Congress for Kids: [Constitution]: The Bill of Rights
About the Bill of Rights
A good explanation of each of the rights spelled out in the Bill of Rights.
Celebrate the Constitution
Do you know your rights? After
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document where it belongs.
correct statement in each of the four documents.
Get all four right and you’re a Constitution
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Concentration
- Bill of Rights
Match the first ten amendments of the United States Constitution
to the rights of the citizens that they guarantee. Try to uncover
matching pairs of cards.
Concentration
- U.S. Bill of Rights
Match a protected right with the appropriate amendment in the US
Bill of Rights. Try to uncover matching pairs of cards.
Constitutional
Explore Constitutional rights and learn how these freedoms are protected
by the Bill of Rights and the Amendments.
Flashcards
- Bill of Rights
Match the first ten amendments of the United States Constitution
to the rights of the citizens that they guarantee. Click on the flashcard to flip it over. Press Other Side on Top to start showing the reverse sides of the flashcards first. Press Remove Card to remove the current card from the deck. Press Try Again Later to keep the current card in the deck and
try it again later. Press Restart to put all the cards back
in the deck.
Flashcards
- Bill of Rights
Match the first ten amendments of the United States Constitution
to the rights of the citizens that they guarantee. Click on
the flashcard to flip it over. Press Other Side on Top to
start showing the reverse sides of the flashcards first. Press Remove
Card to remove the current card from the deck. Press Try
Again Later to keep the current card in the deck and try it
again later. Press Restart to put all the cards back in the
Freedom of the Press
Assess what you have learned about the first amendment and the freedom
of the press by taking the practice test including specific questions
and instant feedback. Click on &Chapter Five& to begin
Freedom of
Prayer in school, prayer before high school football games, and
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of church and state? Take the freedom of religion quiz and find
- Bill of Rights
Match the first ten amendments of the United States Constitution
to the rights of the citizens that they guarantee.
- Bill of Rights
Match the first ten amendments of the United States Constitution
to the rights of the citizens that they guarantee. Find the matching
- U.S. Bill of Rights
Match a protected right with the appropriate amendment in the US
Bill of Rights. Find the matching squares.
More About
The Bill of Rights
Print the matching quiz. Look at the bold words in the Amendments
listed. Match each to a word or phrase in the list that has a similar
Quiz - Bill
Answer questions about the first ten ammendments to the Constitution.
Will help you learn about the Bill of Rights and the Constitution.
Reviews the first ten amendments.
WebQuest - Identify current issues connected to the
Bill of Rights and produce a TV ad defending it.
The Bill of Rights Match Game
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secondary!
Constitution Power Grab Game
This activity will increase your knowledge of the Constitution and
it's fundamental ideas: checks and balances, separation of powers,
Bill of Rights and amendments. When finished you will be able to:
identify the three branches of American government, describe the
function of each branch of government, explain how the &checks
and balances& system functions to protect the individual citizen
from illegal power hungary politicians, describe how each branch
of government is &separate& in its powers to the other
branches of government, and explain how the amendments to the Constitution
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官方公共微信From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Bill of Rights in the
The Ninth Amendment (Amendment IX) to the , which is part of the , addresses rights, retained by the people, that are
in the Constitution.
The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.
When the U.S. Constitution was put to the states for
after being signed on September 17, 1787, the
argued that a Bill of Rights should be added. One of the arguments the
gave against the addition of a Bill of Rights, during the debates about ratification of the Constitution, was that a listing of rights could problematically enlarge the powers specified in
of the new Constitution by implication. For example, in
asked, "Why declare that things shall not be done which there is no power to do?" Likewise, James Madison explained to , "I conceive that in a certain degree ... the rights in question are reserved by the manner in which the federal powers are granted" by Article One, Section 8 of the Constitution.
The Anti-Federalists persisted in favor of a Bill of Rights during the ratification debates, but also were against ratification, and consequently several of the state ratification conventions gave their assent with accompanying resolutions proposing amendments to be added. In 1788, the
attempted to solve the problem that Hamilton and the Federalists had identified by proposing a constitutional amendment specifying:
That those clauses which declare that Congress shall not exercise certain powers be not interpreted in any manner whatsoever to extend the powers of Congress. But that they may be construed either as making exceptions to the specified powers where this shall be the case, or otherwise as inserted merely for greater caution.
