英语六级作文真题及范文
2012年12月英语六级作文真题及范文
2012年6月英语六级作文真题及范文
2011年12月英语六级作文真题及范文
2011年6月英语六级作文真题及范文
2010年12月英语六级作文真题及范文
2010年6月英语六级作文真题及范文
2009年12月英语六级作文真题及范文
2009年6月英语六级作文真题及范文
2008年12月英语六级作文真题及范文
2008年6月英语六级作文真题及范文
2007年12月英语六级作文真题及范文
2007年6月英语六级作文真题及范文
2012年12月英语六级作文真题及范文
　　Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay
entitled Man and Computer by commenting on the saying, &The real danger is not
that the computer will begin to think like man, but that man will begin to think
like the computer.& You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200
范文 　　范文一： 　　Man and Computer 　　Ever since the birth of it, the computer has largely changed human being&s
life and there has been a hot debate about its effects on humans. Undeniably,
computers have taken the place of humans in many areas and it seems that
computers begin to think like man, but this does not necessarily lead to the
danger that man will think like computers. 　　The reasons, in my opinion, are as follows. Firstly, when computers release
human from repetitive tasks, humans themselves can spend more time on creative
works, such as scientific research, which require imagination and cannot be
completed by computers. Meanwhile, thanks to computers, humans get more spare
time with their friends and family, which enhances their happiness. Moreover,
even though computers can work automatically, the premise is that the program,
which is written by humans, has been installed in it. 　　In conclusion, humans, unlike computers, have creative ability, emotional
desires and social bounds. Thus, I don&t think that there will be the danger
that man will begin to think like the computer. 　　范文二： 　　Man and Computer 　　It is believed that the computer is bringing the world into a brand new
era. At the time the computer was invented, scientists, marveling at its
calculating speed, felt that they had created a miracle. Nowadays, the function
of the computer is no longer con it permeates people&s
daily lives and has become an inseparable part of human society. 　　People become so heavily dependent on computers that it is hard to imagine
the life without computers. Therefore, some people are worried that &The real
danger is not that the computer will think like man, but man will think like the
computer.& Their concern does make sense. Indeed, some people spend such a long
time working on computers that they have few interactions with people in real
life. According to a research, too many hours in front of a computer may lead to
a poker face and interpersonal isolation. This fact should arouse our attention,
because unlike computers, human beings are social creatures that need emotional
connections with others. 　　Yet, it is also unnecessary for us to be overwhelmed by the negative
impacts of computers. After all, we humans are intelligent and will be able to
figure out better ways to make improvements. 2012年6月英语六级作文真题及范文
　　Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes) 　　Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short
essay entitled The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal Communication. Your
essay should start with a brief description of the picture. You should write at
least 150 words but no more than 200 words.
范文 　　The Impact of the Internet on Interpersonal Communication 　　As is described in the picture, a father asks her daughter how her school
today goes on. Instead of answering directly, the daughter tells her father to
read her blog. It is common that youngsters nowadays incline to communicate with
others on internet increasingly, and lack communication with people around them.
With the development of Internet, it has influenced our society to a large
extent, especially interpersonal communication. 　　To begin with, we can communicate with others anytime via internet.
Otherwise, we would have to arrange our schedules strictly in advance. Also,
interpersonal communication through the internet is not restricted by space. For
example, in most multinational corporations, instant messages and video
conferences help colleagues solve problems timely and efficiently. Last but not
least, the internet can greatly speed up our interpersonal communication.
Whereas, there are also disadvantages that the internet brings to us. More and
more people complained that they have lost face-to-face communicating skills. As
a result, people become more and more indifferent to each other in real life.
Some netizens who are immersed in virtual world even have difficulty in making
friends in reality. 　　In conclusion, communication through the internet could bring us both
convenience and inconvenience. We should strike a balance between them and make
the best of the internet. 2011年12月英语六级作文真题及范文
　　Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short
essay entitled The Way to Success by commenting on Abraham Lincoln's famous
remark, &Give me six hours to chop down a tree, and I will spend, the first four
sharpening the axe.& You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200
范文 　　The way to success 　　What is success? In fact, success is a positive feeling, it is a state of
confidence after we achieve our ideals So all of us will try our best to get
success.&If A is a success in life, then A equals x plus y plus z..H y is good methods and z is stop talking and get down to work.&It is said
by Einstein, who is used to be a winner of the Nobel Prize. According to this
Wisdom, we known that if we want to do everything successful, we must follow
these ways. 　　When we begin to study, our parents and teachers always told us to study
hard. Hardworking, which is an useful way to success, is necessary for us.
Hardworking, which means we should try our best to do the things. Besides, if
you want to get success, we not only need hardworking, but also have some useful
methods. If you have some useful methods, you will feel that it is easier to
achieve your goals. What ' s more, we must stop talking and get down to work.
Success is base on the actions. Actions, may not let we get success. But if we
not action, it can never be successful. Regardless of the dream is big or small,
the goal is high or low, from now on, swing it into action. 　　In my opinion, if you follow these important ways to do every things, you
will get success at last. 2011年6月英语六级作文真题及范文
　　The Certificate Craze 　　1.现在许多人热衷于各类证书考试 　　2.其目的各不相同 　　3.我的看法
范文 　　Almost no one in China has failed to notice the phenomenon that a growing
number of people are enthusiastic about pursuing various kinds of certificates.
Taking a look around, one can find numerous examples with ease. A common case in
point is that students spend a great deal of time and energy attending a great
variety of certificate-oriented training courses to ensure a better score。 　　The purpose of acquiring certificates varies from individuals to
individuals. For students, as the job market competition is becoming
increasingly fierce, not only can a certain certificate prove their
capabilities, but also will put them in a favorable position in the employment
market and the development of their career. When it comes to white-collared
workers, more job-related certificates often guarantee greater opportunities for
a salary raise and promotion. What&s more, it is also a ideal way to enhance
their job techniques and sharpen their competitiveness。 　　From my perspective, the merits of pursuing certificates are self-evident.
