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贸易实务答案翻译为汉语
Unit 1A brief introduction to international trade单位 1 简要介绍国际贸易 Key 关键 I. Answer my questions i .回答我的问题 1. International trade is business whose activities involve the crossing of national borders. It includes not only international trade and foreign manufacturing but also encompasses the growing services industry in areas such as transportation, tourism, banking, advertising, construction, retailing, wholesaling, and mass communications. It includes all business transactions that involve two or more countries. Such business relationship may be private or governmental. 1。国际贸易业务的活动涉及到穿越国界。它不仅包括国际贸易和外国制造业,还包括不断增 长的服务业等领域的运输、旅游、银行、广告、建筑、零售、批发、和大众传媒。它包括所 有的业务事务涉及两个或更多国家。这样的业务关系可能是私人或政府。 2. Sales expansion, resource acquisition and diversification of sales and supplies. 2。销售扩张、资源采集、多样化的销售和供应。 3. To gain profit. 3。以获得利润。 4. To seej out foreign markets and procurement. 4。到 seej 外国市场和采购。 5. There are four major forms which are the following: 5。有四种主要形式,如下: Merchandise exports and Imports, Service Exports and Imports, Investment and Multinational Enterprise. 商品出口和进口,服务出口和进口、投资和跨国企业。 6. It is the account which is a summary statement of the flow of all international economic and financial transactions between one nation (eg. the United States ) and the rest of the world over some period of time, usually one year. 6。它是账户是一个汇总表流动的所有国际经济和金融事务之间一个国家(如。美国)和世界 上其他地区的一段时间内,通常是一年。 7. Merchandise Exporting and Importing. 7。商品出口和进口。 8. Yes. There are great differences between them. 8。是的。他们之间有很大的差异。 1) direct investment takes place when control follows the investment. It usually means high commitment of capital, personnel, and technology abroad. It aims at gaining of foreign resources and foreign markets. Direct investment may often get higher foreign sales than exporting. And sometimes it involves two or more parties. 1)直接投资控制权时,投资。这通常意味着高承诺的资金、人员和技术在国外。它旨在获得 外国资源和外国市场。 直接投资可能会变得更高国外销售超过出口。 有时它涉及两个或更多 的政党。 2) While portfolio investments are not under control. And they are used primarily for financial purposes. Treasures of companies, for example, routinely more funds from one country to another to get a higher yield on short term investments. 2)而组合投资并没有受到控制。和它们主要用于金融方面。宝藏的公司,例如,经常更多资金 从一个国家到另一个以获取较高收益在短期投资。 9. MNE is the abbreviation of the multinational enterprise. Its synonyms are NNC (the multinational corporation) and TNC (transnational corporation). 9。外资是缩写的跨国企业。它的同义词是 NNC(跨国公司)和全国过渡委员会(跨国公司)。 10. Examples are travel, transport, fee, royalties, dividends and interest. 10。例子是旅游、运输、费用、版税、股息和利息。 11. The choice of forms is influenced by the objective being pursued and the environments in which the company must operate. 11。形式的选择是受的目标是追求和环境的公司必须操作。 12. It is limited by the number of people interested in a firm’s products and services and by customers’ capacity to make purchase. 12。这是数量有限的人感兴趣的一个公司的产品和服务以及消费者的购买能力。 13. This is because at an early stage of international involvement these operations usually take the least commitment and least risk of a firm’s resources. 13。这是因为在早期阶段的国际参与这些操作通常需要最少的承诺和最小风险公司的资源。 14. Royalties means the payment for use of assets from abroad, such as for trademarks patens, copyrights, or other expertise under contract known as licencing agreements. Royalties are also paid franchising. 14。版税意味着支付国外资产的使用,例如商标金属盘,版权或其他合同下的专业技术称为许 可协议。版税收入也特许经营。 15. It is a way of doing business in which one party (the franchiser) the use of a trademark that is an essential asset for the franchisers’ business. 15。这是一个做生意的方式中,一方(经销商)使用一个商标,是一个重要的资产的特许人的商 业。II Match each one on the left with its correct meaning on the right II 匹配每一个在左边和右边的正确的词义 1. J 2. A 3. E 4. B 5. C 6. D 7. I 8. G 9. F 10.H 1。J 2。一个 3。E 4。b 5。C 6。D 7。我 8。G 9。F 10. hIII Translate the following terms and phrases into Chinese III 翻译以下术语和短语译成中文 1 购买力 11 经济复苏;恢复 1 购买力 11 经济复苏;恢复 2 潜在销售量 12 经济衰退 2 潜在销售量 12 经济衰退 3 加价,涨价 13 间接投资 3 加价,涨价 13 间接投资 4 国内市场 14 有形货物 4 国内市场 14 有形货物 5 制成品 15 有形进出口 5 制成品 15 有形进出口 6 边际利润 16 收入及支出;岁入及岁出 6 边际利润 16 收入及支出;岁入及岁出 7 市场占有率 17 超额能力 7 市场占有率 17 超额能力 8 贸易歧视 18 贸易中间人(商) ;经纪人 8 贸易歧视 18 贸易中间人(商);经纪人 9 时机选择 19 全部包建的工程承包方式 9 时机选择 19 全部包建的工程承包方式 10 经销周期 20 许可证协定 10 经销周期 20 许可证协定IV. Case Study. IV。案例研究。 Batteries called “white elephant” exported from China were very popular in Southeast Asia, but in United States no one was interested in the goods. Why? 电池被称为“白象”从中国出口都很受欢迎,在东南亚,但在美国没有人感兴趣的商品。为什 么? [Answer]: [结论]: Batteries called &white elephant& exported from China were very popular in Southeast Asia, because &white elephant& was a lucky thing in Southeast Asia, but no one was interested in it in the market of Europe and the United States. The boss of the company was very strange that the quality of the battery or the price of reasons, so he asked his staff to investigate. Finally he found that is the brand &white elephant& to be blame. The brand's name translated into English was &white elephant& which meant something were no use but cumbersome in Western countries. It was really a bad translation from culture information perspective. The meaning derived from a legend. According to the legend, there was a king who hated a minister, so he gave a white elephant to the minister for punishment. The minister has to take care of the white elephant, he couldn't give it to others or kill it because it's the king gave it to him. However, the appetite of the white elephant was so great, and the minister became poorer. So it showed people in western countries would not buy the battery for the consumers have no willing to buy something useless but cumbersome. 电池被称为“白象”从中国出口都很受欢迎,在东南亚,因为“白象”是一个幸运的事情在东 南亚,但没人感兴趣的是它在市场的欧洲和美国。这家公司的老板很奇怪的质量电池或价格 的原因,所以他问他的员工进行调查。最后他发现是品牌“白象”被责怪。该品牌的名字翻 译成英文是“白象”这意味着一些没有使用但麻烦在西方国家。它真的是一个糟糕的翻译从 文化角度信息。意思是从一个传奇。根据传说,有一个国王恨一个部长,所以他给了一个白色 的大象担任惩罚。部长不得不照顾这个白色的大象,他不能给别人或杀死它,因为它是国王给 了他。然而,白色的大象的胃口太大,而部长成为贫穷。所以它显示人们在西方国家不会买电 池的消费者不愿意买一些无用的但是繁琐。 V. Please try to find out some cases about cultural differences in doing international business. v .请尽量找出某些情况下的文化差异做国际业务。 (Open) (打开) VI. Please determine whether the following statements are TRUE or FALES. Then put T for TRUE or F for FALES in the bracket at the end of each statement. VI。请确定下面句子是否正确菲尔斯。