This proposal ultimately led to the Ninth Amendment.
In 1789, while introducing to the
nineteen draft Amendments,
addressed what would become the Ninth Amendment as follows:
It has been objected also against a , that, by enumerating particular exceptions to the grant of power, it would disparage those rights which were not placed and it might follow by implication, that those rights which were not singled out, were intended to be assigned into the hands of the General Government, and were consequently insecure. This is one of the most plausible arguments I have ever heard against the admission of a bill of rig but, I conceive, that it may be guarded against. I have attempted it, as gentlemen may see by turning to the last clause of the fourth resolution.
Like Alexander Hamilton, Madison was concerned that enumerating various rights could "enlarge the powers delegated by the constitution." To attempt to solve this problem, Madison submitted this draft to Congress:
The exceptions here or elsewhere in the constitution, made in favor of particular rights, shall not be so construed as to diminish the just importance of other rights re or as to enlarge the powers delegated but either as actual limitations of such powers, or as inserted merely for greater caution.
This was an intermediate form of the Ninth Amendment that borrowed language from the Virginia proposal, while foreshadowing the final version.
The final text of the Ninth Amendment, like Madison's draft, speaks of other rights than those enumerated in the Constitution. The character of those other rights was indicated by Madison in his speech introducing the Bill of Rights (emphasis added):
It has been said, by way of objection to a bill of rights....that in the Federal Government they are unnecessary, because the powers are enumerated, and it follows, that all that are not granted by the const that the constitution is a bill of powers, the great residuum being the rights of the people; and, therefore, a bill of rights cannot be so necessary as if the residuum was thrown into the hands of the Government. I admit that these arguments are not entirely without foundation, but they are not as conclusive to the extent it has been proposed. It is true the powers of the general governme they are directed t but even if government keeps within those limits, it has certain discretionary powers with respect to the means, which may admit of abuse.
The First through Eighth Amendments address the means by which the federal government exercises its enumerated powers, while the Ninth Amendment addresses a "great residuum" of rights that have not been "thrown into the hands of the government," as Madison put it. The Ninth Amendment became part of the Constitution on December 15, 1791 upon ratification by three-fourths of the states.
The Ninth Amendment has generally been regarded by the courts as negating any expansion of governmental power on account of the enumeration of rights in the Constitution, but the Amendment has not been regarded as further limiting governmental power. The U.S. Supreme Court explained this, in
(1947): "If granted power is found, necessarily the objection of invasion of those rights, reserved by the Ninth and Tenth Amendments, must fail."
The Supreme Court held in
(1833) that the Amendment was enforceable by the federal courts only against the federal government, and not against the states. Thus, the Ninth Amendment originally applied only to the federal government, which is a government of .
Some jurists have asserted that the Ninth Amendment is relevant to interpretation of the . Justice
(joined by Chief Justice
and Justice ) expressed this view in a concurring opinion in the case of
The Framers did not intend that the first eight amendments be construed to exhaust the basic and fundamental rights.... I do not mean to imply that the .... Ninth Amendment constitutes an independent source of rights protected from infringement by either the States or the Federal Government....While the Ninth Amendment - and indeed the entire Bill of Rights - originally concerned restrictions upon federal power, the subsequently enacted Fourteenth Amendment prohibits the States as well from abridging fundamental personal liberties. And, the Ninth Amendment, in indicating that not all such liberties are specifically mentioned in the first eight amendments, is surely relevant in showing the existence of other fundamental personal rights, now protected from state, as well as federal, infringement. In sum, the Ninth Amendment simply lends strong support to the view that the "liberty" protected by the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendments from infringement by the Federal Government or the States is not restricted to rights specifically mentioned in the first eight amendments. Cf. United Public Workers v. Mitchell, 330 U.S. 75, 94-95.
Since Griswold, some judges have tried to use the Ninth Amendment to justify judicially enforcing rights that are not enumerated. For example, the District Court that heard the case of
ruled in favor of a "Ninth Amendment right to choose to have an abortion," although it stressed that the right was "not unqualified or unfettered."
