2010届高考英语代词复习题
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2010届高考英语代词复习题
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2010届高考英语代词复习题
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代词一、问：本考点的命题思路是什么？答：代词是每年必考，贯穿于各个试题类型的一个基本知识点；考纲要求在广泛掌握代词基础知识的前提下，强调在具体语境中理解和使用代词；代词考查的重点是不定代词及it的用法。例1：（08湖南卷）Our nerghbors gave _____ a baby bird yesterday that hurt ______ when it fell from its nest.&& A. us, it& B. us, itself& C. ourselves, itself& D. ourselves, it 【答案】B。【题源探究】& 这是一道综合性的考题，考查人称代词和反身代词的用法。【广角思维】&& 第一空为人称代词的宾格形式做宾语；第二空的意思是说伤了自己的那只小鸟用反身代词做宾语。& 【易误警示】& 对是用人称代词的宾格形式做宾语还是用反身代词做宾语这一区别分不清是这类试题出错的主要原因。&& 【悟彻高考】& 人称代词作主语一般用主格形式，做宾语用宾格形式，作表语用主格形式，做定语用所有格形式。反身代词一般做表语、同位语和宾语，作宾语的前提是宾语和主语一致。如：I\'m not quite myself today．我今天不大舒服。/ Ｍake yourself at home．不要拘礼；请随便吧。 / Don\'t get nervous，help yourself to what you like．别紧张，喜欢吃什么就吃什么。/ Have you enjoyed yourself today? 你今天玩得愉快吗？注意：1.人称代词用作表语时，如说明主语，一般要用主格，如说明宾语则要用宾格。If I were she, I would take your advice.&&&& I would share the room with you if you were him.2.. 在简单的答语中多用宾格形式替代主格形式。Who will go out for a walk with me?Me.---Who is it ? 　　---It’s me ．【同类预测】 高考对人称代词和反身代词的考查集中在它们在句中作用的考查，特别是独特用法份的考查。（1）---I love you more than her，child ．--You mean more than ___love her or more than she loves____? 　　 A． you；me 　　B．I；you 　　 C．you；you 　　D．I；me 答案：A解析：I love you more than her有两种理解I love you more than her= I love you more than you love herI love you more than her= I love you more than she loves you.（2）Who can you turn to in time of danger, if not&&&&&&&&&& .A. any&&&&& B. us&&&&&& C. we&&&&&&& D. ours答案：B 解析：turn to sb. 表示“向……请求帮助”。从句是个省略句。If not us即if you don’t turn to us.例2：（08辽宁卷） ―Could you tell me how to get to Victoria Street?―Victoria Street? ______ is where the Grand Theatre is.A. Such&&&&B. There&&&&&C. That&&&&D. This【答案】C 。【题源探究】& 考查指示代词的指代用法。& 【广角思维】&& 通过对话语境我们可以知道Victoria Street是距离对话人比较远的事物，所以用that来表示远指。& 【易误警示】& 受选项的设置的迷惑作用不能明白该题的设计目的，有的学生以为该题是考查there be 句型的。&& 【悟彻高考】& this，that，these those 均是指示代词有以下的使用规律：　　1．在句子中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。 　　2．this(these)一般指时间和空间上较近的人或物，而that (those)常指时间和空间上较远的人或物。e.g. This is a novel and that is a magazine． 　　3．this(these)一般指后面要讲到的事物，而that(those)常指前面讲到的事物。e.g. What he told me is this：he wanted to go to Beijing．/ He didn\'t come．That is why he didn\'t know． 　　4．that，those 常用来指代前面提到过的某个名词。e.g. The oil output in 1998 was higher than that of 1995．( that 代替oil output) / The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany．&& 【同类预测】 指示代词的用法在试题设计中常和其他的代替词同时出现，这样就增加了试题的难度。&---- How about the price of these refrigerators?&& ---- They are equal in price to, if not cheaper than, _____ at the other stores.& A. others& B. it& C. that& D. the ones答案：D解析： one可指代指代前面的同类事物中的一个，表示泛指，one前面如有形容词修饰，之前还可以加上不定冠词a，也表示泛指，但one前面加上the可以表示特指， the one复数形式是the ones，相当于those，本题中就是这种现象，本句意思是“在价格上，它们就算不比别的商店里的冰箱便宜，也不会更贵”。例3：(08四川卷)The manager believes prices will not rise by more than _____ four percent.&& A. any other&&&&&& B. the other&&&&& C. another&&& D. other【答案】C 。【题源探究】&& 这是一道单一性试题，考查另外几个人或事物的表示方法。【广角思维】&& 该题表示“另外的4个百分点”，正确的表示方法是another four percent。&& 【易误警示】&& 对other，another，more 等相关的用法不清楚，是这种题出错的主要原因。 【悟彻高考】&& 另外几个人或事物的表示方法有以下几种：Another + 数词+ n& 如another five desks数词+other+ n&&& 如：five other desks数词+more+ n&&& 如：five more desks【同类预测】&& 另外几个人或事物的表示方法是高考考查代词用法时的一个命题重点。If you want to change for a double room you\'ll have to pay_______$15． 　　