然后把 T 为真或 F 为菲尔斯在支架每年年底的声明。 1. ( T ) 2. ( F ) 3. ( F ) 4. ( T ) 5. ( F ) 6. ( T ) 7. ( T ) 8. ( F ) 1。(T)2。(F)3。(F)4。(T)5。(F)6。(T)7。(T)8。(F) VI. Translate the following into English VI。翻译以下译成英语 1. Trade is often the ‘engine’ of growth. However oversimplified this metaphor may be, it does serve to underline the importance of foreign trade in the process of growth. A healthy expansion of exports may not always be sufficient condition for rapid and sustained growth, but a strong positive association between the two is clearly undeniable. Trade expansion contributes to economic growth in many ways. Among them are the benefi the favorable effects of international competition on domestic the increased capacity to pay for the imports required in development and more generally the stimulus to investment. 1。贸易是常有的“发动机”的增长。然而这个比喻也许过于简单化,但它确实有助于强调对 外贸易的重要性在增长的过程。 一个健康的出口扩张可能并不总是被充分条件快速和持续增 长,但强烈的相关性这两个显然是不可否认的。扩大贸易对经济增长的贡献在许多方面。其 中的好处是专业化;有利影响国际竞争的国内经济效率、增加的能力支付进口产品的开发和 更一般需要刺激投资。 2. International trade is the exchange of goods and services produced in one country for goods and services produced in another country. In addition to visible trade, which involves the import and export of goods and merchandise, there is also invisible trade, which involves the exchange of services between nations. Nations such as Greece and Norway have large maritime fleets and provide transportation service. This is a kind of invisible trade. Invisible trade can be as important to some nations as the export of raw materials or commodities is to others. In both cases, the nations earn the money to buy necessities. 2。国际贸易是交换商品和服务在一个国家生产的货物和服务并在另一个国家。除了有形贸 易,即进口和出口商品,还有无形贸易,包括国家之间的交换服务。国家如希腊和挪威大型海上 舰队,并提供运输服务。这是一种无形贸易。无形贸易可以作为重要的一些国家出口原材料 或大宗商品是别人。在这两种情况下,国家挣的钱来购买生活必需品。 3. There exist different ways of conducting international business. Exclusive sale means the seller gives the overseas client the exclusive right of selling a particular product in a designated area within a specified period of time. In this kind of business transaction, the product is bought by the exclusive seller and therefore he should sell the product by himself, assuming sole responsibilities for his profit and loss. Exclusive sale is different from agency where only commission is involved. And difference exists between general contract and exclusive sales because the exclusive seller enjoys exclusive right in a particular area. 3。存在着不同的方式开展国际业务。包销意味着卖方独占的权利,海外客户销售某种产品在 一个指定区域在指定的时间内。在这种商业事务,该产品是购买的独家销售商,因此他应该出 售自己的产品,假设为他唯一责任利润和损失。独家销售不同于机构那里只有委员会参与。 和一般合同之间存在差异和独家销售,因为独家享有专有权卖在一个特定的区域。 4. There is no country in the world that can produce all the products it needs. Thus countries join in international division of labor for effective production and reproduction. Sometimes a country can buy goods and services from abroad on a barter basis. Barter means doing business by exchanging goods of one sort for goods of another sort without using money. Barter trade itself is not enough to meat a country’s import needs. But as a form of international trade, it is still attractive in developing countries where foreign exchange is in short supply and inflow of foreign funds is far from sufficient to meet their obligations in external trade. 4。没有一个国家在这个世界上,可以产生所有的产品需要。因此国家参与国际分工的有效生 产和再生产。 有时一个国家可以从国外购买商品和服务在一个以物易物的基础。 易货意味着 通过交换货物做生意的一种货物的另一种不使用钱。 易货贸易本身并不足以肉一个国家的进 口需求。但随着国际贸易的一种形式,它仍然是有吸引力的在发展中国家,那里的外汇短缺和 流入的外国基金是远不足以满足他们的义务在对外贸易。Unit 2 General Procedures of Export and Import Transaction 单元二一般程序的导出和导入的事务 I. Answer the following questions i .回答下列问题 (Omited) (省掉) II. Filling the blanks with the suitable words in the text: II。填入答案与合适的词汇文本: 1. meeting/ 2. agent, foreign/ 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. joint, 10.subsidiary 1。会议/令人满意;2。代理,外国/海外;3.委员会;4。自己的;5。设置;6。专利;7。利润;8。媒 体;9。联合,风险;10.子公司 III. Judge the following statement, mark True (T) or False(F) III。法官以下语句,马克 True(T)或 False(F) 1F 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. F 6. F 7. T 8. F 9. F 10. T 1 f 2。T 3。F 4。F 5。F 6。F 7。T 8。F 9。F 10。TIV. Explain the meaning of the words or phrases below as requested IV。的意思解释下面的单词或短语的要求 1. Offer: An offer is a proposal made by sellers to buyers in order to enter into the contract. 1。提供:提供一个卖家和买家的提议,为了签订合同。 2. Withdrawal: It means an offer by the offerer has been withdrawn before it is reached to the offeree in order to prevent its entry into force. 2。退出:它意味着一个提供的报价人已经被撤回之前达到受要约人为了防止其生效。 3. Enquiry: An enquiry is a request for business information, such as price lists, catalogue, samples, and details of the goods or trade terms. It can be made either by the importer or the exporter. 3。问题:一个查询是一个请求的业务信息,诸如价格列表、目录、样品和具体的货物或贸易条 款。它可以通过进口商和出口商。 4. Acceptance: Acceptance is a statement made by other conduct of the offerees indicating unconditional consent to an offer. 4。接受:接受是一个声明由其他行为的 offerees 指示无条件同意要约。 5. Shipping agent: Shipping agent(船代)is a ship owner's representative whose job is to find the ships to carry. 5。货运代理:货运代理(船代)是一个船东代表他们的工作是找到船只携带。V. Compose a letter of enquiry with the following particulars: 诉构成一封询问与下列事项: Keys 键 Messrs. Arthur Grey & Son, 奥亚瑟灰色和儿子, 19 Cheapside, 19 齐普赛街, London, E.C.2 伦敦,e c 2Dear Sirs, 亲爱的先生们,We have obtained your name and address from China Council for Promotion of International Trade and learned that you are one of the leading exporters of Ice Box in your district. 获悉你们行名及地址从中国国际贸易促进委员会和得知你们是?的主要出口商在你们地区 的冰盒。We are now interested in 100 sets of the said article and should be pleased if you would let us know whether you can supply us with the quantity and quality we desire. Please quote us your best price on CIF Guangzhou basis. When offering, please state clearly terms of payment, time of delivery, packing conditions together with illustrated catalogue for our consideration. 我们现在感兴趣的文章说 100 套,应该高兴如果你会让我们知道你是否能供应我们我们渴望 的数量和质量。 请报出你们的最好价格基础上 CIF 广州。 当提供,请注明付款条件,交货时间、 包装条件连同图解目录为我们的考虑。We are looking forward to your early reply. 我们期待您的早日答复。Yours faithfully, 你忠实的,VI. Please make your offer according to the following particulars: VI。