For&the&Memory&of&Forgetting
grudgen. 不满，怨恨，妒忌，积怨
vt.勉强给(或允许)，不情愿做，吝惜
vi.认为…不应得到
1.He has been harbouring a grudge against me.
& 他一直对我心怀嫉妒。
2.I grudge paying so much for such inferior goods.
& 我不愿花这么多钱买次品。
harbourn. 海港，港口
vt.庇护，藏匿；怀有
1.It's an offence to harbour the criminals.
& 窝藏罪犯是犯罪行为。
2.harbour a grudge against sb.
& 对某人心怀嫉妒
3.Don't harbour unkind thoughts.
& 不要心怀不轨。
People tend to associate wisdom with old age.
n.蔑视，轻视，鄙视 (synonym) disdain, scorn, despise
They have a great contempt for conventionality.
他们对常规极度蔑视。
n. 鄙视，轻蔑
vt.鄙视，不屑于做，不愿意做
1.He was treated with disdain.
& 他受到鄙视。
2.Some people disdain labour.
& 有些人轻视劳动。
3.A great man should disdain flatterers.
& 伟大的人物应鄙视献媚者。
4.I would certainly disdain to live in such tiny flats.
& 我当然不愿意住在这样小的单元房里。
n. 鄙视；受某人鄙视的人或事物
vt.轻视，蔑视，不屑做
1.Franklin shared the family's scorn for his wife's new
& 富兰克林和他的家人一样蔑视他妻子的新朋友。
2.She scorned the view that inflation was already beaten.
& 她嘲笑那种认为通货膨胀已被消除的观点。
vt.鄙视，看不起某人(某事)
Honest boys despise lies and liars.
诚实的孩子鄙视谎言和说谎者。
vt.& vi.讨价还价，商谈；提出条件，要求得到
n. 协议，交易；特价商品，便宜货
1.We bargained with the farmer for a supply of milk.
& 我们就牛奶的供应和农场主讨价还价。
2.We bargained a new wage increase.
& 我们达成了增加工资的新协议。
3.The shoes were a bargain, I got them for half price.
& 这鞋真便宜，我半价买的。
vt.& vi.(使)登陆〔上岸〕
1.The viscount disembarked its passagers at the airport.
& 子爵号飞机在机场下客。
2.John disembarked from the train along with the other
passengers.
& 约翰随着其他旅客一起下火车。
vt.攻击，猛击，痛打；质问，责骂；纠缠，困扰，使苦恼；毅然应对，着手解决
1.The police were assailed with rocks.
& 警察遭到石块的猛烈攻击。
2.As soon as the young man returned home,his parents assailed him
with questions about the interview.
& 那年轻人刚回到家,他的父母便向他问这问那的,打听他求职面试的事。
3.A lot of noise assails my ears.
& 噪音骚扰着我的耳朵。
4.His mind was assailed by doubts.
& 他的头脑为种种疑惑所困扰。
5.assail a task
& 着手完成任务
vt.纠缠，一再要求，使烦恼
1.The little girl pestered the travellers for money.
& 那个小女孩缠着游客要钱。
2.I have been pestered with mosquitos the whole summer.
& 整个夏天我都受着蚊子的纠缠。
过去式、过去分词都是thrust
vt.& vi.猛推，硬塞给，强行挤进；刺，戳
n.（论据、政策等的）要点，要旨，重点；猛推，刺，戳，插；（发动机推动飞机、火箭等的）推力，驱动力
1.My uncle thrust 200 into my hands.
& 叔叔硬把200美元塞到我手里。
2.I had to thrust myself into the bus.
& 我不得不挤进公车里。
3.The tree thrusts its branches high.
& 这棵树的枝条伸得高高的。
comic strips
漫画书，连环画
outrageous
adj.出人意料的，令人不悦的
1.Their outrageous remarks offended me.
& 他们令人不悦的评论激怒了我。
2.an outrageous price
& 令人气愤的价格
convention
n. 习俗，风俗
social convention
social norms
social customs
follow / conform to social conventions
遵循社会习俗
invariably
adv.经常地，总是
Invariably, her advice is excellent and we always do what she
她的建议总是非常棒，所以我们总是照她所说的做。
n.& vt.训斥，惩戒；斥责，谴责
近义词：reproach, scold, blame
与这些词不同的是，reprimand 强调在公开场合的指责
1.His boss gave him a reprimand for being late.
& 他的老板因他迟到而训了他一顿。&
2.She was reprimanded for failing to do her duty.
& 她因失职而遭到了训斥。
reproachvi.&
n.责备，内疚；批评的话语，带来羞辱的人或事，羞耻，丢脸
1.reproach somebody
& 责备某人
2.beyond reproach
= blameless
= irreproachable
= reproachless
& 无可非议，纯洁的，无过错的
3.beyond doubt or reproach
& 无可怀疑或无可指责
4.a term of reproach
& 责难的话
5.His tone held reproach.
& 他话中带有责备的口气。
6.a note of reproach
& 责备的口吻
7.Not a single reproach.
& 连一句指责的话都不说。
vt.暗中策划
1.The workers staged a strike.
& 工人们策划了一次罢工。
2.The action seems staged.
& 这次行动好像是预先策划好的。
vt.详尽说明，详细制定，详尽阐述，详细描述，用心作成，精心制作，苦心经营；【生理学】加工；从简单成分合成(复杂有机物)；使(体内食物或简单成分)转变成(能吸收、能排泄的)复杂有机物
adj.复杂的，精心制作的，精致的，详尽的，详尽阐述的；煞费苦心的，费力的，刻苦的，艰苦的，辛勤的
1.You unde I needn't elaborate any
& 你对情况是了解的，我不必再进一步详谈了。
2.Please elaborate your points.
& 请就你的观点详加说明。
3.It's an elaborate design.
& 这是一种精心的设计。
4.The problem is too elaborate.
& 问题太复杂。
one penny 一便士
pennies是penny的复数，指多个一便士的硬币
如：300 pounds in pennies
pence也是pennies的复数，但它指的是货币单位，可简写为p
如：He dropped his fifty pence.