A．another B．other C．more D．each 答案：A解析：考查另外几个人或事物的表示方法。另外15美元可以表示为：another 15 dollars=15 other/more dollars二、问：命题热点有哪些？答：① 人称代词主格和宾格的基本用法。② 名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词的用法。③ 疑问代词的用法、不定代词的用法。④ 反身代词以及由反身代词构成的短语的用法。⑤ it, that, one和those作替代词的用法。例1：(2007 山东卷)_____________ worries me the way he keeps changing his mind. A．This&&&&&&&&&&&&& B．That&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C．What&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D．It【答案】B 。【题源探究】& 这是一道综合性的考题，考查it 充当形式主语这一知识点。【广角思维】& 句意：他总是改变主意，这一做法很令我担忧。句中It充当形式主语，真正的主语是the way，其后又有定语从句 he keeps changing his mind 修饰。 【易误警示】&& 了解it 在主语从句中的应用，充当形式主语。&& 【悟彻高考】&& It用作形式主语 替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。 & It 作形式主语的常见句型： &&&&&& 1. 代作主语的动词不定式，其句型为 &&&&&& (1) It be adj. (for sb.) to do sth. &&&&&& 此处adj. 通常为描述事件的形容词：easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible, impossible, likely, unlikely, right, wrong, important, unimportant, legal, illegal, well-mannered, ill-mannered, polite, impolite, clear, obvious, certain, suitable, proper, fit, useful, useless, dangerous… &&&&&& 例& It is illegal (for a teenager) to drive a car without a license. &&&&&& (2) It be adj. of sb. to do sth. &&&&&& 此处adj. 通常为描述人的形容词：kind, unkind, nice, rude, cruel, considerate, thoughtful, thoughtless, careful, careless, silly, foolish, stupid, clever, wise, crazy. &&&&&& 例& It's kind of you to help me with the problem. &&&&&& (3) It替代作主语的动名词的常见句型 &&&&&& It's no good/use doing…&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&& It's (well)worth doing…&& &&&&&& It's (well)worth one's while doing/to do… &&&&&& It's (well)worth while doing/ to do&&&&&& &&&&&& 例& It's no use crying over spilt milk. &&&&&& 2. It替代作主语的从句常见句型 &&&&&& (1) It is + noun +从句 &&&&&& 例& It is no secret that the president wants to have a second term at office. &&&&&& (2) It is adj. +clause &&&&&& It's surprising that… (should)………竟然…… &&&&&& It's a pity/shame that…(should)………竟然……&&&&&& &&&&&& 例& It's important that you should apologize to her for your rudeness.(=It's of much importance that you should apologize to her for your rudeness.) &&&&&& (3) It verb sb. + clause= It is v-ing + clause &&&&&&& It+surprise/delight/interest/disappoint/worry/disturb/annoy/amaze&&&&&&& /bother/concern/frighten/please/anger sb. that… &&&&&& 例& It worried me that she drove so fast.(= It was worrying that she drove so fast.) &&&&&& (4) It verb (to sb.) that…= sb/sth verb to do &&&&&& (verb = appear, seem, come about, emerge, follow, chance, happen, occur, transpire, turn out , work out) &&&&&& 例& It (so) happened/chanced that they were out.(= They happened/chanced to be out.) &&&&&&& (5) It is v-ed that…=sb/sth is to do &&&&&&& (verb=say, report, think, believe, hope, expect, agree, accept, decide, determine, intend, plan, understand, know） &&&&&& 例& It is said that the couple have gotten divorced.(=The couple are said to have gotten divorced.) &&&&&& (6) It is v-ed that … (should)… &&&&&& (verb=demand, request, require, order, suggest, advise, recommend &&&&&& 例& It is suggested that they should begin with the third question. 【同类预测】 it作形式主语的用法在命题时变化多端，设计灵活应该引起我们的重视。(1)．&&&&& is no need to make a decision today. We can do it at the meeting tomorrow.&A．It&B．This&C．That&D．There答案：D.解析：考查固定句型there is no need to do sth.