Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun t 英语长难句解析 - 朗播网
Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun t
Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.
句子分析（俗称“长难句分析”）是训练提高基础阅读能力的有效手段。我们通过对托福(TOEFL)、雅思(IELTS)、GRE、考研以及四六级等考试中真实出现过的句子（如真题、TPO，剑桥系列）进行结构化分析，可以有效提升句子理解的准确性和效率。朗播通过近百万的用户实际数据分析发现，练习 300-400 个句子，会让阅读能力有显著提升。请按顺序阅读句子，并思考：
1. 句子属于哪种结构类型？简单句？并列复合句？主从复合句？
2. 句子由哪些子句构成，连接这些子句的关联词是什么？
3. 每个子句中各个语法成分分别是哪些？
4. 句子的中文意思是什么？
1. 并列复合句
2. 原句中的各个子句，子句类型以及连接词
Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities.
Some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.
3. 句子成分
Happily, [状语] the older and more continental view of legal education [主语] is establishing [谓语] itself [宾语] in a number of Canadian universities. [状语]
Some [主语] have even begun [谓语] to offer undergraduate degrees in law. [宾语]
4. 句子翻译
Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities.
可喜的是，加拿大的许多大学正在建立更传统、更具欧洲大陆特色的法律教育观点。
Some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.
有的大学甚至已经开始授予法学学士学位。
Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.
可喜的是，加拿大的许多大学正在建立更传统、更具欧洲大陆特色的法律教育观点，有的大学甚至已经开始授予法学学士学位。
马上分享给同学:
根据朗播专家权威分析，句子“Happily, the older and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun t 英语长难句解析 ”主要针对以下知识点进行考查，关于这些知识点的讲解如下：
仍然有疑问？去
并列复合句
并列复合句含有两套或者更多相互并列的主谓结构的句子。
①W air has weight too, but it is very light.
②Heat is energy, so is electricity.
并列句是构成并列复合句的简单句。
①I like action movies but I don't like thrillers.
②Take the chance, or else you will regret it.
宾语是指一个动作（动词）的接受者，分为直接宾语和间接宾语两大类，直接宾语指动作的直接对象，间接宾语说明动作的非直接，但受动作影响的对象。一般而言，及物动词后面最少要有一个宾语，而该宾语通常为直接宾语，有些及物动词要求两个宾语，则这两个宾语通常一个为直接宾语，另一个为间接宾语。
①He didn't say anything.
②We sent him a letter.
谓语对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明,指出“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”。
①It is used
by travelers and business people all over the world.
②I made your birthday cake last night.
主语是句子陈述的对象，说明是谁或什么，表示句子说的是"什么人"或"什么事"。
①My school is not far from my house.
②To do such a job needs more knowledge.
状语是谓语里的另一个附加成分,从情况、时间、处所，方式、条件、对象，肯定、否定、范围和程度等方面对谓语中心（或者整个句子）进行修饰或限制。
①In a way, any hypothesis is a leap into the unknown.
②It extends the scientist's thinking beyond the known facts.
同样有并列句的句子
并列复合句并列复合句并列复合句并列复合句并列复合句
长难句分析是训练提高基础阅读能力的有效手段。熟练掌握 300 个左右的长难句，可有效解决托福阅读速度慢、读不懂的问题。
轻松扫一扫，有趣又有料
请选择发起聊天的方式：iOS 内购最新讲解iOS 内购最新讲解小众fashion圈百家号一.总说内购的内容1.协议、税务和银行业务 信息填写2.内购商品的添加3.添加沙盒测试账号4.内购代码的具体实现5.内购的注意事项二.协议、税务和银行业务 信息填写2.1、协议、税务和银行业务 信息填写 的入口协议、税务和银行业务 信息填写 的入口2.2、选择申请合同类型进入协议、税务和银行业务页面后，会有3种合同类型，如果你之前没有主动申请过去合同，那么一般你现在激活的合同只有iOS Free Application一种。页面内容分为两块：Request Contracts(申请合同)Contracts In Effect(已生效合同)。合同类型分为3种：iOS Free Application(免费应用合同)iOS Paid Application(付费应用合同)iAd App NetNetwork(广告合同)这里我们主要主要讲一下付费应用合同的申请流程。付费应用合同的申请流程2.3、申请iOS Paid Application合同(协议、税务和银行业务3个都要填写)协议、税务和银行业务2.4、Contact Info(填写联系方式)填写联系方式如果你没有添加过联系人，你需要通过Add New Contact按钮来添加一个新的联系人。然后指定联系人的职务，职务如下：Senior Management：高管Financial：财务Technical：技术支持Legal：法务Marketing：市场推广如果你是独立开发者，可以全部填你自己一个人。2.5、填写银行信息填写银行信息选择你的银行账户，如果你没有，点击旁边的Add Bank Account添加一个账户。下面是添加一个账户的流程。2.5.1、选择银行所在的国家选择银行所在的国家2.5.2、填写银行标识CNAPS Code如果你不知道CNAPS Code是多少，可以百度搜CNAPS Code来查询，查询时会根据3个关键信息来查询，如下：Bank Name：银行的英文名称(不能是拼音)City：银行所在的城市英文名称(中国的城市用拼音)Postal Code：邮编然后在下面就会出来备选的银行，选择正确的银行后，点击next，进入下一步。百度搜CNAPS Code来查询银行信息的填写2.5.3、确认银行信息确认银行信息2.5.4、填写银行账号信息Bank Account Number：银行账号Confirm Bank Account Number：再次输入银行账号Account Holder Name：持卡人姓名，中文名用拼写，名在前，姓在后Bank Account Currency：货币类型，一般国内的开发者选择CNY填写银行账号信息2.5.5、确认所有信息确认所有信息2.6.填写税务信息(这个内容比较多)2.6.1.税务信息这一块了解不是很多，不过因为是国内开发者，可以不用太费心，税务信息分3种：U.S Tax Forms：美国税务Australia Tax Forms：澳大利亚税务Canada Tax Forms：加拿大税务税务信息2.6.2.一堆条约　　我选择的是U.S Tax Forms，选择后会问你两个问题：第1个问题如下：询问你是否是美国居民，有没有美国伙伴关系或者美国公司，如果没有直接选择No。