L.A. TRIBAL :: PHILLIP GARAWAY
Philip Garaway Native Arts
Philip Garaway
For private appointments please call 310-577-8555.
Inquiries can be sent to:
P.O. Box 1020
Venice, California 90294
Philip Garaway has been dealing in museum-quality antique Native American art for the past 36 years. Over the past 25 years he has also built a solid reputation as a dealer in early classic Western and California Plein Air paintings. Philip’s first introduction to Native American culture came, when as a teenager, his parents moved from Los Angeles to the Monument Valley area in Northeastern Arizona where they were school teachers on the Navajo Indian Reservation. Through his early contacts with contemporary weavers and historic trading families on the reservation, Philip began buying and selling rugs. Soon he was holding shows in American cities across the country. In 1983, Philip opened The Native American Art Gallery in Venice, California. The gallery developed a national and international clientele with a reputation for handling historic pieces of exceptional quality. He lectures at institutions including the Southwest Museum, the Autry National Center, the Bowers Museum, UCLA, and the National Museum of Wildlife Art in Wyoming and many more. Philip continues his parents’ legacy by volunteering to speak to children at local grade schools about Native American culture and history.
All art pieces purchased through Philip Garaway come with a certificate that guarantees their authenticity. In addition, Mr. Garaway offers professional appraisal, restoration, curatorial, and private brokering services. We are always looking to purchase single objects or complete collections.
Below is a partial list of the material we handle:
Navajo Weavings 19th century classic wearing blankets Chiefs’ blankets Serapes Germantown weavings Transitional blankets Regional floor rugs of all sizes Pueblo Pottery 19th century historic pottery: ollas, bowls, canteens, etc. from the Zuni, Acoma, Hopi, Cochiti, San Domingo, San Ildefonso, Santa Clara, and Zia pueblo tribes. Noted 20th century potters such as Hopi revivalist Nampeyo, Maria of San lldefonso, Lucy Lewis of Acoma, and Margaret Tafoya of Santa Clara pueblo and others. Vintage Hopi and Zuni Kachina Dolls.
Inuit art from Okvik/Old Bering Sea, Punuk, Thule, to Historic 19th century Material.
Baskets (from all Western tribes) Attu, Aleutian, Tlingit, Salish, Wasco, Yurok-Karok, Hupa, Pomo, Maidu, Washo, Yokuts, California Mission, Panamint, Hopi, Apache, Pima, etc.
Northern and Southern Plains Material Historic beadwork and quillwork Painted hide objects, pipe bags, moccasins, horse paraphernalia, etc. Western Paintings (19th & early 20th century) Important noted painters and paintings from the Taos/Santa Fe School and California Plein Air paintings.您当前的位置： &在线做题&
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剑桥雅思阅读真题辑 5 TEST FOUR PASSAGE 1:The Impact of Wilderness Tourism
The market for tourism in remote areas is booming as never before. Countries all&across the world are actively promoting their 'wilderness' regions - such as&mountains, Arctic lands, deserts, small islands and wetlands - to high-spending&tourists. The attraction of these areas is obvious: by definition, wilderness tourism&requires little or no initial investment. But that does not mean that there is no cost.
As the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development&recognized, these regions are fragile (i.e. highly vulnerable to abnormal pressures)&not just in terms of their ecology, but also in terms of the culture of their inhabitants.The three most significant types of fragile environment in these respects, and also in&terms of the proportion of the Earth's surface they cover, are deserts, mountains and&Arctic areas. An important characteristic is their marked seasonality, with harsh&conditions prevailing for many months each year. Consequently, most human&activities, including tourism, are limited to quite clearly defined parts of the year.
Tourists are drawn to these regions by their natural landscape beauty and the&unique cultures of their indigenous people. And poor governments in these&isolated areas have welcomed the new breed of 'adventure tourist', grateful for&the hard currency they bring. For several years now, tourism has been the prime&source of foreign exchange in Nepal and Bhutan. Tourism is also a key element in&the economies of Arctic zones such as Lapland and Alaska and in desert areas&such as Ayers Rock in Australia and Arizona's Monument Valley.
Once a location is established as a main tourist destination, the effects on the local&community are profound. When hill-farmers, for exatnple, can make more money&in a few weeks workin8: as porters for foreign trekkers than they can in a year&working in their fields, it is not surprising that many of them give up their&farm-work, which is thus left to other members of the family. In some hill-regions,&this has led to a serious decline in farm output and a change in the local diet,&because there is insufficient labour to maintain terraces and irri8;ation systems and&tend to crops. The result has been that many people in these regions ha've turned&to outside supplies of rice and other foods.