他掉了枚五十便士的硬币。
statue of Liberty
（美）自由女神像
n. 法令，法规
college statute
n. 身份，地位；情形，状况
marital status
n. 才干，高境界，高水平；身高，身材
an artist of great stature
一个高水平的艺术家
vt.& vi.坚持，定要，坚持认为，坚持宣称，坚决要求
insist on + n. / n. phrase（名词性词组）
She insisted on her innocence.
她坚持她的清白无辜。&
& insist on sb.'s doing sth. 坚持让某人做某事
= insist that + subj. （后面跟的从句要用虚拟语气）
如：He insisted on the assistant's counting the money before he
& = He insisted that the assistant (should)
count the money before he left.
要求，（下级对上级的）请求，请求得到，索取，邀请（常接不定式或从句）；所请求的事物
request to do sth. = ask to do sth.
只不过，request 比 ask 更为正式。
1.I requested to go to the railway station to meet a friend.
我请求到火车站去接一个朋友。
2.He requested that they should come
& 他请求他们要早来。
3.They requested us to help them.
& 他们请求我们帮助他们。
4.We request the favour of a reply
at your earliest convenience.
& 敬请早日回复。
5.She requested Tom to go with
& 她邀请汤姆一同去。
6.The teachers were deaf to our
& 老师对我们的请求一点都听不进去。
7.You should have your
& 你会得到你所要的东西。
adv.几乎没有，几乎不；刚刚，仅仅
表否定 = almost not
1.I'm so tired that I can hardly walk.
& 我太累, 简直走不动了。
2.Most people in the town hardly knew anything about this side
of his life.
= Most people in the town almost did not know anything about
this side of his life.
3.Though he owned a large car, he hardly ever use it.
= Though he owned a large car, he almost never use it.
4.We had hardly started before [when] it began to rain.
& 我们刚出发, 就开始下雨。
区别：dessert n.甜点，甜食
n. 沙漠，不毛之地
vt.舍弃，遗弃
vi.开小差，逃亡
desert one's post
convoyn. 有护航的船队，车队，护送队
vt.护航，护送&
1.A convoy of heavy trucks rumbled past.
& 一队重型卡车轰隆隆地驶过。
2.Truck convoys often stop over for lunch here.
& 车队经常在这里停下来吃午饭。
3.A couple of tanks convoyed the trucks across the border.
& 几辆坦克护送着卡车穿越边境。
n.（政府的）部，内阁；神职，牧师职位，神职任期
1.railway ministry branch
& 铁路分局
2.Ministry of the interior or interior ministry
& 内务部，内政部
3.Ministry of Internal Affairs
4.The Ministry has resigned.
& 内阁辞职了。
5.the ministry of preaching
& 布道的神职
6.Ministry of Civil Affairs
7.the Ministry of Foreign Affairs
8.organizations affiliated to the ministry
& 部属机构
9.the Ministry of National Defence
catastrophe
n. 大祸，灾难
1.The catastrophe left him bereft of all his possessions.
& 灾难夺去了他所有的财产。
2.It seems that each time we meet, a catastrophe lies in my
& 看起来每次我们相遇，我都会遇上大麻烦。
bereftadj.失去（某种能力或性质），缺少…的，丧失的，被剥夺的
After the fire swallowed his cottage,the old man could not but feel
utterly bereft.
在一场大火吞噬了他的草屋之后，老人唯一的感觉就是他已经一无所有了。
uttervt. 以口发出声音，说，讲
adj.彻底的，完全的，绝对的
1.The wounded man uttered a groan.
& 那个受伤的人发出呻吟。
2.My name was uttered by someone near me.
& 近处有人喊我的名字。
3.She didn't utter a word all night.
& 她整夜一言不发。
4.He was in utter despair.
& 他完全绝望了。
groanvi.呻吟，发牢骚，抱怨，受苦，受折磨
vt.呻吟着表示
n. 呻吟，叹息，呻吟般的声音&
1.The sick woman groaned.
& 那生病的妇女呻吟着。
2.She groaned her approval.
& 她呻吟着说同意。
3.She's always groaning on about how much she has to do.
& 她总抱怨自己干很多活儿。
4.The people groaned under the load of taxes.
& 人们在赋税的重压下受折磨。
5.He gave a groan.
& 他发出一声呻吟。
6.There were loud groans when he started to sing.
& 他刚开始歌唱时有人发出了很大的嘘声。
suburbanadj.城郊的，在郊区的
adi.乡村的，农村的
peripheraln.&
adj.非本质的，非主要的，次要的，外围的，周边的，边缘的
1.The men are somewhat peripheral to this society.
& 相对于这个社会来说，人似乎无足轻重。
2.We lived, not in central Beijing, but in one of those
peripheral suburbs.
& 我们生活在北京的郊区，而不是市中心。
urbanadj.都市的
adj.大都市(的)，大都市市政府(的)；地下铁路，（尤指）巴黎地铁
metropolisn. 一国的主要城市(不一定是首都)，中心
cosmopolisn.〈美〉国际都市(由来自许多不同国家的人居住的大城市)
过去式 & 过去分词：slid
slide over 回避，略过
1.slide over a ticklish question
& 略过一个难以处理的问题
2.The dancers appeared to slide over the floor, their feet
hardly touching it.
& 舞蹈者几乎脚不着地，就像在地板上滑过似的。
adj.引起反感的，可怕的
1.It was a horrid sight to see the lion devour the lamb.
& 看狮子吞吃羔羊的场面真是可怕。
2.Don't be horrid to me!
& 别对我那么凶！
3.The medicine tasted horrid.
& 这药很难吃。
adj.可怕的，令人恐惧的；极不友好的，令人很不愉快的，极讨厌的
1.What a horrible thing to say!
& 说起来这是多么可怕的事情啊！
2.Don't be so horrible to me!
& 别对我如此不友好！
n.恐怖，恐惧，惊恐；憎恶，痛恨；令人感到恐怖的事，讨厌鬼
1.She had a horror of hospitals.
& 她极其憎恶医院。
2.Sometimes his mind would dwell on the horrors he had been
& 有时他会老是想着他所经历过的种种恐怖。
3.The little horror never stops playing tricks on his
& 那个小淘气鬼不停地捉弄他的父母。
forbidding
adj.望而生畏的，望而却步的
The old house had a forbidding appearance and we were afraid to
这座老房子的外观令人望而生畏，我们都不敢进去。
n. 集中，集合，集合的人群
vt.& vi.集合，召集，(自他人处)搜集某事物，激发，激起，鼓起
1.pass muster&
& 能通过检阅，可以接受，还不错
2.I didn't think Charlie's parents would like me, but evidently
I pass muster.