请您提供根据下列事项: Key 关键 Dear Sirs, 亲爱的先生们, Thank you for your letter of 5th May. We are glad to learn of the inquiries you have had from your customers for our raincoats. Our &D.D. & range is particularly suitable for warm climates, and during the past years we have supplied this range to dealers in several tropical countries, from many of whom we have already had repeated orders. This range is popular not only because it is light in weight, but also because the material used has been specially treated to prevent excessive condensation on the inside surface. 谢谢你的来信,5 月 5 日。我们很高兴得知调查你们从你的客户对我们的雨衣。我们的“数字 数据“范围特别适合温暖的气候,在过去的几年,我们已经向经销商提供这个范围在一些热带 国家,从其中很多我们已经重复订单。这个范围是受欢迎的原因不仅是重量较轻,但也因为材 料已经过特殊处理以防止过度冷凝的内表面。 For the quantities you mention we are pleased to quote as follows: 你提到的数量我们很高兴报价如下: &D.D. & Raincoats “数据定义“雨衣 100 men's medium @ US$14.50 US$ 1,450 100 人的介质@ 14.50 美元 1450 美元 100 men's small 14.0 1,400 100 人的小 14.0 1400 年 100 women's medium 13.2 1,320 100 妇女的媒介 13.2 1320 年 100 women's small 12.7 1,270 100 妇女的小 12.7 1270 年 US$ 5,440 5440 美元 Payment: by irrevocable L/C at sight 付款:凭不可撤销的即期信用证 Shipment: Shipment will be effected within three or four weeks after receiving the L/C. 出货:出货将影响在三或四个星期收到信用证后。 This offer is subject to our final confirmation. We feel you may be interested in our other products and enclose some pamphlets for your reference. 此报盘以我方最后确认为准。我们觉得你可能感兴趣的其他产品和附上一些小册子,供你参 考。 We are awaiting your early orders. 我们正在等待你的早期订单。Yours sincerely, 你的真诚,VII. Write a counter-offer according to the following particulars: 七世。写的还盘根据下列事项: Keys: 钥匙: Dear Sirs, 亲爱的先生们, We thank you for your quotation May 10 for 1,000 sets of Hair IceBox. We find your price as well as delivery date satisfactory, however, we would give our suggestions of an alternation of your payment terms. 感谢贵方的报价可能 10 1000 套的头发的冰箱。我们发现你的价格和交货日期满意,然而,我 们将给我们的建议的交替,你们的付款条件。 Our past purchase of other household electrical appliances from you has been paid as a rule by confirmed, irrevocable letter of credit at sight. On the basis, it has indeed cost us a great deal. From the moment to open credit till the time our buyers pay us, the tie-up of our funds lasts about four months. Under the present circumstances, this question is particular taxing owing to the tight money condition and unprecedentedly high bank interests. 我们过去的购买其他家用电器从你已经付出的一个规则的保兑的、 不可撤销的即期信用证付 款。在此基础上,它确实花费了我们一个伟大的交易。从目前开放信用直到时间我们的买家 支付我们的,我们的合作基金持续大约 4 个月。在目前的情况下,这个问题特别征税由于信用 紧缩条件和前所未有的高银行的利益。 In view of our long business relations and our amicable cooperation prospects, we suggest that you accept either “cash against documents on arrival of goods” or “drawing on us at 60 day’s sight”. 鉴于我们长期的业务关系,我们的友好合作前景,我们建议你接受“付款文件到货”或“利用 我们以 60 天远期” 。 Your first priority to the consideration of the above request and an early favorable reply will be highly appreciated. 你的第一优先考虑上述请求和一个早期的有利答复,将不胜感激。 Yours sincerely, 你的真诚,VIII. Case Study 八世。案例研究 [Answer]: [结论]: A 公司与 B 公司的第一封信函可视为发盘,在该发盘中 A 公司对包装做出了要求。而 B 公 司对该发盘中包装条款进行了修改,可视为还盘,或新的发盘,B 公司发出还盘后 A 公司未 进行回复,虽然它用行动表明受 B 公司发盘约束,但没有明确向 B 公司表示接受,此时认 为合同未成立。因此,B 公司以此为由,拒不履行合同。A 公司将陷入被动。 一个公司与 B 公司的第一封信函可视为发盘,在该发盘中一个公司对包装做出了要求。而 B 公司对该发盘中包装条款进行了修改,可视为还盘,或新的发盘,B 公司发出还盘后一个公司未 进行回复,虽然它用行动表明受 B 公司发盘约束,但没有明确向 B 公司表示接受,此时认为合同 未成立。因此,B 公司以此为由,拒不履行合同 A 公司将陷入被动。 为了避免出现此情况,A 公司在收到 B 公司发盘时,应及时表示接受。 为免避出现了此情况,公司在收到 B 公司发盘时,应及时表示接受。Unit 3 单位 3 Contracts for the International Sale of Goods 合同为国际货物销售 Key 关键 I. Translate the followings from Chinese into English: 以下即翻译从中国到英语: 1 terms of payment 2 written form of contract1 的付款条件 2 书面形式的合同 3 execution of the contract 4 sales contract 3 执行合同 4 销售合同 5 purchase confirmation 6 terms of transaction 5 购货确认书 6 条款的事务 7 trading partners 8 the setting up of a contract 7 贸易伙伴 8 设立一个合同 9 trade agreement 10 consignment contract 9 贸易协议 10 寄售合同 11 the contract proper 12 extension of the contract 11 合同适当延长合同 12 13 the contracting parties 14 special clause 13 缔约双方 14 特殊条款 15 general terms and conditions 15 一般条款和条件II. Answer the following questions in English: II。用英语回答下列问题: 1 A contract is an agreement which sets forth bind obligations of the relevant parties. And any part that fails to fulfill his contractual obligations may be sued and forced to make compensation. 1 一个合同是一个协议,规定的有关各方绑定的义务。和任何部分,未能履行其合同义务可能 会被起诉和被迫作出补偿。 2 There are two parties of business contract negotiations: oral and written. The former refers to direc written negotiations often begin with enquiries made by the buyers. 2 有两方的商业合同谈判:口头和书面的。前者是指直接讨论国外;书面谈判往往从查询由买 方。 3 A written contract is generally prepared and signed as the proof of the agreement and as the basis for its execution. A sales or purchase confirmation is less detailed than a contract, covering only the essential terms of the transaction. It is usually used for smaller deals or between familiar trade partners. 3 一份书面合同通常是准备和签署了协议的证据,以证明其执行。 一个销售或者购买确认是比 一个合同不太详细,占地只有基本的交易条件。它通常用于较小的交易之间或熟悉的贸易伙 伴。 4 The setting up of a contract is similar to that of a trade agreement or any other type of formal agreements. It generally contains: 1) the title. The type of the contract is in 2) the contract proper. It is the mai 3) the signature of the contracting parties indicating their status as the 4) the stipulations on the back of the contract and are equally binding upon the contracting parties. 4 由于建立了一个合同是类似于一个贸易协议或任何其他类型的正式协议。它通常包含:1) 标题。合同的类型是标题所示;2)合同正确。它的主要部分合同;3)签名的缔约双方指示他们 的地位,卖方或买方;4)规定的背面的合同,也同样有拘束力的缔约方。 5 It generally contains the time of shipment, the mode of payment described in addition to an exact description of the goods including the quantity, quality, specifications, packing methods, insurance, commodity inspection, claims, arbitration and force majeure, etc. 5 这通常包含装运时间,付款方式描述除了一个确切的描述的商品包括数量、质量、规格、包 装方法、保险、商检、索赔、仲裁、不可抗力等。III. Translate the following into Chinese: III。翻译下列译成中文: 合同是在双方达成协议的基础上制定的, 而协议又是双方进行商务谈判的结果。 商务谈判有 口头谈判和书面谈判两种形式。口头谈判是通过参加商品交易会,派遣贸易小组,出国或邀 请客户本国进行的面对面讨论,而通过国际长途电话所进行的商务讨论也属于口头谈判。 同是在双方合协议达成的基础上制定的,而协议又是双方进行商务谈判的结果。商务谈判有 口头谈判和书面谈判两种形式。口头谈判是通过参加商品交易会,派遣贸易小组,出国或邀请 客户本国进行的面对面讨论,而通过国际长途电话所进行的商务讨论也属于口头谈判。IV. Case Study IV。案例研究 1 [Answer]: 1[回答]: The law of the United States of America applies to this contract because: (a) this was a CIF