例2：（2007 湖南卷）To save class time, our teacher has ________ students do half of the exercise in class and complete the other half for homework. & A. us&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. we&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. our&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. ours 【答案】A 。【题源探究】& 本题考查在具体语言环境中代词的应用。【广角思维】& 为了节省时间，我们老师让我们（学生）在课堂上做完一般练习，另一半作为家庭作业。 根据句意可知题干中的has 为使役动词，后面需要代词宾格与students& 一起做宾语，us 与students 为同位关系。& 【易误警示】&& has 为使役动词，后面需要代词宾格与students& 一起做宾语，这是学生选错的主要原因，这要求考生做题时要能够分清句子结构，然后再对试题作出正确的判断。& 【悟彻高考】&& 代词作同位语时应用什么形式取决于做什么成分的同位语，如果做宾语的同位语要用宾格，如果做主语的同位语要用主格形式，另外如果名词做了同位语来确定代词的形式这是就要注意分析该代词在整个句子中充当的语法作用了。We students should work hard and respect our teachers.【同类预测】& 代词做同位语以及同位语的位置将是这一知识点中命题的重点。如：they are both students. Are they both students? Yes ,they both are.(规律是在陈述句及疑问句中要位于be动词后，在简短答语中要置于be前。)&How silly you _____!& A. all are& B. are all& C. all do& D. do all答案：A解析：首先排除C、D，不符合句中系表结构的要求，其次因为本句是感叹句，谓语动词应该在句末重读，因此排除B。但代词all和both在句中的一般位置是在情态动词或be动词之后，行为动词之前，如We are all the students of English.或We can all speak a little Japanese.但代词all和both在省略答语或感叹句中不能出现在句末。例3：（2007 陕西卷）―There is still a copy of the book in the library. Wall you go and borrow _____? ―No, I’d rather buy____in the bookstore. &A. one&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. one&&&&&&& &&& C. it&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. it【答案】A 。【题源探究】& 本题考查的是代词one和it的代替用法。【广角思维】& 句意; ――这本书在图书馆还用一本，你去借吗？――不,我宁愿去书店买一本。因为图书馆里只有一本同样的书，用it 表示同类事物。在第二个空中，用one表示某一本书，因为书店中应不只有一本同样的书。&& 【易误警示】& 考试应注意文中的隐藏含义，特指还是泛指是解决这类试题的关键。& 【悟彻高考】& 代词one和it的代替用法时的区别是，one是表示泛指，是指同类的某一个，it是特指并且是同一个。&& 【同类预测】& 对代词one和it的代替用法的考查是代词方面的一个热点和难点把握的关键是确定特指和泛指。(1)Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, ___I will always treasure. A. that&&&&&&&& B. one&&&&&&&&&& C. it&&&&&&&&& D. what 答案：B.解析：one做moment的同位语.后面是以one为先行词的定语从句，省掉了关系代词that。(2)- Excuse me, I want to have my watch fixed, but I can’t find a repair shop.- I know&&&&&&&&& nearby. Come on, I’ll show you. A. one&&&&& B. it&&&&& C. some&&&&& D. that答案：A 解析：one用来代替刚提到的人或一种可数的物，it也指刚刚提到过的事物，但指同一个，C、D显然不符合题意。三、问：命题形式有哪些？答：高考对代词的考查多以单项，完形和短文改错等题型出现，不再 单纯地考查代词的知识而是侧重于代词的综合利用，以及在具体的语境中的运用。例1. （2007 天津卷） He didn’t make ________ clear when and where the meeting would be held. A. this&&&&& B. that&&&&&&&&&&& C. it&&&&&&&&&&& D. these【答案】C 。【题源探究】&& 考查it作形式宾语的用法。【广角思维】&& it在该句中是形式宾语，真正的宾语是when and where the meeting would be held【易误警示】&&& 受选项设计的影响，及it充当形式宾语的用法的不理解有的学生对该题的考查目标不清楚，这样可能会选择A/B 【悟彻高考】&& It 作形式宾语 用来替代作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词，而把真正作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。 &It 作形式宾语的常见句型： &&&&&& 1. verb+ it+ adj./noun (for/of) to do/clause& (verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep…) &&&&&& 例& I think it hard for you to do the task on your own./I think it hard that you'll do the task on your own. &&&&&& 2. verb+it+adj./noun (one's) doing (adj.=useless/worth/worthwhile)(noun=no use/no good/worth one's while/a waste of time/money/energy/words) (verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep…) &&&&&& 例& I'll make it worth your while telling me about his secret. &&&&&& 3. verb+it+ important/unimportant/necessary/unnecessary/natural/essential that … (should)… &&&&&& verb+it+of much/great/no/little importance that…(should)… &&&&&& (verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep…) &&&&&& 例& I think it important that you (should) attendthe conference. &&&&&& 4. v. +it + prep. + that… &&&&&& owe it to sb. that…把…归功于… &&&&&& leave it to sb that…把…留给某人去做 &&&&&& take it for granted that …想当然 &&&&&& keep it in mind that… &&&&&& 例& Don't bother to arrange anything. Just leave it to me to sort out. &【同类预测】 综上所述it做形式宾语的结构灵活多变，这为出题人，考查该知识点提供了广阔的空间，这也使该知识点成为命题的一个热点。