在二月13日星期六下午英语介词用法大全什么

高考英语:介词用法口诀大全_百度文库
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介词用法口诀大全
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介词用法口诀大全
&& 早、午、晚要用 in,at 黎明、午夜、点与分。
&& 年、月、年月、季节、周,阳光、灯、影、衣、帽 in。
&& 将来时态 in ... 以后,小处 at 大处 in。
&& 有形 with 无形 by,语言、单位、材料 in。
&& 特征、方面与方式,心情成语惯用 in。
&& 介词 at 和 to 表方向,攻击、位置、恶、善分。
&& 日子、日期、年月日,星期加上早、午、晚,
&& 收音、农场、值日 on,关于、基础、靠、著论。
&& 着、罢、出售、偷、公、假,故意、支付、相反,准。
&& 特定时日和&一&&就&,on 后常接动名词。
&& 年、月、日加早、午、晚,of 之前 on 代 in。
&& 步行、驴、马、玩笑 on,cab,carriage 则用 in。
&& at 山脚、门口、在当前,速、温、日落、价、核心。
&& 工具、和、同随 with,具有、独立、就、原因。
&& 就&&来说宾译主,对、有、方状、表细分。
&& 海、陆、空、车、偶、被 by,单数、人类 know to man。
&& this、that、tomorrow,yesterday,next、last、one。
&& 接年、月、季、星期、周,介词省略已习惯。
&& over、under 正上下,above、below 则不然,
&& 若与数量词连用,混合使用亦无关。
&& beyond 超出、无、不能,against 靠着,对与反。
&& besides,except 分内外,among 之内 along 沿。
&& 同类比较 except,加 for 异类记心间。
&& 原状 because of, owing to,due to 表语形容词。
&& under 后接修、建中,of,from 物、化分。
&& before,after 表一点, ago,later 表一段。
&& before 能接完成时,ago 过去极有限。
&& since 以来 during 间,since 时态多变换。
&& 与之相比 beside,除了 last but one。
&& 复不定 for、找、价、原,对、给、段、去、为、作、赞。
&& 快到、对、向 towards,工、学、军、城、北、上、南。
&& but for 否定用虚拟,复合介词待后言。
&& ing 型由于鉴,除了除外与包合。
&& 之后、关于、在&&方面,有关介词须记全。
&& in 内 to 外表位置,山、水、国界 to 在前。
&&& 如大体掌握如上介词用法口诀,就不易出错。当然,至于介词的详尽用法,同形词又是连词及副词等内容此章不讲。下面对该口诀分别举例帮助你理解消化。
早、午、晚要用 in
例:in the morning 在早上
&&& in the afternoon 在下午
&& in the evening 在晚上
&&& in the day 在白天
at 黎明、午、夜、点与分
例: at dawn, at daybreak 在黎明时候
&&& at noon 在中午
&&& at night 在夜间
&&& at midnight 在午夜
以上短语都不用冠词
&&& at six o'clock 在6点钟
&&& at 7:30 (seven thirty) 在7点半
&&& at half past eleven 在11点半
&&& at nine fifteen 在9点15 分
&&& at ten thirty a.m. 在上午10点30分也可以写成 seven to five 5点差7分(半小时以上)
&&& five minutes after two 2点过5分
&&& at a quarter to two 1点45分
&&& at the weekend 在周末
年、月、年月、季节、周
&&& 即在&某年&,在&某月&,在&某年某月& (但在某年某月某日则用 on),在四季,在第几周等都要用 in。
例;in 1986 在1986 年
&&& in 1927 在1927 年
&&& in april 在四月
&&& in march 在三月
&&& in december, 年12月
&&& in july, l983& 1983年7月
&&& in spring 在春季& in summer 在夏季
&&& in autumn 在秋季& in winter 在冬季
&&& in the fist week of this semester 这学期的第一周
&&& in the third week 在第三周
阳光、灯、影、衣、冒 in,
&&& 即在阳光下,在灯下,在树阴下,穿衣、着装、冒雨等都要用 in。
例:don't read in dim light. 切勿在暗淡的灯光下看书。
&&& they are reviewing their lessons in the bright light. 他们在明亮的灯光下复习功课。
&&& they are sitting in the shade of a tree. 他们坐在树阴下乘凉。
&&& a prisoner in irons 带着镣铐的囚犯
&&& he went in the rain to meet me at the station. 他冒雨到车站去接我。
&&& the poor dressed (clothed) in rags in old society. 旧社会穷人们衣衫褴褛.
以及:in the bright sunlight 在明亮的阳光下
&&& a merchant in disguise 乔装的商人
&&& the woman in white (black, red, yellow) 穿着白(黑、红、黄)色衣服的妇女
&&& in uniform 穿着制服
&&& in mourning 穿着丧服
&&& in brown shoes 穿着棕色鞋
&&& in his shirt sleeves 穿着衬衫
将来时态 in & 以后
例: they will come back in 10 days. 他们将10天以后回来。
&&& i'll come round in a day or two. 我一两天就回来。
&&& we'll be back in no time. 我们一会儿就回来。
&&& come and see me in two days' time. 两天后来看我。(从现在开始)
&&& after & (从过去开始)
小处 at 大处 in
例:li and i arrived at heishan county safe and sound, all is well. don't worry.
&& 李和我平安地到达黑山县,一切很好,勿念。
&&& i live in a great city (big city), my sister lives at a small town while my parents live at a village. 我住在大城市,我姐姐住在一个小城镇,而我的父母则住在农村。
&&& i'm in liaoning, at anshan. 我住在辽宁省鞍山市.
有形 with 无形 by,语言、单位、材料 in
例:the workers are paving a road with stone. 工人们正用石子铺路。(有形)
&&& the teacher is correcting the paper with a new pen. 这位教师正用一支新笔批改论文。(有形)
&&& &taking tiger mountain by strategy&is a good opera. &&智取威虎山&&是&出好戏。(无形)
&&& the product is separated by distillation into gasoline and gas oil. 这种产品是用蒸馏分离出汽油和粗柴油。(表示方式、手段、方法&&无形)
&&& i really can't express my idea in english freely in-deed.
&& 我确实不能用英语流利地表达我的思想。(表示某种语言用 in)
&&& i wrote a novel in russian. 我用俄语写了一本小说。(同上)
&&& the kilometer is the biggest unit of length in the metric system.
&& 公里是米制中最长的长度单位。(表示度、量、衡单位的用 in )
&&& the length is measured in meter, kilometre, and centimetre.