However, Justice Douglas wrote that, "The Ninth Amendment obviously does not create federally enforceable rights." See
(1973). Douglas joined the majority opinion of the U.S. Supreme Court in Roe, which stated that a federally enforceable right to privacy, "whether it be founded in the Fourteenth Amendment's concept of personal liberty and restrictions upon state action, as we feel it is, or, as the District Court determined, in the Ninth Amendment's reservation of rights to the people, is broad enough to encompass a woman's decision whether or not to terminate her pregnancy."
The Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals stated in Gibson v. Matthews, 926 F.2d 532, 537 (6th Cir. 1991) that the Ninth Amendment was intended to vitiate the maxim of
according to which the express mention of one thing excludes all others:
[T]he ninth amendment does not confer substantive rights in addition to those conferred by other portions of our governing law. The ninth amendment was added to the Bill of Rights to ensure that the maxim expressio unius est exclusio alterius would not be used at a later time to deny fundamental rights merely because they were not specifically enumerated in the Constitution.
has expressed the view, in the dissenting opinion of
530 U.S. 57 (2000), that:
The Declaration of Independence...is not a legal prescription conferring po and the Constitution’s refusal to 'deny or disparage' other rights is far removed from affirming any one of them, and even farther removed from authorizing judges to identify what they might be, and to enforce the judges’ list against laws duly enacted by the people.
shares the view that this amendment does not confer substantive rights: "It is a common error, but an error nonetheless, to talk of 'ninth amendment rights.' The ninth amendment is not a sour it is simply a rule about how to read the Constitution."
gave a speech at the White House on the subject of the Ninth Amendment. He said that the Ninth Amendment refers to "a universe of rights, possessed by the people — latent rights, still to be evoked and enacted into law....a reservoir of other, unenumerated rights that the people retain, which in time may be enacted into law." Similarly, journalist
has argued that the Ninth Amendment "specifically roots the Constitution in a
tradition that says we are born with more rights than any constitution could ever list or specify."
, often considered an , stated during his Supreme Court confirmation hearing that a judge should not apply a constitutional provision like this one if he does no the example Bork then gave was a clause covered by an inkblot. Upon further study, Bork later ascribed a meaning to the Ninth Amendment in his book The Tempting of America. In that book, Bork subscribed to the interpretation of constitutional historian Russell Caplan, who asserted that this Amendment was meant to ensure that the federal Bill of Rights would not affect provisions in state law that restrain state governments.
A libertarian originalist, , has argued that the Ninth Amendment requires what he calls a presumption of liberty. Barnett also argues that the Ninth Amendment prevents the government from invalidating a ruling by either a jury or lower court through strict interpretation of the Bill of Rights.
Still others, such as Thomas B. McAffee, have argued that the Ninth Amendment protects the unenumerated "residuum" of rights which the federal government was never empowered to violate.
According to lawyer and diplomat , the framers of the Constitution and the Ninth Amendment intended that no rights that they already held would be lost through omission. Law professor
took a similar position, though Stimson and Black respectively acknowledged that their views differed from the modern view, and differed from the prevalent view in academic writing.
activists in recent decades have sometimes argued for a fundamental natural
that both predates the U.S. Constitution and is covered by the Constitution's Ninth A according to this viewpoint, the
only enumerates a pre-existing right to keep and bear arms.
The Ninth Amendment explicitly bars denial of unenumerated rights if the denial is based on the enumeration of certain rights in the Constitution, but this amendment does not explicitly bar denial of unenumerated rights if the denial is based on the enumeration of certain powers in the Constitution. It is to that enumeration of powers that the courts have pointed, in order to determine the extent of the unenumerated rights mentioned in the Ninth Amendment.
. . gpo.gov.
(28 May 1788).
James Madison,
(October 17, 1788). Madison often expressed this idea, for example in a
dated December 5, 1789 ("If a line can be drawn between the powers granted and the rights retained, it would seem to be the same thing, whether the latter be secured by declaring that they shall not be abridged, or that the former shall not be extended").
(June 26, 1788).
James Madison, (June 8, 1789).
Roe v. Wade,
Roe v. Wade,
(1973). . Retrieved .
Laurence H. Tribe, American Constitutional Law 776 n. 14 (2nd ed. 1998).