&In Arctic and desert societies, year-round survival has traditionally depended on&hunting animals and fish and collecting fruit over a relatively short season.However, as some inhabitants become invoived in tourism, they no longer have&time
this has led to increasing dependence on bought food&and stores. Tourism is not always the culprit behind such changes. AlI kinds of&wage labour, or government handouts, tend to undermine traditional survival&systems. Whatever the cause, the dilemma is always the same: what happens if&these new, external sources of income dry up?
& The physical impact of visitors is another serious problem associated with the&growth in adventure tourism. Much attention has focused on erosion along major&trails, but perhaps more important are the deforestation and impacts on water&supplies arising from the need to provide tourists with cooked food and hot showers.In both mountains and deserts, slow-growing trees are often the main sources of fuel&and water supplies may be limited or vulnerable to degradation through heavy use.
Stories about the problems of tourism have become legion in the last few years. Yet&it does not have to be a problem. Although tourism inevitably affects the region in&which it takes place, the costs to these fragile environments and their local cultures&can be minimized. Indeed, it can even be a vehicle for reinvigorating local cultures,as has happened with the Sherpas of Nepal's Khumbu Valley and in some Alpine
villages. And a growing number of adventure tourism operators are trying to ensure&that their activities benefit the local population and environment over the long term.
& &In the Swiss Alps, communities have decided that their future depends on&integrating tourism more effectively with the local economy. Local concern about&the rising number of second home developments in the Swiss Pays d'Enhaut&resulted in limits being imposed on their growth. There has also been a&renaissance in communal cheese production in the area, providing the locals with&a reliable source of income that does not depend on outside visitors.
& Many of the Arctic tourist destinations have been exploited by outside&companies, who employ transient workers and repatriate most of the profits to&their home base. But some Arctic communities are now operating tour businesses&themselves, thereby ensuring that the benefits accrue locally. For instance, a native&corporation in Alaska, employing local people, is running an air tour from&Anchorage to Kotzebue, where tourists eat Arctic food, walk on the tundra and&watch local musicians and dancers.
&& Native people in the desert regions of the American Southyest have followed&similar strategies, encouraging tourists to visit their pueblosrnd reservations to&purchase high-quality handicrafts and artwork. The Acoma and San Ildefonso&pueblos have established highly profitable pottery businesses, while the Navajo&and Hopi groups have been similarly successful with jewellery.
&Too many people living in fragile environments have lost control over their&economies, their culture and their environment when tourism has penetrated their&homelands. Merely restricting tourism cannot be the solution to the imbalance,because people's desire to see new places will not just disappear. Instead,&communities in fragile environments must achieve greater control over tourism&ventures in their regi&ns, in order to balance their needs and aspirations with the&demands of tourism* A growing number of communities are demonstrating that,&with firm communal decision-making, this is possible. The critical question now is&whether this can become the norm, rather than the exception.
Questions l-3
Reading Passage &has three sections, A-C
Wrte the correct heading for each section from the list of headings below
Choose the correct number i-vi in boxes l-3 0n your answer sheet
l & Section A
2& &Section B
3& Section C
Questions 4-9
Do the following statements reflect the opinion of the writer of Reading Passage ?
In boxes 4-9 0n your answer sheet, write
YES & &if the statement reflects the opinion of the writer
NO & &&if the statement contradicts the opinion of the writer
NOT GIVEN & &&if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
4&&& The low financial cost of setting up wilderness tourism makes it attractive to many&countries.
YES NO NOT GIVEN 5& Deserts, mountains and Arctic regions are examples of environments that are both&ecologically and culturally fragile.
YES NO NOT GIVEN 6& Wilderness tourism operates throughout the year in fragile areas.
YES NO NOT GIVEN 7&& The spread of tourism in certain hill-regions has resulted in a fall in the amount of&food produced locally.
YES NO NOT GIVEN 8& Traditional food-gathering in desert societies was distributed evenly over the year
YES NO NOT GIVEN 9&& Government handouts do more damage than tourism does to traditional patterns of&food-gathering.
