英语 虚拟语气be动词 为什么动词absent 前面要加be 而有些动词就直接用它本身do的形式

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>>>Mary is ill today. If she _____, she _____ absent from scho..
Mary is ill today. If she _____, she _____ absent from school.
A. wouldn't be       B. wouldn't have been   C. should have been     D. hadn' could be
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据魔方格专家权威分析,试题“Mary is ill today. If she _____, she _____ absent from scho..”主要考查你对&&虚拟语气&&等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下:
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虚拟语气的概念:
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。在条件句中的应用条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况,故采用虚拟语气。 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用:
一、真实条件句:真实条件句真实条件句用于陈述语气,假设的情况可能发生,其中if是如果的意思。时态关系句型:条件从句:一般现在时;主句:shall/will+动词原形 如:If he comes, he will bring his violin. 典型例题: The volleyball match will be put off if it___. A. will rainB. rainsC. rainedD. is rained 答案:B。真实条件句主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时。注意:1)在真实条件句中,主句不能用be going to表示将来,该用shall, will。如:&(错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.&&&&&&&&& (对) If you leave now, you will never regret it. &&&&&&&&&&& 2)表示真理时,主句谓语动词便不用shall(will)+动词原形,而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。 二、非真实条件句:非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况,故采用虚拟语气。& 1)时态:可以表示过去,现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。 a. 同现在事实相反的假设。句型:从句:一般过去时;主句:should(would)+动词原形 如:If they were here, they would help you. b.表示于过去事实相反的假设。句型:条件从句:过去完成时;主句:should(would)have+过去分词 如:If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded. &&&&&&& The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful. &&&&&&& If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going. c.表示对将来的假想句型:条件从句:一般过去时;主句:should+动词原形 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&从句: were+不定式;主句:would+动词原形 should+动词原形 如:If you succeeded, everything would be all right. &&&&&&& If you should succeed, everything would be all right. &&&&&&& If you were to succeed, everything would be all right. 三、混合条件句:主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,这时主,从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同,这叫做混合条件句。 如:If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. (从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反。) &&&&&&& If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在). 比较if only与only if:
only if表示“只有”;if only则表示“如果……就好了”。If only也可用于陈述语气。 如:I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了,我才会醒。 &&&&&&& If only the alarm clock had rung. 当时闹钟响了,就好了。 &&&&&&& If only he comes early. 但愿他早点回来。&It is(high) time that It is(high) time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形,但should不可省略。 如:It is time that the children went to bed. &&&&&&& It is high time that the children should go to bed.& need“不必做”和“本不该做"”didn't need to do表示:过去不必做某事,事实上也没做。needn'thavedone表示:过去不必做某事,但事实上做了。 如:John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she didn't need to walk back home. &&&&&&& 约翰开车去车站接玛丽,所以她不必步行回家了。&&& &&&&&&& John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she needn't have walked back home. &&&&&&& 约翰开车去车站接玛丽,所以她本不必步行回家了。(Mary步行回家,没有遇上John的车。) 典型例题:There was plenty o ftime. She___. A. mustn't have hurriedB. couldn't have hurriedC. must not hurryD. needn't have hurried 答案:D。needn't havedone. 意为"本不必",即已经做了某事,而时实际上不必要。 Mustn't have done用法不正确,对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为couldn't have done,“不可能已经”。must not do不可以(用于一般现在时)特殊的虚拟语气词should 的用法:
1)It is demanded/necessary/a pity+that…结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should加动词原形,should可省略。句型: 如:It is suggested that we(should) hold a meeting next week. &&&&&&& It is necessary that he(should) come to our meeting tomorrow. 2)在宾语从句中的应用在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist+(should)do 如:I suggest that we(should) hold a meeting next week.&&&&&&&&He insisted that he(should) be sent there. 注意:如suggest, insist不表示“建议”或“坚持要某人做某事时”,即它们用于其本意“暗示、表明”、“坚持认为”时,宾语从句用陈述语气。 如:The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.判断改错:(错)You pale face suggests that you(should) be ill.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&(对)Your pale face suggests that you are ill. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& (错)I insisted that you(should) be wrong. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& (对)I insisted that you were wrong. 3)在表语从句,同位语从句中的应用在suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,即(should)+动词原形。 如:My idea is that we(should) get more people to attend the conference. &&&&&&& I make a proposal that we(should) hold a meeting next week. 虚拟语气知识体系:
虚拟条件句的倒装:
虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略,再把were, should或had移到从句句首,实行倒装。 如:Were they here now, they could help us.=If they were here now, they could help us.&&&&&&&&&&&&Had you come earlier, you would have met him=If you had come earlier, you would have met him.&&&& &&&&&&& Should it rain, the crops would be saved.=Were it to rain, the crops would be saved. 注意:在虚拟语气的从句中,动词“be”的过去时态一律用“were”,不用was,即在从句中be用were代替。 如:If I were you, I would go to look for him.& 如果我是你,就会去找他。 &&&&&&& If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在这儿,一切都会好的。典型例题:_____to do the work, I should do it some other day.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&A. If were I&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&B. I were&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. Were I&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. Was I 答案:C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词,通常将if省略,主语提前,变成were, should, had+主语的形式。但要注意,在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说Were I not to do.,而不能说Weren't I to do。
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