I like helping myhis brother hasat his English.这句话是对的吗?

该句型中的为系动词后常接表语,用来修饰限定名词或代词的词短语或从句,简单谓语由一个动词或动词短语构成,宾补可由名词形容词副词不定式分词介词短语和从句充当,复合句含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。英语句子类型讲解及练习2017-07-12 03:37:10
#1楼回目录英语句子类型一、分类1)按照句式结构分为三种:简单句、并列句、复合句2)按照句子功能分为四类:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句第一节简单句一、定义:简单句只包含一个主语或并列主语和一个谓语或并列谓语构成的句子,且句子的各个成分都是由单词或短语来组成的。二、分类:类型1:S+V。该句型中谓语动词为不及物动词,后面不可接宾语,但可接状语或其他成分例:Nobodywentout.Thechildrenareplaying.Westudyhard.类型2:S+V+O.该句型中的谓语为及物动词,后面必须接宾语,且只能接一个宾语。例:Weloveourcountry.Theoldwomanlooksafterthebabycarefully.Hedreamedaterribledreamlastnight.类型3:S+V+O(人)+O(物)该句型中的动词为双宾语动词,后面必须接两个宾语。该类动词主要有:give,show,send,pass,lend,return,promise,owe;make,buy,do,fetch,paint,save,spare,find等例:Hegavehissisterthepiano.Hegavethepianotohissister.Heboughthiswifeacoat.Heboughtacoatforhiswife.类型4:S+V+O+C该句型中的谓语动词后面必须接宾语,且还要用一个补足语来补充说明宾语的状态。例:Ifoundthebookeasy.Theteachertoldustostudyhard.Weheardhimsinging.类型5:S+L+P该句型中的L为系动词,后常接表语。注意:1)该句型无被动;2)无进行;3)作非谓语时常用V-ing形式。例:Theflowerisbeautiful.Heisateacher.系动词分类:1)变化系动词:turn,become,grow,fall,get,go,come,run等例:Shebecomesalawyer.Sheturnslawyer.2)状态系动词:be,seem,remain,stay,stand,keep等例:Healwayskeptsilentatmeeting.3)感官系动词:feel,smell,sound,taste,look,appear等例:Themilktastessour.Theclothfeelssoft.4)终止性系动词:prove,turnout等例:Hisplanturnedoutasuccess.第二节句子成分在句子中起着不同语法作用的部分,叫做句子成分。句子成分有9种:主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语、同位语、插入语。1、主语(subject):表示句子描述的对象。通常是谓语动词的动作执行者。通常有名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词、从句等充当。Thestudentsworkedveryhard.TheyarefromAmerica.80%ofthestudentsinourclaaregirls.TolearnEnglishisverydifficultforus.=ItisdifficultforustolearnEnglish.Swimminginthelakeisdangerous.Whathesaidistrue.2、谓语动词:主语的动作或具有的状态与特征。构成形式如下:1)简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。ShepracticesspeakingEnglisheveryday.Thewomantakesgoodcareofthebaby.Ihavegotridofsmoking.2)复合谓语形式1:由情态动词或助动词+动词构成。Youmaygonow.Hehascaughtabadcold.Wearegoingtovisittheoldtowntomorrow.3)复合谓语形式2:由系动词+表语构成。WearestudentsShebecomesfamous.Thelittlegirlisafraidofthesnake.4)复合谓语形式3:情态动词+系动词+表语Itwillbewasted.Hemustbewrong.Wewillbefreetomorrow.5)复合谓语形式4:被动句的谓语动词。Marywasseentoswimacrotheriver.Theywereexpectedtofinishtheworkassoonaspossible.3、表语:用来说明主语的身份、特征和状态的成分。一般在系动词之后。表语可由下列结构充当:名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语及表语从句。Theyoungmanhasturnedthief.Alloftheseareyours.Theflowerisbeautiful.Thefilmismoving.Wearemovedbythefilm.Herjobistolookafterthebaby.MyjobisteachingEnglish.Tomwasoutthen.Thefactisthathepassedtheexamsuccessfully.4、宾语:表示动作承受的对象。可由下列结构充当:名词、代词、数词、动名词、不定式、宾语从句等。Heboughtanewcar.Theheavysnowpreventedherfromgoingtoschool.Sheenjoyslisteningtomusic.Idon’tknowhowtogetthere.Ithinkthatheisoldenoughtojointhearmy.5、宾补:英语中有少数及物动词后除了接一个宾语外,还必须有一个宾语补足语对宾语进行补充说明,这样才能使句子的意义完整,这类动词被称为“复合及物动词”,常见的动词有:make,consider,find,get,have,let等。Thebomadeuswork14hourseveryday.Wefoundthedoglyingontheground.Wepaintedourhousewhite.Wefoundhimkilledthenextmorning.6、定语:用来修饰限定名词或代词的词、短语或从句。