询问你是否是美国居民，有没有美国伙伴关系或者美国公司，如果没有直接选择No接下来第二个问题如下：询问你有没有在美国的商业性活动，没有也直接选No接下来第二个问题如下：询问你有没有在美国的商业性活动，没有也直接选No2.6.3.然后填写你的税务信息，包括以下几点：Individual or Organization Name：个人或者组织名称Country of incorporation： 所在国家Type of Beneficial Owner：受益方式，独立开发者选个人Permanent Residence：居住地址Mailing address：邮寄地址Name of Person Making this Declaration：声明人Title：头衔填写你的税务信息2.6.4.打钩打钩2.6.5.澳大利亚的不要管了澳大利亚的不要管了2.6.6.加拿大的也不用管了加拿大的也不用管了2.7.填写完成填写完成2.8.待审核你填写完所有资料后，合同状态就会变成Processing，　大概24小时内就会有结果。三.内购商品的添加3.1.创建内购商品创建内购商品3.2.选择内购类型3.2.1.消耗型商品：类似游戏中的钻石，还有现在某些APP中的货币，比如斗鱼里的鱼丸、映客里的映票。会被消耗的，要选择消耗型商品注意：大多数的消耗型商品都是需要登录的，因为需要在数据库存余额。需要注意的是：在登录之前，你最好不要让用户看到商品，有可能会因为这个原因被拒（大家都说看运气）3.2.2.非消耗型商品：无法被消耗的商品，比如上文提到的视频课程，一次购买，就应该永久可以观看注意：当你使用非消耗型商品时，你需要添加一个恢复购买的按钮这个常见于各种游戏中，其实知道这个规定以后还是挺好理解的，非消耗型商品是不可被消耗的，一次购买终身使用的，非消耗型的商品是跟appleId绑定的，就是你平时下载APP让你输入账号密码的内个。你需要一个恢复购买的按钮，来让用户恢复他购买的内容3.2.3.订阅类型商品：如果你的公司是外包公司，有订阅类型商品的APP一定要用客户的账号提交审核，因为当APP中有过订阅类型商品，注意是有过，创建过再删除也算，这个APP无法被转移账号注意：使用或曾经使用过订阅型商品的APP无法转移选择内购类型具体内购类型选择语言FA40E42F-400E-4A85-949A-ED90C9B6B475.png3.3.创建好的产品创建好的产品3.4.在上线的时候记得添加内购的商品添加内购商品选择内购产品之后的状态四.添加沙盒测试账号4.1.添加沙盒测试的入口添加沙盒测试的入口4.2.添加沙盒测试账号添加沙盒测试账号4.3.具体的测试账号信息填写具体的测试账号信息填写五.内购代码的具体实现(这才是大家所期望看到的)5.1.我创建了一个购买金币的内购控制器ApplePayCIOViewController在此,我仅仅向大家贴出.m的详细代码5.2.内购的流程详细讲解5.2.1. 用户先拿到购买产品的单子，5.2.2.拿着单子去苹果那里交钱，交完钱让苹果在单子上盖个章5.2.3.拿着盖了章的单子传给自己的服务器来验证是否真的支付成功5.2.4.根据服务器返回的信息做具体的处理内购的流程详细讲解5.3.上代码5.3.1..先导入StoreKit.framework库；5.3.2.创建ApplePayCIOViewController，遵守协议&SKPaymentTransactionObserver,SKProductsRequestDelegate&5.3.3.ApplePayCIOViewController.m代码#import "ApplePayCIOViewController.h"#import &StoreKit/StoreKit.h&// 产品的ID#define ProductID1 @"CIOCourses1"@interface ApplePayCIOViewController ()&SKProductsRequestDelegate,SKPaymentTransactionObserver&{NSString *selectProductID;}@end@implementation ApplePayCIOViewController-(void)viewWillAppear:(BOOL)animated{[super viewWillAppear:animated];// 添加观察者[[SKPaymentQueue defaultQueue] addTransactionObserver:self];}-(void)viewWillDisappear:(BOOL)animated{[super viewWillDisappear:animated];// 移除观察者[[SKPaymentQueue defaultQueue] removeTransactionObserver:self];}- (void)viewDidLoad {[super viewDidLoad];self.title = @"内购";self.navigationItem.rightBarButtonItem = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc]initWithTitle:@"测试" style:UIBarButtonItemStylePlain target:self action:@selector(test)];// 恢复购买的按钮UIButton * revert = [[UIButton alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(20, 100, 100, 80)];[revert setBackgroundColor:JKRandomColor];[revert addTarget:self action:@selector(replyToBuy) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];[self.view addSubview: revert];self.view.backgroundColor =[UIColor redColor];}#pragma mark 恢复购买(主要是针对非消耗产品)-(void)replyToBuy{[[SKPaymentQueue defaultQueue] restoreCompletedTransactions];}#pragma mark 测试内购-(void)test{if([SKPaymentQueue canMakePayments]){// productID就是你在创建购买项目时所填写的产品IDselectProductID = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@",ProductID1];[self requestProductID:selectProductID];}else{// NSLog(@"不允许程序内付费");UIAlertView *alertError = [[UIAlertView alloc] initWithTitle:@"温馨提示"message:@"请先开启应用内付费购买功能。"delegate:nilcancelButtonTitle:@"确定"otherButtonTitles: nil];[alertError show];}}#pragma mark 1.请求所有的商品ID-(void)requestProductID:(NSString *)productID{// 1.拿到所有可卖商品的ID数组NSArray *productIDArray = [[NSArray alloc]initWithObjects:productID, nil];NSSet *sets = [[NSSet alloc]initWithArray:productIDArray];// 2.向苹果发送请求，请求所有可买的商品// 2.1.创建请求对象SKProductsRequest *sKProductsRequest = [[SKProductsRequest alloc]initWithProductIdentifiers:sets];// 2.2.设置代理(在代理方法里面获取所有的可卖的商品)sKProductsRequest.delegate =// 2.3.开始请求[sKProductsRequest start];}#pragma mark 2.