电脑有电脑一个固态一个机械和一个机械,为什么BIOS的BOOT菜单里的EFI选项下出现了两个相同的机械硬盘?

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删除不了只能这样在win10下,设置-恢复-重新启动等等,就会进入boot,可以关闭EFI,用Le
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你可能喜欢这次 在有两块硬盘的 机器上 双系统安装 ubuntu, 遇到了一些 以前没有的情况
了解到 两个以前没听过的名词
两种分区表
参考链接 二里 还提到了
安全启动过
详细介绍了 MBR+ BIOS 启动
以及 GPTF分区的格式
http://www.iruanmi.com/what-is-gpt-and-what-is-uefi/
http://tieba.baidu.com/p/
这篇文章介绍了 uefi 的启动方法 和启动顺序调整
http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_uzi6.html
UEFI的两种启动模式
UEFI 模式安装 ubuntu 的流程
Installing Ubuntu in UEFI mode
The following sections describe how to install Ubuntu in UEFI mode, either because you're single-booting and want to try this boot mode or because you're dual-booting with another OS that's already installed in this mode.
Case when Ubuntu must be installed in UEFI mode
Having a PC with UEFI firmware does not mean that you need to install Ubuntu in UEFI mode. What is important is below:
if the other systems (Windows Vista/7/8, GNU/Linux...) of your computer are installed in UEFI mode, then you must install Ubuntu in UEFI mode too.
if the other systems (Windows, GNU/Linux...) of your computer are installed in Legacy (not-UEFI) mode, then you must install Ubuntu in Legacy mode too. Eg if your computer is old (&2010), is 32bits, or was
sold with a pre-installed Windows XP.
if Ubuntu is the only operating system on your computer, then it does not matter whether you install Ubuntu in UEFI mode or not.
我的机器上之前的windows 应该是 legacy mode 的,但是自动安装的 ubuntu却是 UEFI的
情况应该是
Ubuntu single boot in UEFI mode
Single boot Ubuntu systems are still often installed in BIOS/CSM mode. Normally you install in UEFI mode because Windows is installed
in UEFI mode and you want to dual boot. But it is possible to install Ubuntu (and the flavours Kubuntu Lubuntu, Xubuntu) as a single boot system in UEFI mode too, which can
be useful for two purposes
to keep the systems separated,
Ubuntu in one drive and Windows in another drive (so it will actually be a dual boot system, but not during the installation).
Probably stable when installed in an internal drive.
比较符合我的安装情况
to make a portable installed Ubuntu USB pendrive for UEFI mode (portable alias works
in many computers). Not stable when installed in an external drive (USB stick).
所以系统安装时 相当于是 single mode 的方式,但为什么 没有给我默认安装成 legacy 方式呢。看来是 这个 live disk 系统启动的时候就是 通过 uefi 的方式启动的
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/FromUSBStick#Test_if_running_in_UEFI_mode
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UEFI#Identifying_if_the_computer_boots_the_Ubuntu_DVD_in_UEFI_mode
----》》》 我的 usb 的系统根据这个判断,是 通过 efi模式启动的
General principles
To install Ubuntu in UEFI mode:
Use a 64bit disk of Ubuntu. (. This is a problem if 32-bit UEFI is the only way your computer can boot, e.g. if you have a modern Intel Atom based laptop. In this case, you will need .)
In your firmware,
(SRT). If you have Windows 8, also .
You might want to use an
to avoid troubles with mistakenly booting the image and installing Ubuntu in BIOS mode.
Use a supported version of Ubuntu. Support for UEFI appeared in 11.10, but has become more reliable in next versions. Support for UEFI appeared
in 12.10 and 12.04.2.
Set up your firmware (BIOS) to boot the disk in UEFI mode (see the "" paragraph below)
nothing special is required if you use the automatic installer of Ubuntu ("Install Ubuntu alongside others" or "Erase the disk and install Ubuntu"). Important: if you have a pre-installed Windows and you want to keep it, do
not choose "Erase the disk and install Ubuntu". ---》 我选的是 erase,不过是另外一块盘
if you use the manual partitioning ("Something else"), the difference is that you will have to set the /boot/efi mount point to the UEFI partition.