Bernard Bailyn,
, , pg. 28 (2007)
Randy E. Barnett (November 2006). . Texas Law Review (UT Law School Publications) 85 (1): 1–82.
Thomas B. McAffee, , 1996 B.Y.U. Law Rev. 351 (via archive.org).
Frederic Jesup Stimson, , 2004, Introductory, Lawbook Exchange Ltd, . According to Stimson:
It was at first believed by our greatest judges and jurists that the whole English Constitution was implied in the Federal Constitution ; that there is, as it were, an unwritten Constitution which we inherited in America and which consisted, not only of the English Constitution where not expressly altered by our own, but of all matters of natural right and justice. Doubtless this is the intended meaning of the Ninth Amendment…. Such is not, perhaps, the modern view ; but the question has become, in fact, academic, for the reason that in 120 years of interpretation our Supreme Court has ever found some clause in the Federal Constitution into which to read any English constitutional principle not therein expressly altered.
Charles Lund Black, , 1999, p. 10, Yale University Press, . According to Black, "The Academic writing on this amendment seems to me in great part a multidirectional fluttering flight from the Amendment’s rather plain meaning….”
Nicholas Johnson, , 24 Rutgers L.J. 1, 64-67 (1992).
. See also Jenkins v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue,
(2d Cir 2007).
(2005). . Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.  .
(2007). . Perseus Books Group.  .
Lash, Kurt T. (2009). . Oxford University Press.  .
Barnett, Randy. "", Texas Law Review, Vol. 85, p. 1 (2006).
Barnett, Randy. "", Stanford Law Review, Vol. 60 (2008).
Lash, Kurt. "", Texas Law Review, Vol. 83 (2004).
Lash, Kurt. "", Texas Law Review, Vol. 83 (2005).
Lash, Kurt. "", Stanford Law Review, Vol. 60, p. 906 (2008).
McConnell, Michael. "", Cato Supreme Court Review 13 ().
Williams, Ryan. "", Columbia Law Review, Vol. 111, p. 498 (2011).(315) 228-7000
Colgate University
Forbes Lists
#34 in Private Colleges
#25 in the Northeast
#44 in Grateful Grads
Forbes Financial Grade: A
Founded in 1819, Colgate University is a small liberal arts college in Hamilton, NY, which FORBES named the No. 11 Friendliest Town in America in 2012. Colgate offers 54 majors and minors, with each student expected to complete a liberal arts core curriculum prior to graduation. The most popular careers that graduates pursue are financial services, health & medicine and technology & computing. Columbia, Harvard and Boston Universities are among the top graduate schools alumni go on to attend. The Global Leaders lecture series has featured speakers such as Hillary and Bill Clinton, Sir Richard Branson and the Dalai Lama.
Colgate’s lucky number is 13 and the student and alumni community celebrate every Friday the 13th as Colgate Day. Its center for career services offers funding for students who take unpaid or underpaid internships, and allocated nearly $500,000 to working students this summer. Colgate’s Thought Into Action program supports budding student entrepreneurs and this year’s E-Weekend welcomed Ashton Kutcher and a panel for a “Shark Tank”-style program.
More on Forbes
A poll released today by the conservative Hudson Institute and the liberal group Public Citizen finds that nearly 9 in 10 voters surveyed favor clear rules that define political activities by non-profit tax-exempt organizations. The public’s desire for clarity is not surprising, given the amount of undisclosed campaign money that is flooding
One of the backbones of American philanthropy is the community foundation, which plays a variety of critical roles in building and protecting a community. These community foundations operate in every state in the nation. Personally, I’ve been receiving an education since I joined the Board of the Community Foundation of Utah as a volunteer.
Graduates of the class of 2014 were recently handed the most expensive sheet of paper they will ever own—a college diploma. Along with earning their degrees, college students today are expected to graduate with work experience on their resumes, primed and ready for the job market. Undergrads can find resources to offset the cost of their college
Need a hint about that nasty four-letter word I’m alluding to in the title? Well, it has to do with money. Can you guess? Need another hint? Baby Boomers grew up in a generation that simply didn’t discuss money. So, what’s the result? Poor financial management, which is now permeating the Millennial generation. And, what has this caused? That
Among parents of children 6-17, almost three-quarters (71%) agree, “I wish my children would do more things that did not involve screen time.”