苹果那边的内购监听-(void)productsRequest:(SKProductsRequest *)request didReceiveResponse:(SKProductsResponse *)response{NSLog(@"可卖商品的数量=%ld",response.products.count);NSArray *product = response.if([product count] == 0){NSLog(@"没有商品");}for (SKProduct *sKProduct in product) {NSLog(@"pro info");NSLog(@"SKProduct 描述信息：%@", sKProduct.description);NSLog(@"localizedTitle 产品标题：%@", sKProduct.localizedTitle);NSLog(@"localizedDescription 产品描述信息：%@",sKProduct.localizedDescription);NSLog(@"price 价格：%@",sKProduct.price);NSLog(@"productIdentifier Product id：%@",sKProduct.productIdentifier);if([sKProduct.productIdentifier isEqualToString: selectProductID]){[self buyProduct:sKProduct];}else{//NSLog(@"不不不相同");}}}#pragma mark 内购的代码调用-(void)buyProduct:(SKProduct *)product{// 1.创建票据SKPayment *skpayment = [SKPayment paymentWithProduct:product];// 2.将票据加入到交易队列[[SKPaymentQueue defaultQueue] addPayment:skpayment];// 3.添加观察者，监听用户是否付钱成功(不在此处添加观察者)//[[SKPaymentQueue defaultQueue] addTransactionObserver:self];}#pragma mark 4.实现观察者监听付钱的代理方法,只要交易发生变化就会走下面的方法-(void)paymentQueue:(SKPaymentQueue *)queue updatedTransactions:(NSArray&SKPaymentTransaction *& *)transactions{/*SKPaymentTransactionStatePurchasing,
正在购买SKPaymentTransactionStatePurchased,
已经购买SKPaymentTransactionStateFailed,
购买失败SKPaymentTransactionStateRestored,
回复购买中SKPaymentTransactionStateDeferred
交易还在队列里面，但最终状态还没有决定*/for (SKPaymentTransaction *transaction in transactions) {switch (transaction.transactionState) {case SKPaymentTransactionStatePurchasing:{NSLog(@"正在购买");}case SKPaymentTransactionStatePurchased:{NSLog(@"购买成功");// 购买后告诉交易队列，把这个成功的交易移除掉[queue finishTransaction:transaction];[self buyAppleStoreProductSucceedWithPaymentTransactionp:transaction];}case SKPaymentTransactionStateFailed:{NSLog(@"购买失败");// 购买失败也要把这个交易移除掉[queue finishTransaction:transaction];}case SKPaymentTransactionStateRestored:{NSLog(@"回复购买中,也叫做已经购买");// 回复购买中也要把这个交易移除掉[queue finishTransaction:transaction];}case SKPaymentTransactionStateDeferred:{NSLog(@"交易还在队列里面，但最终状态还没有决定");}default:}}}// 苹果内购支付成功- (void)buyAppleStoreProductSucceedWithPaymentTransactionp:(SKPaymentTransaction *)paymentTransactionp {NSString * productIdentifier = paymentTransactionp.payment.productI// NSLog(@"productIdentifier Product id：%@", productIdentifier);NSString *transactionReceiptString=//系统IOS7.0以上获取支付验证凭证的方式应该改变，切验证返回的数据结构也不一样了。NSString *version = [UIDevice currentDevice].systemVif([version intValue] &= 7.0){// 验证凭据，获取到苹果返回的交易凭据// appStoreReceiptURL iOS7.0增加的，购买交易完成后，会将凭据存放在该地址NSURLRequest * appstoreRequest = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:[[NSBundle mainBundle]appStoreReceiptURL]];NSError *error =NSData * receiptData = [NSURLConnection sendSynchronousRequest:appstoreRequest returningResponse:nil error:&error];transactionReceiptString = [receiptData base64EncodedStringWithOptions:NSDataBase64EncodingEndLineWithLineFeed];}else{NSData * receiptData = paymentTransactionp.transactionR//
transactionReceiptString = [receiptData base64EncodedString];transactionReceiptString = [receiptData base64EncodedStringWithOptions:NSDataBase64EncodingEndLineWithLineFeed];}// 去验证是否真正的支付成功了[self checkAppStorePayResultWithBase64String:transactionReceiptString];}- (void)checkAppStorePayResultWithBase64String:(NSString *)base64String {/* 生成订单参数，注意沙盒测试账号与线上正式苹果账号的验证途径不一样，要给后台标明 *//*注意：自己测试的时候使用的是沙盒购买(测试环境)App Store审核的时候也使用的是沙盒购买(测试环境)上线以后就不是用的沙盒购买了(正式环境)所以此时应该先验证正式环境，在验证测试环境正式环境验证成功，说明是线上用户在使用正式环境验证不成功返回21007，说明是自己测试或者审核人员在测试*//*苹果AppStore线上的购买凭证地址是： https://buy.itunes.apple.com/verifyReceipt测试地址是：https://sandbox.itunes.apple.com/verifyReceipt*///
NSNumber *NSString *#if (defined(APPSTORE_ASK_TO_BUY_IN_SANDBOX) && defined(DEBUG))//sandbox = @(0);sandbox = @"0";#else//sandbox = @(1);sandbox = @"1";#endifNSMutableDictionary *prgam = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init];;[prgam setValue:sandbox forKey:@"sandbox"];[prgam setValue:base64String forKey:@"reciept"];/*请求后台接口，服务器处验证是否支付成功，依据返回结果做相应逻辑处理0 代表沙盒