通常由下列结构充当:形容词、分词、名词,代词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语等。Sheisabeautifulgirl.Mybookisold.Morethan30studentsinourclaarefromabroad.Heisthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.Theteachingbuildingisunderconstruction.Thegirlinwhiteismysister.7、状语:用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分。通常由副词、介词短语、不定式、分词、名词、形容词或状语从句等充当。Sheusedtositforhoursquietly.Hehaslivedinthecountrysidefor20years.Thetreeistootallfortheboytoclimbup.Encouragedbytheteacher,shemadeuphermindtolearnEnglishwell.Whereveryougo,whateveryoudo,Iwillwaitforyou.8、同位语(appositive):对前面的名词或代词做进一步的解释,通常由名词、数词、代词或从句来充当。ThisisMr.Zhou,ourheadmaster.Thequestionwhoshoulddotheworkisstillindiscussion.9、插入语(parenthesis):对一句话作一些附加的解释;通常由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、现在分词或从句来充当。Tobefrank,Idon’tquiteagreewithyou.第三节并列句一、概念:有两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起,构成的句子叫做并列句。例:*:1、并列句中两个简单句相互之间没有结构的所属关系,只是在语意上存在一定的联系。2、并列连词的确定取决于分句之间的语意关系二、类型:1)顺承并列句;2)转折并列句;3)选择并列句;4)因果并列句;5)条件或结果并列句1、顺承并列句:表示两个同等的概念,常由:and,notonly…butalso等连接例:Theytalkedhappily,andtheyforgottocooksupper.Notonlydidthestudentssing,butalsotheteachersings.2、转折并列句:表示两个分句在语意上转折。常由:but,while,yet,nevertheless等连接例:Heworkedhard,yethefailed.Someproblemsareeasywhileothersaredifficult.3、选择并列句:常由or,either…or,otherwise等连接例:EitheryouleavethishouseorIwillcallthepolice.Imustworkmuchharder,otherwiseIcan’tcatchupwiththeotherclassmates.4、因果并列句:常由for,so,therefore等连接例:Itwaslate,sowewenthome.It’sgoingtorain,fortheskyisdark.Itrained,thereforethefootballmatchwasputoff.5、条件或结果并列句:例:Hurryup,orwe’llmithetrain.Workhardandyou’llsucceedintime.第四节复合句一,概念:用一个句子作另一个句子的某个成分(主、表、宾、同、定、状),两个句子有所属关系,含有这种结构的句子被称为复合句。例:Whenweshallholdameetingisstillaquestion.Thequestioniswhenweshallholdameeting.Wearediscussingwhenweshallholdameeting.Thequestionwhenweshallholdameetingisnotdecided.Thequestionwearediscussingiswhenweshallholdameeting.Thequestionwillbediscussedwhenweshallholdameeting.*:1)所有的从句必须有相应的从句引导词,有些从句引导词可以省略;2)所有的从句语序要顺承,不能倒装。分类:1.形容词性从句(定语从句)。例。Thisisthemanwhomwehavetalkedabout.Thenotewasleftbyjhon,whowashereamomentago.2.名词性从句(主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句).例。Whathesaidwasnottrue.Chinaisnotwhatitusedtobe.Idon`tknowwhysherefusedmyinvitation.Thenewsthattheywonthematchistrue.3.副词性从句(状语从句)。Iwilltellhimwhenhecomesback.ThereareplentyofsheepwhereIlive.IdoitbecauseIlikeit.IgotupearlyinorderthatIcouldcatchthefirstbus.Itwasverycoldsothattheriverfroze.I`llcomeovertoseeyouifIhavetime.HespeaksEnglishasifhewereanativespeaker.Heisnotsocleverashisfather.练习:一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分:二,判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句:1.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.2.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.5.HeisinClaOneandIaminClaTwo.6.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.7.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.8.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant,isn’tit?9.Thefarmerisshowingtheboyhowtoplantatree.10.