However, we should also bear in mind that it is the practical skills, such as
management, cooperation, communication, rather than certificates that guarantee
one&s accomplishment in career. Accordingly, we might as well attach great
importance to both certificates and the improvement of one&s comprehensive
abilities。 2010年12月英语六级作文真题及范文
　　Direction: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay
entitled My Views on University Ranking. You should write at least 150 words
following the outline given below. 　　1. 目前高校排名相当盛行; 　　2. 对于这种做法人们看法不一; 　　3. 在我看来&&
范文 　　My Views on University Ranking 　　Now society competition is very big, college is not exceptional also, the
present universities ranking is quite popular, appear very I &ranking&
drawbacks. For this kind of practice, the person of shem view each not camera,
some understanding ranking is very necessary, can promote the school
competition, some understanding ranking, cause a lot of school lane virtual do
false education quality, causing the glide! And I think the school rankings of
this mechanism is should be reserved, but need to regulate the arrangement, the
education development of the rankings system into motivation, not
resistance. 　　For those university students-to-be, choosing their ideal school is never
an easy job, but luckily, different authorities come up with the university
ranking to help! Top students shall choose the top schools high on the list and
vice versa. 　　Complicated issue becomes easy numerical comparison, yet the real problem
stays there, can the numerical ranking tell you the status quo of these
universities? Are these &authorities& producing the ranking authoritative enough
to make the judgments? Let&s take a serious look at the issue before we jump to
the conclusion whether university ranking is good or bad. 　　We have to admit that because of historical reasons, most of the
s parents were denied higher education and this cruel fact makes them
even more eager to give their children high education even though they have no
idea of what university education is all about. The ranking helps them to make
decisions based on their simple idea of better ranking means better jobs in
future, and therefore better income! It is pathetic that they interpret
knowledge and wisdom in such a way yet it is even more pathetic that there are
so-claimed well-educated people making up all the ranking and get the ranking
published to mislead them! 2010年6月英语六级作文真题及范文
　　Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short
essay on the topic of Due Attention Should Be Given to the Study of Chinese. You
should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 　　1.近年来在学生中出现了忽视中文学习的现象; 　　2.出现这种现象的原因和后果; 　　3.我认为&
范文 　　Due Attention Should Be Given To the Study of Chinese 　　With China&s opening up, interculturalcommunication has become more and
more frequent between Chinese and foreigners. A good command of at least one
foreign language has increasingly been an essential skill for us. People,
especially the youths, pay much more attention to foreign language
acquisitionthan Chinese study. 　　Various factors can account forthis situation. First of all, a good command
of a foreign language may help young people to get a good job while Chinese
skills may be of no significancein one&s job hunting and even their career.
Consequently, some students may not treasure Chinese language any longer. Apart
from that, nowadays fewer and fewer universities stimulate Chinese language
study in campus, which has caused it to be marginalized. Under this
circumstance, Chinese language becomes less and less popular in universities. It
is clear that professors in the field of Chinese study are not so respected than
they were before. 　　In view of this situation, effective measures should be taken to change it.
First, the whole society should emphasizethe importance of Chinese language in
order to make it clear that it is one indispensablepart of Chinese culture and
Chinese race. Second, schools should promote Chinese language study and
research. In addition, we individuals should contribute our own efforts to the
study and protectionof Chinese language. 　　To conclude, we should pay great attention to Chinese language, since the
importance of it is never too great to be exaggerated. 2009年12月英语六级作文真题及范文
　　Part Ⅰ Writing　(30 minutes) 　　现在有不少家长送孩子参加各种艺术班; 　　1、对这种做法有人表示支持， 　　2、有人并不赞成; 　　3、我认为&
范文 　　Should parents send their kids to art classes? 　　A child&s world is supposed to be fresh and new and beautiful, full of
wonder and excitement. Unfortunately, this is not the case for some kids,
especially for those born and bred in cities --- their joys are dimmed and even
lost because a majority of them are forced to attend various art classes. 　　Some claim that it is beneficial for children&s development. They might
have their reasons because most parents are convinced that their kids are gifted
gifts from the god. They presume that the earlier their children are exposed to
arts, the more likely it is to find out the artistic potential hidden in them.
Even if their children fail to become another child prodigy like Lang Lang or Li
Yundi, the interests in arts, say, in music, cultivated in childhood will be of
great value in their whole life. 　　In spite of the possible benefits mentioned, I, like others, am strongly
against it. The major harm is that it might deprive children of their pleasure
to play after school. Faced with competition and contest for better
universities, most children are buried in piles of homework. Forcing them to art
classes will leave them less time to enjoy the beauty of the nature or to find
their talent in things they are really interested in. 　　To sum up, childhood is a time for children to play as they wish. Rather
than cramming knowledge, it is more important to pave the way for their desire
to know than to put them on a diet of facts they are not ready to
assimilate. 2009年6月英语六级作文真题及范文
　　Part I　Writing　(30 minutes) 　　Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short
essay entitled On the Importance of a Name. you shuold write at least 150 words
following the outline given below. 　　1. 有人说名字或名称很重要 　　2. 也有人觉得名字或名称无关紧要 　　3. 我认为
范文 　　范文一： 　　On the Importance of a Name 　　According to the Bible, it is the almighty God who gave names to everything
he created: &he named the light &Day' and the darkness &Night'&. In fact, a name
is a word or phrase that man uses to denote and identify a specific person,
place or thing. There is no inexorable correlation between the sign and &the
signified&. For this reason, some claim that names are not so vital as they are
supposed to be. However, I am fully convinced that they are of great
importance. 　　Take the name of a person as an example. It is known to all that a person's
name is divided into two parts: given name and surname. The given name is the
name our parents assign us. We ourselves might change it later in our life.