& 我原以为查利的父母不会喜欢我，不过显然我被接受了。
3.The troops mustered on the square.
& 部队已在广场上集合。
4.He mustered all his strength and tried to fire.
& 他鼓起所有的勇气，试图开枪。
such放在句首，起强调作用，后面要用倒装。
1.Such is life.
& 表示无可奈何的，生活就是这样。
2.Such is human nature, that a great many people are often
willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming
white-collar workers.
= Human nature is such that a great many people are often
willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming
white-collar workers. （that引导的是such的同位语从句）
& 许多人愿意放弃较高的薪水以换取做白领的殊荣，此乃人之常情。
很，非常（表示强调）= very much
1.He feels that his rise in status is well worth the loss of
2.well ahead of time
& 尽量提前
shackn. 窝棚，简陋的小屋
1.They live in shacks which they made out of wood.
他们住在用木头搭成的简陋的小屋里。
2.They entered the shack, which is dark and musty.
& 他们走进昏暗发霉的小木屋。
vi.未婚而同居
shack up with sb.
和某人同居
cohabitvi.(未婚者)同居
Ann had been cohabiting with Jim for years before getting
安在结婚前曾和吉姆同居了好几年。
n. 仆人，佣人；雇员，公务人员
Where might is master, justice is servant.
有强权，就没有正义。（might n.力量，威力，势力）
n. 一致，符合；(尤指国与国之间的)谅解, 协议
vt.给予，赠予
vi.符合，一致
of one's own accord
自愿地，出于自愿地
entitlevt.使有资格，使有权；给…题名
1.The police have a warrant that entitles them to search the
& 警察有允许他们搜查房屋的搜查令。
2.He entitled us to enter his office at any time.
& 他授权给我们可以随时进入他的办公室。
3.They are entitled to enjoy many advantages and privileges.
& 他们有资格享有许多优惠和特权。
4.He entitled the book The Secret Garden.
& 他把这本书定名为《秘密花园》。
conspirevi.密谋，搞阴谋；(事件等)巧合，共同导致
1.The criminals conspired to rob a bank.
& 罪犯们密谋抢劫银行。
2.Events conspired to produce great difficulties for us.
& 各种事件凑在一起给我们带来了很大困难。
3.The unfortunate events of the day conspired to make Tom tired and
miserable.
& 这一天里碰巧凑在一块儿的倒霉事让Tom又疲惫又痛苦。
miserableadj.悲惨的，不幸的，可怜的；令人痛苦的，令人不快的；低劣的，贫乏的；卑鄙的，可耻的，可恶的
1.Her past life was miserable.
& 她过去的生活很苦。
2.They started their holiday on a miserable day.
& 他们假期开始时天气很不好。
3.He was born in a miserable family.
& 他出身于一个贫困的家庭。
4.What a miserable old devil he was!
& 他是多么可恶的吝啬鬼呀！
5.It was miserable of you to make fun of him.
& 你取笑他，这是可耻的。
resemblance
The young man in the picture bears a striking resemblace to his
照片中的年轻人长得和他父亲惊人的相似。
scornn. 嘲笑，挖苦
score n. vt.& vi.二十；得分，分数；获胜，成功
scold vt.& vi.责骂，斥责
1.pour scorn on
2.He is the scorn of his neighbors.
& 他是邻居嘲笑的对象。
3.She is always scolding.
& 她总是骂个不停。
4.Don't scold the child. It's not his fault.
& 别责怪那孩子，那不是他的过错。
vt.使熟悉，使了解；通知，告知
1.Let me acquaint you with the facts of the case.
& 我来告诉你这事情的真相。
2.You probably&aren't acquainted with my
& 你也许不了解我妹妹。
3.Acquaint him with your plans.
& 把你的计划告知他。
vt.假定，以为
I assume you've decided against going to the movies.
我以为你已经决定不去看电影了。&
n. 状况，状态；地位；健康状况；条件，先决条件；环境，情况；疾病
vt.制约，限制；使习惯于，使适应；作为…的条件；规定，决定，约束
1.We conditioned our children to read books.
& 我们培养孩子养成读书的习惯。
2.In the movie dogs and cats are conditioned to behave in a
certain way.
& 在电影里人们训练猫和狗做特定的表演。
3.My expenditure is conditioned by my income.
& 我的支出取决于我的收入。
4.You need to condition yourself if you are to play in the
football match on Saturday.
& 如果你要参加星期六的足球比赛，就需要把你自己调整到最佳状态。
reflectvt.&
vi.反射(光、热、声或影像)；反省，细想
1.It is time when we reflect on what we have done.
& 是反思一下我们做过的事儿的时候了。
2.I have been reflecting on what you said.
& 我一直在想你说过的话。
dawdlevt.&
vi.混(时间)，慢吞吞地动或做
1.Billy dawdled behind her all morning.
& 比利整个上午都跟在她后面闲混。
2.Don't dawdle, or we'll be late.
& 别慢吞吞地，否则我们要迟到了。
triumphn. 胜利，成功，巨大的成就
vi.克服，战胜
1.He achieved great triumphs.
& 他获得了巨大成功。
2.I believe that sooner or later good must triumph over evil.
& 我相信终有一天善良一定会战胜邪恶。
inform sb. about / of sth.
<rm us of any change of address please.
2.Keep me informed.
& 有什么消息及时告诉我。
fail to do = not do
insignificant
adj.不重要的
1.We started quarreling over insignificant things.
& 我们开始为小事吵架。
2.The consequences are relatively insignificant compared with
the process.
& 和过程相比，结果不是那么重要。
n.& vt.棚，库；流出；蜕皮，树叶脱落
1.bicycle shed
& 自行车棚&
2.straw mat shed
3.shed blood
4.shed tears
vt.在(硬物)上雕刻(字、画等)；将某事物深深印在(记忆或头脑中)
1.He engraved my name on the silver plate.
& 他在银盘子上刻上我的名字。
2.It's a big plate with a text engraved on it.
& 这是个雕刻着文字的大盘子。
3.This episode remains sharply engraved on my mind.
