation for Wide Hex[adecatuple] Ultra Extended Graphics Array, is a display standard that can support a resolution up to
pixels, assuming a 16:10 (8:5) aspect ratio. The name comes from it having sixteen (hexadecatuple) times as many pixels as a
nHD is a display resolution of 640x360 pixels, which is exactly one ninth of a
(1080p) frame and one quarter of a
(720p) frame. Pixel doubling (vertically and horizontally) nHD frames will form one 720p frame and pixel tripling nHD frames will form one 1080p frame.
One drawback of this resolution is that the vertical resolution is not an even multiple of 16, which is a common
size for . Video frames encoded with 16x16 pixel macroblocks would be padded to 640x368 and the added pixels would be cropped away at playback. H.264 codecs have this padding and cropping ability built-in as standard. The same is true for qHD and 1080p but the relative amount of padding is more for lower resolutions such as nHD.
To avoid storing the eight lines of padded pixels, some people prefer to encode video at 624x352, which only has one stored padded line. When such video streams are either encoded from HD frames or played back on HD displays in full screen mode (either 720p or 1080p) they are scaled by non-integer scale factors. True nHD frames on the other hand has integer scale factors, for example Nokia 808 PureView with nHD display.
qHD is a display resolution of 960x540 pixels, which is exactly one quarter of a
(1080p) frame, in a 16:9 .
Similar to DVGA, this resolution became popular for high-end smartphone displays in early 2011. Mobile phones including the , , , , ,
have displays with the qHD resolution, as does the
portable game system.
The HD resolution of
pixels stems from
(HDTV), where it originally used 60 frames per second. With its 16:9 aspect ratio it is exactly 2 times the width and 1 1/2 times the height of 4:3 , which shares its aspect ratio and 480 line count with . HD therefore has exactly 3 times as many pixels as VGA.
This resolution is sometimes referred to as 720p, although the p (which stands for
and is important for transmission formats) is irrelevant for labeling digital display resolutions.
Back at the time,[] when the HD technology and standard debut the market, this type of resolution was very very often and commonly referred to (both by the public and by the marketers) by its friendlier branded and certified name .[]
Few screens have been built that actually use this resolution natively, most employ 16:9 panels with 768 lines instead (), which resulted in odd numbers of pixels per line, i.e. 1365 1/3 are rounded to , 1366 or even 1376, the next multiple of 16.
The FHD or Full HD resolution of
pixels in a 16:9 aspect ratio was developed as an HDTV transmission and storage format. Using , the bandwidth requirements are very similar to those of
– their pixel counts are roughly in a 2:1 ratio, 9:4 exactly. FHD is 3 times the width and 2 1/4 times the height of 4:3 .
Due to its origins, this resolution is sometimes referred to as 1080i wherein the i stands for "interlaced". Since there are also progressive signals with the same frame rate (but half the effective field rate) those signals are more commonly called 1080p.
Since most video codecs use 16x16 or 32x32 pixel macro blocks there is often an excess 8 lines encoded, because 16×68 = 32×34 = 1088.
WQHD (Wide Quad HD), also advertised as QHD, or 1440p, is a display resolution of
pixels in a 16:9 . It has four times as many pixels as the
HDTV video standard, hence the name.
This resolution was under consideration by the ATSC in the late 1980s to become the standard HDTV format, because it is exactly 4 times the width and 3 times the height of VGA, which has the same number of lines as NTSC signals at the
4:3 aspect ratio. Pragmatic technical constraints made them choose the now well-known 16:9 formats with twice (HD) and thrice (FHD) the VGA width instead.
In autumn 2006,
(CMO) announced a 47 inch 1440p LCD panel to be released in Q2 2007; the panel was planned to finally debut at FPD International 2008 in a form of
. As of the end of 2013, monitors that have a WQHD display are becoming more common. A
is available.
The resolution is also used in portable devices. In autumn 2012 Samsung announced the Series 9 WQHD laptop with a 13 inch
display. In August 2013 LG announced a 5.5 inch WQHD smartphone display, which is used in the . In October 2013 Vivo announced a smartphone with a
display. Other phone manufacturers followed in 2014, such as Samsung with a 5.7 inch Super AMOLED WQHD smartphone display named the
announced the
smartphone with a 5.96 inch WQHD display. By 2015, WQHD was a common resolution amongst flagship phones such as the Samsung
and the LG , featuring a 5.5 in WQHD display.