And if there was not any UEFI partition on your HDD, you first will have to create it (see the "" paragraph below).
Set up the firmware in UEFI or BIOS/CSM/Legacy mode
Some recent computers (&2011) allow you to set up the computer to boot either in UEFI mode or in BIOS/CSM/Legacy (not-EFI) mode. The way to adjust this setting depends on the computers, but generally this setting is located in the "Boot order" tab of the BIOS
(to access the BIOS screens, it is generally necessary to press a key during the PC startup). It can also often be set on a per-boot basis by hitting a function key (F8 and F10 are common choices) soon after you power on the computer.
Note: Some UEFIs (e.g. American Megatrends' "Aptio", found on the Asus vivobook series) call Legacy mode "Compatibility Support Module" or simply "CSM".
Remark: Some UEFIs enable one to set up the boot mode for the optical drive separately from the boot mode for the HDD.
For example, below:
the "UEFI Hitachi" line allows to boot the HDD in UEFI mode,
the "P1: Hitachi" line allows to boot the HDD in Legacy (not-UEFI) mode,
the "P3: DVD" line allows to boot the Ubuntu CD in Legacy mode
the "UEFI: USB" line allows to boot the Ubuntu liveUSB in UEFI mode.
Here is a 2nd example of UEFI boot mode setting, where the "Boot Mode" parameter enables one to choose the boot mode ("UEFI" or "Legacy") for all media (hard disk, CD, USB...) at the same time.
Some other UEFIs propose an "UEFI/Legacy Boot:" option with the following choices: [Legacy only], [UEFI only] and [Both]. This last one boots in UEFI mode when possible, then in Legacy mode if no UEFI files are detected.
!!!!!!!!
Note that in a UEFI-mode installation, Ubuntu
will not ask
you where to install the boot loader. If it does, or if it complains about
the lack of a
you've probably accidentally booted in BIOS/CSM/legacy mode.
关于 ubuntu 的分区模式
NONE-GPT & GPT 分区
Required partitions
The easiest partitioning scheme, on a non-GPT disk, is simply a root partition and a swap partition.
size of RAM
the rest of the disk
If the disk is GPT type (this can be checked via the "sudo parted -l" command), you must also add a BIOS-Boot or an EFI
partition depending on the boot mode of your BIOS.
BIOS-boot or EFI
size of RAM
the rest of the disk
On some computers, a separate /boot partition may also be required.
See paragraphs below.
Root partition (always required)
Mount point: /
Type: Linux type (generally EXT4)
Description: the root partition contains by default all your system files, program settings and documents.
Size: minimum is 8 GB. It is recommended to make it at least 15 GB. Warning: your system will be blocked if the root partition is full.
Swap (very recommended)
Mount point: none
Type: SWAP
Description: see .
Size: size of your RAM.
BIOS-Boot or EFI partition (required on GPT disks)
If you want to install Ubuntu on a GPT disk (you can check it via the 'sudo parted -l' command), you will need either an
EFI partition (if your BIOS is set up in EFI mode) or a BIOS-Boot partition (if your BIOS is set up in Legacy mode).
BIOS-Boot partition:
Mount point: none
Type: no filesystem
Description: the BIOS-boot partition contains GRUB 2's core. It is necessary if you install Ubuntu on a GPT disk, and
if the firmware (BIOS) is set up in Legacy (not EFI) mode.
It must be located at the start of a GPT disk, and have a "bios_grub" flag.
Size: 1MB.
EFI partition:
Mount point: /boot/efi (no need to set up this mount point as the installer will do it automatically)
Type: FAT (generally FAT32)
Description: the EFI partition (also called ESP) contains some boot files.
It is necessary if the firmware (BIOS) is set up to boot the HDD in EFI mode
(which is default on more and more modern, & year 2011 computers).
It must be located at the start of a GPT disk, and have a "boot" flag.