---- Will you see to _____ that all the papers should be handed in after class?&&&& ---- All right.& A. this& B. it& C. me& D. them答案:B&解析：本题考查it作形式宾语的用法，真正的宾语是that从句，本句意思是“你能不能负责下课后把所有的试卷都收上来？”。例2：（2007 浙江卷） ―He got his first book published. It turned out to be a bestseller.&& ―When was _____?&& ―_____ was in 2000 when he was still in college. & A. This&&&&&&&&& B. It&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. This&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. It【答案】B 。【题源探究】&& 这是一道综合性的考题，考查this/that指代句子的用法，及it在强调句型中的运用。【广角思维】&& 第一空用that 指代上文。第二空是it引出的强调句型。 【易误警示】&&& 对this/that的指代规律不清楚，第一空可能会选如果分不清第二空的真正结构可能会选this 【悟彻高考】&& It is/was+被强调部分+ that(who)… 强调句型用来强调谓语动词以外的任何句子成分。当被强调部分是人时也可以用who。 &&&&&& 在使用强调句型时需注意以下几点： &&&&&& 1. 请注意强调句型的特殊疑问句& &&&&&& 例& When was it that he changed his mind to take part in the activity？ &&&&&& 2. 在强调原因状语从句时，只能强调由because所引导的从句 &&&&&& 例& It was because he was ill that he didn't come to school yesterday. &&&&&& 3. 在强调not … until结构时必须把not与until一起放到被强调的位置上 &&&&&& 例& It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was my brother.&& 【同类预测】强调句型的结构灵活多变，并且能与其他句子结构混淆在一起，这些特种使这一知识点成为各种考试中命题人普遍关注的敏感的问题。】&---- He was nearly drowned once.&& ---- When was _____?&& ---- _____ was 1998 when he was in middle school.& A. It& B. This& C. It& D. This答案：A解析：that可以用来指代前文的内容，而it在此指代时间。this一般指下文要提到的，而that指上文已经提到过的事情，如：What I want you to remember is this: English is of great use.They can’t not afford it. That is their problem.例3：（太原市2008年高三年级模拟试题一)The doctors said that few patients，_____ ，could come back to normal after getting this disease．&&& A．if some&&& &B．if any&&& &C．if have&&& &D．if has【答案】A 。【题源探究】 考查some和 any的区别以及含有代词的一些固定短语。【广角思维】& 句意是“如果有一些病人能恢复正常的话也很少。” If any符合语境。&& 【易误警示】& 很多考生收固定思维的影响，认定some用在肯定句中，这样就选择了if some. 【悟彻高考】&& some 常用在肯定句中，而any 则常用在否定和疑问句中和条件状语从句。在表示建议，反问，请求的疑问句中，或期望得到肯定回答时，多用some而不用any。 【同类预测】&& some和 any的区别是最简单也最容易出错的用法，对它们的测试在命题中频繁出现。- Your coffee smells great！- It’s from Mexico. Would you like _____?A. it&&&&& B. some&&&&& C. this&&&&&& D. little答案：B解析：在表示建议，反问，请求的疑问句中，或期望得到肯定回答时，多用some而不用any四、问：易错点在哪里？答：针对这一考点，考生易犯的错有：① 反身代词和某些动词或介词连用构成的短语。② 某些代词在句型结构中的固定使用。③ it, that, one作替代词的用法区别。④ 限定词的顺序，此类考题出现不多，是考生较难把握的一个知识点。⑤全否定和半否定的用法例1. （08山东卷）Make sure you’ve got the passports and tickets and ______ before you leave.A. something&&B. anything&&C. everything&D. nothing【答案】A 。【题源探究】& 考查 something&、anything、everything&和 nothing的区别，尤其是anything和everything的区别。【广角思维】&& 该句的意思是“在你离开前务必确定你得到了通行证、票和所必须的一切东西。” 所需要的东西在该题中提供了一个隐含的范围，而指代范围内的一切用everything. 【易误警示】&&& 该题容易排除D。但是A/B/C该怎么选择就很难了。有的学生一看该题是肯定句就不加思考选择可答案A。【悟彻高考】&& something是指某些，可以用在肯定句和疑问句中。Anything是指没有一个固定范围的任何东西，可以用在肯定句和疑问句中以及否定句中。You can take anything you like.Everything是指固定范围内的一切东西。【同类预测】 对该组词的考查会集中在对anything和everything的考查，与这一用法类似的结构有anyone和everyone。He cares so little about his meals that _____ will do so long as it fills his stomach.& A. anything&&&&&&&&&& B. everything& & C. nothing&&&&&&&&&&& D. something答案：A解析：根据上句“他基本上不在乎吃什么饭”可以推断“任何能填饱肚子的东西都成”，因此用anything“任何东西”。