&& 长度是以米、公里、厘米为单位来计算的。(同上)
&&& this board was cast in bronze not in gold. 这个牌匾是铜铸的,不是金铸的。
特征、方面与方式、心情、成语惯用 in
特征或状态:
例: the democratic party was then in power. 那时民主党执政。
&&& they found the patient in a coma. 他们发现病人处于昏迷状态。
&&& he has not been in good health for some years. 他几年来身体一直不好。
&&& many who came in despair went away in hope. 许多人带着绝望情绪而来,却满怀希望而去。
&&& the house was in ruins. 这房屋成了废墟。
&&& the poor girl was in tears. 这个贫苦女孩泪流满面。
&&& her clothes were in rags. 她的衣服穿破了。
&&& his shoes were in holes. 他的鞋穿出窟窿了。
&&& i only said it in fun. 我说这话只是开玩笑的。
&&& she spoke in grief rather than in anger. 与其说她讲得很气愤,不如说她讲得很伤心。
还有一些短语也用 in,如:
&&& in jest 诙谐地,in joke 开玩笑地,in spite 恶意地, in fairness 公正地,in revenge 报复, in mercy 宽大,in sorrow 伤心地等。
&&& his mind was in great confusion. 他脑子里很乱。
&&& today everybody is in high spirits and no one is in low ebb.
&& 今天大家都兴高采烈,没有一个情绪低落的。
&&& she and her classmates are in flower ages. 她和她的同学都正值妙龄。
&&& the campaign was in full swing. 运动正值高潮中。
例:we accepted the item in principle. 我们在原则上接受了这个条款。
&&& they are never backward in giving their views. 他们从来不怕发表自己的意见。
&&& the backward area has achieved self-sufficient in grain.
&& 这个落后的地区在粮食方面已能自给。
&&& a good teacher must be an example in study. 一个好的教师必须是学习的模范。
例:all the speeches were taken down in shorthand. 所有报告都用速记记录下来了。
&&& the party has always educated us in the spirit of patriotism and internationalism.
&& 党一贯以爱国主义和国际主义精神教育我们。
如下成语惯用 in
例:in all 总计
&&& in advance 事前
&&& in the meantime 与此同时
&&& in place 适当地
&&& in hopes of(或 in the hope of) 怀着&&希望
&&& in connection with 和&&有关
&&& in contact with 和&&联系
&&& in addition to 除&&以外
&&& in case of 倘若,万一
&&& in conflict with 和&&冲突
&&& in force 有效的,大批
&&& in depth 彻底地
&&& in regard to 关于
&&& in the neighborhood of 大约、邻近
&&& in retrospect 回顾,一想起
&&& in behalf of 代表&&利益
&&& in the least 一点,丝毫
&&& in alarm 惊慌、担心
&&& in the opinion of 据&&见解
&&& in the long run 从长远说来
&&& in one's opinion 在&&看来
&&& in word 口头上
&&& in a word 总之
&&& in vain 无益地, 白白地
&&& in case 如果,万一,以防
&&& in detail 详细地
&&& in haste 急急忙忙地
&&& in conclusion 总之
&&& in spite of 尽管
&&& in other words & 换句话说
&&& in return 作为回报
&&& in the name of 以&&名义
&&& be confident in 对&&有信心
&&& be interested in 对&&感兴趣
&&& in doubt 怀疑
&&& in love 恋爱中
&&& in debt 负债
&&& in fun (jest、joke) 玩笑地
&&& in hesitation 犹豫不决
&&& in wonder 在惊奇中
&&& in public (secret) 公开他(秘密地)
&&& in a good humour 心情(情绪)好
&介词 at、to 表方向,攻击、位置、善、恶、分&。
&&& 介词 at 和 to 都可以表示方向; 用 at 表示方向时,侧重于攻击的目标,往往表示恶意;用to 表示方向时,突出运动的位置或动作的对象,侧重表示善意。试比较下列各句:
1. a.she came at me. 她向我扑过来。
&& b.she came to me. 她向我走过来。
2.a.jake ran at john. 杰克向约翰扑过去。
&& b.jake ran to john. 杰克朝约翰跑去。
3.a. he rushed at the woman with a sword. 他拿着剑向那妇女扑过去。
&& b. he rushed to the woman with a sword. 他带着剑向那妇女跑过去。
4.a.he shouted at the old man. 他大声喝斥那老人。
&& b. he shouted to the old man. 他大声向那老人说。
5.a.i heard her muttering at xiao li. 我听见她在抱怨小李。
&& b.i heard her muttering to xiao li. 我听见她在同小李低声说话。
6.a. she talked at you just now. 她刚才还说你坏话呢。
&& b.she talked to you just now. 她刚才还同你谈话呢.
7.a.she threw a bone at the dog. 她用一块骨头砸狗。
&& b.she threw a bone to the dog. 她把一块骨头扔给狗吃。
8.a.he presented a pistol at me. 他用手枪对着我。
&& b.he presented a pistol to me. 他赠送我一支手枪。
日子、日期、年月日,星期加上早午晚; 以下皆用 on。
例: on october the first 年10月1日
&&& on february the thirteenth l893 日
&&& on may the first 5月1日
&&& on the first 1号
&&& on the sixteenth 16号
&&& on the second of january 或 on january the second 1月2日
&&& on a summer evening 在夏天的一个夜晚
&&& on boxing day 在节礼日(圣诞节次日)
&&& on new year's day 在元旦
&&& on my birthday 在我的生日
&&& 但 in the christmas holidays 在圣诞节假期; in the eighteenth century 在十八世纪; in ancient times 在古代; in earlier times 在早期; in modern times 在现代,则用 in,at the present time 现在,at the present day 当今 则用 at。
&&& on may day 在&五&一&节
&&& on winter day 在冬天
&&& on december 12th 1950& l950年12月12日
&&& on sunday 在星期天
&&& on monday 在星期一
&&& on tuesday morning 星期二早晨
&&& on saturday afternoon 星期六下午
&&& on friday evening 星期五晚上
&&& 但 last night 昨夜;in the evening 在晚上; on time 准时,in time 及时,等则不同。
年月日,加早午晚,of 之前 on 代 in
例:on the morning of 18th 18日早晨
&&& on the evening of 4th& 4日晚上
&&& on the eve of their departure they gave a farewell banquet and their head gave a farewell speech. 他们在临行前夕举行了一次告别宴会,他们的团长发表了告别讲话。
收音、农场,值日 on
例:did your supervisor like the story over (or on) the radio last night?
&&& 您的导师喜欢昨天从收音机里听到的故事吗?
&&& i heard the news over (or on) the radio. 我从收音机里听到了这一条消息。
&&& talk over the radio 由无线电播音
&&& on tv 从电视里&&
&&& & hear something on the wireless 在无线电里听到
&&& my brother works on an army reclamation farm. 我哥哥在一个军垦农场工作。
&&& the students are working on a school farm. 学生们正在校办农场劳动。
&&& this is a farmer's house on a farm. 这是农场的农舍。
&&& who is on duty, today? 今天谁值日?
&&& we go on duty at 8 a.m. 我们上午8点钟上班。
关于、基础、靠、著论
例: this afternoon we are going to listen to a report on the international situation.