Seeing how as we’re talking about screen time, custom demands that we create some sort of polarization. We should set it up in opposition to something more pure, more morally acceptable, more
Wearable devices are making their way into our professional and personal lives. Fitness trackers (Fitbit, Jawbone, Nike), eyewear (Google Glass, Microsoft Hololens, MetaPro), smart watches (Pebble, Fitbit Surge, Apple Smartwatch) , clothing with sensors (Athos smart pants, AiQ), and the like, are all examples of wearable devices. Gartner
Is there a point in having high school teachers deliver in-person lectures anymore with the advent of online lectures? This question was originally answered on Quora by Hadi Partovi.
Every year the crop of candidates applying to top MBA programs becomes more and more competitive. Many applicants may think that the ideal candidate from the perspective of the admissions committee is largely based on a formula of numbers such as GPA and GMAT score. Although these numbers are important, top programs are looking for more: a
In 2013 and 2014, sobriety returned to the world of education and the luster of MOOCs faded some. As I wrote about Coursera last year, although the company held intriguing promise, realizing its potential would require some big pivots.
K12, Inc. similarly stormed through the early 2000s by bringing online learning to the world of K-12
Obama’s failed attempt to gut 529 college savings plans – which he not only praised as a Senator and in The Audacity of Hope, but used to pay for his daughters’ future college education – shows the President’s peculiar insensitivity to how the “middle class families” he vowed to help actually use the stock market to better their lives.
Student Body
Asian/Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander
Black or African American
Hispanic/Latino
Two or More Races
Race/Ethnicity Unknown
Non-Resident Alien
Athletic Divison
NCAA Division I-AA
Percent of Student Body that is a Varsity Athlete
Media Buzz
Colgate University on:
Campus Media
Complete Academic Data
Private not-for-profit (no religious affiliation)
Carnegie Classification
Baccalaureate Colleges--Arts & Sciences
Student Faculty Ratio
Total Student Population (Graduate + Undergraduate)
Undergraduate Population
American Indian or Alaska Native
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian/Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander
Asian/Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander
Black or African American
Black or African American
Hispanic/Latino
Hispanic/Latino
Two or More Races
Two or More Races
Race/Ethnicity Unknown
Race/Ethnicity Unknown
Non-Resident Alien
Non-Resident Alien
Complete Tuition Data
In-State Tuition
Out of State Tuition
Books and Supplies
Room and Board
Other Expenses
Off Campus
Off Campus With Family
Out-of-State
Off Campus
Off Campus With Family
Complete Financial Aid Data
Total Grant Aid Received by Student Body
$11,290,154
Percent of Student Receiving Any Financial Aid
Percent of Student Receiving Any Grants
Other Federal
Other Federal
State/Local
State/Local
Institutional
Institutional
Average Grant Aid Received
Percent Receiving Any Loans
Non-Federal
Non-Federal
Student Body Receiving Any Loans
Average Amount of Loan
Complete Admissions Data
Undergraduate Application Fee
Number of Applicants
Percent Admitted
Percent Admitted Who Enrolled
Percentage of Applicants Submitting SAT
Critical Reading
25th Percentile
75th Percentile
Percentage of Applicants Submitting ACT
Critical Reading
25th Percentile
75th Percentile
Complete Student Life Data
Calendar System
Campus Housing Offered
Religious Affiliation
Not applicable
Campus Setting
Out-of-State
65 and Over
Complete Athletic Data
Athletic Division
NCAA Division I-AA
Percentage of Student Body that is a Varsity Athlete
Men's Teams
Women's Teams
Average Salary
Total of Head Coaches' Salaries
Men's Teams
Women's Teams
Basketball
$1,478,880
$1,362,309
$2,841,189
$4,757,988
Total Expenses of All Sports Combined
$10,523,588
$7,705,517
$18,229,105
Grand Total Expenses
$21,515,988
Men's Teams
Women's Teams
Basketball
$1,478,879
$1,362,309
$2,841,188
$4,757,990
Total Revenues of All Sports Combined
$4,286,720
$6,343,208
$10,629,928
Grand Total Revenues
$21,515,988
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