例2：（08福建卷）21. CHow do you find your new classmates?C Most of them are kind, but ____ is so good to me as Bruce.A. none&&&&&&&&&& B. no one&&&&&&&&&& C. every one&&&&&&&&&& D. some one 【答案】A 。【题源探究】& 考查none和no one的区别以及在具体语境中的运用。【广角思维】&& 在该对话中你的新同学提供了一个固定范围，答语中“没有任何一个人像布鲁斯那样对我好。”可以知道要用A.& 【易误警示】&& 忽略了新同学的暗示作用，选择了no one。对none和no one的区别关键在于确定有无范围。【悟彻高考】no one 只用于指人，而none 既可指人也可指物。如果说“若干人（物）之中一个也不”，用“none of”,后接复数名词时，谓语可以用复数，也可用单数；后接不可数名词时，谓语用单数。如：No one told me that he had gone to Shanghai.None of them have（或has）arrived yet.（不用no one）None of the money is mine.另外none可以简略回答以How many或How much开头的疑问句。& 例如：&&&&& None of them have/has failed.&&&&& ―― How many books are there on the desk ? ―― None.& 注意：no one (＝nobody)不同于none ,作主语时只能跟单数谓语，不可跟of短语连用， & 回答以who开头的问句，不能回答How many/much …开头的问句。例如：&&&&& ―― Who is in the room ? ―― no one(＝Nobody).&&&&& ――Is there any oil in the glass ? ―― None.&&& 【同类预测】none和no one；everyone和 every one的区别是一样的，都是非常重要的知识点和易考点。（1）Some people would rather ride bikes as bike ridding has&&&&&&&& of the trouble of taking buses.A. nothing&&& B. none&&&&& C. some&&&&& D. neither答案：B 解析：nothing是不定代词，不能放在介词of的前面：neither（两者）都不；some与句子的意思不符，都不能作为答案。None of the trouble of taking buses没有乘公共汽车的麻烦。（2）It’s raining outside. I just need an umbrella, so _____ will do.& A. one&& B. anyone& C. it& D. any one答案：D解析：本题考查不定代词的用法。one是非特指，相当于an umbrella，而it是特指就是上文提到过的那个事物，本题中没有任何特定所指事物，故也不合适。anyone = anybody只代人，也因排除。any one = any umbrella，“任何一把伞”。例3：（08全国I卷）30. ―Which of the two computer games did you prefer?―Actually I didn’t like ______.A. both of them&&B. either of them&&C. none of them&&D. neither of them【题源探究】 考查全否定和半否定的用法【广角思维】& 通过语境我们可以知道是说两个都不喜欢，因为有否定词don’t 所以用either of them&来表示两者都不。【易误警示】&& 不知道部分否定与全部否定结果选择了A. 忽略了否定词don’t结果选择了D。& 【悟彻高考】部分否定与全部否定：当all, both, each和every(body, thing)等表示整体意义的代词与否定词连用时，一般只表示部分否定，如果表示全部否定，应该用none, no one, neither, nobody, nothing等.All of the students were not late for the class. 不是所有学生上课都迟到的。(现代英语中常写成：Not all the students were late for the class.）None of the students were late for the class.没有一个学生上课迟到的。& & 【同类预测】部分否定与全部否定的用法是代词这一语法知识中的重点和难点，一定要在复习中做到全面掌握和熟悉运用。- Which of the two books do you want?- I want_____. Please show me _____.A. another& B. the other&&& C. the other&&& D. another答案：D&& 解析：答语意为：“两本我都不要，请给我另外一本。”其他三个选项不定代词表达的数上或意思上与问候语相矛盾。例4.（云南省2008届高三英语第二次统测试题34） He is so addicted to smoking that ____ seems to be no chance of talking him into quitting.A. this&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. what&&&&&&&&&&&& C. it&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. there【答案】D。【题源探究】 考查there be 句型的用法。【广角思维】& 句子意思是“她如此沉溺于吸烟以至于似乎没有可能性去说服他戒烟。” 用there be 句型来表示有无。& 【易误警示】&& 受选项设计的影响有的学生认为是考查it用法的结果选择C；还有部分学生不能准确分析句子结构，选择了B.&& 【悟彻高考】&&& it句型和there be 句型在某些时候极易混淆，下面介绍there be 句型的具体用法：There be句型是英语中常见的特殊句型，用以表示某物某事存在或不存在。句中的there只起引导作用，并无实际意义，句子的真正主语是谓语动词be后面的名词。There be句型有多种表现形式，可以用来表达多种复杂的含义。& 1．There be与情态动词连用& There be句型中的谓语动词be可与各种情态动词连用，表示"一定有"、"可能有"、"应该有"等含义。例如：& He felt that there must be something wrong．他感到一定是出了错儿。& There might be drinks if you wait a bit．如果你等一会儿，可能会有酒。& There can’t have been much traffic so late at night．这么晚了，街上的车辆不会太多。& There oughtn’t to be too great discrepancy in our views．我们的看法不应该有太大的分歧。& 2．There be与含有情态意义的动词或短语连用& 英语中有些动词或短语具有一定的情态含义，我们称之为半助动词。There be句型中的谓语动词be可与这些半助动词连用，表达更为复杂的意念。能用于There be句型中的这类词语主要有：happen to（碰巧），appear ／seem to（似乎），be going to（将会），used to（曾经），have to（必须），be likely to（很可能），bebound to（必定）等。