& 这段经历至今仍深深地铭刻在我的心中。
stretchn.一大片（平地或水）
1.By the light of the moon, they come to a deserted stretch of
& 趁着月色，他们来到一片荒芜的海滩。
2.The plane is now flying over a stretch of desert.
& 飞机正在一大片沙漠上空飞行。
n.请求，恳求
1.I will be deaf to pleading and excuses.
& 我不会理睬任何恳求和借口。
2.His pleading melted her.
& 他的乞求软化了她。
gearn.汽车排档
1.He put the car in gear and drove away.
& 他把汽车挂上档然后开走了。
& 加速，提速。
adj.原始的，早期的；简单的，粗糙的
n.& 文艺复兴前的画家或雕刻家，早期的艺术家；原始人，原始事物
1.Primitive man made himself primitive tools from stones and
& 原始人用石块和骨头做原始的工具。
2.He made a primitive boat out of some pieces of wood.
& 他用几块木头做了艘简易的小船。
3.He was an Italian primitive.
& 他是一位意大利早期的艺术家。
adj.(指人)反复无常的；（指人或性质）灵活的，易变的；水银的，含水银的
1.a mercurial nature&
& 反复无常的性格
2.She has a mercurial turn of conversation.
& 她谈话善转话锋。
3.Their attitudes embody the extremes of nature, mercurial and
& 它们的形态包含了全部自然天性、活泼和有力量的一切。
4.Wealth and power can be fleeting, family bonds tenuous, status
mercurial.
& 财富权力转眼成空，家庭关系淡薄如纸，名望地位飘忽不定。
n.快乐，高兴，欢乐
1.Her manner professed a gaiety that she did not feel.
& 她的神态显出一种她并未实际感受到的快乐。
2.She felt, without knowing why, that the gaiety was assumed.
& 不知为什么她觉得这种快乐是装出来的。
3.offering fun and gaiety
& 提供娱乐和欢乐的气氛的。
4.the gaiety of the music
& 音乐的欢快气氛
5.Health and gaiety foster beauty.
& 健康与欢乐养育美。
n.火星；战神
n.水星；汞，水银&
auspicious
adj.有前途的，有希望的，吉祥的，吉兆的；有利的，有帮助的
1.an auspicious year
& 幸运的一年
2.an auspicious beginning
& 吉利的开始
adj.不吉的, 不祥的，恶兆的，凶兆的
The room has suddenly become ominously quite.
房间里突然变得安静，有一种不祥的气氛。
adj.薄的，细的；贫乏的，平淡的；空洞无物的；无关紧要的，细微的；脆弱的，无力的；精细的，微妙的；含糊的，暧昧的
1.a tenuous line of argument
& 空洞的辩论方式
2.He has a rather tenuous grasp of reality.
& 他对现实认识很肤浅。
3.fine hairs；a tenuous thread
& 纤细的头发；纤细的丝线
4.the tenuous air at a great height
& 高空的稀薄空气
5.The difference, if it exists, is extremely tenuous.
& 这种差别即使存在也是微不足道的。
vt.抓住, 抓紧；理解, 领会
n. 抓住，理解
vi.抓，伸手拿；攫取(常与 at 连用)；急于接受，热切地接受(常与 at 连用)；急切地寻求(常与 for 连用)
1.He grasped my arm.
& 他抓住我的手臂。
2.I kept her hand in my grasp.
& 我抓住她的手。
3.I could not grasp her meaning.
& 我不懂她的意思。
4.He grasped at the opportunity.
& 他抓住了机会。
vt.时刻困扰，缠住；使痴迷，使迷恋，使着迷；唠叨，挂牵，念念不忘
The fear of death obsessed him throughout his old life.
他晚年一直受着死亡恐惧的困扰。
deceivevt.&
vi.欺骗，蒙骗
He deceived his friends about his income.
他在自己的收入问题上欺骗了朋友。
fantasyn. 想像，幻想；空想的产物，怪念头
Everyone should indulge in fantasy on occasion.
每个人都应偶尔沉浸在想像之中。
fanaticn. 狂热者，入迷者
adj.狂热入迷的
1.Alexander is a football fanatic.
& 亚历山大是个足球迷。
2.He is a fanatic jogger.
& 他是一个极喜欢慢跑的人。
adj.狂热的，入迷的
Top of the range Scotches attract a fanatical following among
whisky buffs.
顶级苏格兰威士忌在威士忌酒酒迷中吸引了一批狂热的拥趸。
adj.浅黄色的，米色的；&美俚&健美的
浅黄色；浅黄色软(牛)皮；黄皮军装上衣；&非正&爱好者,行家，…迷，…狂
vt.用软物擦亮(金属)；使皮革柔软；减低(力量)，减弱
vi.做缓冲器，缓冲
1.She was wearing a buff uniform.
& 她穿着一身米色制服。
2.Jack is a jazz buff.
& 杰克是爵士音乐迷。
3.in the buff&&
& 一丝不挂，赤裸
4.I'm sure I saw him swimming in the buff!
& 我确实看见他赤身裸体在游泳！
5.Buff up the paintwork with a soft cloth.
& 用块柔软的布把漆面擦亮。
vt.放纵，容许；使（自己）沉溺于，满足（自己的欲望等）；参加，参与（尤指违法活动）
vi.使沉迷，享受
1.It is sometimes necessary to indulge a sick child.
& 迁就一个生病的小孩有时是必要的。
2.He would indulge her every dream.
& 他会尽量满足她的每一个奇思妙想。
3.I wouldn't say he's a drinker but he indulged at the party last
& 我不能说他是个酒鬼，可是昨晚的晚会上，他却不加节制地狂饮。
4.indulge in
& 沉迷于，享受
5.Bill indulged in a long relaxing shower after a hard day.
& 一天辛苦的工作后，比尔尽情享受沐浴带来的放松。
remonstratevt.告诫，规劝
1.I remontrated warmly, but nothing that I could say moved
& 我热心地劝告她，但她丝毫不为所动。
2.Jane remontrated against the arrangement by her parents.
& 简抗议父母的安排。
3.remonstrate against
& 抗议，反对
4.remonstrate against cruelty to a dog
& 抗议对一条狗的虐待
vt.准许，答应给予；（退一步）承认同意，（姑且）承认，假定…（正确）；（尤指正式地或法律上）同意，准予，允许；让渡，让与，转让（财产），赐予
补助金，助学金，津贴；（政府、机构的）拨款；同意，准予；让渡，让与，赐予；授给物（如财产、授地、专有权、补助、拨款等）；转让物；（来自私人或公共授予机构的）基金
1.He refused to grant them long-term credits.