(b) the place of conclusion of the contract was in the USA; (c) the place of the execution of the contract was also in the USA. The seller completed this responsibilities after he delivered the goods at the port of the USA. 法律的美利坚合众国适用于本合同,因为:(一)这是一个 CIF 合同;(b)订立合同的地方是在美 国;(c)的位置执行合同还在美国。卖方完成这个责任货物交付后,他在美国的港口。 2 [Answer]: 2[回答]: This contract was not concluded effectively. Item 1 of Article 19 of the CISG indicates, & A reply to an offer which purports to be an acceptance but contains additions, limitations or other modifications is a rejection to the offer and constitutes a counter-offer. 本合同没有得出有效。第十九条第 1 项的 CISG 表示,“一个回复报价,据称是一个接受但包含 添加、限制或其他的修改是一个拒绝的报价和构成的还盘。 In this case, though Mr. Johnson accepted Mr. Anderson's offer, his acceptance contained some additions to and modifi for example, Mr. Anderson asked for & telegraphic transfer&, Mr. Johnson sent the money to the bank to be kept there. According to Item 3 of Article 19 of the CISG, alteration to the mode of payment is material one, thus Mr. Johnson might keep silent and reject the acceptance. 在这种情况下,虽然约翰逊先生接受了安德森的报价,他接受包含一些添加和修改的提供;例 如,安德森先生要求 “电汇” ,约翰逊先生把钱给银行保留那里。 根据第 3 项的第十九条 CISG、 变更的方式付款,因此材料约翰逊先生可能会保持沉默而拒绝接受。 3. 答:合同规定水分最高为 14% ,杂质不超过 2.5% ,从合同内容看,在这笔进出口交 易中,双方以商品的规格作为表示商品品质的方法,并以此作为交验商品的依据,属于凭规 格的买卖,只要我方所交货物符合合同规定的规格,我方就算已经履行了合同。但是成交前 我方向对方寄送样品时并未声明是参考样品, 签约后又电告对方成交货物与样品相似, 这样 对方就有理由认为该笔交易既凭规格又凭样品。而在国际贸易中,凡属于凭样品买卖,卖方 所交货物必须与样品完全一致,否则买方有权拒收货物或提出索赔。因此,在这种情况下, 我方很难以该笔交易并非凭样品买卖为由不予理赔。 3。 答:合同规定水分最高为 14%,杂质不超过 2.5%,从合同内容看,在这笔进出口交易中,双方以 商品的规格作为表示商品品质的方法,并以此作为交验商品的依据,属于凭规格的买卖,只要 我方所交货物符合合同规定的规格,我方就算已经履行了合同。但是成交前我方向对方寄送 样品时并未声明是参考样品,签约后又电告对方成交货物与样品相似,这样对方就有理由认为 该笔交易既凭规格又凭样品。而在国际贸易中,凡属于凭样品买卖,卖方所交货物必须与样品 完全一致,否则买方有权拒收货物或提出索赔。因此,在这种情况下,我方很难以该笔交易并非 凭样品买卖为由不予理赔。 4. 答:卖方未按合同规定包装货物,应视为违反合同。买方向卖方违反合同包装条款的行 为提出异议并要求赔偿是合理的。 但是, 买方以此为理由拒收货物是过分的要求。 因为 《公 约》第 50 条第 1 款规定: “买方只有在 (卖方)完全不交付货物或不按合同规定交付货物 等于根本违反合同时,才可以宣告整个合同无效。 ”并且,第 25 条规定: “一方当事人违反 合同的结果, 如使另一方当事人蒙受损害, 以至于实际上剥夺了当事人根据合同规定有权期 待得到的东西,即为根本违反合同。??”然而,卖方在交货发生困难的情况下,及时采取 了补救措施,只要所用塑料包装不对货物质量造成影响,这种补救措施可视为是合理的,虽 然仍属违约行为,但并不构成违反合同,买方只能对塑料包装造成的运输、储存、装卸等方 面的不便而发生的损失提出索赔,而不能拒收货物。 4。 答:卖方未按合同规定包装货物,应视为违反合同。 买方向卖方违反合同包装条款的行为提 出异议并要求赔偿是合理的。但是,方以买此为理由拒收货物是过分的要求。因为《公约》 第 50 条第 1 款规定:“买方只有在(卖方)完全不交付货物或不按合同规定交付货物等于根本 违反合同时,才可以宣告整个合同无效。 ”并且,第 25 条规定:“一方当事人违反合同的结果, 如使另一方当事人蒙受损害,以至于实际上剥夺了当事人根据合同规定有权期待得到的东西, 即为根本违反合同。??“然而,卖方在交货发生困难的情况下,及时采取了补救措施,只要所 用塑料包装不对货物质量造成影响,这种补救措施可视为是合理的,虽然仍属违约行为,但并 不构成违反合同,买方只能对塑料包装造成的运输,储存,装卸等方面的不便而发生的损失提 出索赔,而不能拒收货物。 V. v。 V. Please fill in the Sales Contract according the letters between LONDON GREEN TRADE CORP. and GUANGDONG LIGHT ELECTRICAL APPLANCES CO. , LTD. v .请填写销售合同根据伦敦之间的往来信件绿色贸易公司和广东光电气 APPLANCES 有限公 司。售货合同 售货合同 SALES CONTRACT 销售合同卖方:GUANGDONG LIGHT ELECTRICAL 卖方:广东光电器 Sellers: APPLANCES CO. , LTD Contract No. : 98SGQ468001 卖家:APPLANCES 有限公司合同编号。:98 sgq468001 Date: APR. 22, 2009 日期:2009 年 4 月 22 日 地址: Signed at : GUANGZHOU 地址:签署:广州 Adress: 52, DEZHENG ROAD SOUTH, GUANGZHOU,CHINA Telex: 0835 地址:52,DEZHENG 公路南、广州,中国电传:0835 Fax: 86-020- 传真:86-020- Buyers: LONDON GREEN TRADE CORP. 买家:伦敦绿色贸易集团。 Address: ELITHERBERTH STR. AUTO P. O. BOX. 16, LONDON Telex:_________________ 地址:ELITHERBERTH STR。汽车信箱。16 日,伦敦:_________________电传 Fax:_____________________ 传真:_____________________ This Sales Contract is made by and between the Sellers and the Buyers, whereby the sellers agree to sell and the buyers agree to buy the under-mentioned goods according to the terms and conditions stipulated below: 本销售合同由卖方和买方之间,即卖方同意出售,买方同意购买下述货品根据按下述条款: (1) 货号、品名及规格 (1)货号,品名及规格 Name of Commodity and 商品的名称和 Specifications (2)数量 规范(2)数量 Quantity (3)单位 数量(3)单位 Unit (4)单价 单位(4)单价 Unit Price(5)金额 单价(5)金额 Amount 金额 DESK LIGHT J201 台灯 J20110% more or less both in amount and quantity allowed9600PCS PC CIF LONDUN10%或多或少的数量及总值均允许 9600pcs pc cif LONDUN USD3.00/PC USD 28,800.00 usd 3.00 / pc 28800 美元 Total Amount USD 28,800.000 总金额 28800 美元的人数 (6) Packing: CARTON (6)包装:纸箱 (7)Delivery from GUANGZHOU to LONDUN(7)交付从广州到 LONDUN (8)Shipping Marks: N/M (8)装运唛头:N / M (9)Time of Shipment: Within 30 days after receipt of L/C. allowing transshipment. (9)装运时间:后 30 天内收到 L / C。允许转船。 (10) Terms of Payment: By 100% Confirmed Irrevocable Letter of Credit in favor of the Sellers to be available by sight draft to be opened and to reach China before MAY 15,2009 and to remain valid for negotiation in China until the 15th days after the foresaid Time of Shipment. L/C advised by BANK OF CHINA GUANGZHOU BRANCH. (10)的付款条件:100%保兑的、不可撤销的信用证赞成卖家是即期汇票被打开,达到中国 2009 年 5 月 15 日之前,继续在中国议付有效 15 天后前述的交货时间。L / C 建议通过中国银行广 州分行。 TEX: 0835 GZBC. CN. ALL banking Charges outside China ( the mainland of China ) are for account of the Drawee. 特克斯:0835 GZBC。CN。中国以外的所有银行费用(中国大陆)的帐户为付款人。 (11)Insurance: To be effected by Sellers for 110% of full invoice value covering F. P. A. up to LONDON To be effected by the buyers. (11)保险:由卖方按发票全部金额 110%投保平安险覆盖到伦敦由买方自理。 (12)Arbitration: All disputes arising from the execution of or in connection with this contract shall be settled amicably by negotiation. In case of settlement can be reached through negotiation, the case shall then be submitted to China International Economic & Trade Arbitration Commission. In Shenzhen ( or in Beijing) for arbitration in act with its sure of procedures. The arbitral award is final and binding upon both parties for setting the Dispute. The fee, for arbitration shall be borne by the losing party unless otherwise awarded. (12)仲裁:仲裁 Arbitration 在的或与本合同有关应通过友好协商。 对于可以通过谈判达成和解, 这个案件,应提交中国国际经济和贸易仲裁委员会。 在深圳(或在北京)进行仲裁法案以其确定 的程序。仲裁裁决是终局的,对双方都有约束力,设置争端。这些费用,仲裁应由败诉方承担, 除非另有决定。The Seller 李牛 The Buyer David Curtis_ 卖方李牛买方大卫?柯蒂斯 希将本确认书一份签署后寄回本公司 希将本确认书一份签署后寄回本公司 Please sign and one copy of this sales confirmation to us at you earliest convenience 请签一份对我们的销售确认在你方便的时候VI.Please make out a Sales Confirmation according to the following particulars: vi 请提出一个销售确认书根据下列事项:上海进出口贸易公司 上海进出口贸易公司 SHANGHAI INPORT & EXPORT TRADE CORPORATION 上海进出口&出口贸易公司 1321 ZHONGSHAN ROAD SHANGHAI CHINA 中国上海中山路 1321 号 售货确认书 售货确认书 邮政编码:200032 邮政编码:200032 年代/ C 没有:TH040311 Post code::200032 邮政编码:200032 年的日期:24.03,2009 传真: (21) 传真:(21) Fax: (21) 传真: - -(21) TEL: 电话: To Messrs:THKAMULA TRADE CO。 ,LTDS/C No:TH040311 DATE:24.03,2009 先生:THKAMULA 贸易有限公司 谨启者:兹确认售予你方下列货品,成交条款如下: 谨启者:兹确认售予你方下列货品,成交条款如下: Dear Sirs, 亲爱的先生们, We hereby confirm having sold to you the following goods on terms and conditions as specified below: 我们特此确认卖给你下列货物的条款和条件如以下规定: 唛头 唛头 SHIPPING MARK 商品名称、规格及包装 唛头商品名称,规格及包装 NAME OF COMMODITY AND SPECIFCATIONS, PACKING 数量 商品的名称和 SPECIFCATIONS,包装数量 QUANTITY 单价 数量单价 UNIT PRICE 总量 单价总量 TOTAL AMOUNT 总量 T. T. C t.t.C OSAKA 大阪 C/NO. 1-1000 PLUSH TOY BEAR C /没有。1 - 1000 -长毛绒玩具熊 PLUSH TOY CAT 10 000 PIECE 长毛绒玩具猫 10 000 块 10 000 PIECE USD 15 10 000 块美元 15 USD 25 USD 150 000 25 150 美元 000 美元 USD 250 000 250 美元 000 USD 400 000 400 美元 000 装运港/目的港: 装运港/目的港: LOADING PORT & DESTINATION: FROM SHANGHAI TO ODAKA 装运口岸和目的地:从上海到小高的 装运期限: 运装期限: TIME OF SHIPMENT :NOT LATER THAN AUGUST, 2009 装运时间:不迟于 2009 年 8 月 可分批及转船: 批可转船及分: ALLOWING TRANSHIPMENT AND PARTIAL SHIPMENT:ALLOWED 允许转船和分批装运:允许 保险: 保险: INSURANCE:FOR INVOICE AMOUNT COVERING ALL RISK AND WAR RISKS 保险:为发票金额覆盖所有风险和战争险 付款条件: 付款条件: TERMS OF SHIPMENT :BY 100% CONFIRMED IRREVOCABLE SIGHT LETER OF CREDIT 装运条件:100%保兑的、不可撤销的景象的信贷不能废去 买方须于 2009 年 6 月 30 日前开出本批交易的信用证(或通知售方进口许可证号码) ,否 则,售方有权不经过通知取消本确认书,或接受买方对本约未执行的全部或一部分,或对因 此遭受的损失提出索赔。The Buyer shall establish the covering Letter of Credit (or notify the Import License Number )before 30/06/2009 , falling which the Seller reserves the right to rescind without further notice ,or to accept whole or any part of this Sales Confirmation non-fulfilled by the Buyer ,or, to lodge claim for direct losses sustained , if any. 买方须于 2009 年 6 月 30 日前开出本批交易的信用证(或通知售方进口许可证号码),否则,售 方有权不经过通知取消本确认书,或接受买方对本约未执行的全部或一部分,或对因此遭受的 损失提出索赔,买受人应当建立信用证(或通知售方进口许可证号码)30/06/2009 之前,下降,卖 方有权不经通知取消,或者接受全部或任何部分的销售确认书__年__月__日前开出由买方提 出索赔,或者,直接损失持续,如果任何。 凡以 CIF 条件成交的业务,保额为发票的 110%,投保险别以售货确认书中所开列的为限, 买方如果要求增加保额或保险范围, 应于装船前经卖方同意, 因此而增加的保险费由买方负 责。For transactions conclude on C.I. F basis , it is understood that the insurance amount will be for 110% of the invoice value against the risks specified in Sales Confirmation. If additional insurance amount or coverage is required , the buyer must have consent of the Seller before Shipment ,and the additional premium is to be borne by the Buyer. 凡以 CIF 条件成交的业务,保额为发票的 110%,投保险别以售货确认书中所开列的为限,买方 如果要求增加保额或保险范围,应于装船前经卖方同意,因此而增加的保险费由买方负责。因 为交易结束于 C.I.F 基础,据悉,保险金额将按发票金额的 110%投保风险在销售确认书的规定。 如果额外的保险金额或覆盖率是必需的,买方必须征得卖方装运前,而增加的保险费由买方负 担。 品质/数量异议:如买方提出索赔,凡是品质异议须于货到目的口岸之 30 日内提出,凡属 数量异议须于货到目的口岸之 15 日内提出, 对所装货物所提任何异议属于保险公司、 轮船 公司等其他有关运输或邮递机构,卖方不负任何责任. 。QUALITY /QUANTITY DISCRPANCY: In case of quality discrepancy ,claim should be filed by the Buyer within 30 days after the arrival of the goods at while for quantity discrepancy ,claim should be filed by the Buyer within 15 days after the arrival of the goods at port of destination . It is understood that the seller shall not be liable for any discrepancy of the goods shipped due to cause for which the Insurance Company ,Shipped Company other transportation organization/or Post Office are liable. 品质/数量异议:如买方提出索赔,凡是品质异议须于货到目的口岸之 30 日内提出,凡属数量异 议须于货到目的口岸之 15 日内提出,对所装货物所提任何异议属于保险公司,轮船公司等其 他有关运输或邮递机构,卖方不负任何责任。质量/数量提交:如果方提出索赔,质量异议应由 买方提交后 30 天内货物到达目的港;而对于数量异议,声称应该由买方提出在 15 天在货物抵 达目的港。据悉,卖方概不负责运送货物如由于导致属于保险公司、轮船公司等其他有关运 输机构或邮递机构所承担责任。 本确认书内所述全部或部分商品,如因人力不可抗的原因,以致不能履约或延迟交货,卖方 概不负责。The Seller shall not be held liable for failure of delay in delivery of the entire lot or a portion of the goods under this Sales Confirmation in consequence of any Force Major incidents. 本确认书内所述部或全部分商品,如因人力不可抗的原因,以致不能履约或延迟交货,卖方概 不负责,卖方不承担失败的迟延交付的全部或部分货物在这种销售确认书由于任何力量的重 大事件。 买方在开始卖方的信用证上请注本确认书号码。The Buyer is requested always to quote THE NUMBER OF THIS SALES CONFIRMATION in the letter of Credit to be opened in favour of the Seller. 买方在开始卖方的信用证上请注本确认书号码,买方要求永远填注本确认书号码在开给售的 信用证以卖方为受益人的。 买方收到本售货确认书后请立即签回一份, 如买方对本确认书有异议, 应于收到后五天内提 出,否则认为以同意接受本确认书所规定的各项条款。The buyer is requested to sign and return one copy of the Sales Confirmation immediately after the receipt of same, Objection, if any, should be raised by the Buyer within five days after the receipt of this Sales Confirmation, in the absence of which it is understood that the Buyer has accepted the terms and condition of the sales confirmation. 本收售方买货到后确认书请回签立即一份,如买方对本确认书有异议,应于收到后五天内提出, 否则认为以同意接受本确认书所规定的各项条款,买方要求签署并返回一个销售确认书的副 本后,立即收到一样,反对,如果有,应该是对买方提出的在五天后收到此销售确认书,在缺乏,据 悉,买方接受了条款和条件的销售确认书。 买方: 卖方: 买方:卖方: THE BUYER: 高村 THE SELLER:高丽 买方:高村卖方:高丽 SHANGHAI IMPORT & EXPORT TRADE 上海进出口贸易 CORPORATIONT CORPORATIONTUnit 4 单位 4 Trade Terms 贸易术语 Keys 键 I (Omited) 我(省掉) II 1) F. Price terms, or trade terms, are used to indicated the different liabilities, cost and risks of the buyer and the seller. II 1)f .价格术语,或贸易术语,用来表示不同的负债,成本和风险的买方和卖方。 2) F. Warsaw-Oxford rules specialize in explaining CIF contracts. 2)f .华沙牛津规则专攻解释 CIF 合同。 3) T. 3)T。 4) T. 4)T。 5) F. On CIP terms the seller’s responsibilities end when he hands over the goods to the carrier at the place of shipment, although he has to pay the freight rate and insurance premium. 5)f .按 CIP 条款卖方的责任结束时他的手向承运人的货物在装运的地方,尽管他不得不支付运 费和保险费。 6) T. 6)T。 7) T. 7)T。 8) F. By CFR Landed is meant that the seller pays for unloading the goods at the port of discharge. 8)f .在 CFR 降落是意味着卖方支付卸载货物在卸货港。 9) T. 9)T。 10) F. On FAS terms the seller needs only to put the goods within the reach of the ship’s tackle. He is not responsible for loading the goods on board. 10)f .在 FAS 术语卖方只需要把货物在到达船上的解决。他不是负责装船。 III. Judgment III。判断 a) Incorrect. On FOB terms the seller’s responsibilities end when he delivers the goods at the port of shipment, that is, at one of the ports in China. 一)不正确的。FOB 术语卖方的责任最终当他将货物在装运港,这是在中国的港口。 b) Incorrect. On CIF terms the seller pays for transportation and insurance till the goods r the terms should be followed by the port of destination. b)不正确的。在 CIF 术语卖方支付运输及保险直到货物到达目的地;应遵循的条款的目的港。 c) Correct. c)正确。 d) Incorrect. On CIP terms the seller pays for transportation and insurance till the goods r the terms should be followed by the port of destination. d)不正确的。按 CIP 条款卖方支付运输及保险直到货物到达目的地;应遵循的条款的目的港。 e) Correct. e)正确。 f) Correct. f)正确。 g) Incorrect. On FOB terms the seller’s responsibilities end when he delivers the goods at the port of shipment, that is, at one of the ports in China. g)不正确的。FOB 术语卖方的责任最终当他将货物在装运港,这是在中国的港口。 h) Incorrect. On DES terms the seller must put the goods under the actual control of the buyer at