1代表 正式的内购最后最验证后的*//*内购验证凭据返回结果状态码说明21000 App Store无法读取你提供的JSON数据21002 收据数据不符合格式21003 收据无法被验证21004 你提供的共享密钥和账户的共享密钥不一致21005 收据服务器当前不可用21006 收据是有效的，但订阅服务已经过期。当收到这个信息时，解码后的收据信息也包含在返回内容中21007 收据信息是测试用（sandbox），但却被发送到产品环境中验证21008 收据信息是产品环境中使用，但却被发送到测试环境中验证*/NSLog(@"字典==%@",prgam);}#pragma mark 客户端验证购买凭据- (void)verifyTransactionResult{// 验证凭据，获取到苹果返回的交易凭据// appStoreReceiptURL iOS7.0增加的，购买交易完成后，会将凭据存放在该地址NSURL *receiptURL = [[NSBundle mainBundle] appStoreReceiptURL];// 从沙盒中获取到购买凭据NSData *receipt = [NSData dataWithContentsOfURL:receiptURL];// 传输的是BASE64编码的字符串/**BASE64 常用的编码方案，通常用于数据传输，以及加密算法的基础算法，传输过程中能够保证数据传输的稳定性BASE64是可以编码和解码的*/NSDictionary *requestContents = @{@"receipt-data": [receipt base64EncodedStringWithOptions:0]};NSError *// 转换为 JSON 格式NSData *requestData = [NSJSONSerialization dataWithJSONObject:requestContentsoptions:0error:&error];// 不存在if (!requestData) { /* ... Handle error ... */ }// 发送网络POST请求，对购买凭据进行验证NSString *verifyUrlS#if (defined(APPSTORE_ASK_TO_BUY_IN_SANDBOX) && defined(DEBUG))verifyUrlString = @"https://sandbox.itunes.apple.com/verifyReceipt";#elseverifyUrlString = @"https://buy.itunes.apple.com/verifyReceipt";#endif// 国内访问苹果服务器比较慢，timeoutInterval 需要长一点NSMutableURLRequest *storeRequest = [NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL:[[NSURL alloc] initWithString:verifyUrlString] cachePolicy:NSURLRequestUseProtocolCachePolicy timeoutInterval:10.0f];[storeRequest setHTTPMethod:@"POST"];[storeRequest setHTTPBody:requestData];// 在后台对列中提交验证请求，并获得官方的验证JSON结果NSOperationQueue *queue = [[NSOperationQueue alloc] init];[NSURLConnection sendAsynchronousRequest:storeRequest queue:queuecompletionHandler:^(NSURLResponse *response, NSData *data, NSError *connectionError) {if (connectionError) {NSLog(@"链接失败");} else {NSError *NSDictionary *jsonResponse = [NSJSONSerialization JSONObjectWithData:data options:0 error:&error];if (!jsonResponse) {NSLog(@"验证失败");}// 比对 jsonResponse 中以下信息基本上可以保证数据安全/*bundle_idapplication_versionproduct_idtransaction_id*/NSLog(@"验证成功");}}];}@end六.内购的注意事项6.1.一般发生于首次提交app或添加新商品，当你的app通过审核以后，你发现在生产环境下获取不到商品，这是因为app虽然过审核了，但是内购商品还没有正式添加到苹果的服务器里，耐心等待一段时间就可以啦～6.2. 代码中的_currentProId所填写的是你的购买项目的的ID，这个和第二步创建的内购的productID要一致；本例中是 123。6.3. 在监听购买结果后，一定要调用[[SKPaymentQueue defaultQueue] finishTransaction:tran];来允许你从支付队列中移除交易。6.4. 沙盒环境测试appStore内购流程的时候，请使用没越狱的设备。6.5. 请务必使用真机来测试，一切以真机为准。6.6. 项目的Bundle identifier需要与您申请AppID时填写的bundleID一致，不然会无法请求到商品信息。6.7. 真机测试的时候，一定要退出原来的账号，才能用沙盒测试账号6.8. 二次验证，请注意区分宏， 测试用沙盒验证，App Store审核的时候也使用的是沙盒购买，所以验证购买凭证的时候需要判断返回Status Code决定是否去沙盒进行二次验证，为了线上用户的使用，验证的顺序肯定是先验证正式环境，此时若返回值为21007，就需要去沙盒二次验证，因为此购买的是在沙盒进行的。6.9.您的应用是否处于等待开发者发布（Pending Developer Release）状态？等待发布状态的IAP是无法测试的。6.10.您的内购项目是否是最近才新建的，或者进行了更改？内购项目需要一段时间才能反应到所有服务器上，这个过程一般是一两小时，也可能再长一些达到若干小时。6.11.您在iTC中Contracts, Tax, and Banking Information项目中是否有还没有设置或者过期了的项目？不完整的财务信息无法进行内购测试。6.12.您是在越狱设备上进行内购测试么？越狱设备不能用于正常内购，您需要重装或者寻找一台没有越狱的设备。6.13.您的应用是否是被拒状态（Rejected）或自己拒绝（Developer Rejected）了？被拒绝状态的应用的话对应还未通过的内购项目也会一起被拒，因此您需要重新将IAP项目设为Cleared for Sale。6.14.您使用的测试账号是否是美国区账号？虽然不是一定需要，但是鉴于其他地区的测试账号经常抽风，加上美国区账号一直很稳定，因此强烈建议使用美国区账号。正常情况下IAP不需要进行信用卡绑定和其他信息填写，如果你遇到了这种情况，可以试试删除这个测试账号再新建一个其他地区的。6.15.您是否将设备上原来的app删除了，并重新进行了安装？记得在安装前做一下Clean和Clean Build Folder。6.16.您的plist中的Bundle identifier的内容是否和您的AppID一致？本文由百家号作者上传并发布，百家号仅提供信息发布平台。文章仅代表作者个人观点，不代表百度立场。未经作者许可，不得转载。小众fashion圈百家号最近更新：简介:打造你的专属风格作者最新文章相关文章年终吐血整理：史上最全的万能签证翻译模板
Income/leave Certification. 57
Driver License. 77
Household Register 78
Marriage Certificate. 80
Business License
Nationality
12 Jan 1983
Room XXX No.167 XXX District XX City XXX Province
Date Issue
31 Mar 2001
XXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XX Branch& Xiamen Municipal Public
Security Bureau
THE LICENSE OF MOTORVEHICLES OF P.R.C.