例如：& There happened to be an old friend of mine in the club．在那个俱乐部碰巧有我的一个老朋友。& There appear to be several reasons for changing our plans．看来改变我们的计划有几个理由。& There used to be a cinema here before the war．战前这里曾有一个电影院。& Is there going to be a dancing party tonight？今晚有舞会吗？& There are bound to be obstacles for us to get over．一定会有障碍需要我们去克服。& 3．There be的非限定形式及用法& There be结构也可以以不定式（there to be）、动名词（there being）和现在分词（there being）的形式出现在句子中，作主语、宾语或状语。这种非限定形式中的there在形式上起着逻辑主语的作用，因此，不定式there to be前有时需加介词for，从形式上满足引出不定式逻辑主语的需要，而分词there being则具有独立主格结构的意味。例如：& I don’t want there to be any more trouble．我不希望再有麻烦了。（不定式作宾语）& I expect there to be no argument about this．我希望对此没有什么争论。（不定式作宾语）& It was unusual for there to be so few people in the street．大街上人这么少，这不大正常。（不定式作主语）& What’s the chance of there being an election this year？今年举行大选的可能性有多大？（动名词作介词宾语）& There being a bus stop so near the house is a great advantage．离屋子这么近有一个汽车站，这太便利了。（动名词作主语）& There being nothing else to do，we went home．没有别的事可做，我们就回家了。（分词作状语）& 4．由there be构成的固定句型& 由there be构成的一些固定句型在英语中很活跃，需很好地掌握。常见的有：& There is no point in ＋v-ing：没道理，没用，没必要& There is no use（in）＋v-ing：毫无用处& There is no sense in ＋v-ing：毫无道理& There is no need to ＋v：没有必要& There is no ＋v-ing：不可能，无法。& 例如：& There is no use in hiding that fact from him ．对他隐瞒那个事实没什么用。& There is no point in arguing further．再争下去也没用。& Is there any point in going on？有必要再继续下去吗？& There was no need for him to remain in Shanghai．他没有必要再留在上海。& There was no sense in making a child suffer like that．让一个孩子受那样的苦是毫无道理的。& There was no mistaking his intentions this time．这回不可能看错他的意图。& Once let this fellow start talking，there was no stopping him．一旦让这个家伙谈起来，就无法让他停下来了。& 5．there与其它动词连用& 除动词be外，其它一些动词也可以与there连用。这些动词有两类：一类是表示存在概念的状态动词，如：exist，remain，live，lie，stand等；一类是表示某事发生或某人到达等概念的不及物动词，如：come，enter，arise，occur，follow，appear等。例如：& There lies a river behind the house．屋后有一条河。& Then there came a knock at the door．然后听到敲门声。& At a later stage there arose new problem swhich seemed insoluble．在后期出现了似乎无法解决的新问题。& There followed an uncomfortable silence．接着是一阵令人难受的沉默。 【同类预测】& it句型和there be 句型在某些时候极易混淆性这一特征，使它们在命题是经常同时出现，对与这样的试题一定要加强分析，找准突破口。 （1）He is getting better. _____ is no need to send for a doctor.& A. There& B. It& C. This& D. That答案：A解析：本题考查it和there be句型易混淆的情况。本题是个there be结构，There is no need to do … = It is not necessary to do…，没有it is no need句型，但有It is no good/use doing…句型，相当于there is no good/use doing…句型。（2）---- Did everyone pass the examination?&& ---- No, _____ only three of them who passed it.& A. there was&&&&&&&&& B. it was& & C. these were&&&&&&&& D. that was答案：B解析：先排除A，因此主谓不一致，在排除C，表示“这是三个通过考试的”应该用表示特指these are the three of them，D中用that就更不对了。所以本题只能选B，是个强调句，“通过考试的就他们中的三个人”五、&如何应对？答：1.根据知识网络将代词的基本用法记牢，这是你做好试题的前提。2.不定代词是代词中最重要、句法作用也是最为活跃的部分之一。因而，在复习中要注意总结、归纳，特别应熟记一批有特点的例句，以加深印象，更加准确地把握其用法。3. 多做练习，能够提高熟悉语境的能力，很多考题是要和语境相联系起来考查的，这方面一定要重视。例1. （08重庆卷）24.―Could we see each other at 3 o’clock this afternoon?&&&&& ---Sorry, let’s make it __ time.&&& A. other’s&&&&&&&& B. the other&& &&& C. another&&&&&&& D. other 【答案】C 。【题源探究】&& 考查another ,other与 others等的区别。【广角思维】& 答语的意思是定在别的某个时候，是表示不确定那个时候，这一特点与another的用法相同，所以答案为C。&& 【易误警示】&&& 没能体会出语境的没有范围这一特点，这样就容易误选B或D【悟彻高考】&& （1）other表示“没有范围的，其他的”，与名词复数连用。如：other books/boys/… another泛指很多中的“另一个”，可作代词或形容词用，代替或修饰单数可数名词。 如：I dont like this hat ,please show me another.（2）the other可作代词或形容词用，指已知的事物或人中的“另一个”，或另一方中的“全& 部其他的”。 