WQXGA+ (Wide Quad Extended Graphics Array Plus), also referred to as QHD and QHD+, is a resolution of
in a 16:9 aspect ratio. It has four times as many pixels as the
HD+ resolution.
The first products announced to use this resolution are the 2013
14 TouchSmart Ultrabook and the 13.3 in .
Main article:
UHD (Ultra HD) is a display resolution of
pixels (four times as many pixels as FHD) in the same 16:9 . This resolution is part of the UHDTV standard and is advocated by .
In early 2008, Samsung revealed a
82-inch LCD TV set capable of this resolution and LG has demonstrated an 84-inch display. In November 2010, CMI launched a 27.84 in 158
4K IPS panel for medical purposes. Optik View has two versions of 56 in UHD monitors. DC801 has two Dual Link DVI DC802 has four different versions: four single link DVI, four HDMI, four DisplayPort and/or four 3G-SDI inputs. All versions can deliver a resolution of . Eyevis produces a 56 in LCD named EYELCD 56 QHD HD while
makes the P56QHD and in October 2011 released the REGZA 55x3, which is claimed to be the First 4K glasses-free 3D TV,
the 56P-QF60LCU, and
the SRM-L560, all which can deliver a resolution of . Landmark has also produced a 56 in 4K monitor, the M5600. Both
support 4K, at up to 30 Hz using a single cable. DisplayPort 1.2 can also achieve 60 Hz at this resolution with a single cable, however early monitors achieve this with a tiled approach where the graphics adapter multiplexes two signals via Multi-Stream Transport (MST). The two signals (tiles) are reconstructed as a single image on the monitor. Newer monitors such as the
PB287Q do not rely on tiling or MST to achieve 60 Hz.
has no such option but
can also achieve 60 Hz.
Standard established by the
consortium consisting of 4096 pixels × 2160 lines (8.8 megapixels, aspect ratio ≈17:9) for 4K film projection. This is the native resolution for DCI-compliant 4K digital projectors and monitors.
UHD+ is a display resolution of
with a 16:9 . The line count of 2880 is also the
of 480 and 576, the scanline count of NTSC and PAL, respectively. Such a resolution can vertically scale SD content to fit by , 6 for NTSC and 5 for PAL. Horizontal scaling of SD is always fractional (non-anamorphotic: 5.33...5.47, anamorphotic: 7.11...7.29). The first display with this resolution is the Dell UltraSharp 27, announced on September 5, 2014. On October 16, 2014, Apple announced the
with . Thunderbolt 3 and DisplayPort 1.3 came with support for this resolution.
Main article:
FUHD (Full Ultra HD) is a display resolution of
pixels (four times as many pixels as Ultra HD, or sixteen times as many pixels as Full HD) in the same 16:9 . This resolution is part of the UHDTV standard and is advocated by
and the . , announced by VESA in February 2015, supports this resolution.
QUHD (Quad Ultra HD) is a display resolution of 15,360x8640 pixels (four times as many pixels as FUHD (8K, see above), or sixteen times as many as UHD) in the same 16:9 .
and , video modes in VGA (including VGA-compatible and successors to VGA, such as ) hardware with a resolution profile similar to QVGA
Kwon, Jang Y Jung, Ji S Park, Kyung B Kim, Jong M Lim, H Lee, Sang Y Kim, Jong M Noguchi, T et al. (2006). "2.2 inch qqVGA AMOLED Drove by Ultra Low Temperature Poly Silicon (ULTPS) TFT Direct Fabricated Below 200°C". SID 2006 Digest 37 (2): 1358–61. :.
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Shin, Min-S Choi, Jung-W Kim, Yong-J Kim, Kyong-R Lee, I Kwon, Oh-Kyong (2007). "Accurate Power Estimation of LCD Panels for Notebook Design of Low-Cost 2.2-inch qVGA LTPS TFT-LCD Panel". SID 2007 Digest 38 (1): 260–263.
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