Size: 100~250MB
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Unified_Extensible_Firmware_Interface
The EFI System partition needs to be formatted with a file system whose specification is maintained as part of
the UEFI the file system itself is based on the
system but is independent from the original FAT specification. The
(GUID) for the EFI System partition in the
(GPT) scheme is C12AD2-BA4B-00A0C93EC93B,
while its ID in the
scheme is .Both
GPT- and MBR-partitioned disks can contain an EFI System partition, as UEFI firmware is required to support both partitioning schemes. Also,
bootable format for
supported.
UEFI provides
with legacy systems by
reserving the first block (sector) of the partition for compatibility code, effectively creating a legacy . On legacy -based systems, the first sector of a partition is loaded into memory
and execution is transferred to this code. UEFI firmware does not execute the code in the
(MBR), except when booting in legacy BIOS mode through the
The UEFI specification requires MBR partition tables to be fully supported. However,
some UEFI implementations immediately switch to the BIOS-based CSM booting upon detecting certain types of partition table on the boot disk, effectively preventing UEFI booting to be performed from EFI System partitions contained on MBR-partitioned disks.
UEFI firmware supports booting from removable storage devices such as . For that purpose, a removable device needs to be formatted with a ,
system, while a boot loader needs to be stored according to the standard ESP file hierarchy, or by providing a complete path of a boot loader to the system's boot manager.
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Boot_loaders
is more feature-rich and supports more complex scenarios.
Its configuration file(s) is more similar to 'sh' scripting language, and can be automatically generated.
is (currently) limited to loading only
files from the partition where it was installed. An example configuration can be found in .
The Linux kernel can be booted directly using the built-in EFI stub loader. See .
systemd includes an EFI bootloader which provides a text menu for booting EFISTUB kernels. See .
rEFInd is a UEFI Boot Manager which provides a graphical menu for booting EFISTUB kernels. See .
Clover is a UEFI Boot Manager which provides native resolution GUI for booting EFISTUB kernels. See .
Warning: ELILO upstream has clarified that it is no longer in active development, meaning no new features will be added and only bug-fixes are released. See for
more information. ELILO is not officially supported by Arch developers.
ELILO is the UEFI version of the BIOS-only . Its config
file elilo.conf is similar to 's
config file. Upstream provided compiled binaries are available at and
an AUR package at AUR.
Warning: None of the options presented here are officialy supported in Arch Linux.
GRUB Legacy (also known as grub-0.97), is the legacy, BIOS-only branch of .
https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/GUID_Partition_Table#Bootloader_Support
All UEFI Bootloaders support GPT disks since GPT is a part of UEFI Specification and thus mandatory for UEFI boot. See
for more information.
While GPT support on BIOS systems is theoretically possible it sometimes isn't practical and other times there are complete incompatibilities. Technically the BIOS is only supposed to execute the code on the MBR, therefore leaving the possibility of differing
partitioning schemes... However a BIOS may do additional checks including: checking a MBR's integrity, and possibly even for a MBR partition table (though usually only the first partition). If this is a case, a number of workarounds exist that may be able
to repair the problem (listed below).
Warning: For Windows, there is no support for booting from a BIOS/GPT partitioning scheme. If you have already installed Windows with a BIOS/MBR partitioning scheme do not convert the drive to GPT! Windows
will fail to boot if this is done - irrespective of the bootloader used to chainload Windows. One can either install Windows in UEFI mode and use an
(which uses GPT), or possibly restore/install Windows on a BIOS/GPT hybrid MBR (see partitioning examples).
Bootloaders that support GPT/BIOS partitioning scheme bootloading:
Not suported:
A few workarounds may help boot a BIOS/GPT however, before trying these, try booting a BIOS/GPT partitioning scheme with the bootloaders standard procedure. If it doesn't work, these may help boot them ( for full reference):
Set the boot flag on the protective MBR partition (type 0xEE) . This can be done with parted /dev/sdX and disk_toggle
pmbr_boot or using sgdisk /dev/sdX --attributes=1:set:2.Be sure there is no EFI system partitionCreate a hybrid MBR. This will be needed for a BIOS that looks for a valid MBR partition (see example below).Recompute CHS (Cylinder/Head/Sector) values in the protective MBR. GPT does not use these values but the protective MBR may need to be calibrated to them to work for those BIOS that test them.A second disk that has a valid MBR table may signify to the BIOS that it is alright to execute the code on the protective MBR.Many computers since 2011 may have support for an EFI booting if wanting from a BIOS option.