Register Code: 粤B
XXXXX&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Type: Sedan
Owner: XXXX
Address: XXX, Huaqiang Road
North,Futian District, Shenzhen, GD Province, P.R.CHINA
Engine Code:
XXXXX&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Model: Volks Wagon
PassatSXXXX
Total Weight: 18XX
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&Carry
Weight: 14XX kg
Passengers: 5
persons&&&&&&&
Register Date: June
XX,200X&&&
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&Issued
Date: July XX, 200X
Size: 00mm
Issued By: VehicleManagement
Shenzhen Traffic Management Bureau(Seal)
BUSINESS LICENSE OF
THE ENTERPRISE JURIDICALPERSON
( DUPLICATE )
No.11xxxx2
Register Number: QIHEJINGZONGFUZINo.00xxxx0
The Enterprise Name: Shenzhenxxxxxxx Co., Ltd.
Address: Unitxxxx Building,No. xxxxxx Road, xxxxx District,
Legal Representative: xxxxxx
Register Capital: USDxxxxxx.00 (RealCapital
USDxxxxxx.00)
Enterprise Type: Joint Venture (Hong Kong joint)
Scope of Business: Manufacture ofxxxxxx and parts,
peripheral and service.
Branch: No branch.
Business Term: From 8th xxxxt xxxxto 7th xxxxt xxxx
Date of Set-up: 8th xxxx xxxx
Issued By: The Bureau of ShenzhenIndustrial and Commercial
Administration (seal)
Date: 16th September 2009
Residence Type
Non Agricultural Residence
Name of House Owner
Residence Number
Certified Seal of
Certified Seal of Guangdong
Province&&&&&Household
Registration Office
Public Security
Bureau&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
&&&&&&&&&&&&
For Hukou certificate
only&&&&&&
&&& Baomin Local
Police Station
Shenzhen Public Security Bureau
Undertaker’s Stamped signature
:&&&&&&&&&&
Issue Date: 01 July
Permanent resident population's register
Name&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Householder r or
Relation with
TheHouseholder
Householder
Former Name
Place of Birth
Nationality
Date of Birth
Other Dwelling Place in the
Religious Belief
Citizen ID Number
Blood Group
Highest Academic
Marital Status
Military Service
Place of Work
Occupation
Previous Dwelling Place Before
Moving into the City/Town and Date of Moving
Previous Dwelling Place in the
City/Town and Date of Moving into Present Dwelling
Seal of Registrar:
Issued Dart:
Permanent resident population's register
Name&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Householder r or
Relation with
TheHouseholder
Former Name
Place of Birth
Nationality
Date of Birth
Other Dwelling Place in the
Religious Belief
Citizen ID Number
Blood Group
Highest Academic
Marital Status
Military Service
Place of Work
Occupation
Previous Dwelling Place Before
Moving into the City/Town and Date of Moving
Previous Dwelling Place in the
City/Town and Date of Moving into Present Dwelling
Registrar:&&&&&&&&&&&&
Issued Dart:
Permanent residentpopulation's register
Name&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Householder r or
Relation with
TheHouseholder
Former Name
Place of Birth
Nationality
Date of Birth
Other Dwelling Place in the
Religious Belief
Citizen ID Number
Blood Group
Highest Academic
Marital Status
Military Service
Place of Work
Occupation
Previous Dwelling Place Before
Moving into the City/Town and Date of Moving
Previous Dwelling Place in the
City/Town and Date of Moving into Present Dwelling
Seal of Registrar:
Issued Dart:
Foreign Investment
Enterprise Representation Office
Certificate
Shen Ban Zi No. 7608XX
representation office was approved to be registered and issue this
certificate.
No. 0059XXX
Name: Shanghai XX Co., Ltd. Shenzhen
Representation office
Address: Unit X, Block X, World Finance Center, 4003 Shennan
Road East, Luohu Distric, Shenzhen
Representative: XXX
Business:Represent the Company to perform business
expansion.
of:Shanghai XXX Co.,
from XX, 200X
to XX, 202X
by:Shenzhen
Administration for Industrial and Commercial (Seal)
Republic of China
MarriageCertificate
Gender: Male
Dateof Birth: XX, 19XX
Nationality: Han
IDNumber: XXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Gender: Female
Dateof Birth: XXX, 19XX
Nationality: Han
IDNumber: XXXXXXXXXXXX
XXX andXXX applied for marriage
registration.After being examined, their application conforms to
the Marriage Law of thePeoples
Republic of China. We give them the permission to register
andhereby issue this marriage certificate.
IssueDepartment: Bureau of Civil
Affairs at Shenzhen City (Seal)
IssueDate: XX, 200X
(XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX)[100%]*******************
Purpose of Land
Location area
Futian District
Land location
Usage period
70 years, from XX, 199X to XX,
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
&&&Shen Fang Di
Zi No. 30XXXXX
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
(Original)
Municipal Planning and Land and Resources Bureau (Chop)
date: XXX, 200X
Buildings and
Building name
Building area
Building inside area
of building
Completion date
Registered value
Summary of other rights and
Transferable
building.&&&&
to China XXXX Bank,
Property ownership certificate
propertyowneridentitycard
no.nationality
sourceof housing ownership
purchasedin
**,****usage
ofthe houseshare
ofthe house &&&&&&
full owner of
suite***,building no.** area:***square
metersproperty
of housing ownershipsourceof
land-use right assignmentpropertyof
land-use right state-ownedsite
ofthe housestate
ofthe housearchitecturearmoured
concretefloors
ofcompletionarea
ofthe building basebuildingarea
domesticbuilding arearoombuilding
areaownershipof
four walls
east,south,west,north:state
ofland land no.chart
no.usage:house
oftenureexpirationdate
oftenurearea
ofown usearea
ofpublic uselicensenumber
of tenuredepartmentof
filling certificatestateof
mutual ownership(use) of resl estateperson
ofmutual owmership(use)share
ofthe house(certificate
number of mutualownership(use)state
oftaxation agreed pricetax
Registry departmen seal of XX land resources and house
administration Bureau
Registry date:
INDIVIDUALINCOME
TAX CERTIFICATE
September,2006&&
Number: 006001XXX&&&
Unit: RMB(Yuan)
Taxpayer’s
XXXXXXXXXXXXX
Categories
Amount of Income
amount of tax payment
Total amount
Total amount
XXXX& THOUSAND XXXX HUNDRED AND XXX
THOUSAND&XXX&HUNDRED
AND XXX POINT XXX YUAN
Seal of Shang
CERTIFICATEOF BALANCE OF ONE FOR ALL CARD OF CHINA
MERCHANT BANK
Client:&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Date:2006/xx/xx
XXXX&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Current Accounting
Current Accounting
Fixed Time Accounting
Serial No.
