贝前列素片价格治疗肺动脉高压症状怎么样?

这里是张缪佳的丁香客,立即开通并关注TA的最新动态!
你好!对于确诊CTD(SLE、SSc、MCTD、SS)的患者,常规检查二维超声心动图。尤其是对于疾病活动度高,存在雷诺现象、皮肤血管炎、U1RNP抗体阳性、抗心磷脂抗体阳性、抗内皮细胞抗体阳性、肺间质病变等危险因素的患者,定期复查超声心动图。有超声心动图评估肺动脉收缩压大于40mmHg的患者,积极动员右心导管检测,同时查肺功能、肺通气血流灌注、肺部CT、HIV等排除其他原因导致的PAH。
该动态已被删除
你好!CTD合并PAH的晚期患者预后不佳,故需要早期发现、早期治疗。有条件的患者在用糖皮质激素和免疫抑制剂治疗原发病的同时,尽可能创造条件使用波生坦等特异性治疗药物。
提问:您好!张教授!此类疾病的肺动脉高压如何预防?有没有特定药物阻止进展?曾经见过一例sle患者,年纪轻轻,就因为PAH坐卧不宁,最后猝死,很可怕
你好!贝前列腺素对WHO心功能一级的患者有一定的疗效。
提问:你好,张教授!想请教一下贝前列素治疗肺动脉高压的有关进展
你好!请您请教心脏科专家!
提问:张教授您好,请教SSc病人出现肺高压,同时伴有室间隔肥厚的治疗方案,谢谢!
你好!PAH的发作有一定的预测指标,但针对每位患者仍无法确定其何时发生,故难以预防,仍以控制原发病活动为重。
提问:如何有效预防
你好!我院未参加此药物临床试验入组,上海肺科医院荆志成教授牵头进行的多中心临床研究结果已发表在近期的《circulation》杂志上,该杂志为心血管顶级杂志,敬请关注。并祝贺荆教授为我国在PAH研究领域作出重要成绩!
提问:您好,请问曲前列环素片(Treprostinil)是否能有效治疗结缔组织相关肺动脉高压呢?
你好!问题2及问题3请见类似问题的回答。SSc、MCTD、SLE合并PAH的差异主要在于原发病的不同,按其各自的诊断标准进行诊断。治疗无差异。三者之间PAH的发生几率及治疗效果有差异。
提问:您好,请问您1、就目前国内外有哪些循证医学提供结蹄组织病相关肺动脉高压的发病率及有关有效的治疗案例剖析?2、如何早期发现并采取有效的方案延缓疾病的进展3、如果发现本类疾病,应该告之患者注意事项?4、比如SSc、MCTD、SLE等并发肺动脉高压在诊断和治疗上有何异同点?谢谢您!
你好!有关循证医学的近期参考文献有: 1 Mathai SC, Hassoun PM.Pulmonary arterial hypertension in connective tissue diseases. Heart Fail Clin. ):413-25. 2 Grünig E. Treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension in connective tissue disease. Drugs. 2012 May 28;72(8): Zhang R .Survival of Chinese patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension in the modern treatment era . Chest . 2011 ; 140 ( 2 ): 301 - 309 4
Steven M.Hemodynamics and Survival in Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Related to Systemic Sclerosis. Chest.2003 5
提问:您好,请问您1、就目前国内外有哪些循证医学提供结蹄组织病相关肺动脉高压的发病率及有关有效的治疗案例剖析?2、如何早期发现并采取有效的方案延缓疾病的进展3、如果发现本类疾病,应该告之患者注意事项?4、比如SSc、MCTD、SLE等并发肺动脉高压在诊断和治疗上有何异同点?谢谢您!
六分钟步行距离的改善是一个较好的衡量指标。
&:代站友 向
提问:想请教张教授几个问题:1、目前国内风湿科医生对于CTD容易并发PAH的认知是怎么样的?2、目前临床诊断的手段有哪些?那些是具有典型性特征的诊断方法?3、诊断后的治疗远期目标如何确定并衡量?4、如何用药?哪些药物效果比较好? 多谢张教授!
远期目标为改善患者心功能,延长患者生存时间。
&:代站友 向
提问:想请教张教授几个问题:1、目前国内风湿科医生对于CTD容易并发PAH的认知是怎么样的?2、目前临床诊断的手段有哪些?那些是具有典型性特征的诊断方法?3、诊断后的治疗远期目标如何确定并衡量?4、如何用药?哪些药物效果比较好? 多谢张教授!