&&& 今天下午我们要听关于国际形势的报告。
&&& professor shen will give us a talk on traveling in america.
&&& 申教授将给我们做关于美国之行的报告。
&&& you are wrong on all these issues. 在这些问题上你的看法都错了。
&&& the belief is based on practical experience. 这种信念是以实际经验为基础的。
&&& theory must be based on practice. 理论必须以实践为基础。
&&& the people in the south live on rice. 南方人主食大米。(靠)
&&& the citizens live on their salaries. 城市人靠薪金生活。
&&& you can't afford luxuries, on an income of 100 yuan a month.
&&& 靠月薪100 元的收入,你是买不起奢侈品的。
&&& her pet dogs were fed on the choicest food. 她用精饲料喂养她心爱的狗。
&&& he is just a scrounger, who lives on other people. 他正是一个小偷,专靠损害别人过日子。
&&& keep the kettle on the boil (=boiling). 让水壶的水一直开着。
&&& the enemy are on the run (=running). 敌人在逃跑。
&&& on 后接 the 加上一个作名词的动词.其意义与现在分词所表达的相近。类似例子很多如:
&&& on the march 在行军中,on the mend 在好转中,on the prowl 徘徊,on the move 活动中,on the scrounge 巧取豪夺(俚语),on the go 活跃,忙碌,on the lookout 注意, 警戒,on the watch 监视着。on the hop 趁不备抓住某人等等。
&&& on the people's democratic dictatorship &&实践论&&和&&矛盾论&&
&&& on the people's democratic dictatorship &&论人民民主专政&&
&&& &on coalition government&&&论联合政府&&
着、罢、出售、偷、公、假,故意、支付,相反、准
&&& 注:口诀中的&着&是指着火,&罢&指罢工,&偷&指偷偷地,&公&指出差、办公事;&假&指休假,&准&指准时。
例:the house next to mine was on fire. 我邻居的房子着火了。
&&& the workers of the railway station were on strike. 铁路工人罢工了。
&&& grapes and big water melons from sinkiang are on sale on a large sale.
&& 新疆葡萄和西瓜大量上市了。
&&& do something on the sly (quiet). 秘密地(暗地里,偷偷地)做某事。
&&& i've come here on business. 我是有公事来的。
&&& they went to bern on a mission. 他们到伯尔尼去执行一项使命。
&&& they have been away on a long trip. 他们出去做一次长途旅行。
&&& i'll go home on leave next month. 下月我将休假回家。
&&& i went on business to shanghai. i did not take leave. 我是公出去上海的,不是不告而别。
&&& she came to see you on purpose. 她是专程来看你的。
&&& he came here on purpose to discuss it with you. 他到这来是要与你讨论这件事的。
&&& &this lunch is on me.&&这顿午饭我付钱。&
&&& && &no. let's go dutch.&&不,还是各付各的。&
&&&&& on the contrary, it was very easy to understand. 相反,这事儿很容易理解。
&&& p1ease come on time. (on schedule). 请准时来。
&&& 注:in time 是&及时&的意思。
&&& the train arrived on schedule. 火车准时到达。
特定时间和&一&&就&,左右 on 后动名词
例:gases expand on heating and contract on cooling. 气体加热时膨胀,冷却时收缩。(特定时间)
&&& on entering the room, he found his friends dancing in high spirits.
&& 一进屋,他就发现他的朋友们在愉快地跳舞。
&&& on reaching the city he called up lao yang. 一到城里他就给老杨打了一个电话。
&&& i'll write to him on hearing from you. 我接到你的来信就给他写信。(一&&就)
&&& 以及 on the left, right 向左向右,on the stair 在台阶上等。
步行、驴、马、玩笑 on,cab,carriage 用 in
例:on foot 步行; on horse 骑马; on donkey 骑驴。
&&& he rode on, blood flowing from his side. 他骑着马,鲜血从腰部流下来。
&&& the soldier of the eighth route army rode 100 li on a horse a day in order to catch up with his unit. 为赶上部队,那位八路军战士骑马日行百里。
&&& go on horse back! 骑马去!
&&& you are having me on! 你和我开玩笑呢!
&&& in cab 和 in carriage 不能用 on 或 by cab 或 carriage。
at 山脚、门口在当前,速、温、日落价核心
&&& 即在山脚下、在门口、在目前,速度、以&&速率、温度、在日落时、在&&核心要用at。
例:at the foot of the mountain, there are thirty of our comrades.
&&& 在山脚下,有我们30 个同志。
&&& there is a beautiful lake at the foot of the hill. 山脚下有一个美丽的湖。
&&& at the gate of the house there are many children playing glass ball.
&&& 门口有一大群孩子在玩玻璃球。
&&& who's standing there at the door? 谁站在门口?
&&& i don't need the dictionary at present. 我现在还不需要这本词典。
&&& he is at present in washington. 他目前正在华盛顿。
&&& the train runs at fifty kilometres an hour. 火车每小时行驶50 公里。
&&& we built the plant at top speed and minimum cost.
&& 我们以最低的投资,最高的速度修建了该工厂。
&&& at home 在国内,在家里
&&& at ten degrees centigrade 在摄氏10 度
&&& at minus ten degrees centigrade 摄氏零下10 度
&&& water freezes at 0&centigrade. 水在摄氏零度结冰。
&&& water usually boils at 100&. 水通常在摄氏100 度沸腾。
&&& at zero 在零度
&&& at the rate of 45 miles an hour
&&& at full speed 全速
&&& at a good price 高价
&&& at a low cost 低成本
&&& at a great cost 花了很大代价
&&& at that time 在当时
&&& evaporation takes place at all temperatures. 蒸发在任何温度下都能发生。
&&& at 1000 rpm (revolution per minute) 每分钟1000 转
&&& at a high speed 高速
&&& the soldiers launched an attack upon the enemy at sunset.
&&& 战士们在日落时对敌人发起了攻击。
&&& at daybreak 日出时
&&& the force at the core leading our cause forward is the chinese communist party.
&&& 领导我们事业的核心力量是中国共产党。
&&& the atom has a nucleus at its core. 在原子的中心有一个原子核。
&&& at the beginning of this term the teacher in charge of our class was very strict with us. 这学期开始,我们的班主任老师对我们要求非常严格。
&&& 以及 at the first session of the first national people's congress of the people's republic of china. 在中华人民共和国第一次全国人民代表大会第一次会议上.