Value Date
Fixed Time and Current Accounting
China Merchant Bank Beijing Chaoyangmen Branch
&&&&&&&&&&
XXX/XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
To: BritishEmbassy
Dear Officer,
We hereby certifythat Ms. XXX
(Female, born on DD/MM/YYYY) hold of passport No. XXXXX has
beenemployed by our company as XXX since DD/MM/YYYY.
We have approvedMs. XXX’s annual
leave from the DD/MM/YYYY to the DD/MM/YYYY. Ms. XXX willresume her
duties with our company on her return to Beijing on the
DD/MM/YYYY.
We are confidentthat Ms. XXX will
return to work on time. The purpose of Ms. XXX’s trip is tovisit
friends. She will not seek any employment or residency in UK
andwill abide by the laws and regulations of United Kingdom of
Great Britain andNorthern Ireland. We would be very grateful if you
would approve herapplication for a visitor visa. Should you have
any question, please do nothesitate to contact us.
Company Name:XXXXXXX
contact:XXXXX
Telephone: XXXXXX
Address: XXXXXXX
……………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………
……………………………………………………………
&……………………………
………………………………
………………………………………………
………………
…………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………
……………………………………………………
&………………………………
……………………………………
…………………………………………………………
………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Ilsottoscritto
dichiara inoltre
………………………
…………………………………………………………
……………………………
…………………’
…………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………
Ilsottoscritto, in
caso di esito positivo della richiesta di visto inoltratadal/la
cittadino/a straniero/a, provveder& a
……………………………………
’………………
………………………………………………………
Si allega copia di un documento d’identit& del
dichiarante
LETTRE D’INVITATION
Monsier/Madame,
Je soussign& XXXXX,
TEL :domicili&
& **invite
Monsieur XXXXX,(),n&e
le 1 jan.1980 &BEIJING(CHINE) N°de passeport :
A venir & ** pour une dur&e d`une (01) semaine
en vue de faire participer & mon c&l&bration du
mariage.()
lettre d ‘invitation lui estadress&e pour servir et valoir ce que
&Fait & ** , le 1 Mai 2008
66 88street XX City XXprovince
P R China 123456
xxx)711111FAX: (xxx)99999
June 11, 2006
TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN,
This is to state that we approve of the sales manager Mrs./Mr
XX(Annual incomeof 200,000 RMB), a full-time employee of the ABC
INC., taking her vacation toattend her/his son’s convocation
ceremony or whateverfrom
00/01//2006 in Canada.
We will retain her/his position and continue to employ her when
she/he returnsto China.
Yours sincerely,
XXX General Manager
RE: LETTER IN SUPPORT OF AN APPLICATION FOR A VISTOR'S VISA
NAME: TYPE NAME OF FAMILY MEMBER
PASSPORT NO: TYPE THEIR PASSPORT NUMBER HERE
I AM WRITING TO INVITE MY MONTHER NAMED ABOVE TO COME VISIT ME IN
THE UK/CANADADURING MY COURSE CALLED ( WRITE NAME OF COURSE) AT
(NAME OF SCHOOL)
THEY WISH TO VISIT DURING THE MONTH OF (DATE ) AND THEY WILL STAY
WITH ME AT MYADDRESS ABOVE. I HAVE ENCLOSED PROOF THAT I AM
STUDYING IN THE UK AND THAT IHAVE PERMISSION TO BE IN THE UK AS A
YOURS SINCERELY
PRINT YOUR NAME HERE
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
March XX, 2005
Dear Sir/Madam,
I, XXX, registered at the University of Ottawa as a full-time
student in theBachelor of XXX, would like to invite my mother Mrs.
XXX, born XX XX XXXX, tovisit me in Canadafrom July, 2005.
The purpose of the visit is social as well as tourism within
Canada. Duringher visit, she will stay with me at the above
address. I will make sure that mymother will leave Canadabefore the
expiration of her authorized stay. Your help in issuing a
temporaryresident visa for my mother would be greatly
appreciated.
Please do not hesitate to contact me via telephone or email if you
have anyfurther questions.
Best regards,
To whom it may concern:
I am writing this letter to invite our/my parents (name and brith
days) tovisit us in Canada this coming May for a period of 3
It goes without saying that we will cover all expenses during their
visit in Canada, whichincludes international air tickets, local
transportation, accmodations, medicalinsurances and all other
related expenses.
Your favourable consideration regarding their visa applications
will be highlyappreciated. If you have any question regarding this
matter, please kindlycontact me/us at the address above.
Sincerely,
of Bachelor's Degree
Zhang San, male, born in March, 1984, has completed course of study
in the School of Economics and Management of Wuhan University,
majoring in Human Resource during September 2002 to June 2006.
There upon, he has approved to graduate from the university. In
accordance with "The Registration on Academic Degree of the
People's Republic of China", Mr. Zhang San has been awarded the
Bachelor's degree of Management.