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肺动脉高压药物治疗进展和新药临床评价体系
.Humbert M, Souza R, Simonneau G. Pulmonary Vascular Disorders Vol. 41, KARGER, .365医学网 转载请注明 D'Alonzo, G. E., R. J. Barst, et al. (1991). "Survival in patients with primary pulmonary hypertension. Results from a national prospective registry." Annals of internal medicine 115(5): 343-349.365医学网 转载请注明 Rich, S., E. Kaufmann, et al. (1992). "The effect of high doses of calcium-channel blockers on survival in primary pulmonary hypertension." The New England journal of medicine 327(2): 76-81.365医学网 转载请注明 Jing, Z. C., X. Q. Xu, et al. (2007). "Registry and survival study in chinese patients with idiopathic and familial pulmonary arterial hypertension." Chest 132(2): 373-379.365医学网 转载请注明 Sitbon, O., M. Humbert, et al. (2002). "Long-term intravenous epoprostenol infusion in primary pulmonary hypertension - Prognostic factors and survival." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 40(4): 780-788.365医学网 转载请注明 McLaughlin, V. V., A. Shillington, et al. (2002). 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作者简介单位:中国医学科学院阜外心血管病医院简介:荆志成 教授,主任医师,博士生导师。北京协和医学院中国医学科学院内科学教授,博士生导师。中国医学科学
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贝前列素治疗肺动脉高压的临床应用
前列环素类似物是靶向治疗最早上市的一类药物,里程碑式改变了患者的恶劣预后。包括静脉输注依前列醇(Epoprostenol)、皮下注射曲前列环素(Treprostinil)、吸入性伊洛前列素(Iloprost)以及口服贝前列素(Beraprost)。
目前除贝前列素是通过口服给药之外,其他前列环素类药品都需要静脉注射,或者皮下注射或者雾化吸入。从给药角度而言,口服最方便,但是由于吸收,血药浓度稳态时间,半衰期等因素,贝前列素在血流动力学方面的表现一直没有令人满意,但贝前列素和其他类型靶向治疗药物联合使用,仍然有令人期待的结果。目前贝前列素已在日本和韩国被批准为治疗的适应证。本文即回顾有关贝前列素的研究历程。
一、药理机制
前列环素(PGI2)是膜磷脂释放的花生四烯酸的代谢产物,主要由血管内皮细胞产生。PGI2 通过刺激环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)的生成引起肺血管平滑肌舒张并抑制平滑肌的生长,同时有强大的抗血小板聚集作用。PGI2可以促使内皮细胞释放一氧化氮(NO),而 NO 促使PGI2生成增加。PGI2也有抑制血管平滑肌细胞和肺成纤维细胞合成胶原的作用。PGI2 在正常PH中水解成无活性的 6-酮-PGF1α,在人体中(37oC,PH7.4)半衰期约6min,动物实验证明PGI2 经静脉注射后具有血浆清除率高(93ml/min/kg),分布容积小(357ml/kg),血浆半衰期短(2min)的特点1。
贝前列素环钠是首个具有口服活性的前列环素类似物。空腹吸收迅速,30分钟后达峰浓度,清除半衰期为35~40分钟2。
二、实验研究
Tanonaka3等将家兔的心脏置于低氧状态20分钟后再予恢复45分钟,观察缺氧状态下使用和不使用贝前列素两组家兔的心脏功能及代谢变化。结果显示,贝前列素治疗组心肌显著地抑制了组织中钙的增加,并减少低氧状态下肌酸激酶和ATP代谢产物的产生。贝前列素对于缺氧后心肌功能和代谢恢复有益.
Tamaoki4等研究狗的气道发现,贝前列素不仅通过增加cAMP生成以及刺激Na+-K+ATP酶有效地舒张气道平滑肌,而且可通过抑制胆碱能神经末梢乙酰胆碱的释放减少神经介导的收缩效应。
Saito5等对慢性缺氧和正常氧含量的小鼠分别予贝前列素治疗,结果显示贝前列素在两组中都能使肺血管扩张,但低氧组血管扩张效应更持久。
Miyata等6给予野百合碱诱导的大鼠口服贝前列素治疗,结果发现,贝前列素不仅具有扩张肺血管和抗血小板聚集作用,还能减少IL-1,IL-6和TNF等炎症因子的产生,有效缓解PAH大鼠的病程进展。Ueno等7研究发现,大剂量的贝前列素对于猪的心肌有正性肌力作用,其作用与TXA2受体介导相关。