Usually, when a name is given, it contains a lot of information. Say, &li& in
the name of some Chinese females shows that we wish them to &beautiful& while
&wei& in the names of some males reveals that we expect them to be &great& in
their future life. 　　As to the surname or family name, it is even more important, so important
that some people may sacrifice their life for it. Originally, man had no such a
name. But ever since a certain name was given, each member of the family carries
it wherever he goes. Rather than merely a sign, it is the root from which we can
trace back to our ancestor, the tie that helps bind us to other members of the
same clan, the dignity most people hope to live for. 　　Apart from the name of a person, that of a place or thing is also
significant in that it embodies history and culture. All in all, though names
are assigned artificially, man is not free when giving names. But God is. 　　范文二： 　　On the Importance of a Name 　　Recently, it is universally acknowledged that due attention has to be paid
to the importance of name. To begin with, a large number of people assert that
one&s name can exert profound influence on the success of a person or
institution. In addition, some even maintain that the mental health and physical
fitness of a person will be influenced or even determined by his or her
name。 　　On the contrary, it is the view of a great many people that one&s name is
of little significance. I can think of no better illustration than the following
ones. &Qiu&， which means &hill&， is the name of Confucius, the greatest thinker,
philosopher and educator throughtout history. Likewise, another case in point is
Lao Zi, the founder of philosophical and religious Taoism, whose name is &er&，
which means &the ear&. These examples effectively clarify that one&s future is
only determined by his striving spirit, talent or intelligence rather than some
mysterious and superstitious factors such as certain names or lucky numbers。 　　As for me, significance should be attached to intelligence, persistence and
diligence instead of one&s name. Given all the above arguments, it is high time
that we put an end to this undesirable phenomenon。 2008年12月英语六级作文真题及范文
　　Part I Writing (30 minutes) 　　Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short
essay entitled How to Improve Students& Mental Health. You should write at least
150 words following the outline given below in Chinese: 　　1. 大学生的心理健康十分重要 　　2. 因此，学校可以&& 　　3. 我们自己应当&&
范文 　　How to improve student's mental health 　　Students' mental health has been playing an increasingly important role in
our day-to-day life. Indeed, it is widely accepted that it has gained growing
popularity among persons in all walks of life. There is a general discussion
today about the issue of disorder in brains. 　　Obviously, it is necessary that effective actions should be taken to
prevent problems. Authorities in universities play a critical role in the
situation. To begin with, schools, such as colleges or universities, can provide
chances for the young men to ease their attention. What's more, some are
physically strong, but psychological problems are able to bring potential
threats. Teaches may have a chance to find them in advance. Besides, specialists
in this field are to be required to make full preparation for cases in time.
Facing the crisis, experts can deal with it in a professional way, which means
they have more or better opportunities to save us than others. 　　From the factors mentioned above, we may safely draw the conclusion that we
can free ourselves from mental illness by taking certain precautions. For
example, if you have pains or puzzles in mind, finding a friend to express these
is a good way to release pressure. Certainly, there is little doubt that further
attention will be paid to the issue. 2008年6月英语六级作文真题及范文
　　PartI　 Writing(30 minutes) 　　Will E-books Replace Traditional Books? 　　1.　随着信息技术的发展，电子图书越来越多; 　　2.　有人认为电子图书将会取代传统图书，理由是& 　　3.　我的看法。
范文 　　Will E-books Replace Traditional Books? 　　There is no denying the fact that e-books have been gaining increasing
popularity in the past years along with the development of information
technology. People are often heard to talk about e-books written by such famous
writers as Hanhan or Mu Zimei. Actually, modern readers seem to spend more time
on e-books than on traditional ones. 　　As a consequence, it has emerged as a hotly debated topic whether e-books
will take the place of traditional books in the future. Some hold the positive
view. They claim that it is convenient to read on line as modern people have
easy access to the Internet while having less and less time to frequent the
bookstore. Besides, reading e-books saves money. 　　Personally, I believe that e-books cannot be a substitute for all
traditional books. Although the former are more convenient and less expensive,
they cannot compete with the latter in at least the following aspects. First,
you can take a traditional book anywhere and read it anytime but you cannot
always have access to the Internet. Secondly, a truly valuable book deserves a
paper version for your computer may have the risk of breaking down. Last but not
least, to many people, only the smell of print and the feel of paper can provide
the true sense of reading and learning. 2007年12月英语六级作文真题及范文
　　Part Ⅰ Writing(30 minutes) 　　Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay
entitled The Digital Age. You should　write at least 150 words following the
outline given below. 　　1.如今数字化产品得到越来越广泛的使用，例如& 　　2.数字化产品的使用对人们工作、学习和生活产生的影响
范文 　　Living in the digital age, we are unavoidably exposed to all kinds of
digital products, such as digital camera, digital computer, digital television,
and so on, which grow in an increasing categories and quantities. Believe it or
not, look around yourself and you can easily find one or two of these
stuffs. 　　Here is a question，what kind of influence do the digital products bring to
people&s life.? Frankly speaking, these modern digital products offer us a more
convenient life than before. For example, the digital camera makes it possible
to delete or correct the &unsuccessful& photo of ours, which was impossible with
the traditional camera. While, unfortunately, these fashionable digital items
have cultivated a generation more isolated from the real life. It is hard to
imagine that a man so accustomed to the digital mobile on-line chatting can be
capable of the practical communication with others. Finally, too much dependent
on the digital things, human seem to be more indifferent to the real world,
which we, though reluctant to admit, have to accept. 　　Thus, as the generation assailed by all kinds of digital miracles, we might
as well initiatively avoid some of them despite efficiency and comfort they can
supply. Don&t forget those old days when you were going to visit an old school
friend though there would be a long train journey, which, in today&s digital
era, has been thoroughly replaced by the digital on-line chatting. 2007年6月英语六级作文真题及范文
　　Part I Writing (30 minutes) 　　Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short
essay entitled Should One Expect a Reward When Doing a Good Deed? You should
write at least 150 words following the outline given below. 　　1. 有人做好事期望得到回报; 　　2. 有人认为应该像雷锋那样做好事不图回报; 　　3. 我的观点。
范文 　　Should One Expect a Reward When Doing a Good Deed 　　A great many people presume upon a reward when conducting a good deed.
First and foremost, there is a natural tendency to equate doing good deeds with
a certain amount of pecuniary reward, and reward with a certain sum of money.
What is more, they maintain that since the basis of contemporary society is
money, one of the major means of earning money is getting reward by conducting
good deeds. 　　Conversely, the vast majority of people assume that doing a good deed
should be based on people's individual consciousness of responsibility. Hence,
conducting a good deed is fulfilling itself and little significance should be
attached to monetary reward. Numerous illustrations can be given, but this will
suffice. Mr. Leifeng lived an austere life dedicated to doing good deeds without
expecting any reward and helping people from all walks of life, yet he was
remembered as one of the most successful idol of our time. 　　Generally speaking, it is imperative for us to conduct good deeds without
expecting any rewards. For one thing, we should appeal to the authorities to
legislate laws and regulations to encourage people to do good deeds. For
another, we should cultivate people's awareness that conducting good deeds is
extremely crucial to us. It is universally acknowledged that we do this for
enjoyment, self-fulfillment and spiritual enhancement, not for the purpose of
英语六级快速阅读真题及答案
2012年12月六级快速阅读真题及答案
2012年6月六级快速阅读真题及答案
2011年12月六级快速阅读真题及答案
2011年6月六级快速阅读真题及答案
2010年12月六级快速阅读真题及答案
2010年6月六级快速阅读真题及答案
2009年12月六级快速阅读真题及答案
2009年6月六级快速阅读真题及答案
2008年12月六级快速阅读真题及答案
2008年6月六级快速阅读真题及答案
2007年12月六级快速阅读真题及答案
2007年6月六级快速阅读真题及答案
2012年12月六级快速阅读真题及答案
　　Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) 　　Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage
quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose
the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions
8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. 　　Thirst grows for living unplugged 　　More people are taking breaks from the connected life amid the stillness
and quiet of retreats like the Jesuit Center in Wernersville, Pennsylvania. 　　About a year ago, I flew to Singapore to join the writer Malcolm Gladwell,
the fashion designer Marc Ecko and the graphic designer Stefan Sagmeister in
addressing a group of advertising people on &Marketing to the Child of
Tomorrow.& Soon after I arrived, the chief executive of the agency that had
invited us took me aside. What he was most interested in, he began, was
stillness and quiet. 　　A few months later, I read an interview with the well-known cutting-edge
designer Philippe Starck. 　　What allowed him to remain so consistently ahead of the curve? &I never
read any magazines or watch TV,& he said, perhaps with a little exaggeration.