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.11.Thereisachairinthisroom,isn’tthere?12.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenintheevening.13.Ihopeyouareverywell。14.I'mfine,buttired.15.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm.16.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.17.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.18.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelightsofourtractors.19.WegrowriceinthesouthoftheStates,butinthenorthwhereitiscoldertheygrowwheat.20.Wehavealotofmachinesonthefarm.21.Althoughthefarmislarge,myDadhasonlytwomenworkingforhim.22.Butheemploysmoremenfortheharvest.23.Mybrothertakescareofthevegetablegarden.24.Itdoesn'toftenraininthesummerhere.25.Asaresult,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden.26.Everyeveningwepumpwaterfromawell.27.Itthenrunsalongchannelstodifferentpartsofthegarden.28.MostSaturdayeveningsthereisaparty,evenatharvesttime.29.Thesepartiesoftenmakeusveryhappy.30.Wecookmeatonanopenfireoutside.31.It'sgreat!32.Americanseatalotofmeat―toomuchinmyopinion.33.Someofmyfriendsdrinkbeer.34.Idon't,becauseIhavetodrivehomeaftertheparty.35.InyourletteryouaskedaboutthetimeindifferentareasoftheStates.36.TherearefivedifferenttimeareasintheStates.37.InmystatewearefourteenhoursbehindBeijingtime.38.HowmanydifferenttimeareasdoyouhaveinChina?39.Well,Imuststopandgetsomesleep.40.Pleasegivemybestregardstoyourparents.高中英语句子成分和句子类型讲解及配套练习2017-07-12 03:38:47
#2楼回目录句子成分:(一)句子成分的定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。(二)主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在therebe结构、疑问句(当主语不是疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如:Duringthe1990s,Americanhasbecomemo。reandmorepopular.(名词)(代词)(数词)intheriverisagreatpleasure.(不定式)doesharmtothehealth.(动名词)shouldhelpthepoor.(名词化的形容词)hasnotbeendecided.(主语从句)isnecessary(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)(三)谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下:1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:He2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如:Youthebookfortwoweeks.He(2)由系动词加表语构成。如:We(四)表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如:OurteacherofEnglishisan(名词)Isit?(代词)Theweatherhasturned.(形容词)ThespeechisThreetimessevenis?(数词)Hisjobis(不定式)Hishobby(爱好)is.(动名词)Themachine(介词短语)Timeis.(副词)Thetruthis(表语从句)(五)宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承受者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如:Theywenttoseean(展览)yesterday.(名词)Theheavyrainpreventedfromcomingtoschoolontime.(代词)Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihave(数词)Theyhelpedwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.(名词化形容词)Hepretended(不定式短语)Ienjoy.(动名词短语)Ithink((宾语从句)宾语种类:(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:Lendmeyourdictionary,please.(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.(六)宾语补足语:英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补足语,才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补)。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如:HisfathernamedhimDongming.