Chairman: Li Si
Wuhan Univeristy Academic Degree Committee
June 30, 2006
Certificate No.:
Graduation Certificate
Zhang San, male, born on March 20, 1984, was an undergraduate
student majoring in Human Resource in the School of Economics and
Management of Wuhan University during September 2002 to June 2006.
He has completed all the prescribed four years undergraduate
courses, passed all the examinations and is entitled to be a
graduate of Wuhan University.
President: Li Si
Date: June 30, 2006
Wuhan Univeristy
Registration No.:
THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA
Certificate of cadre Retired
Published by Ministry of Personnel of The People's Republic of
Registration number: Xijingzi 0*4
Issued by: Economic Management Committee Xinjiao Town Haizhu
District Guangzhou
Date of Issue: March 17, 1999
Name: *** Sex: male
Nationality: Han Place of Origin: Guangzhou
Date of Birth:
Date of start working: Years of Employment:
Previous Working Place:
Previous position: Cadre
Date of Retirement:
Approved Retirement Unit: Economic Management Committee Xinjiao
Town HaizhuDistrict Guangzhouseal
Certificateof
Organization Code of
ThePeople’s Republic
Code:&&&&&&&&-&
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
organization:&&&&&&&
organization: Enterpriselegal
person (Legal representative:&&&&)
Address:&&,&&
Street,&&Town,&&&
City,&&&&&
Effectiveperiod:&&,&&&&
Conferredby:Administration
for Quality and Technology Supervision of&&
RegistrationNo.:Zu
Dai Guan&&&-&&&
1.&&&&&&&&
Organization Code of the People’s
Republic of China is theonly and permanently unchanged legal code
within PRC. &Certificate ofOrganization Code of the
People’s Republic of China& is the certificate
oflegal code of the organization. It has an original version and a
2.&&&&&&&&
&Certificate of
Organization Code of the People’sRepublic of
China&can’t be rent, lent, cheated, transferred,
counterfeited, compiled, orillegally traded.
3.&&&&&&&&
If any changes on the registered
items of &Certificateof Organization Code of the
People’s Republic of China&,the organization should
inform registration organization and apply to revisethe
registration, and then replace with an updated
&Certificate ofOrganization Code of the People’s
Republic of China&.
4.&&&&&&&&
All organizations must abide by the
relevantregulations and join the annual check by the organization
that confers thecertificate.
5.&&&&&&&&
Upon legal cancellation or
revocation, organizationsshould do cancelling registration with the
conferment organization, and giveback all the
&Certificate of Organization Code of the People’s
Republic of China&.
Please join the annual check
between Jan to Apr everyyear.
TheOfficial Stamp of
General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection
andQuarantine of the People’s Republic of China
Records of
AnnualCheck
Organization Code Certificateof
People’s Republic of China
(Duplicate)
Code: XXXXXXXX
Name ofOrganization:
XXXXXXXXXX
Organization
Type:XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Address: XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Expiry Date: XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Issuance: XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Registered
Number:XXXXXXXXXXXX
Explanation:
Check-ups Record
Name: xxxxxxx Zhao Gender: Female
Date of Birthxx.06,
1974Status: Single
Nationality/Hukou: Chinese/Beijing Health: Excellent
Mobile Phone: 13910xxxxxx E-mail:
2003.11 Training of JDE System (one week)
2003.10 Training of Leadership (one day)
2001.2 Training of Lotus Notes (three days)
2000.12 Legal Training in Singapore (one week)
1998.9 Training of cc-mail in Baxter (one week)
1997.3 & 1997.5 Senior Spoken English at Beijing San Yu
International LanguageSchool (Training)
1996.3 & 1996.10 Medium Level spoken English at Post Graduation
EducationSchool of University of International Business of
1992.9 & 1995.6 North China University of Technology Majoring in
Foreign tradesecretarial skills
Work Experience
1998.5 & Present Baxter (China) Investment Co. Ltd.
2001.10&Present Prompted to the Office Manager, Supervisor of
Meeting Dept andBuyer of Baxter (China)Investment Company. Response
for Office Administration, Meeting and Purchasefor Baxter China
Holding Company, such as:
&4 New Year Party of NorthChina of
Baxter (About 220people)
2003.10 To organize staff to attend 2003 Beijing Samsung
International Marathon(about 15people, please see the attached
Certification)
2003.09 Response for internal and external purchase, to prepare the
StandardOperation Procedures for coming JDE System of Baxter
&2003.08 Family outing of Baxter
HoldingCompany
2003.03 To organize staff to attend 2003 Beijing Spring Marathon
(about30people) to against SARS
2003.02 The 1st Meeting of the Representatives from the Medicare
Branch of theChinese Security Association and the Forum of Social
&During this meeting, Chinese Governmentrecognized
Baxter’s outstanding supports and Baxter also improved
therelationship with the Chinese Security Association, as well the
ChineseSecurity Association sent an appreciation letter to Baxter
and gave the specialthanks to the people who supported this meeting
(including me, please see theattached appreciation letter)
3 New Year Party of Baxter Holding Company
&3 New Year Party of BaxterChina Senior
Management Team
&2002.05 Spring out of Baxter HoldingCompany
2002.04 CEO - Mr. Harry Kramer of Global Baxter visited Beijing
with BusinessGroup of U.S.A President
2002.03 Annual Sales Meeting of Baxter China/HK in Malaysia (about
350people)
2 New Year Party of Baxter Holding Company
2001.11 Annual Corporate Council Meeting of Baxter Globe in
2001.10 Annual Executive Management Team Meeting of Baxter China/HK
in Tingdao
Above mentioned meeting and activities, I have fully involved from
beginning toend, and got Baxter’s acknowledge.
2000.1 & 2001.10 Prompted to the assistant to Corporate Counsel, HR
Director,Fin. Director.
(Itinerary of Directors arrangements, administrative work, process
CompanyApproval Certification and Business License, etc.)
&To prepare the documents for Baxter JVand Handle
To scrutinize the contracts of the JV, trading Co., and Holding
Co., includingthe sales contract, Distribution Agreement,
Consultant Agreement, TenderDocuments, etc.