& 他拒绝给他们长期信贷。
2.Are you ready to grant that I was right?
& 你是否愿意承认我是对的？
3.The firm granted him a pension.
& 公司赐予他年金。
4.Students in this country receive a grant from the
government.
& 这个国家的学生可得到政府的助学金。
5.grant permission
& 同意，允许
6.Why should we grant you that privilege?
& 为什么我们应该给予你那种特权？
7.I grant you.
& 我肯定你说的话；你说得没错。
8.grant a favour
& 答应一项帮助
9.repeal a grant
& 撤销补助金
10.not grant approval
& 不予批准
11.grant a leave
& 准予休假
perseverant
adj.能坚持的
Be happy, sunny, perseverant, warm-hearted, they have nothing to
do with your character.
要快乐，要开朗，要坚韧，要温暖，这和性格无关。
perseverance
1.Perseverance is failing nineteen times and succeeding the
twentieth.
& 十九次失败,直到第二十次才获成功,这就是坚持。
2.Perseverance is vital to success.
& 忍耐是成功的重要条件。&
3.The achievement of one's purpose depends largely on one's
perseverance.
& 一个人的志愿的实现大部分靠他的毅力。
obstinateadj.固执的，顽固的，倔强的；难克服的，不易去除的
1.He continued to be obstinate.
& 他依旧固执。
2.He is so obstinate that he still tries to defend his theory,
although it has been proved wrong.
& 他固执极了，尽管他的理论已被证明是错的，可他还在设法为其辩护。
3.incorrigibly obstinate
& 顽固不化
4.an obstinate fever
& 久治不退的热度
5.self-opinionated
& 刚愎自用
6.an obstinate headache
& 难以治愈的头痛
incorrigibleadj.无法矫正的，屡教不改的，无可救药的
1.an incorrigible thief
& 不可改造的贼
2.Because he was an incorrigible criminal, he was sentenced to life
imprisonment.
& 他是一个死不悔改的罪犯，因此被判终生监禁。
pastoraladj.田园的
The backdrop is a painted pastoral landscape.
背景是一幅田园风景画。
idyllicadj.田园诗的
The valley of tall trees, ravines and streams is idyllic in
front of them.
布满树木，沟壑和溪流的峡谷如田园诗般展现在他们面前。
ravinen.既深又狭、坡度很大的山谷
The city is built on the rock rising out of ravines.
这座城市建在高出峡谷的岩石上。
pasturen.牧场
The house is surrounded by acres and acres of beautiful
房子被好多亩美丽的农场包围着。
acren.英亩
boomvi.激增，猛涨，兴隆；发出隆隆声
n. （营业等的）激增，（经济等的）繁荣，迅速发展；隆隆声
1.Lighting fills the night sky and thunder booms overhead.
& 闪电布满夜空，雷声在头顶轰响。
2.Business is booming.
& 生意日趋繁荣。
3.He is booming as a teacher.
& 作为一位教师，他日趋成功。
4.The boom has created job opportunities.
& 经济繁荣创造了就业的机会。
vi.（指液体）喷出，涌出；滔滔不绝地讲；喋喋不休地说
n.管口，喷口
1.up the spout&&
& 在困难中，被毁灭，丧失掉
2.Water spouted through the hole.
& 水由洞里喷出。
3.The lecturer spouted for hours.
& 讲师滔滔不绝地讲了几个小时。
4.He's always spouting off about the behaviour of young people
& 他总是没完没了地数落如今年轻人的行为。
5.What are you spouting on about now?
& 你在啰嗦什么呢？
6.Water poured from the spout.
& 水从壶嘴倒出来。
7.It looks like our holiday plans are up the spout.
& 看来我们的休假计划要泡汤了。
8.This information the bank sent me is totally up the spout.
& 银行发给我的信息完全不对。
vi.搅拌，（使）移动，（使）激动；使打起精神，使奋起；叫醒，唤起
n.搅动，搅和，搅拌；激动；纷乱，骚乱
1.Mary put the sugar in her coffee, and stirred it with a
& 玛丽在她的咖啡里放了些糖, 然后用勺子搅动着。
2.He did not stir, not look up.
& 他没有动, 也没有抬头。
3.The book stirred my interest.
& 这本书激起了我的兴趣。
4.Give the soup a stir.
& 把汤搅拌一下。
5.His resignation caused quite a stir.
& 他的辞职引起了相当大的轰动。
6.He stirred me at 4 this morning.
& 他今早4点钟就把我叫醒了。
7.The cold wind stirs their hair and they both shiver
& 冷风吹过头发，他们都轻轻打了个冷战。
precariousadj.依靠机会的，（情势）不稳的，不确定的；不保险的，危险的；摇摇欲坠的，不稳固的
1.He earned a precarious living as an artist.
& 作为一个艺术家，他过得是朝不保夕的生活。
2.The museum is in a financially precarious position.
& 这家博物馆的财政状况不稳定。
3.He sat precariously on the edge of the bed.
& 他坐在床沿上，似乎随时会掉下来。
4.The path down to the beach is very precarious in wet
& 通往海滨的小路雨天非常湿滑危险。
agonizevt.使（极度）痛苦，折磨
vi.苦斗，苦苦思索；感到极度痛苦，苦闷，苦恼
1.I spent days agonizing over whether to take the job or not.
& 我用了好些天苦苦思考是否接受这份工作。
2.They agonized about it for days.
& 他们为此苦恼了许多天。
agonizingadj.使人极度痛苦的，使人苦闷的，使人烦恼的；精神紧张的，提心吊胆的
1.It was an agonizing decision for him.
& 这对他来说是一个痛苦的决定。
2.She let out an agonizing scream.
& 她发出一声惊恐的尖叫。
stackvt.& vi.堆积
n.堆，垛；大量，一大堆；大烟囱，（船上的）烟囱；（图书馆或书店的）书架
1.A pile of books are stacked vertically from the floor to the
& 书从地板一直摞到天花板。
2.There's a whole stack of bills waiting to be paid.