我的安装情况
第一块硬盘安装了 windows
第二块盘 准备用来装 linux
创建了 可启动的 ubuntu
usb livecd
用的镜像是ubuntu-14.04.4-desktop-amd64.iso
以前 如果需要从 usb 引导 来安装系统,需要进入bios修改 系统启动介质的顺序,但是这次很奇怪。插上u盘重启后 直接 进入 u盘的
系统里面了
如果选 ERASE+ LVM
然后硬盘 选择 sdb - & install now,
如果 installation type 不选择 lvm 的话
都会默认生成一个
EFIBOOT 盘
-----------------------------
installation type
选something else
则会进入 分区详情
按照以前装双系统的经验是,会在
sdb 创建 root分区
然后 boot loader device,
选 sda, 那么 就会把 grub 装到 磁盘一, 然后启动时,可以从启动菜单选择 进入linux(默认)或者windows
如果boot loader device 选 sdb 的话, 那么默认 linux 就启动不了, 需要在 bios 把 磁盘二 的启动顺序调到 前面 ,才可以 启动linux,启动菜单里也没有windows。此时
windows 和 linux 的启动 是完全独立的
但是 因为这个机器的主板好像是 支持 efi 的,我选择 了 默认的 非 lvm 安装方式后,系统就开始 自己安装,
按照自动安装模式下上图系统提示的 sdb 分区信息可以看出,自动都建立了一个 EFIboot 分区,这个就是 EFI 模式下bootloader 安装的地方???所以上文
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UEFI#Performing_the_Installation
里面说,在 EFI模式安装 是 不会问在哪里装bootloader 的,因为只能安装在 EFI 分区里?
安装完成后,我就重启机器,很奇怪,开机画面之后 系统马上就进入 ubuntu 了,试图用 fdisk 查看分区表, 结过 sdb 的分区 看不了?
说是用了 gpt分区,只能用 parted 工具 来 查看,这才知道 这次的分区 格式 竟然也和以前不一样了。
--- 那么怎么进入 windows呢?
我现在使用的办法是, 一闪而过的 开机节目 里 最下排 有提示
bios setup
information
我按住 f12
然后会出现硬盘的列表,选择装了windows 的 盘一 ,就会顺利进入 windows
为什么 默认 会
进入 ubuntu 而不是 windows 呢, 这跟 efi 又有什么关系呢
好像 这个 efi 也可以配置成
使用 legacy ?
下面就开始 到处搜索
还有 GPT 的相关知识
===============
似乎 windows 8 以后 的windows 才会
出现 用 efi 引导的方式 来安装 ?
http://blog.163.com/kongxiangshi@126/blog/static//
单硬盘 win 7
安装 双系统 ubuntu
但是需要 将
uefi 设置成 legacy only, 那样的话 就变成
跟传统 用 MBR 分区表建立分区 然后通过 bios 启动的 过程是一样的了
否则 安装的时候
ubuntu 就识别不出
windows下已经 通过 mbr 建立的分区 ???
奇怪 我安装的时候倒是可以 看到 windows 的分区的。
不过没有尝试
不建立 EFIBOOT 分区 的话 能不能安成功
http://os.51cto.com/art/158.htm
给了一个 详细的例子 不过是 一块硬盘
而且是 windows 8
+ ubuntu 14
安装完后 还需要 在 ubuntu 和 windows 都进行 启动修复
才可以出现 多选项的启动菜单 否则直接进入 windows
UEFI启动的windows下安装Ubuntu双系统(绝对可行)
不瞒你说,我和你一样,曾经把ubuntu kylin14.04和win7/8/8.1安装在一起,win7没有问题,因为win7我用的是一台比较老的电脑,不是UEFI启动模式,但是我自己电脑上装的正版w...