To prepare the legal documents for the corporate management (such
as: boardresolutions, minutes, etc.)
To support Finance Director to make Finance Report each month
To coordinate internal meeting of the HR Department each
To translate the Baxter Business Practice Manual into Chinese
0.1 Marketing/Sales Assistant to Biotech Dept. Response
for Dept.Administration, such as: Collecting Customer’s
information, Making MarketStrategy, Organizing the Meeting for
Customers. Tickets Booking, HotelReservation, Meeting arrangements
(such as customer meeting and Plasma Forum),documents filing,
8.5 MITSUBISHI AUTO CLUB Sales and Marketing Assistant
and Admi.Manager
&To fully prepare the Opening Ceremony
ofsub-company in Dalian
7.4 Cadbury (Beijing)Food Co.Ltd
Receptionist (6.5) at Cadbury Beijing and various
secretarialresponsibilities as well. Learned to perform my job in
an efficient andskillful way, with conscientious and thorough
latitudes. Good Performance acknowledgedby the Australian general
manager, all local and the head office in Australia.
To work out the plan on Cadbury Manufactory’s opening
To be required as key receptionist when Australian Premier & Mr.
John Howardvisited Manufactory.
&Promoted to the Human Resource Dept. asHR
assistant (7.4). Developed rule and procedures for front
desk,improved the HR accounting system for internal chocolate
sales, and improvedthe personnel file management system.
5.9 Responsible for etiquette and public relations in a
seniors ofexhibitions at China World Center.
&To coordinate and support the meeting-1995 China
International Garments Forum
Good Chinese & English typing skills, skillful at
Word, Excel, Powerpoint,etc. Good command English. Good
communication and negotiation skills. Hobbies:to go to fitness
center, climbing mountain, swimming, badminton, ect. AttendedY2002
and Y2003 Beijing Samsung International Marathon and finished 10km
in 45minutes.
Invitation Letter
Dec 30 2005
Visa Section
US General Consulate
Beijing, P.R.China
Dear Sir or Madam:
My name is Zhang ***(Passport No: G), my daughter and I
came to USA toaccompany my husband Shi Guohua in July 2002 with H-4
Visa. My husband ShiGuohua came to work in USAemployed by Mariso
USA Inc since January 2002. and his employee agreement withMariso
USAis for the period from Jan 2002 to Jan 2008. in addition he
filed the income atUS$82,680.00 in year 2004
We have lived in USA for more than 3 years so my father Zhang
Guangrong(Passport No: G) and my mother Zhang Xiufang
(Passport No: G)miss us very much and we miss them in the
same way. So I wrote this letter toinvite them to USA.
We wish to invite them to visit us and stay with us for 3 months,
celebrateSpring Festival and see other attractions in the USA. And
after that period theywill go back to Chinato visit my brother and
other relatives. Recently we live in a single housewith four
bedrooms, which will be more than sufficient for my parents in
lawand us to live in. We will furnish a room and board to them,
plus US$4,000.00extra during their stay with us in USA.
I hope they can come to join us as soon as possible.
Thank you in advance for your consideration of my request.
Best regards
Date 10th March 2003
Certificate
To whom it May Concern
Mr. Wang Yan has been working as the assistant of director at Hebei
TianshunReal Estate Developing Co., Ltd. from 2001. This is to
certify that Mr. ZhangYan Annual Income including monthly salary,
year-end bonus and after deductionof personal income tax is
45000RMB. His request for a temporary leave from hisposition
between April 2003 to Sep. 2003 has been approved. Mr. Zhang Yan
shallfurther his language studies abroad and would return to our
Approved by:
HebeiTianshun Real Estate Developing Co., Ltd.
Certificate
This is to certify that Ms. Lixx, has been working in SK Lubricants
(Tianjin)Co., Ltd. since Sep/2004, she is working as technical
manager (TITLE), herannual income is around 90000RMB.
The company has decided to send Ms. Li xx to go to US for 3 days
professionaltraining program, the training program is about the
product segments, includingthe new technology of engine oils, the
introduction of new specialty products,the technology of low SAPS
PCDO and various other subjects. After her finishthe training
program, she will come back to the company and continue her job
inSK Lubricants (Tianjin) Co., Ltd.
All the Living expenses, air flight tickets will be paid by SK
Lubricants(Tianjin) Co., Ltd.
Please contact me for free if you have any other questions.
Liang YiHua
H.R.Department
SK Lubricants (Tianjin) Co., Ltd.
National passport 14
——————————————————————over
short stay 23
individual
singleentry 25
27 transit
visit tofamily or friends
——————————————————————————over
3584 ********
&&&@&&&.fi
cash,credit card, Accommodation, Travel
and/or health insurance
——————————————————————————over
BUSINESS LICENSE OF
THE ENTERPRISE JURIDICALPERSON
(DUPLICATE) License
No:&&&&XXXXXXXXXXXXXX
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
logo:&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&XXXXXXXXXXXXXX
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Number:&&&&&&
The Enterprise
Address:&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Representative:&&&
Capital:&&&&&&&&&&&
Capital:&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
XXXXXXX&&&&&YUAN
Enterprise
Type:&&&&&&&&&&&&
Limited liability company (Chinajoint venture)
Business:&&&&&&&&
Communications equipment, fitnessequipment,
household& miscellaneousgoods, household
appliances, iron-monger, computer hardware, cosmetics
(withpermission of an operating permit)
Set-up:&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Term:&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Theterm of
validity:&&&&&
&&&&&&&&&&OrganizationCode:&&&&&&&&&&&&&
Shanghai CityIndustry and Commerce Administration Bureau, Zha
Bei branch
Enterprise annual inspection special-purpose
The year 2005
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&Inspected
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&(08)
(here is thestamp to our company)
& Issued By: Shang Hai City Industry
and CommerceAdministration Bureau, XXX branch
(seal)&&&Date:&&&&&&&&
(Duplicate)
Registered Number:
TheEnterpriseName:
xxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Enterprise
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
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