&Nor do I go to cocktail parties, dinners or anything like that.& He lived
outside conventional ideas, he implied, because &I live alone mostly, in the
middle of nowhere.& 　　Around the same time, I noticed that those who part with $2,285 a night to
stay in a cliff-top room at the Post Ranch Inn in Big Sur, California, pay
partly for the privilege of not having a TV the future of
travel, I&m reliably told, lies in &black-hole resorts,& which charge high
prices precisely because you can&t get online in their rooms. 　　Has it really come to this? 　　The more ways we have to connect, the more many of us seem desperate to
unplug. Internet rescue camps in South Korea and China try to save kids addicted
to the screen. 　　Writer friends of mine pay good money to get the Freedom software that
enables them to disable the very Internet connections that seemed so
emancipating not long ago. Even Intel experimented in 2007 with conferring four
uninterrupted hours of quiet time (no phone or e-mail) every Tuesday morning on
300 engineers and managers. Workers were not allowed to use the phone or send
e-mail, but simply had the chance to clear their heads and to hear themselves
think. 　　The average American spends at least eight and a half hours a day in front
of a screen, Nicholas Carr notes in his book The Shallows. The average American
teenager sends or receives 75 text messages a day, though one girl managed to
handle an average of 10,000 every 24 hours for a month. 　　Since luxury is a function of scarcity, the children of tomorrow will long
for nothing more than intervals of freedom from all the blinking machines,
streaming videos and scrolling headlines that leave them feeling empty and too
full all at once. 　　The urgency of slowing down&to find the time and space to think&is nothing
new, of course, and wiser souls have always reminded us that the more attention
we pay to the moment, the less time and energy we have to place it in some
larger context. &Distraction is the only thing that consoles us for our
miseries,& the French philosopher Blaise Pascal wrote in the 17th century, &and
yet it is itself the greatest of our miseries.& He also famously remarked that
all of man&s problems come from his inability to sit quietly in a room
alone. 　　When telegraphs and trains brought in the idea that convenience was more
important than content, Henry David Thoreau reminded us that &the man whose
horse trots (奔跑), a mile in a minute does not carry the most important
messages.& 　　Marshall McLuhan, who came closer than most to seeing what was coming,
warned, &When things come at you very fast, naturally you lose touch with
yourself.& 　　We have more and more ways to communicate, but less and less to say. Partly
because we are so busy communicating. And we are rushing to meet so many
deadlines that we hardly register that what we need most are lifelines. 　　So what to do? More and more people I know seem to be turning to yoga, or
meditation (沉思), or tai chi (太极);these aren&t New Age fads (时尚的事物) so much as
ways to connect with what could be called the wisdom of old age. Two friends of
mine observe an &Internet sabbath (安息日)& every week, turning off their online
connections from Friday night to Monday morning. Other friends take walks and
&forget& their cellphones at home. 　　A series of tests in recent years has shown, Mr. Carr points out, that
after spending time in quiet rural settings, subjects &exhibit greater
attentiveness, stronger memory and generally improved cognition. Their brains
become both calmer and sharper.& More than that, empathy (同感，共鸣)，as well as deep
thought, depends (as neuroscientists like Antonio Damasio have found) on neural
processes that are &inherently slow.& 　　I turn to eccentric measures to try to keep my mind sober and ensure that I
have time to do nothing at all (which is the only time when I can see what I
should be doing the rest of the time).?I have yet to use a cellphone and I have
never Tweeted or entered Facebook. I try not to go online till my day&s writing
is finished, and I moved from Manhattan to rural Japan in part so I could more
easily survive for long stretches entirely on foot. 　　None of this is a matter of asceticism (苦行主义);it is just pure selfishness.
Nothing makes me feel better than being in one place, absorbed in a book, a
conversation, or music. It is actually something deeper than mere happiness: it
is joy, which the monk (僧侣) David Steindl-Rast describes as &that kind of
happiness that doesn&t depend on what happens.& 　　It is vital, of course, to stay in touch with the world. But it is only by
having some distance from the world that you can see it whole, and understand
what you should be doing with it. 　　For more than 20 years, therefore, I have been going several times a
year&often for no longer than three days&to a Benedictine hermitage (修道院)，40
minutes down the road, as it happens, from the Post Ranch Inn. I don&t attend
services when I am there, and I have never meditated, I just
take walks and read and lose myself in the stillness, recalling that it is only
by stepping briefly away from my wife and bosses and friends that I will have
anything useful to bring to them. The last time I was in the hermitage, three
months ago, I happened to meet with a youngish-looking man with a 3-year-old boy
around his shoulders. 　　&You&re Pico, aren&t you?& the man said, and introduced himself as L
we had met, I gathered, 19 years before, when he had been living in the
hermitage as an assistant to one of the monks. 　　&What are you doing now?& I asked. 　　We smiled. No words were necessary. 　　&I try to bring my kids here as often as I can,& he went on. The child of
tomorrow, I realized, may actually be ahead of us, in terms of sensing not what
is new, but what is essential. 　　1. What is special about the Post Ranch Inn? 　　A) Its rooms are well furnished but dimly lit. 　　B) It makes guests feel like falling into a black hole. 　　C) There is no access to television in its rooms. 　　D) It provides all the luxuries its guests can think of. 　　2. What does the author say the children of tomorrow will need most? 　　A) Convenience and comfort in everyday life. 　　B) Time away from all electronic gadgets. 　　C) More activities to fill in their leisure time. 　　D) Greater chances for individual development. 　　3. What does the French philosopher Blaise Pascal say about
distraction? 　　A) It leads us to lots of mistakes. 　　B) It renders us unable to concentrate. 　　C) It helps release our excess energy. 　　D) It is our greatest misery in life. 　　4. According to Marshall McLuhan, what will happen if things come at us
very fast? 　　A) We will not know what to do with our own lives. 　　B) We will be busy receiving and sending messages. 　　C) We will find it difficult to meet our deadlines. 　　D) We will not notice what is going on around us. 　　5. What does the author say about yoga, meditation and tai chi? 　　A) They help people understand ancient wisdom. 　　B) They contribute to physical and mental health. 　　C) They are ways to communicate with nature. 　　D) They keep people from various distractions. 　　6. What is neuroscientist Antonio Damasio&s finding? 　　A) Quiet rural settings contribute a lot to long life. 　　B) One&s brain becomes sharp when it is activated. 　　C) Eccentric measures are needed to keep one&s mind sober. 　　D) When people think deeply, their neural processes are slow. 　　7. The author moved from Manhattan to rural Japan partly because he could
_______. 　　A) stay away from the noise of the big city. 　　B) live without modern transportation. 　　C) enjoy the beautiful view of the countryside. 　　D) practice asceticism in a local hermitage 　　8. In order to see the world whole, the author thinks it necessary to
__________. 　　9. The author takes walks and reads and loses himself in the stillness of
the hermitage so that he can bring his wife and bosses and friends
___________. 　　10. The youngish-looking man takes his little boy to the hermitage
frequently so that when he grows up he will know __________.