(名词)Theypaintedtheirboat.(形容词)Letthefreshair.(副词)Youmustn’tforcehimWesawher(现在分词)Wefoundeverythinginthelab(介词短语)Wewillsoonmakeourcity(七)定语:修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示:Guilinisa(形容词)Chinaisacountry.(分词)Therearethirtyteachersisourschool.(名词)rapidprogreinEnglishmadeussurprised.(代词)Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirst(不定式短语)Theplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.(动名词)Heisreadinganarticle.(介词短语)(八)状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。可由以下形式表示:Lighttravels.(副词及副词性词组)Hehaslivedinthecity(介词短语)Heisproud(不定式短语)HeisintheroomWait.(名词),youmustcontinue.(状语从句)状语种类如下:Howaboutmeetingagain?(时间状语)Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedanceparty.(原因状语)Ishallgothere.(条件状语)MrSmithlives(地点状语)Sheputtheeggsintothebasket.(方式状语)Shecamein.(伴随状语),Imustworkharder.(目的状语)Hewassotired.(结果状语)Sheworksveryhard.(让步状语)Iamtaller.(比较状语)简单句、并列句和复合句(一)句子种类两种分类法1、按句子的用途可分四种:1)陈述句(肯定、否定):Heissixyearsold;Shedidn’thearofyoubefore.2)疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反意):Dotheylikeskating?Howoldishe?Ishesixorsevenyearsold?Marycanswim,can’tshe?3)祈使句:Becareful,boys;Don’ttalkinclass4)感叹句:Howclevertheboyis!2、按句子的结构可分三种:1)简单句:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。e.g.HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.TomandMikeareAmericanboys.Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers.2)并列句:由并列连词(and,but,or等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。e.g.Youhelphimandhehelpsyou.Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。3)复合句:含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含:名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)、定语从句和状语从句等。e.g.TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.(二)简单句的五种基本句型1、主语+系动词+表语:e.g.Heisastudent.2、主语+不及物动词:e.g.Wework.3、主语+及物动词+宾语:e.g.Henryboughtadictionary.4、主语+及物动词+双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语):e.g.Myfatherboughtmeacar.5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语(宾语+宾补):e.g.Tommadethebabylaugh.注:其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。主语---动词----表语:在这一句型中,动词是系动词,划线部分为表语。名词作表语)形容词作表语)现在分词作表语)过去分词作表语)介词短语作表语)副词作表语)动词不定式作表语)动名词作表语)从句作表语,即:表语从句)注意:在下面的句子中,形容词作表语,在表语的后面常常接不定式结构。I’mhappytomeetyou.Theyarewillingtohelp.Wearedeterminedtofollowhisexample.主语―――动词:在这一句型中,动词为不及物动词及不及物的动词词组。在有的句子中,不及物动词可以有状语修饰。1.Thesunisrising.2.I’lltry.3.Didyousleepwell?(well做状语,修饰不及物动词sleep)4.Theenginebrokedown.注意:在此句型中,有少数不及物动词表达被动含义,表达主语本身所具有的特性,不用被动语态。1.Thebooksellswell.2.Thewindowwon’tshut.3.Thepenwritessmoothly.4.Cheesecutseasily.主语―――动词―――宾语:在此句型中,动词为及物动词,划线部分为宾语。?(名词或代词作宾语)2.Ican’texpre反身代词作宾语)同源宾语)4.Wecan’tafford不定式作宾语)(动名词作宾语)从句作宾语,即:宾语从句)注意:并不是所有的及物动词都可以接上述各种情况作宾语,不同的动词有不同的用法,所以,在学习动词时,一定要掌握其用法。主语―――动词―――宾语―――宾语:在此句型中,动词可以称作双宾语动词,在英语中,这样的动词并不多,在学习中遇到时,要牢记。后面的宾语为间接宾语和直接宾语,其中,间接宾语在前,一般表人,直接宾语在后,一般表物。这类句型有三种情况。第一种情况,间接宾语可以改为由to引导的短语。1.Hehandedmealetter.Hehandedalettertome.2.Shegavemehertelephonenumber.Shegavehertelephonenumbertome.第二种情况,间接宾语可以改为由for引导的短语。