that在名词性从句,宾语从句省略that中的省略问题以及与what的区别

来源: 作者:安向娜;
小结宾语从句中不能省略that的情况
近年来,高考题对名词性从句的考查主要集中在以下几点:从属连词that和what的区别,whether和if的区别,名词性从句核定,该从句与其他从句的区别以及各种名词性从句的引导词之间的异同。今天笔者就名词性从句中宾语从句的从属连词that不能省略这一特殊情况加以总结,希望学生在今后的学习中注意。一般来说,从属连词that在宾语从句中只起连接作用,不在从句中做成分,没有实际意义,that在口语和非正式文体中可以省略,但是也有一些特殊情况:羹卿感握籍黝游藕瓣镶羚麟巍貉淤淤姗i彝瘾动瘾热翩翻渊黔卿曝翰期群藻麟蘸绷瓤粼潺麟脚淤霸橄歉娜箱糕黝耀He said(t hat) the exhibition was exeellentand that he wanted to visit it onee more.他说这次展览非常棒,他还想再看一次。He said(t hat) he had eaten nothing,andthat he was hungry.他说他没吃东西,很饿。叙瑙髓麟编黔曝熬藉黝猫蒸瀚献撇牛鞠熊嵘撬撇曝戮糕籍濒鞘翰黝斜瓤黔黔麟轰诩昨) Just ......(本文共计2页)
       
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that引导名词性从句用法详解
作者:网编整理&&来源:新东方论坛&&时间:
  如何来掌握that引导的名词性从句呢?我认为应从以下几个方面掌握:
  一.that 在名词性从句中,起连词的作用,在从句中不起语法功能,即不作任何成分,也不含有任何意义,引导名词性从句时,不可省略,故称:“三不”。
  二.that引导名词性从句的特点
  1.that引导同位语从句:
  当that引导同位语从句时,that从句前常有名词,
  1) The idea that england stands for fish & chips ,speaker’corner, big ben and the tower of london is past
  2) The fact that great britain is made up of three countries is still unknown to many.
  3) The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering
  与 that 同位的名词常有下列名词:
  news ,fact, hope, idea, suggestion, promise, thought, doubt, belief, truth, request, proposal, demand etc.
  2. that 引导表语从句
  当that引导表语从句时,常用下列句式:
  it happens that….
  it appears that….
  it seems that….
  it turns out that….
  it proves that….
  the reason is that…
  1) It appears that he has gone mad。他好像是疯了。
  2) It proves that his promise is wrong.。 他的预言证明是错误的。
  3) The reason is that he has not passed the exam. 原因是他考试没有及格。
  4) It turns out that the situation is quite serious.形势结果是相当严重的。
  3. that 引导主语从句
  由连词引导的主语从句,在大多数情况下被放到句子的后面,用it 作形式主语来代替它的位置。常见的以it作形式主语的主语从句的句型有三种。
  a.it + be + 形容词+that从句
  适用于这种句型的常见形容词有:necessary,clear,true,strange,important,wonderful,possible,likely,abvious,surprising etc。
  1) It’s clear that they badly need help。很明显,他们急需援助。
  2) It is likely that a hurricane will arrive soon. 很可能飓风马上就要来了。
  3) It’s possible that we can carry out the project at last. 最终我们能完成这项工程是有可能的。
  *** necessary,clear,true,strange,important,wonderful,possible, likely, obvious, surprising, ashtonishing,etc.谓语动词的形式一般为“should + 动词原形”
  4) It is necessary that you (should)master the computer. 你很有必要掌握电脑。
  5) It is important that a student learn english well. 学生学好英语很重要。
  6) It is strange that he should have killed himself .真奇怪,他竟然自杀了
  b. it +be +名词词组+ that从句
  常用于这种句型的名词词组有:a fact, a good idea,a pity,an hour,a shame,no wonder,good news etc.