& 有一大堆账要付呢。
crampedadj.窄小的
spaciousadj.宽敞的
The cabin is neither cramped nor spacious.
这船舱不大不小。
obstructvt.阻塞，堵塞；阻碍，阻止，妨碍
1.The lawer is charged with obstructing justice and intimidating
& 那位律师被控妨碍司法和恐吓证人。
2.Tall trees obstructed his view of the road.
& 有大树挡着, 他看不到道路。
intimidate
vt.恐吓，威胁
He intimidates the children by shouting at them.
他朝孩子们大声叫喊以吓唬他们。
refinevt.精炼，精制；使纯净；使文雅高尚，使去掉粗俗言行，使变得完善
1.They refine sugar using this way.
& 他们用这种方法精制糖。
2.He has refined his taste and manners.
& 他已使自己的趣味爱好和举止仪态变得高雅完美。
3.a woman of great refinement and beauty
& 温文尔雅又很漂亮的女士
exhilaratevt.使高兴，使兴奋
exhilarate one's spirits
使精神振奋
exhilaratingadj.使人高兴的，令人兴奋的
1.We have just got some exhilarating news.
& 我们刚得到一些令人振奋的消息。
2.an exhilarating drink
& 提神的饮料（指酒）
vi.（使）倾斜，歪斜
vt.有倾向性地编写或报道
n. 斜面，斜线；倾向，偏向，侧重
1.The rays of the late sun slanted in streams through the cypress
& 夕阳的光线一缕缕地从柏树林中斜穿过来。
2.The journalist slanted the report so that the mayor was made to
appear incompetent.
& 那位记者做出歪曲报道好让市长显得无能。
3.The lines are drawn on a slant.
& 这些线条被画成斜线。
4.The editorial had an antiunion slant.
& 这篇社论有一种反工会的倾向。
5.The attic is bright and spacious, with slanted roof and two huge
& 阁楼宽敞明亮，有倾斜的屋顶和两扇大窗。
torrentn.奔流，急流，洪流，激流；爆发，迸发，连续不断，狂潮
1.I was proceeding through torrents of rain.
& 我在倾盆大雨中前进。
2.He was answered with a torrent of oaths.
& 他所得到的回报是一连串的咒骂声。
3.He let fly a torrent of abuse.
& 他发出一连串的咒骂。
4.torrent of tears
& 泪如泉涌
vi.（用夹具）夹紧，夹住，固定
n.夹具，夹子，夹钳；车轮锁，车轮夹锁（用于锁住违章停放的车辆）&
1.Clamp the two pieces of wood together until the glue dries.
& 用夹钳把两块木板夹紧, 等胶水干了再松开。
2.He used a clamp to hold the arm on the chair until the glue
& 他用夹子将扶手夹在椅子上, 直到胶水干后再取下。
crumplevt.&
vi.压皱，弄皱
1.Don't crumple my clothes!
& 别把我的衣服弄皱了！
2.This kind of paper crumples easily.
& 这种纸容易起皱。
obscurityn.不明，费解，隐晦，无闻；晦涩或不明的事物
1.His poems are full of obscurities.
& 他的诗有很多晦涩费解的地方。
2.Its origin is lost in obscurity.
& 它的起源己搞不清楚了。
3.The song remained in obscurity for two years.
& 在此后的两年里，这首歌一直默默无闻。
4.rise from obscurity
& 出身微贱
5.He has risen from obscurity to international fame.
& 他已从默默无闻之辈而成为国际上的名人。
cabinetn.橱，陈列柜；内阁，内阁会议；（唱机、收音机、电视机等的）匣子，机壳；（有特殊用途的）小房间；展览艺术品的小陈列室&
1.I keep my collection of old china in the cabinet.
& 我把古瓷器收藏品存放在橱子里。
2.The cabinet meets tomorrow to discuss this problem.
& 内阁明天将举行会议讨论这个问题。
3.an advisory cabinet
& 顾问班子
blundern.（因无知、粗心等造成）的错误
vi.犯错误；踉踉跄跄地走，跌跌撞撞地走，慌乱地走
1.I saw that I had been guilty of a careless blunder.
& 我意识到自己因疏忽而酿成大错。
2.He really blundered when he insulted the boss's wife.
& 当他侮辱老板的妻子时，他真是犯了一个大错。
3.Without my glasses, I blundered into the wrong room.
& 我没戴眼镜，跌跌撞撞地走错了房间。
blunderingadj.浮躁的，笨拙的，易犯错的
I feel like a blundering novice.
我觉得自己像个笨拙的新手。
leisuren.空闲
1.at leisure
& 有空，方便
2.I'm afraid I'm not at leisure this very moment.
& 恐怕我现在没空。
hurlvt.猛投，用力掷；大声叫骂
1.Tom hurls a stone chunk at the window.
& 汤姆把一块大石头向窗户猛掷过去。
2.He hurled curses at the unfortunate man who had made the
& 他对着这个犯了错误的可怜人大声叫骂。
surmountvt.战胜，克服（困难）；居于…之上，在…顶上
1.I think most of these obstacles can be surmounted.
& 我认为这些障碍大多数都是可以克服的。
2.The house was surmounted by a tall chimney.
& 屋顶上有一个高高的烟囱。
insurmountableadj.不能克服的，难以对付的
None of these tasks is insurmountable.
没有克服不了的任务。
sheeradj.完全的，十足的；陡峭的，垂直的；极薄的，轻的，透明的
adv.垂直地，陡峭地
vi.避开，突然转向
1.By sheer luck I found my way back to the hotel.
& 纯粹靠运气，我找到了回旅馆的路。
2.This is sheer nonsense.
& 这是一派胡言。
3.He achieved his aim by sheer strength of will.
& 他纯粹靠意志力达到了目的。
4.The mountain was too sheer to climb.
& 这山太陡峭了，无法攀登。
5.She wears a pair of sheer stockings.
& 她穿着一双透明的丝袜。
6.That dress is too sheer to wear without a slip.
& 那条连衣裙太透明了，没有衬裙不能穿。
7.The mountain rises sheer from the plain.
& 这座山几乎是从草原上拔地而起。
8.I saw her in the High Street, but she sheered off so as not to
& 我在大街上看见她, 但她故意避开我。
overwhelmvt.覆盖，淹没；压倒，制服，打败；使某人不知所措
1.A great wave overwhelmed the boat.