参考答案 　　1. There is no access to television in its rooms. 　　2. Time away from all electronic gadgets 　　3. It is our greatest misery in life 　　4. We will not know what to do with our own lives 　　5. They help people understand ancient wisdom 　　6. When people think deeply, their neural processes are slow 　　7. live without modern transportation 　　8. have some distance from it / the world. 　　9 something useful 　　10. what is essential 2012年6月六级快速阅读真题及答案
　　Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15minutes) 　　Directions: In this part. You will have 15 minutes to go over the passage
quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose
the best answer from the four choices marked A)、B)、C)and D). For questions 8-10,
complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. 　　The Three-Year Solution 　　Hartwick College, a small liberal-arts school in upstate New York, makes
New York, makes this offer to well prepared students: earn your undergraduate
degree in three years instead of four, and save about 543,000&the amount of one
year&s tuition and fees. A number of innovative colleges are making the same
offer to students anxious about saving time and money. That&s both an
opportunity and a warning for the best higher-education system in the world. 　　TheUnited Stateshas almost all of the world&s best universities. A recent
Chinese survey ranks 35 American universities among the top 50, eight among the
top 10. Our research universities have been the key to developing the
competitive advantages that help Americans produce 25% of all the world&s
wealth. In 5 of the world&s brightest students were attracted to
American universities. 　　Yet, there are signs of peril (危险)within American higher
education.U.S.colleges have to compete in the marketplace. Students may choose
among 6,000 public, private, nonprofit, for profit, or religious institutions of
higher learning. In addition, almost all of the 532 billion the federal
government provides for university research is awarded competitively. 　　But many colleges and universities are stuck in the past. For instance, the
idea of the fall-to-spring&school year&hasn&t changed much since before the
American Revolution, when we were a summer stretch no longer makes sense. Former
George Washington University president Stephen Trachtenberg estimates that a
typical college uses its facilities for academic purposes a little more than
half the calendar year.&While college facilities sit idle, they continue to
generate maintenance expenses that contribute to the high cost of running a
college,& he has written. 　　Within academic departments, tenure(终身职位)，combined with age-discrimination
laws, makes faculty turnover&critical for a university to remain current in
changing times&difficult. Instead of protecting speech and encouraging diversity
and innovative thinking, the tenure system often stifles(压制)them: younger
professors must win the approval of established colleagues for tenure,
encouraging like-mindedness and sometimes inhibiting the free flow of ideas. 　　Meanwhile, tuition has soared, leaving graduating students with
unprecedented loan debt. Strong campus presidents to manage these problems are
becoming harder to find, and to keep. In fact, students now stay on campus
almost as long as their presidents. The average amount of time students now take
to complete an undergraduate degree has stretched to six years and seven months
as students interrupted by work, inconvenienced by unavailable classes, or lured
by one more football season find it hard to graduate. 　　Congress has tried to help students with college costs through Pell Grants
and other forms of tuition support. But some of their fixes have made the
problem worse. The stack of congressional regulations governing federal student
grants and loans now stands twice as tall as I do. Filling out these forms
consumes 7% of every tuition dollar. 　　For all of these reasons, some colleges like Hartwick are rethinking the
old way of doing things and questioning decades-old assumptions about what a
college degree means. For instance, why does it have to take four years to earn
a diploma? This fall, 16 first-year students and four second-year students at
Hartwick enrolled in the school&s new three year degree program. According to
the college, the plan is designed for high-ability, highly motivated student who
wish to save money or to move along more rapidly toward advanced degrees. 　　By eliminating that extra year, there year degree students save 25% in
costs. Instead of taking30credits a year, these students take 40. During
January, Hartwick runs a four week course during which students may earn three
to four credits on or off campus, including a number of international sites.
Summer courses are not required, but a student may enroll in them&and pay extra.