  1) it’s a pity that you missed the film.你没有看那部电影真是太遗憾了。
  2) ――tom has a bad cold. 汤姆患了重感冒。
  ――it is no wonder that he looks pale. ――难怪他看起来脸色苍白。
  3) It it a great shame that he should have stolen a pen. 他竟然偷钢笔,真是太丢脸了。
  shame 所用的句中要用虚拟语气。
  c.it + be+ 过去分词+ that从句
  常有的过去分词有:said,reported, hoped,belived, expected, decided, well-known, thought, suggested 等。
  1) It is well-known that the earth moves around the sun.众所周知,地球围绕太阳转。
  2) It’s reported that the two countries have made an agreement about their trades.
  据报道这两个国家就贸易问题达成协议。
  3) It’s said that the rocket has been sent off& in the space successfully.
  据说火箭已经成功地发射到宇宙中。
  **过去分词表示:建议,命令,愿望如suggested , ordered, requested等词时,从句需用虚拟语气。动词形式为:should + 原型。
  1) It is requested that mr.wang (should)give a performance.有人请求王先生表演一个节目。
  2) It is suggested that we should discuss the problem .有人建议我们应该讨论一下这个问题。
  4.that 引导宾语从句
  a.哪些词后面常接that引导的宾语从句?
  主句的谓语动词是say,think,tell, know,hear,see,feel,mean,hope,wish, remember,forget等时,或主句的谓语动词是由形容词afraid,glad,sure,sorry等作表语的系表结构时,后面常接that引导的宾语从句。例如:
  He says that he wants to speak to the headmaster.他说他想和校长说话。
  I think that we need to buy some meat for the party.我认为我们需要为聚会买些肉。
  I'm sorry(that)he isn't here right now.对不起,此刻他不在。
  b.从句的引导词that能省略吗?
  that引导的宾语从句用来陈述事实,that本身无词义,在从句中不作任何成分,在口语中常常省略。例如:
  I guess somebody else has borrowed it.我猜是别的人把它借走了。
  I'm afraid you'll have to wait.恐怕你得等一下。
  注意:从句前面有插入语时,引导词 that不能省略;如果有两个并列的宾语从句,第二个从句的引导词that也不能省略。例如:
  She may tell you,for example,that she is interested in Chinese.例如,她可能会告诉你,她对汉语感兴趣。
  Mr Read said(that)he taught English in a middle schoolin Beijing and that he came from Australia.里德先生说他在北京的一所中学教英语,他来自澳大利亚。
  (责任编辑:胡静平)
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名词性从句中what和that用法辨
2011年第4期目录
&&&&&&本期共收录文章14篇
  名词性从句可以分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四种,在选用引导词时,what和that极易被混淆,让我们从用法上来看看两者的区别。 中国论文网 /9/view-874396.htm  (1) what在从句中担任句子成分,that不担任   what在引导名词性从句时往往在从句中担任一定成分,表示疑问、感叹或指代“所……的人/事物”;而that引导名词性从句时仅作引导词,无意义,所以它引导的从句本身必定是完整的。例如:   主语从句What Mary is is a secret. (what表示疑问)That he finished the work in such a short time surprised us all.   宾语从句I don’t know what a naughty boy he is. (what表示感叹)He said that he would go to the college the next year.   表语从句This book is what I want to tell you about. (what相当于the one that)The fact is that he has not been seen recently.   同位语从句They have no idea at all what he is working on. (what表示疑问)Word came that their team had won the championship.   (2) what在任何从句中都不能省略,that引导宾语从句时有时可以省略   由于what在其引导的从句中担任一定的句子成分,所以任何时候都不能省略;而that在名词性从句中只起引导作用,不担任句子成分,在宾语从句中有时可以省略,但在其他三种名词性从句中不能省略。   例如,What she told me is not true一句中,what在主语从句中作told的宾语,不能省略,也不能用that代替,否则句子不完整;John said (that) he was leaving for London on Wednesday一句中,宾语从句句意完整,故用that,且that可省略。   但在以下几种情况中,宾语从句中的that不能省略。   ■当宾语从句被分隔时。如I don’t doubt, in any case, that he keeps his word一句中,从句被短语in any case分隔,that不能省略。   ■当宾语从句本身为复合句时。如He told me that if he was free he would drive me there一句中,从句if he was free he would drive me there本身为复合句,that不能省略。   ■当宾语从句的主语为that时。如The man said that that was really an adventure to him一句中,从句的主语为that,为避免混淆,引导词that不能省略。   ■当有并列的宾语从句时。如Everyone could see what was happening and that poor Tom was nearly frightened一句中,动词see的宾语是由and连接的、分别用what和that引导的两个并列的从句,that不能省略。如果省略that,整个句子就会成为由and连接的并列句,句意与原句不同。   (3) that引导的主语从句可以后置,what引导的主语从句中只有表示疑问含义的可以后置   主语从句位于句首会使句子显得“头重脚轻”,因此常把它移到句子的尾部,前面用it作形式主语。这在that引导的主语从句中最常见,如:   It is clear to anyone with eyes that the animal looks like a wall. = That the animal looks like a wall is clear to anyone with eyes.   很多时候,It is...that...已成为一种惯用句型,如It is a pity that..., It is strange that...等。但要注意,像It is more time that we need这样的句子是It is...that...构成的强调句型,不可与主语从句后置相混淆。   而what只有引导表疑问含义的主语从句时,才可以用it作形式主语,将从句后置,如:   It is not yet decided what will be done next. = What will be done next is not yet decided.   (4) what引导的从句可以作介词的宾语,that引导的从句只能作部分介词的宾语   what引导的从句用作介词的宾语很常见,例如:With his camera, he kept taking pictures of what he did and saw.   但只有少数几个介词,如except, but, in后面可以直接跟that引导的宾语从句,其他介词后面须加it作形式宾语,才可以接that引导的宾语从句。例如:   The two brothers are similar in that they both like sports.   The room is comfortable to live in except that the furniture are a bit too old.   You can depend on it that he’ll try his best to help us.(it是形式宾语)   (5) what引导的从句可以作宾语补足语,that引导的从句不可以   what引导的名词性从句可以充当宾语补足语,而that引导的则不行。例如:We will make the factory twice what it is today(我们将把工厂扩大到今天的两倍)一句中,twice what it is today是宾语the factory的补足语。      【牛刀小试】   1.fashion differs from country to country may reflect certain cultural differences.   A. What B. That C. This D. Which   2. It is not yet pretty well understoodmakes the rainforest disappear year by year.   A. that B. when C. what D. how   3.impressed me most wassuch a little boy could play the violin so well.   A. T what B. W that C. T that D. W what
  4. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longerit was 20 years ago.   A. what B. that C. how D. which   5. The reason why he was late washe had taken a wrong bus.   A. because B. whether C. what D. that   6. Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the headmasterhe had done the day before.   A. that B. how C. where D. what   7. He told uswhen he was young, he decided to travel around the world.   A. that B. what C. if D. /   8. Please see to itthere are enough seats for all of the guests.   A. what B. which C. that D. where   9. I have another question _____ we shall do next.   A. that B. what C. if D. this   10. It was what you do rather thanyou saymatters.   A. what B. what C. that D. that      【参考答案】   1. B (主语从句,句意已完整,用that引导)   2. C (主语从句,动词makes需要主语,用what引导)   3. B (主语从句中,动词impressed需要能担任主语的引导词,故用what引导;was后的表语从句不缺成分,故用that引导)   4. A (后半句是一个表语从句,what作从句中的表语,意为the school that)   5. D (引导一个句意完整的表语从句,用that)   6. D (从句中的动词had done需要宾语,故用what)   7. A (宾语从句本身为复合句,因此引导词that不能省略)   8. C (介词to后须先用形式宾语it,才能跟that引导的宾语从句)   9. B (what引导同位语从句,且在从句中作谓语动词do的宾语)   10. D (It was... that matters是一个强调句型,所以第二空选that;被强调的是动词matters的主语从句,what在主语从句中作动词say的宾语)      KEYs to The House of 1,000 Mirrors:   ①of ②lifted ③wagging ④his ⑤who   ⑥and ⑦to see ⑧to ⑨never ⑩faces   All the faces in the world are mirrors. Others’ reflections depend on you yourself.
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