& 一个巨浪吞没了那只小船。
2.I've been overwhelmed with my history paper.
& 我的历史作业压得我喘不过气来。
3.I was overwhelmed by their kindness and moved to tears.
& 他们的关心让我感动地流泪。
vt.耕，犁；费力穿过，艰苦前进；在考试中淘汰
The farmer plowed organic fertilizer into the soil.
农民们耕地时把有机肥料施到土壤中。
organicadj.器官的；有机（体）的，有机物的
perjuryn.假誓，伪证，伪证罪
The insidious effects of perjury occur whether the case is civil or
无论是在民事案件还是刑事案件中，伪证都在暗中为害。
incessantlyadv.连续不断地，不停地
1.It rained incessantly for the whole two weeks.
& 雨不间断地下了整整两个星期。
2.Her tongue was incessantly scolding.
& 她嘴里不断地训人。
vicinityn.周围，附近
1.in the vicinity of
& 在...附近
2.He told us there was no hotel in the vicinity.
& 他告诉我们说附近没有旅馆。
abruptadj.突然的，意外的；唐突的，鲁莽的，生硬的
1.I don't know the cause of his abrupt leave.
& 我不知道他突然离去的原因。
2.There were abrupt weather changes.
& 天有不测风云。
3.She always sounds abrupt on the telephone.
& 在电话中听起来她总像很无礼。
stragglevi.蔓延，散漫；落伍，落后
Keep up with the rest of us and don't straggle.
要跟上我们的人，别掉队。
strugglevi.& n.搏斗；奋斗，努力
lavishadj.过分慷慨的；非常浪费的，太多的；过分丰富的，无节制的；大量生产的
1.She'd been a bit too lavish with the salt, so the soup didn't
taste nice.
& 她放盐太多，因而汤的味道不太好。
2.Such lavish praise was hard to believe.
& 这样过度的赞扬使人难以置信。
3.She's dressed well, but not lavishly.
& 她穿着考究但不过分奢华。
parquetn.镶木地板
The parquet floors shone like mirrors.
镶木地板亮得像镜子。
fickleadj.（爱情、友谊等）易变的，无常的
The television world was a notoriously fickle one.
电视圈是出了名的变化无常。
ficklenessn.变化无常
1.The constantly changing fashion of woman's clothes reflect basic
qualities of flickleness.
& 女装式样的不断变化反映了女人易变的性格特点。
2.The television world was a notoriously fickle one.
& 电视圈是出了名的变化无常。
notoriousadj.臭名昭著的，声名狼藉的
1.He is a notorious rake.
& 他是个声名狼藉的浪子。
2.He was notorious as a gambler.
& 他是臭名昭著的赌徒。
unrelentingadj.持续不断的，不松懈的，不屈不挠的；不宽恕的，无情的
1.an unrelenting ice storm
& 仍然凛冽的冰雪风景
2.unrelenting perseverance
& 不屈不挠的毅力
industriousadj.勤劳的，勤奋的
He is industrious about his study.
他勤奋学习。
merrimentn.&正&欢乐，嬉戏，欢笑
1.What calls for this merriment?
& 什么事值得这么高兴?
2.What's all the merriment about?
& 玩得这般兴高彩烈，有什么要庆祝吗?
3.Thank you for giving us so much mirth and merriment.
& 感谢你为我们带来那么多得喜悦和欢笑。
n.&书&欢乐，欢笑
His mind was boiling with mirth, fear and pride.
快意、恐惧、自豪一起在他心头翻腾。
adj.欢乐的，愉快的；喝得微醉的
1.the more the merrier
& 人越多越好
2.We joined the merry crowd.
& 我们加入了兴高采烈的人群中。
3.I was already merry after only two glasses of wine.
& 我只喝了两杯酒就有点醉了。
disillusionvt.使不再抱幻想，使理想破灭
1.I hate to disillusion him.
& 我真不想使他的幻想破灭。
2.They appear dispirited and disillusioned.
& 他们显得无精打采、灰心丧气。
inveterateadj.（常用于名词前正式用语）积习难改的，有…瘾的；（陋习）长期形成的，根深蒂固的
1.inveterate disease
2.an inveterate liar
& 习惯性的撒谎者
3.an inveterate habit
& 积习，难改的习惯
4.an inveterate prejudice
& 根深蒂固的偏见
5.Felicity will not come easily, inveterate love deserves
inveterate wait.
& 幸福不会轻易的到来，没有刻骨铭心的等待，又怎么会有刻骨铭心的爱呢？
felicityn.幸福，十分快乐；妥帖，贴切，恰当，得体；（尤指讲话或文章中的）精彩之处，言辞巧妙，措辞恰当
1.Felicity attends virtue.
& 德行将带来幸福。
2.felicity of expression
& 表达的恰到好处
3.express oneself with felicity
& 措词恰当
4.take felicity in sth.
& 乐于做某事，以做某事为乐&
5.have felicity to do sth.
& 乐于做某事，以做某事为乐
timidadj.胆小的，羞怯的
His timid manner betrayed the fear at the moment.
他怯懦的行为暴露出他当时的恐惧。
betrayvt.对…不忠，背叛，出卖；泄露，暴露，表明
He betrayed his own brother.
他出卖了他的亲兄弟。
tauntvt.嘲讽，辱骂，奚落
n. 嘲弄的言语，嘲笑，奚落
1.He taunted me for being weak.
& 他嘲讽我的软弱。
2.taunt sb. with cowardice
& 嘲笑某人的懦弱
3.Some of the girls taunted her about her weight.
& 有些女孩子笑她胖。
4.The other children taunted him with nicknames.
& 其他的孩子用绰号取笑他。
5.He had to endure the taunts of his successful rival.
& 他不得不忍受成功了的对手的讥笑。
jibevi.与…一致
n. 嘲弄，挖苦
1.jibe with sth.&
& 与…相符，一致，相匹配
2.What he says does not jibe with what others say.
& 他所说的与其他人说的不一致。
3.They did not jibe so well.
& 他们之间并不太和谐。
4.Eric ignores the jibe.
& 艾里克没理会这挖苦。
hypnotizevt.对…施催眠术；使着迷；使精神恍惚
1.The doctor hypnotized the patient and began asking
questions.