如：I have two sisters. One is a student and the other is a worker.I can see only two teachers in the office. Where are the other teachers ?（3）others泛指其他的人或物；the others特指其余的人或物。others常和some对比使用。& 例如：&&&&& Thirty students in our class are boys ,the others are girls.&&&&& Some are carrying water ,others are watering the trees.&& &【同类预测】高考会把该组词“another ,other与 others”的用法的考查与one的用法结合起来进行测试，我们应该注意一些固定句式。如：one thing …… another thing .另外还需注意有可能把这组词的用法与形容词和副词的最高级的用法结合起来。―Excuse me，Pro. Lee．Could you please spare me some time？I want to talk with you&&&&&&& about my paper．&―I'm Sorry，but not now．How about&&&&&&&&&&& time next Monday in my office？&&& A．the other&&& B．some other&&& C．some&&&&& D．other答案：B 解析：别的某个时候some other time=another time。例2：（北京市宣武区学年度第二学期第一次质量检测30） ―When shall I phone you, morning or afternoon?&―&&&&&&&&&&& ,I’ll be in all day.&A. Each&B. Both&C. Neither&D. Either【答案】D。【题源探究】& 考查both，either ，each，neither的区别。【广角思维】&&& 根据语境可以知道是说任何一个都可以，所以答案为D。 【易误警示】&&& 忽略了语境的暗示作用，不能判断出正确的答案。 【悟彻高考】&&& both，either ，neither 都表两者范围，在句中作主语、宾语、定语 ，both可用作同位语。　　both 意为\"两者都\"，either 表\"两者中任一个\"，neither表\"两者都不\"。 【同类预测】&& 对both，either ，each的考查是测试不定代词这一语法知识时的一个命题的热点，他们之间的用法极易混淆，这一问题能体现我们的分析问题和解决问题的能力。---- Which do you like better, a CD player or a walk-man?&& ---- _____. I prefer a portable computer.& A. No one& B. Either& C. None& D. Neither答案：D解析：根据本题的意思是要求在CD player和walkman两者之间作出选择，因此先排除A、C两选项，因为no one = nobody，用来指代人，而none用来指代三者或以上的人或物中的“没有一个”。neither表示两者都不，是全否定，而either表示两者中的任何一个，与否定词连用也表示全否定“任何一方都不”。两个词都表示单数，在句中作主语、宾语和定语，如：Neither of the answers is right. 两个答案都不对。I don’t like either of the pictures. 我不喜欢这两幅画中的任何一幅。例3：（2007 四川卷） Little joy can equal ________ of a surprising ending when you read stories. & A. that&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. those&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. any&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D.& some【答案】A 。【题源探究】&&& 本题考查一组代词的用法。【广角思维】&&& 句意：几乎没有什么乐趣能比上在故事时。读到一个出乎意料的结局。That 作代词可以代替前面的不可数名词或可数名词单数形式，并且特指。此外that代替前面的joy.【易误警示】& 不清楚joy为不可数名词。That 为代词在此进行替代。&& 【悟彻高考】& 替代词 it(they),one(ones)和that(those)的用法一. one和it代词one和it都可以代替上文中提到的可数名词，但one指代的是与上文中提到的同类物（复数用ones,主格和宾格相同）；而it指代的是上文提到的同一物品（复数用they（主格）和them（宾格）。如：.Mary needs a new dictionary. She is going to buy ones.The new designs are much better than the old ones.I want this computer, but I can't pay for it.二. one(ones)和that(those)这几个代词都可以代替上文中提到的名词，但使用时应注意以下几点：1.替代不可数名词时用that,或者省略不用名词，或者重复那个名词，但不可用one来代替。If you haven't got fresh milk, I'll take some tinned (milk).I prefer green tea to black (tea).The water in that well is cleaner than that in this well.2.替代单数可数名词时用one和that均可，但泛指用one(相当于a/an+名词）；特指时用that（相当于the+名词）。I haven't got a computer, and I've decided to buy one.（表泛指，one=a computer)The computer is different from the one we are using.（表特指，the one或that=the computer)3. one(ones)可以有形容词等前置修饰语，也可以有后置修饰语（of短语除外）；而that(those)不能有前置修饰语，它（们）的修饰语只能后置。I don't wan I want the red ones.A wide and busy road which was built like a bridge over another road fell onto the one below.Many people were killed in their cars, but a few lucky ones were not hurt.This machine is better than that we bought last year.4.后跟of短语时，一般只能用that(those)The light of the sun is much greater than that of the moon.【同类预测】替代词 it(they),one(ones)和that(those)的用法是代词知识中最难掌握的一个知识点，很多试卷对代词进行测试时都选择这一知识点进行命题。