常用的 at 短语有:
&&& at first 首先,开始时
&&& at least 至少
&&& at all events 无论如何
&&& at home 在家,无拘束
&&& at one stroke 一下子
&&& at a loss 不知怎办
&&& at any rate 不管怎样
&&& at length 详细地
&&& be at high tide 处于高潮期
&&& at our invitation 应我们的邀请
&&& at our request 应我们的请求
&&& at the news 听到这消息
&&& at the risk of 冒&&危险
&&& at a great expense 以巨大费用
&&& at a stroke 一举
&&& at intervals of 每隔
&&& at liberty 有权,随意
&&& at the sight of 一见到
&&& at the point of 接近,靠近
&&& at the thought of 一想到
&&& at the speed of 以&&速度
&&& at the cost (price) of 以&&为代价
&&& at leisure 闲着、失业
&&& at the disposal of 任凭&&使用
&&& at stake 在危险中、在成败关头
&&& at bottom 实际上、本质上
&&& at short notice 一得到通知
&&& at seeing us 看到我们
&&& at the happy tidings 听到喜讯
&&& at sixteen 在16岁时
&&& at the present stage 在现阶段
&&& at the weekend 周末
&&& at all times 永远
&&& at 405 victory road 在胜利路405号
工具、同、和、随 with,具有,独立、就、原因
例:we write with ball pens. 我们用油笔写字。(工具)
但& he write in blue ink. 他用蓝水笔写字(墨水用 in 不用 with)
&&& theory must go hand in hand with practice. 理论必须同实践相结合。(同)
&&& he is talking with friends. 他正同朋友们谈话。(同)
&&& i'd like to have a dinner with a friend. 我喜欢同朋友共同进餐。
&&& we must co-operate closely with them. 我们必须同他们紧密合作。(同)
&&& we, as human beings are going to leave, but friendship has taken roots among us and our hearts are linked with yours. 我们虽然就要走了,但是友谊却在我们之间扎了根,我们的心和你们的心是紧紧相连的。(和或同〕
&&& a cadre must become one with the masses.干部必须和群众打成一片。
&&& i'm with you. 我同意你。
&&& an atom is so small that we can't see it with a microscope.
&&& 原子太小,即使用显微镜也看不见它。(工具)
&&& in the past i had to part with my wife. 旧社会我不得不和妻子离别。(和)
&&& the socialist revolution is deepening with each passing day.
&&& 社会主义革命日益深入。(随着)
&&& they sail with the wind. 他们顺风航行。(随着)
&&& with the change of the economic foundation, the superstructure has to be transformed too. 随着经济基础的改变,上层建筑也必须改变。(随着)
&&& with the battle of waterloo, napoleon's rule in europe was ended.
&&& 滑铁卢一战,拿破仑对欧洲的统治就完蛋了。
&&& the modern electron tube. 随着电子管的发明而诞生了现代电子工业.
&&& she is with child. = she is in a very interesting condition. = in a family way, = she is pregnant (in pregnancy). 她怀孕了。(有)
但& she is with a child.意为:&她领着一个孩子。&
&&&&& china is a very large country with a long history. 中国是一个历史悠久的大国。(具有)
&&& china is a country with a population of ten billion people.
&&& 中国是一个有10 亿人口的国家。(具有)
&&& what is the matter with you? 怎么回事?(就,关于)
&&& how is it with you? 你怎么啦?(就,关于)
&&& everything was going well with them. 他们一切都进行得很顺利。(就&&)
&&& it is a very intense flash with a lot of power packed into it.
&&& 由于聚集了大量的能,所以闪光非常强烈。(独立结构)
注;即分词独立主格结构用 with。
&&& with a new welding technique introduced, the use of stainless steel was no longer limited to making small things only. 由于新的焊接技术的引进,不锈钢的使用就不仅仅局限在微小的物件上了。(独立结构)
&&& with all its beams advancing in step with each other the laser possessed very particular properties which no ordinary light ever has. 由于激光的光束同步,所以它具有普通光所没有的特殊性质。(独立结构)
&&& without the temperature or pressure changed matter can never change from one state into another. 没有温度或压力的变化,物质永远不能以一种状态变到另一种状态。(独立结构)
&&& the evil landlord was trembling with fear. 那个万恶的地主吓得浑身发抖。(原因)
&&& my wife's hands were rough with work. 我爱人因为老干活,手很租糙。(原因).
&&& with the help of my classmate's tape recorder i listen to the voice of america and b.b.c every day. 借助于我同学的录音机,我每天收听美国之音和b.b.c。(原因)
&&& with television, we can see all kinds of programmes on the screen sitting at home without going to the movies and theatres. 因为有了电视,我们坐在家里就能看到各种节目, 而不必去影院、戏院了。(原因)
就&&来说宾译主,对、有、方状、表细分
&&& 这里的 with 后边的宾语常译成主语。
例:how are the things with you? 你情况怎样?
&&& what's wrong with your eyes? 你的眼睛怎么啦?
&&& something is wrong with my hands. 我手出点毛病。
&&& everything was going well with them. 他们一切都进行得很顺利。
&&& parents must be strict with their children. 父母对子女要严格。(对)
&&& the doctor was very patient with his patients. 那位医生对患者非常耐心。(对)
&&& i'm quite satisfied with your answer. 我对你的回答很满意。(对)
&&& many intellectuals with revolutionary tendencies went to the liberated areas.
&&& 许多带有革命倾向的知识分子都投奔解放区了。(有)
&&& these apartment houses are for workers with families. 这些住宅楼是给有家属的工人盖的。
&&& he was sitting in a chair with his hands folded.
&&& 他两手交叉在胸前坐在椅子上。(状语)独立结构
&&& they are highly mechanized farms, with machinery to do all the work.
&&& 它们是高度机械化的农场,所有工作都由机器进行。(状语)独立结构
上两句是 with 引出的复合结构。
&&& i will be with you again in half an hour. 过半个钟头我还会跟你们在一起的。
&&& (with 的介词短语作表语。另注意 in 将来时态 in 以后)
&&& our sympathies were with the students persecuted by the gang of four during the cultural revolution. 我们是非常同情&文革&中被&四人帮&迫害的青年学生的。(with 的介词短语作表语)。
海、陆、空、车、偶、被 by,单数人类 known to man
例: by land (air, sea, water, bus) 陆路(航空,水陆,水路,乘公共汽车)
&&& by micro bus 坐小面包车(微型汽车)
&&& by mini bus 坐小面包车
&&& by train 坐火车
&&& by trolley bus 坐无轨电车
&&& by tram 坐有轨电车
&&& by bike 骑自行车
&&& by motor car 骑摩托车
&&& by tube 坐地铁
&&& by airbus 坐大型客机(空中汽车〕
&&& by jeep 坐吉普车
&&& by chance 偶然
&&& by accident 偶然,无意中
以及 by virtue of 靠、由于
&&& by leaps and bounds 大幅度地
&&& by way of 经由
&&& by the book 按常规
&&& the list of discoveries by&accident&could fill a long book.