a port of destination should be attached to DES. h)不正确的。在 DES 条款卖方必须把货物实际控制下的买家在端口目的地;港应该重视 DES。 i) Incorrect. On DDP terms the seller must physically deliver the goods to the buyer at a named place in the import country, that is, a named place of destination should be added to DDP terms. 我)不正确的。在物理上采用 DDP 条件卖方必须向买方提供货物在指定的地方进口的国家, 即,一个目的地指定地点应该被添加到 DDP 术语。 j) Correct. j)正确。 IV. Translation IV。翻译 1) please refer to INCOTERMs (19900 1)请参考(19900 年国际贸易术语解释通则 2) you must load the goods on board in accordance with the stipulations of the INCOTERMS 2)你必须装载货物装船依照国际商会国际贸易术语解释通则规定 3) In reference to the consignment of June 5 3)在引用批 6 月 5 日 4) but our business is on cash payment whether the customs are new or old 但我们的业务是 4)现金付款是否都是新的还是旧的习俗 5) meeting each other halfway and allowing you a 10% discount 5)会议各让一半,允许你 10%的折扣 6) the lowest FOB Liverpool prices of the following articles. 6)最低 FOB 利物浦价格以下的文章。 7) Our prices are subject to change without notice 7)我们的价格变动恕不另行通知 8) As this is a big order, we hope you can make a 5% discount off the list price 8),这是一个大订单,我们希望你能使 5%的折扣价格列表 9) Because of the frequent change of the market prices, it is not possible for us to keep the prices open for a whole week 9)因为频繁变化的市场价格,这对我们是不可能保持价格打开一个星期 10) to receive your cable offer of July 15 for 300 dozen shirts of sample No.1302 CIF New York at USD 35 per dozen 10)能收到你方电报提供 7 月 15 日的 300 打衬衣的样品 No.1302 CIF 纽约 35 美元每打V. 单项选择题 诉单项选择题 1. D 2. A 3. A 4. B 5. D 6. C 7. C 8. B 9. B 10. C 11. D 12. B 13. C 14. C 15.D 1。D 2。一个 3。一个 4。b 5。d 6。C 7。C 8。B 9。b 10。C 11。d 12。b 13。c 14。C 15. d VI. Case Study VI。案例研究 1 [Answer]: 1[回答]: It was not right for the buyer not to take delivery of the goods. In this case, the contract concluded between the seller and the buyer was on CIF terms, according to which, the seller’s responsibilities ended when he loaded the goods on board the ship and paid the freight a the risk separation was
that is to say, the risks were transferred to the buyer or the other parties concerned after the seller put the goods on board the ship. Since the documents presented by the seller were right and proper, the seller could directly get paid from the Issuing Bank of the L/C. 它并不适合买方不接受货物。在这种情况下,合同订立卖方和买方在 CIF 条款,根据卖方的责 任结束了,这时他装载货物在船上和支付运费和保险费;风险分离是飞船一边的;也就是说,风 险被转移到买方或其他当事人在卖方将货物在船上。自从由卖方单据是正确和恰当的,卖方 可以直接得到报酬的开证银行信用证。 However, part of the goods got lost because of rough sea. Does this mean that the buyer suffered loss? It is definitely not the case because there are other two sub-contracts existing on CIF terms-I/P and Bill of Lading. In this case the buyer could claim damages with the insurance company, but he had to take delivery of the goods. Obviously, the actual reason for the buyer’s refusal to accept the goods in this case was that the prices of the goods were going down. This is, certainly, unjustified. 然而,部分商品迷路了,因为风大浪急的海面。这是否意味着买方遭受损失?它肯定并非如此, 因为还有其他两个子合同现有在 CIF 术语我/ P 和提单。在这种情况下,买方可以要求损害赔 偿与保险公司,但他不得不采取交货。显然,实际原因买方拒绝接受货物在这一例子中,商品的 价格持续下降。这是,当然,不正当的。 2 [Answer]: 2[回答]: In this case the contract was concluded between Company E and Company W on FOB term, according to which the seller (Company E) ended his responsibilities when he delivered the goods on board the ship at the port of shipment. He did not need to pay for transportation of the goods or the insurance premium. Therefore, it was not right for W to ask E to pay the freight and indicate “Freight Repaid” on the Bill of Lading. The reason why W asked E to do that might be that he wanted to transfer the freight charges to E. 在这种情况下,合同订立公司 E 和公司 W FOB 术语,根据卖方(公司 E)结束了他的责任交付货 物时,他在船上装运港。他不需要支付运输货物、保险费。因此,它并不适合 W 问 E 支付运费 和表示“运费偿还”在提单。为什么 W 问 E 这样做可能是他想转会到 E 的运费。 However, in practical dealings, foreign trade companies often come across such situations, especially when a contract is concluded with an agent, who wants to resells the goods. In this case, E might comply with W’s request, but he had to indicated that the freight should be borne by W. 然而,在实际交易、 外贸公司经常碰到这样的情况下,特别是当一个合同订立和一个代理,谁想 卖出该商品。在这种情况下,E 可能遵守 W 的请求,但他必须表明,运费应该承担 W。 3 [Answer]: 3[回答]: The buyer's demands are unreasonable 买方的要求是不合理的 If the transaction is made on FOB terms, usually the buyer is responsible for charter booking. The seller can accept the seller's commission on behalf of charter booking, but the seller does not undertake the responsibility of not renting boats and risks. In this case, the export company failed in charter booking on behalf of the buyer, and the buyer did not agree to replace the transaction conditions, therefore, the export company did not hold any responsibilities of failing charter booking and the delay of the delivery. Buyer could not propose to withdraw the contract, either. So, the buyer's demands are unreasonable, responsibilities and risks should be borne by the buyer himself. 如果事务是 FOB 术语,通常是买方负责租船预订。卖方可以接受卖方的委员会代表宪章预订, 但卖方不承担的责任不租船和风险。在这种情况下,出口公司未能在宪章预订代表买方,买方 不同意取代交易条件,因此,出口公司并未持有任何责任失败的宪章预订和延迟的交付。买方 不能提出撤销合同,要么。因此,买方的要求是不合理的,应当承担的责任和风险由买方自己。 4 [Answer]: 4[回答]: Our company can not refuse to make the payment for the sheets, not make claims against the seller. Because: 我们的公司不能拒绝付款的表,而不是向卖方索赔。因为: 1) If the transaction is made on CIF, it is symbolic delivery, under which the buyer’s responsibility is to voucher Delivery whereas the buyer pays when they gets the documents. The buyer should do so once the seller submits the documents agreed upon according to the contract. Even when the goods suffer damage or losses in transit the buyer has to fulfill payment obligations. On the contrary, if the documents presented by the seller are not in compliance with the contract, even the goods are in good order, the buyer has the right to refuse to accept the goods. In this case, the seller submits the whole set of documents as stipulated in the contract, therefore, our company has to make the payment. 1)如果事务是 CIF 价,这是象征性交货下,买方的责任是凭单交货而买方支付当他们得到了文 档。 买方应该这么做一旦卖方提交文件根据合同约定。 即使货物在运输过程中遭受损坏或损 失买方履行付款义务。 相反,如果由卖方单据不符合合同,即使货物在良好的秩序,买方有权拒 绝接受货物。 在这种情况下,卖方提交一整套文件按合同规定,因此,我们的公司就必须要支付。 2) Under CIF term, the risks transfer line of buyer and seller are bound by the shipboard. After the goods have been passed the ship's rail, the burden of risk is borne by the buyer. In this case, before the goods have been passed the ship's rail, the goods are in good condition. So the seller need not take risk responsibilities. Our company can not make any claims on the seller, but can make claim on the insurance company according to relevant conditions. 