YES NO NOT GIVEN 10Questions 10-13
Complete the table below
Choose ONE WORD from Reading Passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 10-13 0n your answer sheet
The positive ways in which some local communities have respondended to tourism
People/Location
Swiss Pays d'Enhaut
Arctic communities
Acoma and San lldefonso & & &&
Navajo and Hopi
Revived production of 10._____
Operate 11 _____businesses
Produce and sell& 12 _____
Produce and sell 13 _____
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做本套题目的考友还做了以下考题：
剑桥雅思阅读真题辑 5 TEST ONE PASSAGE
剑桥雅思阅读真题辑 4 TEST FOUR PASSAGE
剑桥雅思阅读真题辑 6 TEST THREE PASSAG
剑桥雅思阅读真题辑 4 TEST TWO PASSAGE
剑桥雅思阅读真题辑 5 TEST TWO PASSAGE
剑桥雅思阅读真题辑 4 TEST ONE PASSAGE
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托莱多全部景点中排第12名
前10位点评有双倍穷币奖励哦~
圣依德方索教堂是托累多最经典的巴洛克式风格寺院，也是耶稣会教徒的静修之地。这座教堂有不同的叫法，lglesia de san lldefonso 或者lglesia de Los Jesuitas，lglesia de 就是某某教堂的意思，Jesuitas是耶稣会，是天主教的主要修会之一，San lldefonso是托莱多在七世纪时的主教。教堂整体感觉比较亮堂，教堂的塔楼也算一处制高点，是在城中俯瞰街景的好地方。
Plaza del Padre Juan de Mariana, 1 45002 Toledo, Espa?a
+34 925 25 15 07
所属分类：
去过这里的穷游er还喜欢去
按综合顺序
这个教堂是个巴洛克风格的教堂，本身在托莱多算不上太有特色的建筑，但教堂的两个钟楼上可以眺望到托莱多全景，风景令人窒息，十分推荐。
圣依德方索教堂在托莱多不是热门景点，人很少。可是，看多了黑暗的教堂，这里面亮堂的的白墙让人心情大好。教堂设了铁梯供游客登顶，从不同的角度看托莱多。塔顶比较窄，塔楼四周还布置了铁丝网，所以拍人像会受阻。但是看全景还是非常推荐！
我很懒，懒到已经不想去对照地图看看照片上的这座教堂叫什么名字了。反正入门费也是2.3欧，我们没有进去。在这里几步就是一座教堂，一块稍微开阔一点的小地方地名就是某某Plaza…
这座教堂有不同的叫法，lglesia de san lldefonso 或者lglesia de Los Jesuitas，lglesia de 就是XX教堂的意思，Jesuitas是耶稣会，是天主教的主要修会之一，San lldefonso是托莱多在七世纪时的主教。教堂整体感觉比较亮堂，教堂的塔楼也算一处制高点，是在城中俯瞰街景的好地方。门票2.5欧，但是可以买那个6个景点（包括这里和圣胡安皇家修道院、光明耶稣清真寺、Salvador教堂）的8欧联票，我们但是就没注意，傻乎乎去了其中4个地方，付了10欧。
巴洛克风格建筑，一座古老的教堂，很喜欢托莱多这座古老的石头城。
41位穷游er去过这里
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剑桥雅思阅读真题5test4reading1
看够了网上层出不穷的雅思阅读备考技巧，可能有些刚刚接触雅思考试的烤鸭想要更多的了解雅思阅读素材，本文为大家带来剑桥雅思阅读真题5test4reading1，供大家参考。
剑桥雅思阅读真题5,剑桥雅思阅读真题
　　虽然有难度，但是同学们也不能因此而对自己失去信心，多了解一些雅思阅读素材其实对备考雅思阅读还是很有帮助的。剑桥雅思阅读真题5test4reading1的内容，分享给大家。
　　Reading
　　READING PASSAGE 1
　　You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage I on the following pages.
　　Questions 1-3 Reading Passage I has three sections, A-C.
　　Choose the correct heading for each section from the list of headings below. Write the correct number i-vi in boxes 1-3 on your answer sheet.
　　List of Headings
　　iThe expansion of international tourism in recent years
　　iiHow local communities can balance their own needs with the demands of wilderness tourism
　　iiiFragile regions and the reasons for the expansion of tourism there
　　ivTraditional methods of food-supply in fragile regions
　　vSome of the disruptive effects of wilderness tourism
　　viThe economic benefits of mass tourism
　　1 Section A
　　2 Section B
　　3 Section C
　　The Impact of Wilderness Tourism
　　The market for tourism In remote areas is booming as never before. Countries all across the world are actively promoting their 'wilderness' regions - such as mountains, Arctic lands, deserts, small islands and wetlands & to high-spending tourists. The attraction of these areas Is obvious: by definition, wilderness tourism requires little or no Initial investment. But that does not mean that there is no cost. As the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development recognized, these regions are fragile (i.e. highly vulnerable to abnormal pressures) not just in terms of their ecology, but also In terms of the culture of their inhabitants. The three most significant types of fragile environment in these respects, and also in terms of the proportion of the Earth's surface they cover, are deserts, mountains and Arctic areas. An important characteristic is their marked seasonality, with harsh conditions prevailing for many months each year. Consequently, most human activities, including tourism, are limited to quite clearly defined parts of the year.
　　Tourists are drawn to these regions by their natural landscape beauty and the unique cultures of their indigenous people. And poor governments in these isolated areas have welcomed the new breed of 'adventure tourist', grateful for the hard currency they bring. For several years now, tourism has been the prime source of foreign exchange in Nepal and Bhutan. Tourism is also a key element in the economies of Arctic zones such as Lapland and Alaska and in desert areas such as Ayers Rock in Australia and Arizona's Monument Valley.