（1）The information on the Internet gets around much more rapidly than ____ in the newspaper. A. it&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. those&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. one&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. that答案：D解析：考查代词的用法。此考点是高考常考知识点，要求学生掌握 that, those, it, one 及the ones 的用法。句意：网上的信息比报纸上的信息传播的要快得多。根据句意。前后比较的内容都是“information”,但指代不同的内容，A 选项it 指代同类同物。B，C，D 三个选项所指代的是同类不同事物，但“information”时不可数名词，故B，C排除；因此选D。（2）The best job is&&&&&&& which uses your skill in doing something together with your interest in the subject. A. something&&&& B. the one&&&& C. one&&&&&& D. it答案：C 解析：该句中缺少一个先行词，A，B项也可做先行词，但引导词应用that，因此正确选项为C。(3)Cars do cause us some health problems ― in fact far more serious _____ than mobile phones do.& A. one& B. ones& C. it& D. those答案：B解析：本题考查的是不定代词的用法。根据题意“汽车确实给我们带来一些健康问题 ― 实际上比手机带来的问题严重得多”，可见比较对象是problems，用ones指代上文提到的事物中的“某些”，than mobile phones do是than those problems mobile phones cause的省略。巩固•应用测试1.――How much vinegar did you put in the soup?&& ――I’m sorry to say, ____. I forget.& A. no&&&& B. no one C. nothing&&& D. none答案：D& 本题考查不定代词的本意区别及其与语境综合运用。此处none指的是not any vinegar，也就是说，此处可以这样理解：I’m sorry to say that I didn’t put any vinegar in the soup, because I forgot it.2. He is only too ready to help others, seldom, ____, refusing them when they turn to him.A. if never B. if ever C. if not D. if any答案：B& 本题考查考生在语境中灵活运用、辨析短语用法的能力，此处seldom，if ever是一个短语，是“从不，决不”的意思。3. ____ children tend to prefer sweets to meat.A. The most&& B. Most&&& C. Most of&&& D. The most of the答案：B& 这里Most相当于Most of the，表示“大多数”。The most表示“最……”，与句子意思不符。4. Will you see to ____ that my birds are looked after well while I’m away?A. them&& B. yourself&&&& C. it&&&&& D. me答案：C& 考查it作形式宾语的用法。5. I spent the whole day repairing the motorbike. The work was ____ simple.A. nothing but B. anything but C. something of& D. all except答案：B& anything but意为“一点也不”；nothing but等于only意为“正是，只是”，根据上文提供的语境，“这项工作很麻烦”。6. ――Who is making so much noise in the garden?&&&& ――____ the children.A. There are B. They are C. That is D. It is答案：D& 这是一个强调句，后面省略了“that are making so much noise in the garden”。7. ――Do you have anything in mind ____ you’d like for supper?&&&& ――Well, ____ is okay with me.A. anything&&&& B. everything C. whatever&&& D. something答案：A& 第一句是that引导的定语从句，先行词为不定代词anything，关系代词只能用that。第二句中的anything用在肯定句中，意为“任何东西”，含有“无一例外”之意。8. ――What is the man over there?&&&& ――I don’t know for sure. But I think he can be ____ but a teacher.A. anybody B. anything C. nobody D. nothing答案：B& 本题考查句子的意思和短语的用法：anything but的意思是“根本不是”；结合句子，可以这样理解：“我还不能确定他的身份，但我敢断定，他根本不是教师”。9.& ---- Do you have _____ at home?&& ---- No, we still have to get several pounds of fruit and some tea.& A. something& B. everything& & C. anything&& D. nothing答案：B& 根据下句“不，还需要若干磅水果和茶叶”可知上文问的是“一切都齐全了吗？”，因此用everything，everything表示“一切事物；事事”，是单数。10. ---- Do you worship “The Grassland” and “The Space Dreams” by James?&& ---- I should if _____ of them were written lively.& A. either& B. each& C. neither& D. all答案：B. 本题首先要突破主谓一致这一解题瓶颈。句中的谓语是were，一般情况下根据主谓一致原则，A、B、C中的代词都不能选，但D中的all是指代三个或以上的事物，而题干中只提到The Grassland和The Space Dreams两本书，因此all似乎也不对。那么唯一使这四个选项中有一个可以被选的可能性就是本句是虚拟语气，这样一来就突破了were设置的瓶颈。然后排除D，因为这项是指代三个或以上的事物，再根据题意“如果这两本数都写得生动的话，我想我会欣赏的”，排除A、C，因为either of them“随便哪一本”，neither of them“两本都不”，只有each of them表示“每本都”。
&文 章 来源 莲山 课件 w w w.5 Y
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