&&& 偶然的发现可以写一本很厚的书。(偶然)
&&& the law of relativity was formulated by einstein. 相对论是爱因斯坦创立的。(被动)
&&& the book was written by mr. zhang. 这本书是张先生写的。(被动)
&&& that in 1969 the first artificial satellite was launched to the space is known to man. 1969 年第一颗人造卫星上了天是众所周知的。
这里用 to man 而不用 by。即当单数又无冠词的 man 和 known 搭配时,表示人类不用 by。
this,that,tomorrow,yesterday,next, last, one
接年、月、季、星期、周,介词省略已习惯
例:一天 one day (不说 on one day)
&&& one summer 在一个夏天
&&& one year 一年
&&& last night 昨天夜里
&&& last friday 上个星期五
&&& last month 上月
&&& last year 去年
&&& yesterday afternoon 昨天下午
&&& tomorrow afternoon 明天下午
&&& tomorrow evening 明天晚上
&&& next month 下个月
&&& next week 下周
&&& next year 明年
&&& next saturday 下星期六
&&& this morning 今天早晨
&&& this year 今年
&&& this tuesday 本星期二
&&& this autumn 今年秋天
&&& that morning 那天早上
&&& that evening 那天晚上
&&& 无论前面介词 in、on 还是 at,通通可省略,不能说 at last night, on last friday, in last month, in this year 这些都是不对的,须去掉介词。
over, under 正上下,above, below 则不然
若与数量词连用,混合使用亦无关
例:there is a picture over the window. 窗户上面有一幅画。(正上方)
&&& the plane flew above the city. 飞机飞过城市上空。(高于城市并非正上方)
&&& a lamp was hanging over the table. 一盏灯是在方桌上方。(正上方)
&&& the moon was now above the trees in the east. 这时月亮已经在东边树林的上方。(非正上方)
&&& don't stand above the masses. 勿高踞于群众之上。(比喻一一非正上方)
&&& the mountain is 700 feet above sea level. 这座山海拔700米。(非正上方)
&&& there is a small building below the hill. 山下有座小楼房。(非正下方)
&&& there is a submarine under the water. 水下有艘潜水艇。(正下方)
&&& water was found ten feet below the surface. 在地面下10英尺处找到了水。(非正下方)
&&& the peasants are cooling themselves under the trees. 农民们正在树下乘凉。(正下方)
over under 正上下,低高 below 与 above
&&& the temperature in the room is below (or under) 30℃.
&&& 室温是摄氏30度以下。(数量词两者皆可)
&&& do you have anything in the way of computers below (under) $10000?
&&& 你们有哪些价格低于10000美元的计算机?
&&& (数量词两者皆可〕
beyond 超出、无、不能
例:it's quite beyond me (it is more than i can understand). 这我完全不懂。
&&& don't stay out beyond 10 o'clock. 不要在外呆到10点以后还不回家。
&&& but the gratitude from the bottom of my heart to the students and my old colleagues, has gone beyond my control. 发自肺腑的对学生们和我的老同事们的感激之心使我毫不紧张,毫不拘束;
&&& your work is beyond all praise, so good that it can't be praised enough.
&&& 你的成绩是赞扬不尽的。
&&& that is going beyond a joke, passes the limits of what is reasonable as a joke.
&&& 那样开玩笑太过火了。
&&& they were touched beyond words. 他们被感动得无法形容。(无)
&&& to do this was quite beyond all doubts. 办这事我无能为力。(超出)
&&& this is inevitable and beyond all doubts. 这是必然的,毫无疑义的。(无)
&&& 另外, beyond two cottages stood his house.
&&& 句子中的 beyond 是&那边&的意思。
against 靠着,对与反
例: in front of the wardrobe there are two upholstered armchairs arranged against the south wall near the door. 立柜前面是两把沙发椅,靠着南城门附近。(靠着)
&&& she leaned wearily against the railings. 她疲惫地靠着栏杆站着。(靠着)
&&& a new president was elected by a majority of 274 votes against 110.
&&& 新总统以274票对110票的多数当选。 (对&&)
besides, except 分内外,among 之内 along 沿
例:the design has many other advantages besides lower cost.
&&& 除费用低外,该设计还有许多其他优点。(优点包括在内)
&&& he had no time to prepare his lecture, besides which he was unwell.
&&& 他没有时间准备讲稿,而且他的身体也不大舒适。
&&& every one of us, except her, went to see the exhibition. 除她外,我们都去参观了展览会。
&&& he gets up early every day except sunday. 除星期日外他每天早起。
&&& nobody was late except me. 除我以外,没人迟到。
同类比较 except,加 for 异类记心间。
&&& he's composition is good, except for some spelling mistakes.
&&& 他的这篇作文写得很好,只是有几处拼写错误。(非同类比较用 except for)
&&& she was all alone in the world except for an old aunt. 除了有一个老姑妈,她别无亲人。
&&& anna felt disappointed when she found out they had gone swimming without her. (without = except) 当安娜发现除她外,他们都去游泳了,她感到很失望。
&&& lion head hill is not worth seeing except for its old temples.
&&& 除了那些古寺以外,狮头山没什么可看的。
&&& among other things, we are interested in drawing.
&&& 我们对图画和别的一些东西很感兴趣。(among 之内即包括在内)
原状 because of, owing to, due to 表语形容词
例:owing to our joint efforts, the task was fulfilled ahead of schedule.
&&& 由于我们的共同努力,任务提前完成了。
注:owing to 和 because of 都做原因状语,而 due to 只能做表语形容词。所以此句。owing to 的介词短语做原因状语。
&&& aii our achievements are due to the correct leadership of our party.
&&& 我们的一切成绩都归功于党。(due to 做表语形容词)
under 后接修、建中,of,from 物化分
例:the road is under repair now. 这条路正在修建中。
&&& the now railway is still under construction. 新铁路尚在修筑中。(不能用 in)
&&& under discussion 在讨论中(不能用 in) under considerate 在考虑中(不能用 in)
&&& the desk is made of wood. 桌子是木头做的。(物理变化用 of)
&&& the wine is made from grape. 这种酒是用葡萄酿造的。(化学变化用 from)
&&& the bridge is made of steel. 这座桥是钢制的。(物理变化)
&&& steel is made from iron. 钢是由铁炼成的。(化学变化)
before, after 表一点,ago, later 表示一段
即& before, after 常表示一个点的时间状语,而 ago,later 常表示一段的时间状语。
例如:前天 the
大上星期 the week before last 等等都表示点状语的。
&&& 要想准确无误地使用好 before 和 ago, after 和 later 比较困难,但要是以&点&和&段&来区别就容易得多。
例:晚饭前 before supper
&&& 解放前 before liberation
&&& 1970 年前 before 1970
&&& 文革前 before cultural revolution
&&& 国庆前 before national day
&&& 入大学前 before coming to college
这些都是&点&状语,因为1970年前即日前。国庆节即10月1日前。
ago 表示一段时间。
例:一分钟前 a minute ago
&&& 半小时前 half an hour ago
&&& 两天前 two days ago
&&& 一星期前 a week ago
&&& 五年前 five years ago
&&& 因为 a minute, half an hour, two days, a week, five years 等都表示一段时间,所以用 ago。以及 ten days later 等皆如此。
before 可接完成时,ago 过去级有限
&&& 这时的 before 是连词(也可做介词)
例:we had scarcely left our school before it began to rain.