& 医生对病人进行了催眠，然后开始问他问题。
2.He was hypnotized by her beauty.
& 他见她艳丽动人而神魂颠倒。
insomnian.失眠
He is suffering from insomnia.
他患失眠症。
arrogantadj.傲慢的，自大的
Helen is sure of herself to the point of arrogance, which is her
海伦过于自信到了狂妄自大的程度，这就是她失败的原因。
undoingn.祸根，毁灭的原因
This hard attitude may have led to his undoing.
可能就是这种强硬的态度导致了他的垮台。
substancen.物质；主旨，要旨；实质，本体
1.mineral substance
2.This substance is insoluble in water.
& 这种物质不溶于水。
promptadj.立刻的，迅速的，准时的；准时到达的，行动迅速的
vt.& vi.为（演员）提示台词
vt. 促使，推动，引起
1.Prompt payment of bills is greatly appreciated.
& 如蒙即期结账，则不胜感激。
2.I can't understand it, he's usually very prompt.
& 我不明白这是怎么回事，他通常很准时的。
3.He's always prompt to criticize other people's ideas.
& 他对别人想出的主意总是迫不及待地进行评价。
4.Will you prompt for us at the performance?
& 演出时你给我们提示台词好吗？
5.What prompted him to be so generous?
& 是什么原因使得他如此大方呢？
intoxicatevt.使喝醉；使陶醉；使激动不已，使欣喜若狂，得意忘形
Mary's still intoxicated with her success.
玛丽仍陶醉在她的成功之中。
zealousadj.热心的，热忱的，热情的
1.She is a zealous supporter of our cause.
& 她是我们事业的热心支持者。
2.She was most zealous in performing her duties.
& 她非常热诚尽职。
3.over-zealously
& 过分热情地
twign.细枝，嫩枝
She heard a twig snap.
她听到一根小树枝啪地折断了。
vi.猛地咬住；（使某物）发出尖厉声音地突然断裂；厉声地说
vt.拍…的快照；使突然中断或停止；打断…的谈话；使迅速行动，急速做出
vi.（目光）闪耀，闪烁；迅速抓住；立即接受（与at连用）；（精神）突然崩溃，突然支持不住&
1.The enormous fish snapped the line.
& 一条大鱼咬住了线。
2.The branch suddenly snapped.
& 树枝突然折断了。
3.She snapped the door shut.
& 她喀哒一声关上了门。
4.She snapped at me.
& 她厉声对我说话。
5.The photographer snapped a nice photograph of him.
& 摄影师给他拍了一张很棒的快照。
6.The broadcast was snapped for a few seconds by the sunspot
& 太阳黑子运动使广播突然中断了几秒钟。
7.to snap the book open
& 迅速翻开那本书
8.His eyes snapped when he saw the gold coins in the box.
& 他一看到盒子里的金币，他的双眼一下子亮了起来。
9.to snap at the last chance
& 迫不及待地抓住最后的时机
10.She felt her mind snapping.
& 她感到再也支持不住了。
threadn. 线；思路
vt.将（针、线等）穿过…；将（影片）装入放映机
1.There is a consistent thread running through all these
& 所有这些政策中贯穿着一条始终如一的主线。
2.The child threaded the beads.
& 这孩子用线把珠子串起来。
3.A colum of ants is threading its way across the floor, each ant
carrying a piece of leaf.
& 蚂蚁排成一队前进，每只蚂蚁都扛着一片叶子。
vi.冲，猛冲
vt.& vi.猛掷，(使)猛撞；匆匆地写或画
n. 猛冲，飞奔；短距离赛跑；少许；破折号
vt.打碎，撞碎；(水、泥浆等)溅，洒，泼，浇，淋；使(希望、计划等)破灭，落空；使受挫，使沮丧，使泄气，使消沉
1.The horse dashed onward.
& 那匹马向前直冲。
2.Don't dash stones! It's dangerous.
& 不要扔石头，那样做危险。
3.She dashed some paint on the paper and called it a tree.
& 她在纸上涂抹了些颜料，说这就是一棵树。
4.The contestants lined up for the 100-yard dash.
& 参赛选手列队参加100码短跑。
5.Give him a glass of water with a dash of whisky in it.
& 给他一杯水，加少许威士忌。
6.She dashed the glass into smithereens against the wall.
& 她把玻璃杯撞在墙上砸得粉碎。
7.He recovered consciousness when they dashed some cold water in
& 他们往他脸上泼了些冷水之后，他便恢复了知觉(或苏醒过来了)。
8.The rain dashed their hope for a picnic.
& 那场雨使他们郊游野餐的希望破灭了。
9.The failure dashed her spirit.
& 失败使她精神沮丧。
smithereens
n.& vi. 翻找，搜寻
1.He had a good rummage inside the sofa.
& 他把沙发内部彻底搜寻了一翻。
2.Who's been rummaging through my papers?
谁乱翻我的文件来着？
n.纪念碑，纪念馆
vt.& vi.(使)生锈
1.The mower is covered with rust.
& 割草机布满了锈。
2.My bike has rusted and needs oil.
& 我的自行车生锈了，需要上油。
n.蟾蜍，癞蛤蟆
n.河豚；吹气的人，吹嘘者
n.水母，海蜇；软弱无用的人，意志薄弱的人
n.章鱼，八爪鱼
termiten.白蚁
a colony of termites
n.机灵，足智多谋，心灵手巧
The human race, using its technical ingenuity, has learnt to
keep itself alive.
运用本身技术上的独创性，人类已经学会如何生存。&
ingeniousadj.灵巧的，善于创造发明的；设计独特的，制作精巧的
1.She is an ingenious girl.
& 她是位很灵巧的姑娘。
2.Try to think of unusual and ingenious solutions.
& 尽量想想不同寻常的、巧妙的解决方法。
sickbedn.病床，卧床
After his longtime in sickbed, he is now in relative comfort.
久病卧床之后，他现在感觉好多了。
melancholyn.&
忧郁，悲哀
adj.忧郁的，悲伤的
1.All at once he fell into a state of profound melancholy.
& 他立即陷入无尽的忧思之中。
2.He felt melancholy after he failed the exam.
& 这次考试没通过, 他感到很郁闷。
3.The scene is gray, desolate and infinitely melancholy.
& 这景象灰暗、荒凉、无比忧郁。
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