2)在 CIF 术语,风险转移线的买方和卖方的船上。在货物已通过了船的铁路,负担的风险由买 方负担。在这种情况下,在货物已通过了船的铁路,货物状况良好。所以卖方不需要承担风险 的责任。我们的公司不能做出任何声称在卖方,但可以向保险公司索赔根据相关条件。 5. [Answer]: 5。[结论]: 卖方对此项差价损失不需负责。因为:按照国际商会 《INCOTERM S2000》的解释: “FOB 是 指当货物在装运港越过船舷时,卖方即完成交货,买方必须自该交货点起,负担一切费用和 货物灭失或损坏的风险。 ”按本例的情况,卖方已按照合同规定的条件,将货物在约定的装 运港装上买方租派的船只上,自装船越过船舷之时起,货物的风险已由卖方转移给买方。在 运输途中部分大米受到海水浸泡,致使品质受到影响,这是属于风险损失范围,与卖方的交 货品质无关。 事实上, 货物在装船时, 已验明品质是符合合同规定的条件的。 因此, 按照 FOB 条件的解释,卖方不需负责。 卖方对此项差价损失不需负责。因为:按照国际商会《―S2000》的解释:“FOB 是指当货物在 装运港越过船舷时,卖方即完成交货,买方必须自该交货点起,负担一切费用和货物灭失或损 坏的风险。 按本例的情况,卖方已按照合同规定的条件,将货物在约定的装运港装上买方租派 ” 的船只上,自装船越过船舷之时起,货物的风险已由卖方转移给买方。在运输途中部分大米受 到海水浸泡,致使品质受到影响,这是属于风险损失范围,与卖方的交货品质无关。 事实上,货物 在装船时,已验明品质是符合合同规定的条件的。因此,按照 FOB 条件的解释,卖方不需负责。 6. [Answer]: 6。[结论]: (1)按 《INCOTERM S2000》的解释,在 CIF 条件下,卖方负责装船以前的一切风险,买 方负责装船以后的一切风险。 本案的卖方已将出口货物装上了船, 付清运费并已取得装船提 单,卖方的责任已经解除,风险已转移给了买方,所以由该船遭扣押另行转船的一切费用应 由买方负担。 (2)第二次运费可由买方向保险公司索要。买方可依据 《海商法》海上保险 之委付,将保险标的的一切权利转移给保险公司,请求支付该保险标的的全部投保金额,但 应以货物装船已过 4 个月不能成行或尚未交付收货人为限。 (1)―按《S2000》的解释,在 CIF 条件下,卖方负责装船以前的一切风险,买方负责装船以后的 一切风险。本案的卖方已将出口货物装上了船,付清运费并已取得装船提单,卖方的责任已经 解除,风险已转移给了买方,所以由该船遭扣押另行转船的一切费用应由买方负担。(2)第二次 运费可由买方向保险公司索要。买方可依据《海商法》海上保险之委付,将保险标的的一切 权利转移给保险公司,请求支付该保险标的的全部投保金额,但应以货物装船已过 4 个月不能 成行或尚未交付收货人为限。 7. [Answer]: 7。[结论]: 本案买卖双方订立的是 CIF 合同。 合同的含义是卖方负担货物在装运港越过船舷前的一 CIF 切责任、费用和风险。2000 通则在 CIF 解释中的第 B5 款规定: “买方负担货物越过装 运港的船舷后一切货损货差的风险。因此, ” 货船在途中沉没造成的货物损失应由买方负担, 买方应接受所有单据并且按合同规定支付全部货款。 在接受单据后, 买方可以凭单据向保险 单载明的承保人 (保险公司) 索赔, 通常可以获得相当于货物价值 (CIF 价) 倍的赔偿。 1.1 本案买卖双方订立的是 CIF 合同 CIF 合同的含义是卖方负担货物在装运港越过船舷前的一切 责任,费用和风险.2000 通则在 CIF 解释中的第 B5 款规定:“买方负担货物越过装运港的船舷 后一切货损货差的风险” 因此,货船在途中沉没造成的货物损失应由买方负担,买方应接受所 。 有单据并且按合同规定支付全部货款。在接受单据后,买方可以凭单据向保险单载明的承保 人(保险公司)索赔,通常可以获得相当于货物价值(CIF 价)1.1 倍的赔偿。 8. [Answer]: 8。[结论]: 本例的情况有两种可能,因此要作两种回答: (1)在 CIF 合同中,卖方负有两项重要义务: 一是必须按照合同的规定交付货物;二是必须按照合同的规定提供单据。相对来说,买方享 有两项拒收权: 一是有权拒绝接受有瑕疵的货物; 二是有权拒受有瑕疵的单据。 按这种解释, 本例买方有权拒绝接受有擦改痕迹的单据。但是,事后查明,擦改是改正货物配舱的舱位号 码,并非擦改重大项目的;同时又是在单据签字前擦改的。如果买方自己是收货人,此项擦 改过的单据,对买方的权利并无重大影响。因此,在这种情况下,买方不能拒受单据,如果 此项擦改给他带来不便或其他额外支出,他可向卖方提出损害赔偿。这是第一种情况。 (2) 但是, 如果买方不是货物的直接收货人, 他在卖方提交单据后, 拟将这批货物转交给第三者, 他是准备通过转交单据进行交割的。那么在这种情况下,由于单据有瑕疵,将给他转让单据 带来重大困难。 因此, 他拒受这种有瑕疵的单据是有充分根据的。正如施米拖夫所说: “从 商业观点来看, 可以说, 合同的目的不是货物本身的买卖, CIF 而是与货物有关单据的买卖。 ” 如果本例买方的目的不是买卖货物本身,而是以转让单据而获得利益,那么,这种有瑕疵的 单据与他的目的直接相违背。 尽管这种擦改的单据不是重大的擦改, 但对于他转让单据却带 来重大障碍。因此,他主张拒受单据又是合理的,在法律上也有依据。这是第二种情况。 本例的情况有两种可能,因此要作两种回答:(1)在 CIF 合同中、卖方负有两项重要义务:一是必 须按照合同的规定交付货物;二是必须按照合同的规定提供单据。相对来说,买方享有两项拒 收权:一是有权拒绝接受有瑕疵的货物;二是有权拒受有瑕疵的单据。 按这种解释,本例买方有 权拒绝接受有擦改痕迹的单据。但是,事后查明,擦改是改正货物配舱的舱位号码,并非擦改重 大项目的;同时又是在单据签字前擦改的。 如果买方自己是收货人,此项擦改过的单据,对买方 的权利并无重大影响。 因此,在这种情况下,买方不能拒受单据,如果此项擦改给他带来不便或 其他额外支出,他可向卖方提出损害赔偿。这是第一种情况。(2)但是,如果买方不是货物的直 接收货人,他在卖方提交单据后,拟将这批货物转交给第三者,他是准备通过转交单据进行交 割的。那么在这种情况下,由于单据有瑕疵,将给他转让单据带来重大困难。因此,他拒受这种 有瑕疵的单据是有充分根据的。正如施米拖夫所说:“从商业观点来看,可以说,CIF 合同的目 的不是货物本身的买卖,而是与货物有关单据的买卖。 “如果本例买方的目的不是买卖货物本 身,而是以转让单据而获得利益,那么,这种有瑕疵的单据与他的目的直接相违背。尽管这种擦 改的单据不是重大的擦改,但对于他转让单据却带来重大障碍。因此,他主张拒受单据又是合 理的,在法律上也有依据。这是第二种情况。 9. [Answer]: 9。[结论]: 此项损失应由买方承担,买方不应该向该公司提出索赔。 此项损失应由承担方买,买方不应该向该公司提出索赔。 以 CPT 术语成交时,风险转移以货交承运人为界,即卖方将货物交给指定承运人,风险即由 卖方转移至买方,买方可投货物保险以确保损失最小。就本案例而言,该公司已将货物交给 承运人,运输途中及后期风险均由买方自己承担,因此,该公司可拒绝买方的索赔要求。 以 CPT 术语成交时,风险转移以货交承运人为界,即卖方将货物交给指定承运人,风险即由卖方 转移至买方,买方可投货物保险以确保损失最小。 就本案例而言,该公司已将货物交给承运人, 运输途中及后期风险均由买方自己承担,因此,该公司可拒绝买方的索赔要求。 10. [Answer]: 10。[结论]: 按照 CIP 条件成交,卖方要承担保险费和运费。因为 CIP 条件适合于各种运输方式,风险是 在承运人控制货物时转移, 所以卖方要负责办理交货地点到指定目的地的全程运输, 而不仅 仅是水上运输,因此卖方应支付全程运费。就本案例而言,卖方支付了海上运输的费用,但 并没有将货物送往指定目的地,因此还需支付铁路运输的费用。由此,我方应支付货款,但 不需支付铁路运费,卖方行为不尽合理。 按照 CIP 条件成交,卖方要承担保险费和运费。因为 CIP 条件适合于各种运输方式,风险是在 承运人控制货物时转移,所以卖方要负责办理交货地点到指定目的地的全程运输,而不仅仅是 水上运输,因此卖方应支付全程运费。就本案例而言,卖方支付了海上运输的费用,但并没有将 货物送往指定目的地,因此还需支付铁路运输的费用。由此,我方应支付货款,但不需支付铁路 运费,卖方行为不尽合理。 Unit 5 单位 5 Quality of Commodity 商品的品质, Key: 重点: I. Give the Chinese equivalents for the following English terms: i .给中国等价物下列英语术语: 1 本身所具有的特性 1 本身所具有的特性 2 光泽,造型、结构 3 耐用性 3 耐用性 4 可销售性 5 社会属 5 社会属 6 消毒 7 适用性 7 适用性 8 卫生 9 规格 9 规格 10 水产品 11 跨国公司 11 跨国公司 12 保证生活质量 2 光泽、造型、结构 4 可销售性 6 消毒 8 卫生 10 水产品 12 保证生活质量II. Two columns are given for you to decide which method is best suited for a certain commodity. Please match them. II。两列了你决定采用哪种方法最适合于一个特定的商品。请匹配。 1 A , 2 C, 3 D, 4 E, 5 B, 6 G, 7 F, 8 H 1、2 C,3 D,4 E,5 B、6 G,7 F,8 小时III. Monomial Choice III。单项选择 1. A 2. D 3. A 4. D 5. A 6. A 7. B 8. B 9 . D 10. A 1。一个 2。D 3。一个 4。D 5。一个 6。一个 7。B 8。B 9。D 10。一个 11. B 12. A 13. C 14. B 15. A 16. B 11。B 12。一个 13。C 14。B 15。一个 16。BIV. Fill in the blanks with below with the most appropriate terms from the box: IV。在空格里填上以下,最合适的条款从盒子里: 1)If the quality of your products is satisfactory, we may place regular orders. 1)如果你们产品的质量使我们满意,我们将不断订货。 2)There is no marked qualitative difference between the two. 2)在质量上无显著差异的两个。 3)The new varieties have very vivid designs and beautiful colors. 3)那新产品图案新颖,色泽鲜艳。 4)The quality is all right, but the style is a bit outdated. 4)质量无问题,只是式样有点过时。 5)No doubt you've received the outturn samples of the inferior quality goods. 5)毫无疑问你已经收到了质量低劣产品的到货抽样。 6)You know we sell our tea according to our samples. 6)你知道我们出售茶根据我们的样品。 7)We sell goods as per the sales sample, not the quality of any previous supplies. 7)我们销售产品是以货样为标准,而不是凭过去任何一批货的质量供应。 8)If you find the quality of our products unsatisfactory, we're prepared to accept return of the rejected material within a week. 8)如果你觉得我们产品的质量不满意,我们准备接受退货拒收物料在一个星期内。 9)The quality of this article cannot qualify for first-class. 9)这批商品的质量不够一等品。 10)Our Certificate of Quality is made valid by means of the official seal. 我们的质量证明书 10)是有效的方式公章。V. 简答题 诉简答题 1、 我国对于品质增减价条款有何种不同的规定方法? 1 我国对于品质增减价条款有何种不同的规定方法? a) 对机动幅度内的品质差异,可根据交货时的实际品质,按规定予以增价或减价。 一)对机动幅度内的品质差异,可根据交货时的实际品质,按规定予以增价或减价。 b) 规定交货幅度的极限。 b)规定交货幅度的极限。 c) 在上述第二种规定方法的基础上,对在机动幅度范围内,按低劣的程度,采用不同的扣 价方法,以此限制卖方的交货品质。 c)在上述第二种规定方法的基础上,对在机动幅度范围内,按低劣的程度,采用不同的扣价方法, 以此限制卖方的交货品质。 2、 数量机动幅度是什么?它的规定方法有哪些? 2、数量机动幅度是什么?它的规定方法有哪些吗? 数量机动幅度是指卖方可按买卖双方约定的某一具体数量多交或少交若干的幅度。 它的规定 方法有: 数量机动幅度是指卖方可按买卖双方约定的某一具体数量多交或少交若干的幅度。 它的规定 方法有: (1) 合同中明确具体地规定数量的机动幅度。它既可只简单规定机动幅度,也可在此基础 上约定由谁选择及作价原则。 (1)合同中明确具体地规定数量的机动幅度。它既可只简单规定机动幅度,也可在此基础上约 定由谁选择及作价原则。 (2) 合同中未明确规定数量机动幅度,但将数量规定为约数。 《跟单信用证统一惯例》规 定约的增减幅度不超过 10%。 (2)合同中未明确规定数量机动幅度,但将数量规定为约数。 