最近在Thinkpad上安装Ubuntu12.04的时候,经历了几个问题,发现BOIS里多了很多选项, 而且安装双系统也有UEFI有关,在网站上找了一篇文章,发现这还是一个新概念(或者是新模式)。我觉...
Ubuntu安装(UEFI+GPT+SSD+HDD)心酸之旅
这两天帮同学装系统,才发现自己对电脑硬件之类的了解实在太少了,现记录下来,增加知识面。
预期环境:
SSD:Win10
HDD:ubuntu
使用方法:
使用EFI模式+GP...
VMware 虚拟机 efi模式下安装ubuntu16.04
我是w10操作系统,下载的VMware-workstation-full-14.1.1。ubuntu 16.04的镜像。我第一篇文章提到了我的主机没有办法添加自己证书,想拿虚拟机模拟一下,看看添加自己...
修改refind 删掉多余的启动项、并美化主题
用 sudo vi /boot/efi/EFI/refind/refind.conf
sudo nano /boot/efi/EFI/refind/refind.conf
UEFI、GPT、MBR是什么?这些专业术语不难理解,UEFI属于主板类名词,其作用类似于BIOS。GPT、MBR则属于硬盘类名词,它们的作用类似一艘航母的骨架,有了这个骨架,我们才可以进行细致到诸如...
和老BIOS说永别 EFI BIOS技术解析
BIOS最后的璀璨
BIOS,几乎和PC有着同样的寿命,当年康柏第一台“克隆”PC诞生的时候,它为了简化启动的设置,引入了固化程序...
背景:用Virtual Box 安装Ubuntu 14:
第一次,无法进入Live CD界面.
第二次,勾选EFI界面后成功进入安装流程,成功安装。但是安装完成之后重启,进入了EFI Shell界面,...
原文来自:http://blog.csdn.net/lpg123/article/details/2853502
最近一直很忙,没有时间来这里坐坐,现在我继续给大家介绍EFI的基本概念之框架结构(F...
1 基本概念及用法
在LegacyBIOS中,设备采用中断方式来和CPU交互。但现在已过渡到了EFI时代,中断方式已成往事随风飘。那设备如何和CPU交换信息呢? EFI使用了查询的方式。不同...
没有更多推荐了,
(window.slotbydup=window.slotbydup || []).push({
id: "5865577",
container: s,
size: "300,250",
display: "inlay-fix"8添加评论分享收藏感谢收起赞同 93 条评论分享收藏感谢收起UEFI安全启动怎么关闭 关闭UEFI启动项的方法图解
& 发布时间: 15:27:37 & 作者:佚名 &
现在大部分预装的win8系统内都开启了UEFI安全启动选项,对于不习惯win8操作界面的朋友来说,可能就会把win8改为win7。但是Win8改装Win7需要在BIOS下关闭UEFI选项,本文为大家介绍如何关闭UEFI安全启动
大家都知道现在很多电脑都预装win8系统,其系统都开启了UEFI安全启动选项,然而,对于不习惯win8操作界面的朋友来说,可能就会把win8改为win7. 但是我们得知道Win8改装Win7需要在BIOS下关闭UEFI选项,如果OS选项已经关闭,但是UEFI却是灰色无法更改,如何处理呢? 接下来为大家介绍如何关闭UEFI安全启动。
知识链:?
1、当Restart项目下的OS Optiomlzed Defaults选项已经设置为Disabled
OS Optiomlzed Defaults
2,且Startup下的UEFI选项是灰色无法更改
3,我们首先得恢复BIOS默认设置
BIOS默认设置
4,之后我们就可以看到恢复后可以更改
5,如果依旧灰色无法选择,我们可以进入Security选项,找到Secure Boot(安全启动)
Secure Boot(安全启动)
6,最后一步到位&关闭UEFI安全启动,将Secure Boot 改为&Disabled&
Secure Boot 改为&Disabled&
全文总结:我们在为win8改win7相关的操作时,此相关操作会导致硬盘所有数据清空,所以我们在操作之前一定要做好重要数据资料备份工作。
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