Kaneshige8等研究发现贝前列素可抑制心室肌内膜层的心肌纤维化从而减缓所致的心肌肥厚。长期使用贝前列素可维持心肌舒张功能,防止心肌间质纤维化。
最新研究还发现贝前列素可诱导一氧化氮的产生和一氧化氮合成酶的磷酸化,由cAMP/蛋白激酶A通路介导1179位-丝氨酸磷酸化。同时还能上调包括血管新生、抗及内皮功能这几种基因的表达,下调基因的表达9。
三、临床研究
贝前列素于1995年开始在日本用于治疗。小样本量的开放性研究10表明贝前列素可改善特发性(IPAH)的血流动力学,经过2个月随访,大多数患者的心功能得到改善,肺血管阻力下降26%。Nagaya11等进行了一项前瞻性、开放性研究显示,24例服用贝前列素的IPAH患者与34例常规治疗组相比,3年的存活率分别为76%和44%。Vizza12等对13例重度患者口服贝前列素治疗随访观察12月。研究发现治疗1月后,心功能分级平均从3.4降至2.9(p & 0.05), 6分钟步行距离(6MWD)从 213米提高至276 米 (p & 0.05), 肺动脉收缩压没有显著差别。随访12月发现,11例患者的心功能,运动耐量以及肺动脉收缩压仍持续改善。
2002年及2003年欧美分别进行了两项贝前列素治疗肺高压的前瞻性、双盲、安慰剂对照、多中心临床研究,探讨贝前列素治疗肺高压的疗效和安全性。2002年Galie13等进行了一项为期12周的前瞻性、双盲、随机、安慰剂对照研究,比较130例心功能II-III级患者随机服用贝前列素或安慰剂治疗效果。贝前列素组平均80ug qid治疗显示运动耐量显著增加, 6MWD增加 25米,其中IPAH患者增加更显著为45米,Borg呼吸评分明显下降。但两组间的血流动力学指标和存活率并无显著差异。贝前列素所致的不良反应多与扩张体循环血管有关,通常发生在用药起始阶段,可逐渐减弱并消失。
2003年Barst14等再次研究了口服贝前列素对的治疗作用,116例患者随机接受最大耐受剂量的贝前列素和安慰剂治疗,为期12个月。结果显示,同安慰剂组相比,治疗组患者在3个月和6个月时 6MWD分别较基线值提高了22米和31米,但在9个月或12个月时无改变。1年的生存率两组间也无显著差别。此项研究结果提示贝前列素治疗的疗效可能随时间的延长而减弱。基于此项研究结果,欧美均未批准贝前列素治疗的适应证。
2003年Ono15等完成的一项对照研究显示,与传统治疗组相比,口服贝前列素能够有效降低慢性血栓栓塞性肺高压(CTEPH)患者的肺动脉压力和全肺阻力,但未显示能增加心排量,贝前列素治疗的患者约50%心功能状态得到改善。与传统治疗组相比,贝前列素能够显著改善患者1年和5年生存率。2006年Vizza16等对8例CTEPH和8例IPAH患者口服贝前列素治疗,6个月后患者的心功能分级得到改善,CTEPH组从2.7±0.6下降至2.0±0.24,IPAH组从3.0±0.26下降至2.1±0.25。6MWD显著增加,CTEPH组从312±31m增加至373±29m,IPAH组从303±31m增加至347±39m。
贝前列素钠由于半衰期短,需多次给药,可能导致血药浓度不稳定,同时影响患者服药的依从性。目前长效制剂的口服贝前列素(TRK-100STP)已在进行相关临床研究17,18。Kunieda18等进行了一项TRK-100STP治疗的开放性、多中心研究,46例患者予以口服TRK-100STP治疗12周,结果发现6MWD显著增加33.4±66.0米,肺动脉平均压以及肺阻力分别下降2.8±5.5 mmHg&, 0.89±2.81 mmHg*L(-1)*min。TRK-100STP有望成为新的口服前列环素类代表药物。
四、联合治疗
上述多项研究综合显示,单用贝前列素治疗的短期疗效肯定,远期疗效欠佳。联合治疗可能利用药物的不同作用机制使临床效用最大化。
Ueno19等报道了一组小鼠予内皮素A受体拮抗剂TA-0201联合贝前列素治疗的疗效。研究将野百合碱诱导的肺高压小鼠(PH)分为5组:正常对照组,安慰剂治疗的PH组,TA-0201治疗组,贝前列素治疗组以及联合治疗组。结果显示:贝前列素治疗组及ET-A受体拮抗剂组的右室收缩压及右室重量指数低于安慰剂治疗组,联合治疗组中降低更明显。PH小鼠右室β肌球蛋白重链mRNA的表达显著增加、肺动脉中层显著增厚,联合治疗组对上述变化的抑制程度最大。因此联合治疗优于单药治疗。
Itoh20等报道了一组小鼠予西地那非联合贝前列素治疗的效果。研究将小鼠随机分为对照组、西地那非治疗组、贝前列素治疗组以及西地那非联合贝前列素治疗组,每组10只小鼠,治疗3周。结果显示,联合治疗组的右室收缩压、右室重量指数、室壁增厚率显著低于单药治疗组。6周后的存活率分析,西地那非、贝前列素、联合治疗组的小鼠存活率显著增高,对照组为30%,西地那非组为90%,贝前列素组为80%,联合治疗组为100%。西地那非通过增加内皮细胞cGMP使肺血管扩张,而贝前列素通过增加cAMP扩张肺血管。并且研究发现,两者合用比单用西地那非能更加提高细胞内cGMP水平,比单用贝前列素更加提高细胞内cAMP水平。因此两种药物协同降低扩张肺血管,治疗。
Ikeda21等对6名中重度患者口服贝前列素和口服贝前列素及西地那非观察用药后即刻血流动力学变化。血流动力学指标表明与单独使用贝前列素组相比,联合治疗组平均肺动脉压、肺血管阻力显著降低,并且联合治疗时这些参数的降低较单独使用贝前列素持续的时间更长。
贝前列素联合西地那非成功治疗重度的病例报道不少见22-24,但目前尚缺乏大规模的临床试验证实其长期的有效性和安全性。
贝前列素是具有口服活性的前列环素类似物,短期使用可提高运动耐量,但远期疗效欠佳。对于CTEPH患者可改善预后。联合治疗有望成为有效、安全、经济的治疗方案。
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