《跟单信用证统一惯例》规定约的 增减幅度不超过 10%。 (3) 合同中未明确规定数量机动幅度。 此时卖方交货数量原则上应与合同规定数量完全一 致,但《跟单信用证统一惯例》500 号出版物规定货物数量允许有 5%的伸缩。 (3)合同中未明确规定数量机动幅度。此时卖方交货数量原则上应与合同规定数量完全一致, 但跟《单信用证统一惯例》500 号出版物规定货物数量允许有 5%的伸缩。 3、 联合国制定标志运输标志的原因是什么?其作用有哪些? 3、联合国制定标志运输标志的原因是什么?其作用有哪些吗? 制定原因为: 原因定制为: (1) 运输标志内容较多。 (1)运输标志内容较多。 (2) 有时要加进一些不必要项目。 (2)有时要加进一些不必要项目。 (3) 各国和各种运输方式之间对运输标志的要求差异较大, 不能适应国际货物流动量的增 加和多式联运的开展,不利于电子计算机在运输和单证流转方面的应用。 (3)各国和各种运输方式之间对运输标志的要求差异较大,不能适应国际货物流动量的增加和 多式联运的开展,不利于电子计算机在运输和单证流转方面的应用。 作用有: 用作有: (1) 减少了运输标志内容,节省出出口成本,时间和费用。 (1)减少了运输标志内容,节省出出口成本,时间和费用。 (2) 提高计算机操作和审单效率,加速船舶和资金周转。 (2)提高计算机操作和审单效率,加速船舶和资金周转。 (3) 消除因运输标志内容过多和繁杂而可能造成的失误和困难,保证交货的顺利进行。 (3)消除因运输标志内容过多和繁杂而可能造成的失误和困难,保证交货的顺利进行。 4、简述溢短装条款的计价方法。 4,简述溢短装条款的计价方法。 (1) 目前对在机动幅度范围内超出或低于合同数量的多装或少装部分, 一般按合同价格计 价结算。 (1)目前对在机动幅度范围内超出或低于合同数量的多装或少装部分,一般按合同价格计价结 算。 (2) 为防止有权选择溢短装的当事人利用行市变化有意多装或少装而获取额外好处, 有的 合同规定多装或少装部分不按合同价格计算, 而代之以按装船日的行市或目的地的市场价格 计算。 (2)为防止有权选择溢短装的当事人利用行市变化有意多装或少装而获取额外好处,有的合同 规定多装或少装部分不按合同价格计算,而代之以按装船日的行市或目的地的市场价格计算。 (3) 若双方未能就装船日或到货日或是市场价格取得协议,则可交由仲裁机构解决。 (3)若双方未能就装船日或到货日或是市场价格取得协议,则可交由仲裁机构解决。 (4) 有的合同还规定多交或少交货物当中一部分按合同价格计算, 其余部分按装船时或到 货时的市价计算。 (4)有的合同还规定多交或少交货物当中一部分按合同价格计算,其余部分按装船时或到货时 的市价计算。 5、品质条款的内容有哪些? 5,品质条款的内容有哪些吗? 在买卖合同中,品质条款的内容有繁有简,一般视不同商品的不同表示品质的方法而定,包 括商品的品名、规格、等级、品牌、标准以及交付货物的品质依据等。凭样品买卖时,应列 明样品的编号、寄送日期,有时还要加列交货品质与样品“大致相符”或“完全相符”的说 明等,凭标准买卖时,应表明标准名称及其版本年份。 在卖买合同中、品质条款的内容有繁有简,一般视不同商品的不同表示品质的方法而定,包括 商品的品名,规格,等级,品牌,标准以及交付货物的品质依据等。凭样品买卖时,应列明样品的 编号,寄送日期,有时还要加列交货品质与样品“大致相符”或“完全相符”的说明等,凭标准 买卖时,应表明标准名称及其版本年份。VI 案例分析 VI 案例分析 1. [Answer]: 1。[结论]: 我方应负责赔偿。作为出口公司理应知道所售货物的英文名称。如来证货名与实际不符,我 方一是应要求对方改证, 二是应自己更改货物的英文名称。 如只考虑单证相符而置货物上的 名称不顾,势必给对方在办理进口报关时造成严重后果。 我方应负责赔偿。作为出口公司理应知道所售货物的英文名称。如来证货名与实际不符,我 方一是应要求对方改证,二是应自己更改货物的英文名称。如只考虑单证相符而置货物上的 名称不顾,势必给对方在办理进口报关时造成严重后果。 2. [Answer]: 2。[结论]: 1)这个问题要视合同如何约定,如果合同约定了检验期间,则由于甲方没有在约定的检验 期间内验货导致其丧失了质量异议权。 如果合同没有约定检验期间, 则在甲方收货后两年内 都有权要求退货,依据是合同法第 157、158 条。所以,乙方已履行部分可以要求退货。 1)这个问题要视合同如何约定,如果合同约定了检验期间,则由于甲方没有在约定的检验期间 内验货导致其丧失了质量异议权。如果合同没有约定检验期间,则在甲方收货后两年内都有 权要求退货,依据是合同法第 157158 条。所以,乙方已履行部分可以要求退货。 2) 未履行部分可以解除。 因乙方行为已导致合同目的无法实现, 甲方经催告后可解除合同, 理由是合同法第 94 条。 2)未履行部分可以解除。因乙方行为已导致合同目的无法实现,甲方经催告后可解除合同,理 由是合同法第 94 条。 3)定金应双倍返还给甲方。 3)定金应双倍返还给甲方。 4)定金和违约金只能择其一,给甲方造成损失的,乙方仍应当赔偿,包括差旅费 500 元, 已收取的货款应当退还给甲方。 4)定金和违约金只能择其一,给甲方造成损失的,乙方仍应当赔偿,包括差旅费 500 元,已收取 的货款应当退还给甲方。 3 [Answer]: 3[回答]: The exporter didn’t fulfill his obligation. Though the exporter made shipment on time, in order to deliver the apples in good quality, he arranged the goods with higher quality, but the quality is not similar to the level on the contract. So the seller breaches the contract. If the buyer lodges a claim, the seller will suffer the loss. 出口商不履行他的义务。尽管出口商使装运时间,以交付苹果在质量好,他安排货物的质量, 但是高质量不是类似水平的合同。所以卖方违反了合同。如果买方提出要求,卖方将遭受损 失。 In order to avoid the problem, the seller should ask for the buyer’s opinion firstly. 为了避免这个问题,卖方应买方要求的观点首先。Unit 6Quantity of Goods第六单元数量的商品 Key: 重点: I.Here given in the following are short forms for some units of measure and weight. Please give the complete form of each: 我这里给出了以下是短形式对于一些单位的测量和重量。请给完整形式的每个: 1)吨 2)盎斯 3)磅 4)品脱 5)码 6)加仑 7)令 8)公斤 9)克 10)平方米 1)吨 2)盎斯 3)磅 4)品脱 5)码 6)加仑 7)令 8)公斤 9)克 10)平方米II. Please fill in the blanks with what you have learnt in this unit. II。请在空格里填上您所学在本单位。 1. If the seller delivers a quantity of goods greater than that provided for in the contract, the buyer may take delivery or refuse to take delivery of the excess quantity. 1。如果卖方提供的货物数量超过规定的合同,买方可接受或拒绝接受多余的数量。 2. Gross weight refers to the net weight plus the tare weight of the goods. 2。总重量是指净重加上皮重的商品。 3. There are four ways to calculate tare: by actual tare, by average tare, by customary tare, by computed tare. 3。有四种方法来计算皮重:通过实际皮重、平均皮重、习惯皮重,通过计算皮重。 4. If the buyer takes delivery of all or part of the excess quantity, he must pay for it at the contract rate. 4。如果买方需要交付的全部或部分多余的数量,他必须支付它的合同利率。 5. Conditioned Weight refers to the kind of weight derived from the process, with which the moisture content of the commodity is removed and standardized moisture added both by scientific methods. 5。 公量是指种重量来源于过程,与含水率的商品是移除和标准化的水分添加两个以科学的方 法。 6. Legal weight is the weight of the goods and the immediate package of the goods. 6。法律重量的重量是商品和直接包的商品。 7. A complete more or less term should include three parts: 1) 2) who has the right to decide the more or less term when the 3) pay attention to the calculation of more or less clause. 7。一个完整的或多或少的术语应该包括三部分:1)一定比例;2)谁有权决定或多或少的术语当 货物运到;3)注意计算或多或少的条款。 8. At the time of the conclusion of a contract, the quantity clause should be clearly and definitely stipulated so as not to give rise to disputes. 8。当时的结论的一个合同,数量条款必须清晰和明确规定,以免引起争端。III. Please give the following definitions for the names in English. III。请给下面的定义名称的英语。 1. Gross weight is the sum of total weight of the commodity itself and the tare (the package weight). That’s to say it refers to the net weight plus the tare weight of the goods. 1。总重量是总重量的总和的商品本身和皮重(包的重量)。这是说它是指净重加上皮重的商 品。 2. Net weight is the actual weight of commodity without the addition of the tare. In international trade if the goods are sold by weight, the net weight is often used. 2。净重是实际的重量的商品没有加入皮重。在国际贸易中如果货物是按重量卖的,经常使用 的净重。 3. Actual tare: The actual weight of packages of the whole commodities. 3。实际皮重:实际重量的包装整个大宗商品。 4. Average tare: In this way, the weight of packages is calculated on the basis of the average tare of a part of the packages. 4。平均皮重:这样,包的重量是为基础计算的平均皮重的包的一部分。 5. Customary tare: The weight of standardized package has a generally recognizer weight which can be used to represent the weight of such packages. 5。习惯皮重:重量的标准化包有一个一般识别器重量,它可以用来表示这种包的重量。 6. Computed tare: The weight of package is calculated according to the tare previously agreed upon by the seller and the buyer instead of actual weighing. 6。计算皮重:包的重量计算根据皮重预先约定由卖方和买方代替实际称量。IV. 简答题 IV。简答题 1. 答:数量条款规定了买卖双方交货数量及与之有关的权利和义务,他涉及成交数量的确 定、计量单位和计量方法的规定及数量机动幅度等内容。为订好数量条款,应依据政策的规 定和经营意图,根据需要和可能,按外商资信情况和市场行情变化,正确掌握进出口商品的 成交数量,以利于合同的履行。 1。答:数量条款规定了买卖双方交货数量及与之有关的权利和义务,他涉及成交数量的确定, 计量单位和计量方法的规定及数量机动幅度等内容。为订好数量条款,应依据政策的规定和 经营意图,根据需要和可能,按外商资信情况和市场行情变化,正确掌握进出口商品的成交数 量,以利于合同的履行。 2. 答: (1)大宗农、副产品、矿产品及一部分工业制成品惯于采用按重量计算,一些贵重 商品也惯于采用重量单位。 2。答:(1)大宗农,副产品,矿产品及一部分工业制成品惯于采用按重量计算,一些贵重商品也惯}

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