Three year students get first crack at course registration. There are no changes
in the number of courses professors teach or in their pay. 　　The three-year degree isn&t a new idea. Geniuses have always breezed
through.JudsonCollege, a 350-student institution inAlabama, has offered students
a three-year option for 40 years. Students attend &short terms& in May and June
to earn the credits required for
graduation.BatesCollegeinMaineandBallStateUniversityinIndianaare among other
colleges offering three-year options. 　　Changes at the high-school level are also helping to make it easier for
many students to earn their undergraduate degrees in less time. One of five
students arrives at college today with Advanced Placement (AP) credits amounting
to a semester or more of college level work. Many universities, including large
schools like theUniversityofTexas, make it easy for these AP students to
graduate faster. 　　For students who don&t plan to stop with an undergraduate degree, the
three-year plan may have an even greater appeal. Dr. John Sergent, head of
VanderbiltUniversityMedicalSchool&s residency (住院医生) program, enrolled in
Vanderbilt&s undergraduate college in 1959. He entered medical school after only
three years as did four or five of his classmates.& My first year of medical
school counted as my senior year, which meant I had to take three to four labs a
week to get all my sciences in. I basically skipped my senior year,& says
Sergent. He still had time to be a student senator and meet his wife. 　　There are, however, drawbacks to moving through school at such a brisk
pace. For one, it deprives students of the luxury of time to roam (遨游)
intellectually. Compressing everything into three years also leaves less time
for growing up, engaging in extracurricular activities, and studying abroad. On
crowded campuses it could mean fewer opportunities to get into a prized
professor&s class.Iowa&sWaldorfCollege has graduated several hundred students in
its three-year degree program, but it now phasing out the option. Most Waldorf
students wanted the full four-year experience&academically, socially, and
athletically. And faculty members will be wary of any change that threatens the
core curriculum in the name of moving students into the workforce. 　　&Most high governmental officials seem to conceive of education in this
light&as a way to ensure economic competitiveness and continued economic
growth,& Derek Bok, former president of Harvard, told The Washington Post. &I
strongly disagree with this approach.& Another risk: the new campus schedules
might eventually produce less revenue for the institution and longer working
hours for faculty members. 　　Adopting a three-year option will not come easily to most school. Those
that wish to tackle tradition and make American campus more cost-conscious may
find it easier to take Trachtenberg&s advice: open campuses year-round.&You
could run two complete colleges, with two complete faculties,&he says.&That&s
without cutting the length of students& vacations, increasing class sizes, or
requiring faculty to teach more.& 　　Whether they experiment with three-year degrees, offer year-round classes,
challenge the tenure system&or all of the above&universities are slowly
realizing that to stay competitive and relevant they must adapt to a rapidly
changing world. 　　Expanding the three-year option may be difficult, but it may be less
difficult than asking Congress for additional financial help, asking legislators
for more state support, or asking students even higher tuition payments.
Campuses willing to adopt convenient schedules along with more focused,
less-expensive degrees may find that they have a competitive advantage in
attracting bright, motivated students. These sorts of innovations can help
American universities avoid the perils of success. 　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 　　Why didHartwickCollegestart three-year degree programs? 　　A) To create chances for the poor. C) To enroll more students. 　　B) To cut students& expenses. D) To solve its financial problems. 　　2. By quoting Stephen Trachtenberg the author wants to say that . 　　A) American universities are resistant to change 　　B) the summer vacation contributes to student growth 　　C) college facilities could be put to more effective use 　　D) the costs of running a university are soaring 　　3. The author thinks the tenure system in American universities . 　　A)suppresses creative thinking C) guarantees academic freedom 　　B) creates conflicts among colleagues D) is a sign of age
discrimination 　　4. What is said about the new three-year degree program at Hartwick? 　　A) Its students have to earn more credits each year. 　　B) Non-credit courses are eliminated altogether. 　　C) Its faculty members teach more hours a week. 　　D) Some summer courses are offered free of charge. 　　5. What do we learn aboutJudsonCollege&s three-year degree program? 　　A) It has been running for several decades. 　　B) It is open to the brightest students only. 　　C) It is the most successful in the country. 　　D) It has many practical courses on offer. 　　6. What changes in high schools help students earn undergraduate degrees in
three years? 　　A) Curriculums have been adapted to students& needs. 　　B) More students have Advanced Placement credits. 　　C) More elective courses are offered in high school. 　　D) The overall quality of education bas improved. 　　7. What is said to be a drawback of the three-year college program? 　　A) Students have to cope with too heavy a workload. 　　B) Students don&t have much time to roam intellectually. 　　C) Students have little time to gain practical experience. 　　D) Students don&t have prized professors to teach them. 　　8. College faculty members are afraid that the pretext of moving students
into the workforce might pose a threat to . 　　9. Universities are increasingly aware that they must adapt to a rapidly
changing world in order to . 　　10. Convenient academic schedules with more-focused, less-expensive degrees
will be more attractive to .
参考答案 　　1. B) To cut students& expenses 　　2. C) college facilities could be put to more effective use 　　3. A)suppresses creative thinking 　　4. A) Its students have to earn more credits each year. 　　5. A) It has been running for several decades. 　　6. B) More students have Advanced Placement credits. 　　7. B) Students don&t have much time to roam intellectually. 　　8. the core curriculum 　　9. stay competitive and relevant 　　10. bright, motivated students 2011年12月六级快速阅读真题及答案
　　Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) 　　Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage
quickly and answer thequestions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the
best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10,
complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. 　　Google's Plan for World's Biggest Online Library: Philanthropy Or Act of
Piracy? 　　In recent years, teams of workers dispatched by Google have been working
hard to make digital copies of books. So far, Google has scanned more than 10
million titles from libraries in America and Europe - including half a million
volumes held by the Bodleian in Oxford. The exact metho the
company does not allow outsiders to observe the process. 　　Why is Google undertaking such a venture? Why is it even interested in all
those out-of-printlibrary books, most of which have been gathering dust on
forgotten shelves for decades? Thecompany claims its motives are essentially
public-spirited. Its overall mission, after all, is to &organise the world's
information&, so it would be odd if that information did not include books. 　　The company likes to present itself as having lofty aspirations. &This
really isn't about making money. We are doing this for the good of society.& As
Santiago de la Mora, head of Google Books for Europe, puts it: &By making it
possible to search the millions of books that exist today, we hope to expand the
frontiers of human knowledge.& 　　Dan Clancy, the chief architect of Google Books, does seem genuine in his
conviction that thisis primarily a philanthropic (慈善的) exercise. &Google's core
business is search and find, soobviously what helps improve Google's search
engine is good for Google,& he says. &But we havenever built a spreadsheet
(电子数据表) outlining the financial benefits of this, and I have neverhad to justify
the amount I am spending to the company's founders.& 　　It is easy, talking to Clancy and his colleagues, to be swept along by
their missionary passion. But Google's book-scanning project is proving
controversial. Several opponents have recently emerged, ranging from rival tech
giants such as Microsoft and Amazon to small bodies representing authors and
publishers across the world. In broad terms, these opponents have levelled two