&&& 我们刚离开学校,天就下雨了。(完成时)
&&& i had studied french for four months before i came here.
&&& 我来这儿以前就已学了四个月法语了。(before 接完成时)
&&& he fell ill three days ago.
&&& 他病了三天了。(ago 则只能接动词过去式,同时注意瞬间动词的问题。)
&&& he left two months ago. 两个月前他离开了。(同上)
&&& i met her a few minutes ago. 我在几分钟前碰到他了。(同上)
since 以来 during 间,since 时态多变换
&&& 与之相比 beside, 除了 last but one。
即 beside 的一般用法是&在&&旁边&, 但还有&和&&相比&等特殊用法。
例:i felt so weak in spoken english beside them. 和他们相比,我感到我的口语太差。
&&& beside work and study, all else was trivial. 同工作和学习比起来,其他一切都是小事。
&&& 除了 last but one,即 but 多指&除了&的意思,也有&倒数第几&的意思。last but one 即不是最后一个。
例:i haven't told anybody but one. 除了我爱人,我谁也没告诉。(除了)
&&& who but a fool would study foreign language well if he is a hard working one.
&&& 如果他勤奋好学的话,除了傻瓜谁都能学好外语。(除了)
&&& look at the last page but one. 请看倒数第2页。
&&& he was the last but three in maths examination this time. 他这次数学考试成绩倒数第四。
&&& they live in the next house but one. 他们住在隔壁过去一家。
复不定 for、找,价,原,对,给,段,去,为,作,赞
&&& 复不定 for,即用 for 引出的不定式复合结构,也就是 for 加名(代)加不定式;找,意为找到,提供; 价,意为价格、工资;原,意为原因;段,意为时间或距离; 去,意为去某地或开往某地;作,意为作为; 赞,意为赞成(用于系表结构。)
例:it is high time for us to start. 我们不该再迟延了。
&&& the most urgent thing is for us to get the preparation done.
&&& 最重要的事情是我们要把准备工作做好。
&&& i don't think it advisable for him to study medicine. 我想她学医不适合。
&&& your parents and relatives are anxious for you to go to college.
&&& 你的父母和亲戚渴望你上大学。
&&& my home town has changed too much for me to recognize.
&&& 我的家乡变化太大,简直认不出来了。
&&& 以上例句都是 for 在不定式复合结构中的用法。
&&& someone is asking for you on the telephone. 有人找你接电话。(找)
&&& you'd better write to me for more information about it.
&&& 如需更多这方面的资科和信息,你最好给我写信。(提问,索要)
&&& they worked in the company for 200 yuan a month. 他们在这个公司干活,每月嫌200元。(价格)
&&& how much did you pay for the second-hand colour tv? 这台用过的彩电你花了多少钱?(价格)
&&& thank you very much for your coming. 谢谢您的光临。(原因)
&&& thank you for your warm hospitality. 谢谢您的热情款待。(原因)
&&& forgive me for being tardy. 请原谅我迟到了。(原因)
&&& i'm much obliged to you for telling me. 非常感谢你给我谈了这个情况。(原因)
&&& we have boundless admiration for your struggle. 对你们的斗争我们无限钦佩。(对)
&&& listening comprehension materials are good for training our minds.
&&& 听力材料对训练我们的脑子根有好处。(对)
&&& take the bitter medicine. it's good for you. 吃下这药吧,对你有好处。(对)
&&& there is a telegram for mr. wang. 这有一份王先生的电报。(给)
&&& may i use it for a minute? 我用一会儿好吗?(一段时间)
&&& i followed the stealer for some distance. 我跟踪那个小偷一段路。(一段距离)
&&& the ship was for dalian. 这破船开往大连。(去某地)
&&& we are off for shanghai tomorrow. 明天我们去上海。(去某地)
&&& the medicine is for reducing your temperature. 这药是退烧的。(为&&目的)
&&& after breakfast, i'll go for a stroll round the town.
&&& 吃完饭我要在城里到处走走。(为&&目的)
&&& i'll keep the lighter given by a foreign friend for a souvenir.
&&& 我要把外宾送给我的打火机作为纪念。(作为)
&&& it is only meant for a joke. 这只是当笑话说说罢了。(作为)
&&& we are all for cutting down the cost of production. 我们都赞成降低生产成本。(赞成)
快到、对、向 towards,工、学、军、城、上、北、南
例:it's getting on towards the end of term now. 现在已快到学期未了。(快到)
&&& towards midnight my husband came back. 快到半夜了我的丈夫才回来。(快到)
&&& our teacher was very lenient towards us. 我们的老师对我们很松。(对)
&&& what you have invented is really a big contribution towards our company.
&&& 你所发明的对我们公司确实是一大贡献。(对)
&&& the boy came running towards his mother. 那个男孩向他母亲跑去。(向着)
&&& 所谓工、学、军、城、上、北、南,是说 up 和 down 的用法。这也是汉英翻译时要注意的。例如:招工,上大学,参军,进城,
&&& 上山,向北方等都属于 up。而相反的下乡,向南,落榜等都属于 down。&大军南下,北上抗日&大概由此而来。
but for 否定用虚拟,复合介词待后言。
but for 是&若不是&的意思。
例:but for our great communist party, we could never have today's happiness.
&&& 若没有伟大的共产党,我们决不会有今天的幸福生活。
&&& but for this chemical the vapour inside the system would not have been absorbed so completely. 若没有这个化学剂的作用,系统内的蒸汽不可能被吸收得这么彻底。
&&& but for 将在虚拟语气中详讲。
&&& 以上讲到了某些常用介词 in 用法,但远远不够,就拿做插入语的介词短语来说就数不胜数。以下固定搭配不可随意改动:
例:in general 一般说来
&&& in short 简言之
&&& in other words 换言之
&&& in my opinion 依我看
&&& in simple words 简言之
&&& on the whole 基本上
&&& for instance 例如
&&& for short 简称
&&& after all 毕竟
&&& above all 首先
&&& 此外考试中常出现的成语前置词也须牢记其用法。
&&& by appearance 从外表
&&& by the aid of 借&&的帮助
&&& by far &&得多
&&& by course of &&照&&常例
&&& by reason of 由于
&&& by request 应邀
&&& by right of 由于凭借
&&& out of date 过时
&&& out of harmony with 与&&不一致
&&& out of harmony with 摆脱困境
&&& out of bounds 超出权限
&&& out of proportion to 与&&不相称
&&& out of reach 力量不及
&&& out of one's wits 不知所措
&&& out of question 没问题
&&& out of the question 不可能的
&&& to a great extent 很大程度上
&&& to one's taste 合&&胃口
&&& to one's thinking 据&&看来
&&& to one's heart's content 尽情地
&&& to the utmost 尽力
&&& behind schedule 不准时
&&& behind the times 过时的
&&& behind the curtain 在幕后
&&& within reach 能力所及
&&& within a hair's breadth 差&点
&&& within a stone's throw of 在附近
&&& beyond description 无法形容
&&& beyond reason 毫无道理
&&& beyond reproach 无可指责
&&& beyond one's expectation 超出&&范围
&&& beyond expression 无法表达
ing 型由于、鉴,除了,除外与包含。
之后,关于,在&&方面,有关介词须记全。
&&& 最后,英语中 v.-ing 分词转化而成的特殊介词,更须注意,根据其语法功能,把它们同现在分词,动名词和连同区分开来。即:
&&& respecting 由于, 鉴于; considering 由于, 鉴于; excepting 除了; concerning 关于; excepting for 除外; excluding 除外; without excepting sb. 包含; including 包括,包含; following 在&&之后; regarding 关于; respecting 在&&方面; concerning 有关;
例:considering 由于;
&&& considering that table salt is the commonest source of sodium in food, the diet usually calls for eating salt-free foods. 由于食盐是钠在食物中普遍的来源,医生给病人规定的,饮食通常要求吃无盐食品。
&&& respecting 鉴于:
&&& respecting the heavy rain, we had to put off the match.