　　Once a location is established as a main tourist destination, the effects on the local community are profound. When hill-farmers, for example, can make more money in a few weeks working as porters for foreign trekkers than they can in a year working in their fields, it is not surprising that many of them give up their farm-work, which is thus left to other members of the family. In some hill-regions, this has led to a serious decline in farm output and a change in the local diet, because there is insufficient labour to maintain terraces and irrigation systems and tend to crops. The result has been that many people in these regions have turned to outside supplies of rice and other foods.
　　In Arctic and desert societies, year-round survival has traditionally depended on hunting animals and fish and collecting fruit over a relatively short season. However, as some inhabitants become Involved in tourism, they no longer have time
this has led to increasing dependence on bought food and stores. Tourism is not always the culprit behind such changes. All kinds of wage labour, or government handouts, tend to undermine traditional survival systems. Whatever the cause, the dilemma is always the same: what happens If these new, external sources of income dry up?
　　The physical impact of visitors is another serious problem associated with the growth In adventure tourism. Much attention has focused on erosion along major trails, but perhaps more important are the deforestation and impacts on water supplies arising from the need to provide tourists with cooked food and hot showers. In both mountains and deserts, slow-growing trees are often the main sources of fuel and water supplies may be limited or vulnerable to degradation through heavy use.
　　Stories about the problems of tourism have become legion in the last few years. Yet it does not have to be a problem. Although tourism inevitably affects the region in which it takes place, the costs to these fragile environments and their local cultures can be minimized. Indeed, it can even be a vehicle for reinvigorating local cultures, as has happened with the Sherpas of Nepal's Khumbu Valley and in some Alpine villages. And a growing number of adventure tourism operators are trying to ensure that their activities benefit the local population and environment over the long term.
　　In the Swiss Alps, communities have decided that their future depends on Integrating tourism more effectively with the local economy. Local concern about the rising number of second home developments in the Swiss Pays d'Enhaut resulted in limits being imposed on their growth. There has also been a renaissance in communal cheese production In the area, providing the locals with a reliable source of income that does not depend on outside visitors.
　　Many of the Arctic tourist destinations have been exploited by outside companies, who employ transient workers and repatriate most of the profits to their home base. But some Arctic communities are now operating tour businesses themselves, thereby ensuring that the benefits accrue locally. For instance, a native corporation In Alaska, employing local people. Is running an air tour from Anchorage to Kotzebue, where tourists eat Arctic food, walk on the tundra and watch local musicians and dancers.
　　Native people In the desert regions of the American Southwest have followed similar strategies, encouraging tourists to visit their pueblos and reservations to purchase high-quality handicrafts and artwork. The Acoma and San lldefonso pueblos have established highly profitable pottery businesses, while the Navajo and Hopi groups have been similarly successful with jewellery.
　　Too many people living in fragile environments have lost control over their economies, their culture and their environment when tourism has penetrated their homelands. Merely restricting tourism cannot be the solution to the imbalance, because people's desire to see new places will not just disappear. Instead, communities In fragile environments must achieve greater control over tourism ventures in their regions, in order to balance their needs and aspirations with the demands of tourism. A growing number of communities are demonstrating that, with firm communal decision-making, this is possible. The critical question now is whether this can become the norm, rather than the exception.
　　Questions 4-9
　　Do the following statements reflect the opinion of the writer of Reading Passage I?
　　In boxes 4 9 on your answer sheet, write
　　YES if the statement reflects the opinion of the writer
　　NO if the statement contradicts the opinion of the writer
　　NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
　　4. The low financial cost of selling up wilderness tourism makes it attractive to many countries.
　　5. Deserls, mountains and Arclic regions ate examples of environments that are both ecologically and culturally fragile.
　　6. Wilderness tourism operates throughout the year in fragile areas.
　　7. The spread of tourism in certain hill-regions has resulted in a fall in the amount of food produced locally.
　　8. Traditional food-gathering in desert societies was distributed evenly over the year.
　　9. Government handouts do more damage than tourism does to traditional patterns of food-gathering.
　　Questions 10-13
　　Complete the table below.
　　Choose ONE WORD from Reading Passage I for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 10-13 on your answer sheet.
　　The positive ways In which some local communities have
　　responded to tourism
　　People/LocationActivity
　　Swiss Pays d'Enhaut
　　Arctic communities
　　Acoma and San lldefonso
　　Navajo and HopiRevived production of 10&&&&&.
　　Operate 11........................businesses
　　Produce and sell 12........................
　　Produce and sell 13........................
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