sets of criticisms at Google. 　　First, they have questioned whether the primary responsibility for
digitally archiving the world's books should be allowed to fall to a commercial
company. In a recent essay in the New YorkReview of Books, Robert Darnton, the
head of Harvard University's library, argued that because such books are a
common resource & the possession of us all & only public, not-for-profit
bodiesshould be given the power to control them. 　　The second related criticism is that Google's scanning of books is actually
illegal. This allegation has led to Google becoming mired in (陷入) a legal battle
whose scope and complexity makes the Jarndyce and Jarndyce case in Charles
Dickens' Bleak House look straightforward. 　　At its centre, however, is one simple issue: that of copyright. The
inconvenient fact about most books, to which Google has arguably paid
insufficient attention, is that they are protected by copyright. Copyright laws
differ from country to country, but in general protection extends for the
duration of an author's life and for a substantial period afterwards, thus
allowing the author's heirs to benefit. (In Britain and America, this post-death
period is 70 years.) This means, of course, that almost all of the books
published in the 20th century are still under copyright & and the last century
saw more books published than in all previous centuries combined. Of the roughly
40 million books in US libraries, for example, an estimated 32 million are in
copyright. Of these, some 27 million are out of print. 　　Outside the US, Google has made sure only to scan books that are out of
copyright and thus in the &public domain& (works such as the Bodleian's first
edition of Middlemarch, which anyone canread for free on Google Books
Search). 　　But, within the US, the company has scanned both in-copyright and
out-of-copyright works. Inits defence, Google points out that it displays only
small segments of books that are in copyright& arguing that such displays are
&fair use&. But critics allege that by making electronic copies of these books
without first seeking the permission of copyright holders, Google has committed
piracy. 　　&The key principle of copyright law has always been that works can be
copied only once authors have expressly given their permission,& says Piers
Blofeld, of the Sheil Land literary agency in London. &Google has reversed this
& it has simply copied all these works without bothering toask.& 　　In 2005, the Authors Guild of America, together with a group of US
publishers, launched aclass action suit (集团诉讼) against Google that, after more
than two years of negotiation, endedwith an announcement last October that
Google and the claimants had reached an out-of-courtsettlement. The full details
are complicated - the text alone runs to 385 pages& and trying tosummarise it is
no easy task. &Part of the problem is that it is basically incomprehensible,&
saysBlofeld, one of the settlement's most vocal British critics. 　　Broadly, the deal provides a mechanism for Google to compensate authors and
publishers whose rights it has breached (including giving them a share of any
future revenue it generates fromtheir works). In exchange for this, the rights
holders agree not to sue Google in future. 　　This settlement hands Google the power - but only with the agreement of
individual rights holders & to exploit its database of out-of-print books. It
can include them in subscription deals sold to libraries or sell them
individually under a consumer licence. It is these commercial provisions that
are proving the settlement's most controversial aspect. 　　Critics point out that, by giving Google the right to commercially exploit
its database, thesettlement paves the way for a subtle shift in the company's
role from provider of information to seller. &Google's business model has always
been to provide information for free, and sell advertising on the basis of the
traffic this generates,& points out James Grimmelmann, associate professor at
New York Law School. Now, he says, because of the settlement's provisions,
Google could become a significant force in bookselling. 　　Interest in this aspect of the settlement has focused on &orphan& works,
where there is noknown copyright holder & these make up an estimated 5-10% of
the books Google has scanned. Under the settlement, when no rights holders come
forward and register their interest in a work, commercial control automatically
reverts to Google. Google will be able to display up to 20% oforphan works for
free, include them in its subscription deals to libraries and sell them to
individual buyers under the consumer licence. 　　It is by no means certain that the settlement will be enacted (执行) & it is
the subject of afairness hearing in the US courts. But if it is enacted, Google
will in effect be off the hook as far as copyright violations in the US are
concerned. Many people are seriously concerned by this - and the company is
likely to face challenges in other courts around the world. 　　No one knows the precise use Google will make of the intellectual property
it has gained byscanning the world's library books, and the truth, as Gleick, an
American science writer and member of the Authors Guild, points out, is that the
company probably doesn't even know itself. But what is certain is that, in some
way or other, Google's entrance into digital bookselling will have a significant
impact on the book world in the years to come. 　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 　　1. Google claims its plan for the world's biggest online library is
_____. 　　A) to serve the interest of the general public 　　B) to encourage reading around the world 　　C) to save out-of-print books in libraries 　　D) to promote its core business of searching 　　2. According to Santiago de la Mora, Google's book-scanning project will
_____. 　　A) broaden humanity's intellectual horizons 　　B) help the broad masses of readers 　　C) revolutionise the entire book industry 　　D) make full use of the power of its search engine 　　3. Opponents of Google Books believe that digitally archiving the world's
books should be controlled by _____. 　　A) non-profit organisations C) multinational companies 　　B) the world's leading libraries D) the world's tech giants 　　4. Google has involved itself in a legal battle as it ignored _____. 　　A) the copyright of authors of out-of-print books 　　B) the copyright of the books it scanned 　　C) the interest of traditional booksellers 　　D) the differences of in-print and out-of-print books 　　5. Google defends its scanning in-copyright books by saying that _____. 　　A) it displays only a small part of their content 　　B) it is willing to compensate the copyright holders 　　C) making electronic copies of books is not a violation of copyright 　　D) the online display of in-copyright books is not for commercial use 　　6. What do we learn about the class action suit against Google? 　　A) It ended in a victory for the Authors Guild of America. 　　B) It was settled after more than two years of negotiation. 　　C) It failed to protect the interests of American publishers. 　　D) It could lead to more out-of-court settlements of such disputes. 　　7. What remained controversial after the class action suit ended? 　　A) The compensation for copyright holders. 　　B) The change in Google's business model. 　　C) Google's further exploitation of its database. 　　D) The commercial provisions of the settlement. 　　8. While _____, Google makes money by selling advertising. 　　9. Books whose copyright holders are not known are called _____. 　　10. Google's entrance into digital bookselling will tremendously _____ in
the future.
参考答案 　　1A.to serve the interest of the general public 　　2.A. broaden humanity's intellectual horizons 　　3. A.non-profit organisations 　　4.B. the copyright of the books it scanned 　　5. D. the online display of in-copyright books is not for commercial
use 　　6. B. It was settle after more than two years of negotiation. 　　7. D. The commercial provision of the settlement 　　8. Providing information for free 　　9. orphan works 　　10. change the world&s book market 2011年6月六级快速阅读真题及答案
　　Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) 　　Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage
quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose
the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions
8-10, complete the sen tences with the information given in the passage. 　　Minority Report 　　American universities are accepting more minorities than ever. Graduating
them is another matter. 　　Barry Mills, the president of Bowdoin College, was justifiably proud of
Bowdoin's efforts to recruit minority students. Since 2003 the small, elite
liberal arts school in Brunswick, Maine, has boosted the proportion of so-called
under-represented minority students in entering freshman classes from 8% to 13%.