&&& 鉴于下大雨,我们不得不推迟了这场比赛。
&&& excepting 除了:
&&& excepting 可单独使用,可以与 always 或否定词 not 连用,也可以与 for, without 之类介词连用。
&&& excepting one of his close friends, they were present at the party.
&&& 除了他的一个挚友外,他们都来赴宴了。
&&& he is an honest man, excepting for his quick temper.
&&& 他是个老实人,只是(&除了& 脾气暴躁。(同类比较 except,加 for 异类记心间)。
&&& everybody is in high spirits, always excepting him. 大家都情绪高昂,唯他&除外&(例外)。
&&& only a few survivors without excepting him were living in the settlement.
&&& 包括他在内,只有几个幸存者住在新拓居地。
&&& including 包含:
&&& the new apartment consists of three rooms including the kitchen.
&&& 这套公寓有三间,包括厨房。
&&& following 在&&之后: 相当于 after
&&& the week following his first visit to the newsroom he was appointed editor of the important column. 在拜访该报社编辑部的&第二个&星期,他放任命为该报重要专栏的主笔。
&&& regarding 关于:相当于 about
&&& regarding research investment and number of researchers engaged in this field of research, the u.s.a. commands an overwhelming position followed by japan. &关于&投入该领域研究的投资额和研究人员的数量,美国占压倒优势,其次是日本。
&&& respecting 在&&方面:
&&& respecting education, health, medical care as well as production and labor technological development will have to be evaluated with due thought given to social systems and humanism. &在&教育、卫生、生产劳动&方面&, 评价技术的发展需根据社会制度和人道主义。
&&& concerning 有关:
&&& the following are some of the arguments both pros and cons concerning computers, thinking, and artificial
&&& intelligence. 下面是&有关&计算机、思维和人工智能方面持赞成和反对态度的一些论据。
&&& 当然,这些 ing 型的介词,在句子中也有分词、动名词和连词的语法功能。excluding 和 including,表示排除与包含。
&&& last year british sales to the region were more than $8 billion, while french exports, excluding arms brought in around $3 billion. 去年,英国对这个地区的销售额达80多亿美元,而法国的出口额(武器除外)约为30亿美元。
&&& stress may deplete vitamin c in your body, as can smoking, drinking and a variety of drugs, not excepting aspirin. 生活紧张会耗尽你体内的维生素c,正如吸烟、饮酒、服用某些药物(包括阿斯匹林)一样。
&&& 至于介词与形容词、动词、名词的搭配以及复合介词(又称复杂介词)、介词词组与从句的变换则涉及更多的语法内容。
关于&在周末&的几种表示法:
at(on)the weekend 在周末---特指
at(on)weekends 在周末---泛指
over the weekend 在整个周末
during the weekend 在周末期间
i returned to beijing in the middle of june.我是六月中回北京的。 但如果表示&在某项活动的期间&,则只能用during。
in表示以说话时间为基点的&(若干时间)以后&,常用作将来时态谓语的时间状语。要表示&(若干时间)内&,常用within。after表示&在(某具体时间)以后& since表示&自(某具体时间)以来& 『since the war是指&自从战争结束以来&,若指&自从战争开始以来&,须说&since the beginning of the war&』
表示&从事(活动)&的介词
1.about 干,做; 从事于
2.after 追捕;搜寻&
3.at 从事(某种活动)
at it意思是&忙个不停&(=doing something),这里,it不具体指什么,只是笼统指事情。例如:he is at it night and day.他日夜忙个不停。
4.in[表示职业、活动等]从事于;参加着
be in films 从影
be in business 经商
be in school 求学
be in hospital 住院
5.on 在从事&&中; 处于&&情况中
on 后接一个作名词用的动词,代替及物动词,表示被动概念;或代替不及物动词,表示主动概念。
on show 展览(=being shown 被展出)
on parade 在游行(=parading 在游行)
on night work 上夜班(=working at night 上夜班)
on 后接 the +一个作名词用的动词,其意义与现在分词所表达的意义相近。例如:
the enemy are on the run.(=running)敌人在逃跑。
同样用法:
on the march 在行进中
on the move 在活动中,在进展中
on the prowl 在徘徊
6.over 在(做)&&时
7.under 在进行中
在这一结构中,under跟它后面接的作名词用的动词一块,起着相当于被动语态的作用。例如:
under discussion(=being discussed)正在被讨论
under review(=being reviewed)正在被检查
under repair(=being repaired)正在被修理
8.up to 忙于;从事于
9.由一个副词后接with短语构成的结构
down with tyrants!打倒暴君!
off with his head!砍掉他的头!
