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The International Standard Name Identifier (ISNI) is an identifier for uniquely identifying the public identities of contributors to media content such as books, television programmes, and newspaper articles. Such an identifier consists of 16 digits. It can optionally be displayed as divided into four blocks.
It was developed under the auspices of the
the valid standard was published on 15 March 2012. The ISO technical committee 46, subcommittee 9 () is responsible for the development of the standard.
ISNI can be used to disambiguate names that might otherwise be confused, and links the data about names that are collected and used in all sectors of the media industries.
The ISNI allows a single identity (such as an author's
used by a ) to be identified using a unique number. This unique number can then be linked to any of the numerous other identifiers that are used across the media industries to identify names and other forms of identity.
An example of the use of such a number is the identification of a musical performer who is also a writer both of music and of poems. Where he or she might currently be identified in many different databases using numerous private and public identification systems, under the ISNI system, he or she would have a single linking ISNI record. The many different databases could then exchange data about that particular identity without resorting to messy methods such as comparing text strings. An often quoted example in the English language world is the difficulty faced when identifying 'John Smith' in a database. While there may be many records for 'John Smith', it is not always clear which record refers to the specific 'John Smith' that is required.
If an author has published under several different names or pseudonyms, each such name will receive its own ISNI.
ISNI can be used by libraries and archives when sharing c for more precise searching for information online and in databases, and it can aid the management of rights across national borders and in the digital environment.
(Open Researcher and Contributor ID) identifiers consist of a reserved block of ISNI identifiers for scholarly researchers and administered by a separate organisation. Individual researchers can create and claim their own ORCID identifier. The two organisations coordinate their efforts.
ISNI is governed by an 'International Agency', commonly known as the ISNI-IA. This UK registered, not-for-profit company has been founded by a consortium of organisations consisting of the
(CISAC), the
(CENL), the
(IFRRO), the
(IPDA), the
(OCLC) and . It is managed by directors nominated from these organisations and, in the case of CENL, by representatives of the
ISNI-IA uses an assignment system comprising a user interface, ,
, and database that meets the requirements of the ISO standard, while also using existing technology where possible. The system is based primarily on the
(VIAF) service, which has been developed by OCLC for use in the aggregation of library catalogues.
Access to the assignment system and database, and to the numbers that are generated as the output of the process, are controlled by independent bodies known as 'registration agencies'. These registration agencies deal directly with customers, ensuring that data is provided in appropriate formats and recompensing the ISNI-IA for the cost of maintaining the assignment system. Registration agencies are appointed by ISNI-IA but will be managed and funded independently.
ISNI holds public records of over 9.41 million identities, including 8.757 million individuals (of which 2.606 million are researchers) and 654,074 organisations.
. About ORCID. ORCID 2013.
. ISNI 2013.
Smith-Yoshimura, Karen, Janifer Gatenby, Grace Agnew, Christopher Brown, Kate Byrne, Matt Carruthers, Peter Fletcher, Stephen Hearn, Xiaoli Li, Marina Muilwijk, Chew Chiat Naun, John Riemer, Roderick Sadler, Jing Wang, Glen Wiley, and Kayla Willey. 2016. Addressing the Challenges with Organizational Identifiers and ISNI. Dublin, Ohio: OCLC Research. .
has the property:
International numbering standards
standards by standard number
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Bowker将在ONIX2.1中加入ISNI
2014年12月,ProQuest附属机构Bowker将在ONIX2.1版中加入具有ISO认证的国际标准名称标识符（ISNI），提供给包括Barnes&Noble这样的零售商以及所有主流的搜索引擎使用，确保文献作者能够在用户进行搜索发现时被精准地识别出来。ISNI是应用于公共身份的独特的16位编码。这种单一标识符在许多应用中都得到应用，对相同的名称进行同步交替或者是不同的拼写，并且当名称相同或相似的时候消除混淆。ONIX2.1在图书交易中对任意格式的图书进行大量元数据的自动交换。现在有超过230万的作者使用ISNIs，他们的加入将大大提高系统的精度。
ISNI就在两年前成立，已有超过800万单的业务，很快被作者和其他有贡献者采用。它们被多个组织采用，比如Wikipedia，Digital
Science，ORCID，Virtual International
AuthorityFile(VIAF)以及其他许多看中这套标准拥有确定正确身份认证能力的组织。比如，ProQuest在它的Pivot，Flow和学术解决方案社区中添加ISNI功能，使得学者们能够在概要文件中包括ISNIs。
ISNI国际机构是一个世界性组织，服务于研究人员，版权管理机构，文献作者，音乐家和其他公共投稿者，它在2012年创造了ISNI标准。ISNI的作用像一个数据的链接：
首先，ISNI由一个登记机构进行分派，然后这个机构会将它在全球的数字信息产业中进行分享；
参与的组织将把它应用在它们数据库所储存的内容当中；
用户加入任意的使用ISNI的组织时，只需要一个名称或者是足够的背景数据（比如生日或者是书名）来瞄准正确的身份；
ISNI对于版权的管理，准确的版税，跨领域的链接尤其重要。​
组织或者个人可以通过一个注册机构比如Bowker来申请对于任意公共身份的ISNI——真实的或者是虚构的。了解更多关于ISNI能够使识别更容易的内容，访问：http://www.isni.org/
丁培、陈功编译自：
Bowkerto include ISNI in ONIX 2.1[]
http://librarytechnology.org/ltg-displaytext.pl?RC=20075
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