&It is our responsibility to reach out and attract students to come to our kinds
of places,& he told a NEWSWEEK reporter. But Bowdoin has not done quite as well
when it comes to actually graduating minorities. While 9 out of 10 white
students routinely get their diplomas within six years, only 7 out of 10 black
students made it to graduation day in several recent classes. 　　&If you look at who enters college, it now looks like America,& says Hilary
Pennington, director of postsecondary programs for the Bill & Melinda Gates
Foundation, which has closely studied enrollment patterns in higher education.
&But if you look at who walks across the stage for a diploma, it's still largely
the white, upper-income population.& 　　The United States once had the highest graduation rate of any nation. Now
it stands 10th. For the first time in American history, there is the risk that
the rising generation will be less well educated than the previous one. The
graduation rate among 25- to 34-year-olds is no better than the rate for the 55-
to 64-year-olds who were going to college more than 30 years ago. Studies show
that more and more poor and non-white students want to graduate from college &
but their graduation rates fall far short of their dreams. The graduation rates
for blacks, Latinos, and Native Americans lag far behind the graduation rates
for whites and Asians. As the minority population grows in the United States,
low college graduation rates become a threat to national prosperity. 　　The problem is pronounced at public universities. In 2007 the University of
Wisconsin-Madison & one of the top five or so prestigious public universities &
graduated 81% of its white students within six years, but only 56% of its
blacks. At less-selective state schools, the numbers get worse. During the same
time frame, the University of Northern Iowa graduated 67% of its white students,
but only 39% of its blacks. Community colleges have low graduation rates
generally & but rock-bottom rates for minorities. A recent review of California
community colleges found that while a third of the Asian students picked up
their degrees, only 15% of African-Americans did so as well. 　　Private colleges and universities generally do better, partly because they
offer smaller classes and more personal attention. But when it comes to a
significant graduation gap, Bowdoin has company. Nearby Colby College logged an
18-point difference between white and black graduates in 2007 and 25 points in
2006. Middlebury College in Vermont, another top school, had a 19-point gap in
2007 and a 22-point gap in 2006. The most selective private schools & Harvard,
Yale, and Princeton & show almost no gap between black and white graduation
rates. But that may have more to do with their ability to select the best
students. According to data gathered by Harvard Law School professor Lani
Guinier, the most selective schools are more likely to choose blacks who have at
least one immigrant parent from Africa or the Caribbean than black students who
are descendants of American slaves. 　　&Higher education has been able to duck this issue for years, particularly
the more selective schools, by saying the responsibility is on the individual
student,& says Pennington of the Gates Foundation. &If they fail, it's their
fault.& Some critics blame affirmative action & students admitted with lower
test scores and grades from shaky high schools often struggle at elite schools.
But a bigger problem may be that poor high schools often send their students to
colleges for which they are &undermatched&: they could get into more elite,
richer schools, but instead go to community colleges and low-rated state schools
that lack the resources to help them. Some schools out for profit cynically
increase tuitions and count on student loans and federal aid to foot the bill &
knowing full well that the students won't make it. &The school keeps the money,
but the kid leaves with loads of debt and no degree and no ability to get a
better job. Colleges are not holding up their end,& says Amy Wilkins of the
Education Trust. 　　A college education is getting ever more expensive. Since 1982 tuitions
have been rising at roughly twice the rate of inflation. In 2008 the net cost of
attending a four-year public university & after financial aid & equaled 28% of
median (中间的)family income, while a four-year private university cost 76% of
median family income. More and more scholarships are based on merit, not need.
Poorer students are not always the best-informed consumers. Often they wind up
deeply in debt or simply unable to pay after a year or two and must drop
out. 　　There once was a time when universities took pride in their dropout rates.
Professors would begin the year by saying, &Look to the right and look to the
left. One of you is not going to be here by the end of the year.& But such a
Darwinian spirit is beginning to give way as at least a few colleges face up to
the graduation gap. At the University of Wisconsin-Madison, the gap has been
roughly halved over the last three years. The university has poured resources
into peer counseling to help students from inner-city schools adjust to the
rigor (严格要求)and faster pace of a university classroom &and also to help minority
students overcome the stereotype that they are less qualified. Wisconsin has a
&laserlike focus& on building up student skills in the first three months,
according to vice provost (教务长)Damon Williams. 　　State and federal governments could sharpen that focus everywhere by
broadly publishing minority graduation rates. For years private colleges such as
Princeton and MIT have had success bringing minorities onto campus in the summer
before freshman year to give them some prepara tory courses. The newer trend is
to start recruiting poor and non-white students as early as the seventh grade,
using innovative tools to identify kids with sophisticated verbal skills. Such
pro grams can be expensive, of course, but cheap compared with the millions
already invested in scholarships and grants for kids who have little chance to
graduate without special support. 　　With effort and money, the graduation gap can be closed. Washington and Lee
is a small, selective school in Lexington, Va. Its student body is less than 5%
black and less than 2% Latino. While the school usually graduated about 90% of
its whites, the graduation rate of its blacks and Latinos had dipped to 63% by
2007. &We went through a dramatic shift,& says Dawn Watkins, the vice president
for student affairs. The school aggressively pushed mentoring (辅导) of minorities
by other students and &partnering& with parents at a special pre-enrollment
session. The school had its first-ever black homecoming. Last spring the school
graduated the same proportion of minorities as it did whites. If the United
States wants to keep up in the global economic race, it will have to pay
systematic attention to graduating minorities, not just enrolling them. 　　注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 　　1. What is the author's main concern about American higher education? 　　A) The small proportion of minority students. 　　B) The low graduation rates of minority students. 　　C) The growing conflicts among ethnic groups. 　　D) The poor academic performance of students. 　　2. What was the pride of President Barry Mills of Bowdoin College? 　　A) The prestige of its liberal arts programs. 　　B) Its ranking among universities in Maine. 　　C) The high graduation rates of its students. 　　D) Its increased enrollment of minority students. 　　3. What is the risk facing America? 　　A) Its schools will be overwhelmed by the growing number of illegal
immigrants. 　　B) The rising generation will be less well educated than the previous
one. 　　C) More poor and non-white students will be denied access to college. 　　D) It is going to lose its competitive edge in higher education. 　　4. How many African-American students earned their degrees in California
community colleges according to a recent review? 　　A) Fifty-six percent. C) Fifteen percent. 　　B) Thirty-nine percent. D) Sixty-seven percent. 　　5. Harvard, Yale, and Princeton show almost no gap between black and white
graduation rates mainly because . 　　A) their students work harder C) their classes are generally smaller 　　B) they recruit the best students D) they give students more attention 　　6. How does Amy Wilkins of the Education Trust view minor}