表示&正在进行&的be+介词短语
表示&正在进行&这一动作,通常用现在进行时表示。如:i am having a class now.(我正在上课。)但&正在进行&这一动作,还可以用&be+介词短语&来表示。常见的介词短语类型有: be +at引导的介词短语;be +in引导的介词短语;be +on引导的介词短语; be +under引导的介词短语等。
ⅰ.be+at引导的介词短语
be at war(正在交战);be at work(正在工作);be at peace(处于和平或平静状态); be at table(正在吃饭); be at meeting正在开会;be at school正在上学;be at breakfast(lunch /supper)正在吃早(午/晚)饭;be at church正在做礼拜,等等。
ⅱ.be+in引导的介词短语
be in progress(正在进展);be in trade(正在做买卖);be in fashion(流行);be in trouble(处于困境/困难之中);be in danger处在危险中;be in operation正在运行; be in action在活动(运转/战斗)中;be in peril在危险之中;be in class正在上课;be in hospital正在住院;be in office在执政;be in tears正在流泪;be in milk正在产奶;be in issue正在争论之中;be in church正在做礼拜;等等。
ⅲ.be+on引导的介词短语
be on strike(正在罢工);be on leave(正在休假);be on the rise(正在上涨);be on a visit正在访问;be on the stumps处在困难之中;be on sale正在出售(美语作:削价出售),等等。
ⅳ.be +under引导的介词短语
be under consideration(正在考虑之中);be +under construction(正在修建中);be +under discussion(正在讨论之中);be under treatment正在治疗中;be under repair正在修理中,等等。
  1.at的展示平台
  【性格展示】介词at表时间、表地点。
  (1)at表示时间,用于钟点前,用于时刻前,译为&在&&时(刻)&。如:
  at three/three o'clock在三点。
  at a quarter to six六点差一刻。
  at noon在中午,at night在夜晚,at midnight在半夜
  at breakfast/lunch/supper在吃早饭/午饭/晚饭时
  at this time of day在每天这个时候
  (2)at表示地点,一般用于较小的地名(方)前,译为&在&&&。如:
  at home在家,at the station在车站
  (3)at表示处于&&状态,译为&从事于&&&。如:
  at school在上学,at work在工作
  【相关链接】at加名词一般可与现在进行时态互换使用,表示正在进行的动作,试比较:they are at work./they are working.
  2.in的展示平台
  【性格展示】小小介词in,用途却很多。可表时间,表地点,表手段、方法、材料。
  (1)in表示时间,用于泛指一天的上午、下午、晚上等;用于某个较长的时间,如年、月、季节等。如:
  in the morning/afternoon/evening在上(下午)或晚上,in 年,in the day/daytime在白天
  【相关链接】in还可以表示&从现在起一段时间以后&。如:
  they will see you in a week.他们将在一周后去看你。
  另外,in和at都可以表示时间,但in表示较长的时间,而at表示时间的某一点。例如:
  he got up late in the morning and had a meal at noon.他早上起得晚,所以只吃午餐。
  (2)in表示地点、场所,译为&在&&里&、&在&&中&。如:in the factory在工厂,in the room在房间里,in the sun在阳光下,in the middle of...在&&的中央
  【相关链接】in和at都可表示地点,而in表示的地点比at所表示的地点大。
  (3)in表示用语言,用&&材料。译为&用&&,以&&方式&。如:in english用英语,in ink用墨水
  (4)in表示穿戴的状态,译为&戴着、穿着&。如:in the white shirt穿着白色的衬衫,in the cap戴着帽子
  【相关链接】in表示&穿(戴)着&是介词,指状态,同wear一样。in后接表示服装类的名词或表示颜色的词。如:
  kate is in a red skirt./kate wears a red skirt.凯特穿着红裙子。
  3.on的展示平台
  【性格展示】介词on表示时间、地点、方位等。
  (1)on表示时间,用于星期、日期(包括该天的各部分)。如:on sunday/sundays,on monday morning/afternoon/evening等。
  on也用于某一日的名词前,用于公共节假日前。如:
  on new year's day在元旦,on children's day在儿童节等。
  (2)on表示地点、位置,有&在&&旁&、&接近&、&靠近&之意。如:
  a house on the main road临大街的房子,sit on my right坐在我的右边
  (3)on表示状态,译为&处于&&情况中,从事于&&&等。如:
  on duty值日,on holiday度假
  (4)on表示&在&&上面&,用在表示物体的名词前。如:
  on the box在盒子上
  【相关链接】on和over都是介词,on表示&在&&上面&,指一物体与另一物体表面相接触;over表示&在&&上方&,指一物体与另一物体不接触。试比较:
  there is a light on the desk.桌子上有盏台灯。(light与desk接触)
  there is a light over the desk.桌子上方有一盏灯。(light与desk不接触)
  【特别提示】表示&在&&上&,介词on与in必须注意习惯用法,否则会出错。不妨比较一番:
  on the tree/in the tree都译为&&&在树上&。前者表示树上本身所长着的叶子、花、果实等;后者表示某物或某人在树上。
  on the wall/in the wall都译为&在墙上&。由于介词不同,在使用上有区别。图画、黑板、风筝等&在墙上&,是因为它们在墙的表面上,故用on the wall;门窗、钉子、洞、孔等&在墙上&,是因为它们在墙的里面,故用in the wall。
at,&in,&on
on:原则上,指在位置的某一平面上(包括向上的平面,向下的平面,以及侧面的表面。)
in:相对at,in用于比较大的地点。
arrive&in和arrive&at
arrive&in:到达国家,都市
arrive&at:到达村庄,地点
at&work,&at&play,&at&table,&at&school
at常用来表示从事某种活动。
at&work:在工作
at&play:在做游戏
at&table:在吃饭
at&school:在求学
at&the&corner,&in&the&corner,&on&the&corner
in&the&corner:在内角
at&the&corner:在外角
on&the&corner:在转角上(如交叉口的房屋,可以体会到表面之意。)
in&bed,&on&the&bed,&on&a&bed
in&bed:在床上正式睡觉,卧病在床
on&the&bed:指人在床上休息,东西放在床上
on&a&bed:指人在床上休息,东西放在床上
表示时间的介词:
at:用于表示时刻,时间的某一点。
on:用于星期,某天,某一天的上午,下午,晚上(指具体的某一天时,一律用on
in:用于表示周,月,季节,年,泛指上午,下午,晚上
before:在...之前
after:在...之后
by:在....前(时间)截止(到)...
until(till):直到.....为止
for:达...之久(表示过了多少时间)
during:在....期间
through:一直..(从开始到结束)
from:从...起(时间)
since:自从...以来(表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续)
in:过...后(未来时间)
within:不超过...的范围
表示场所,方向的介词:
at :在某地点(表示比较狭窄的场所)
in:在某地(表示比较宽敞的场所)
on:在...上面,有接触面
above:在...上方
over:在...正上方,是under的反义词
under:在..下面,在...之内
below :在...下方(不一定是正下方)
near:近的,不远的
by:在...的旁边,比near的距离要近
between:在两者之间
among:在三者或者更多的之中
around:环绕,在...的周围,在....的四周
in front of:在...的前面
behind:在...后边
in:在..之内,用于表示静止的位置
into:进入
out of :和into一样,也表示有一定的运动方向
along:沿着
across:横过(平面物体)
through:贯通,通过
to :达到..地点(目的地)或方向
for:表示目的,为了.....
from:从...地点起
和..在一起;
具有,带有;
用某种工具或方法
表示用什么材料(例如:墨水,铅笔等)或用什么语言。表示衣着.声调特点时,不用with而用in。
by:通过...方法,手段
of:(属于)...的,表示...的数量或种类
from:来自(某地,某人),以...起始
without:没有,是with的反义词
like :像...一样
against:反对,靠着
关于,各处,四周;
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