3.Shesangusafolksong.Shesangafolkforus.4.Shecookedusadeliciousmeal.Shecookedadeliciousmealforus.第三种情况,直接宾语可以由宾语从句充当。 http://www.oh100.com lhimI’mout.6.CanyouinformmewhereMiGreenlives?主语―――动词―――宾语―――宾语补足语:在此句型中的动词,叫做可以跟复合宾语的动词,在英语中,这样的动词也不多。后面的宾语补足语是说明宾语的情况的,宾语和宾语补足语一起被称作复合宾语。这个句式是英语中比较复杂的一个句式,因为复合宾语的构成内容较多。下面句子中划线部分为宾语补足语。形容词作宾补)名词作宾补)介词短语作宾补)副词作宾补)?(不定式作宾补)作宾补)不定式的完成式作宾补)不定式的进行式作宾补)(不带to的不定式作宾补)现在分词作宾补)过去分词作宾补)注意:在这个结构中,可以出现用it作形式上的宾语,把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语的后面。在此结构中,宾语常常是动词不定式或宾语从句。1.Hefeltithisdutytomentionthistoher.分析:it是形式宾语,hisduty是宾语补足语,tomentionthistoher是真正的宾语。2.Ithinkitbestthatyoushouldstaywithus.分析:it是形式宾语,best是宾语补足语,thatyoushouldstaywithus是真正的宾语。3.therebe句型是一种特殊的句子,真正的主语在后面,含义为“有”①谓语动词和主语保持一致:Thereisatelevisioninthesittingroom.②有两个或更多的主语时,动词一般和最近的一个保持一致:Therearetwogirlsandaboydancinginthehall.③主语的后面有时有修饰语:Therearealotofdifficultiesfacingus.Thereweremanythingstobedone(此处也可以使用todo).④谓语动词be可以有时态的变化:Therewillbeaconcertintheparktonight.Therewaslittlechangeinhim.⑤谓语也可以有不定式构成的复合谓语。Thereusedtobeacinemahere.Thereseemstobesomethingthematterwithher.Istheregoingtobeanyactivitytonight?⑥therebe句式变疑问句,把be提前;变反意疑问句也要借助there。Isthereanyhopeofgettingthejob?Thereisnothingwrongwithyourwatch,isthere?⑦therebe句型中也可以使用诸如:live,follow,come,stand,sit,exist等不及物动词:Onceuponatime,therelivedafishermanontheisland.Therecameaknockatthedoor.Atthetopofthehilltherestandsanoldtemple.⑧用于非谓语的情况下,有时用不定式的复合结构theretobe或动名词的复合结构和独立主格结构therebeing:Youwouldn’twanttheretobeanotherwar.(不定式的复合结构)Theteacherwassatisfiedwiththerebeingnomistakesinhishomework.(动名词的复合结构)Therebeingnothingelsetodo,wewenthome.(独立主格结构)(三)并列句的分类并列句基本概念:并列复合句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。两个简单句常由并列连接词连在一起;但有时不用连接词,只在两个简单句之间用一逗号或分号。1、表示连接两个同等概念,常用and,notonly…butalso…,neither…nor…,then等连接。e.g.Theteacher’snameisSmith,andthestudent’snameisJohn.2、表示选择,常用的连词有or,either…or…,otherwise等。e.g.Hurryup,oryou’llmithetrain.3、表示转折,常用的连词有but,still,however,yet,while,when等。e.g.Hewasalittlemanwiththickglasses,buthehadastrangewayofmakinghisclasseslivelyandinteresting.4、表示因果关系,常用的连词有so,for,therefore等。e.g.Augustisthetimeoftheyearforriceharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.主从复合句:1、概念:主从复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句为句子的主体,从句只用作句子的一个次要成分,不能独立成为一个句子。从句通常由关联词引导,并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。2、分类:从句按其在复合句中的作用,分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语、定语从句和状语从句等。一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分:判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句:1.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.2.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.5.HeisinClaOneandIaminClaTwo.6.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.7.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.8.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant,isn’tit?9.Thefarmerisshowingtheboyhowtoplantatree.10.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.}

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